Unit4 Cyberspace L3 Virtual Reality课文翻译及注释

Unit4 Cyberspace Lesson3 Virtual Reality
Tom: Hi, Cathy. What are you up to this weekend?
Cathy:Don’t ask, Tom. I have lots of work to do. If I don’t finish my
project on the history of the Internet for next Monday’s lesson, the science
teacher will be angry. What about you? Do you have anything planned for
Saturday and Sunday?
Tom: It depends on the weather. If it’s good, Dad, Mum and I will probably
go camping. But we won’t go if it rains. Hey, if I stay home, I’ll help you
with your project if you like.
Cathy: Thanks for the offer. Tom, can you suggest any good books for my project? If you tell me some title s, I’ll look for them in the library.
Tom: Use the library computer. If you go to the Science Museum website, you’ll find lots of good information. I’ll send you the website address when I get home.
Cathy: Thanks. Just think, if we had virtual reality holidays, we wouldn’t have any problems with the weather. What’s more, we wouldn’t have to spend a long time travelling on planes to get to our holiday destination s.
Tom: What do you mean?
Cathy: Well, in the future, we’ll be able to use modern technology to go
anywhere we like. We won’t have to go there in the flesh at all! Wouldn’t
that be great? I feel excited just thinking about it.
Tom: I don’t understand. Cathy, do you mean we’ll use the computer to travel around the world, entering and exit ing countries in seconds and visiting all the historical site s?
Cathy: That’s right! Just imagine never having to pack a suitcase! We would not only be able to travel around the world, but also go to study in any world famous universities we wanted to. Tom: That could be really exciting! But I still find it hard to imagine. You would see it but you couldn’t dip your toe s in the sea or eat the foods you saw. You would not experience it.
Cathy: Well, if they invented virtual reality holidays, I’d go on an around-the-world tour. Tom, what would you like to do if someone gave you the chance?
Tom: I don’t really know. Personally, I’m more interested in virtual
universities than virtual reality holidays. I’d like to go to a world-famous
university, like Stanford. But I guess, a virtual university just wouldn’t be the
same, would it?
Cathy: True, but just think--you would be able to study in such a world-famous university without going out of your room.
参考译文：虚拟现实
汤姆：你好，凯西。

这个周末你打算做什么？
凯西：别问了，汤姆。

我有很多事要做。

如果我没有完成下星期一课上要求的关于互联网历史的课题，老师会生气的。

你呢？你周六和周日准备做什么？
汤姆：这取决于天气。

如果天气好的话，爸爸，妈妈和我可能会去野营。

但如果下雨我们就不去。

嘿，如果我呆在家里的话，你若愿意我可以帮你完成课题。

凯西：谢谢你的帮助。

汤姆，你能为我的课题推荐一些好书吗？你告诉我一些书名，我去图书馆找一下。

汤姆：使用图书馆电脑，如果你登录科学博物馆网站，将会找到许多好信息。

我回家后会把网址发给你。

凯西：谢谢。

试想，如果我们有了虚拟现实假日，我们就不会受天气影响了。

更重要的是，我们也不必在去目的地的飞机上耽误时间了。

汤姆：你是说？
凯西：将来，我们可以运用现代技术去任何我们想去的地方。

我们将无须亲身前往！那不是很好吗？一想到这我就觉得很兴奋。

汤姆：我不明白。

凯西，你的意思是我们可以使用电脑环游世界，分秒间出入国境并参观所有历史古迹? 凯西：没错！设想再也不必收拾行李啦！我们不仅能环游世界，而且还可以去任何我们想去的世界著名大学学习。

汤姆：那可能是很激动人心的事！但我仍然觉得难以想象。

你能观赏，但你不能把脚指浸到海水中，也不能享用你见到的食物，你将无法体验它。

凯西：如果他们发明了虚拟现实假日，我将会参加一个环球旅行。

汤姆，如果你有这个机会你会怎么做? 汤姆：我真的不知道。

就我个人而言，我对虚拟大学比虚拟假日更感兴趣。

我想去世界著名的大学，如斯坦福大学。

但是我想，虚拟大学与真实大学还是不同的，对吗？
凯西：是的，但是想想吧——足不出户就可以在这样一所世界知名的大学里学习！
Notes to the text:
1.I have lots of work to do．我有许多工作要做。

【句式分析】本句中动词不定式to do作lots of work的定语，与lots of work构成逻辑上的动宾关系；
同时句子的主语I又是to do动作的执行者，所以动词不定式用主动形式表达被动含义。

【拓展】动词不定式（短语）的主动形式表示被动含义的用法：
⑴当动词不定式（短语）与最近的名词／代词有逻上的动宾关系，且与句中另一名词／代词有逻辑
上的主谓关系时，动词不定式（短语）用主动形式表达被动含义。

①Have you got anything to say for yourself before you end this meeting?
结束这个会议之前你还有什么要为自己说的吗？
②Would you bring me a chair to sit on?你给我拿把椅子来坐，好吗？
【点津】A) 用作定语的动词不定式短语为“动词+介词”结构时，介词通常不能省略。

①A desk to write on一张可在上面写字的桌子②A nice man to work with 一个好共事的人
B) 如果动词不定式短语所修饰的是名词time, place或way时，动词不定式短语后的介词可以省略。

I have no place to live (in) .我没有地方住。

C) 以下两句都正确，注意区别。

①I have a letter to post.我有一封信要邮。

（是指主语“我”去邮）
②I have a letter to be posted.我有一封信要邮。

（是指让别人邮）
⑵某些在形容词后作状语的动词不定式（短语），要用主动形式表示被动含义。

这类常见的形容词
有：difficult, easy, heavy, light, hard, interesting, comfortable, soft等。

①Its fur is soft to touch.它的毛摸起来很柔软。

②The chair is very comfortable to sit on.这把椅子坐上去很舒服。

⑶ there be句型中动词不定式（短语）修饰主语时，用主动式或被动式均可。

①There are six letters to write/to be written today.今天有6封信要写。

②There is nothing to fear/to be feared.没有什么可怕的。

【点津】该类句子中如果动词不定式（短语）有逻辑主语，则只用主动语态。

There is nothing for me to do today.今天我没有什么事可做。

⑷ to let，to blame等动词不定式一般只用主动语态。

①The house is to let.这套房子要出租。

②I felt I was to blame for this bicycle accident.我感觉这次自行车事故责任在我。

⑸ with复合结构中用主动形式表示被动意义，主句的主语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。

With lots of homework to do,l have to stay home all day.有很多作业要做，我只好一整天都呆在家里。

2.Do you have anything planned for Saturday and Sunday？你周六和周日计划做什么？
【句式分析】本句中的have不是使役动词(“使，让”)，而是实义动词“有”的意思，planned for Saturday and Sunday是过去分词短语作定语，修饰宾语anything，表示与修饰词anything有被动关系。

Eg: I have a pen made in the 1960s.我有一个造于20世纪60年代的钢笔。

【拓展】have作“有”讲时，其宾语后也可接带to的不定式作定语，主动形式表示被动含义。

①Do you have anything to eat？I’m hungry now.你有吃的东西吗？我现在饿了。

②I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.今天下午我有许多事要做。

3.depend on依靠；信赖；依据…而定；指望
①All living things depend on the sun for their growth.万物生长靠太阳。

②Your salary depends on your efforts. 你的工资依据你的努力。

③You can’t depend on him to come on time.你不能指望他按时来。

④You may depend on it that they will support you.你相信好了，他们会支持你的。

⑤Depend on it, he will bring you what you need most.请放心，他会带给你最需要的。

拓展：depend on sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事depend on sb./sb.’s doing sth.指望某人做某事depend on it that依靠…，指望…
depend on it请放心，没问题(句首或句末)
That (all) depends = It (all) depends 视情况而定，要看情况而定
4.help (sb.) with sth. 帮某人做某事，=help (sb.) to do sth. 不定式符号to可以省略。

My sister often helps me with my home work at home.我姐姐在家通常帮助我做家庭作业。

=My sister often helps me (to) do my home work at home.
【拓展】help sb.out (of trouble)帮助(某人)解决困难help oneself to随意取用/取食
cannot help (doing)不禁，忍不住，不得不cannot help to do sth.不能帮助做某事
5.suggest vt. 提议，建议
①She suggested an early start.她建议早一点出发。

②I suggested putting off the sports meeting.我建议将运动会延期。

③What will you suggest to the boss? 你对老板有什么建议？
④We suggested that he ( should) go and make an apology to his teacher.我们建议他去向他的老师道歉。

【归纳】suggest (one’s) doing sth.建议（某人）做某事
suggest sth. to sb.向某人提议某事suggest that (should) do…（虚拟语气）建议…
【拓展】suggest vt.暗示；表明，使想到，使认为。

若后跟的从句，谓语动词用陈述语气。

①His pale face suggests that he is ill.他面色苍白，说明他病了。

②Her appearance suggests that she is living a happy life.她的样子显示出她生活得很幸福。

③Are you suggesting my husband’s been drinking?你言下之意是说我丈夫一直在喝酒吗？
【语境串记】Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill, and her parents suggested that she (should) have a medical examination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一下医学检查。

6.what’s more而且，此外(多用作插入语)。

相当于besides, in addition。

Eg: The engine broke down halfway, what’s more, the bad weather added to their hopelessness.
发动机半途中坏了，而且，恶劣的天气又增加了他们的无望。

【拓展】what’s worse 更糟糕的是What/ how about ….? …怎么样? …好不好?
What if 要是…该怎么办What for？为什么？So what? =what of it? 那又怎么样？
①I'm walking in the mud,what is worse,it begins to rain again.
我正走在泥泞的路上，更糟的是，天又开始下雨了。

②What if he gets angry? 如果他生气怎么办？③How/What about going fishing? 去钓鱼怎么样？
④When did you start this blog and what for? 您什么时候开始开设这个博客?目的是什么?
⑤“He says he doesn't like you.” “So what?” “他说他不喜欢你。

”“那又怎么样呢?”
7.in the flesh 本人，亲自，活生生
①The letter is very important and you should deliver it to your uncle in the flesh.
这封信很重要，你应该亲自把它送到你叔叔那儿。

②It is quite a thrill to see a real star in the flesh.看见电影明星本人是一件令人十分兴奋的事。

③He is more handsome in the flesh than in his photographs.他本人比相片好看。

④You say she wasn’t there, but I saw her in the flesh.你说她不在那里，可是我看到她本人了。

【补充】flesh n. 肉，肉体eg: The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.心有余，而力不足。

8.historical adj.历史上的，与历史有关的。

①He is fond of historical plays.他喜欢历史剧。

②Do you know the historical background of the war? 你知道这次战争的历史背景吗？
③The French Revolution was of great historical importance.法国革命具有重要的历史意义。

【拓展】historic adj.具有历史意义的，重要的
Eg: The historic battle changed the fate of two nations. 这场历史上著名的战役改变了两个民族的命运。

【区别】a historical site 历史遗址 a historical story历史故事
a historic occasion具有历史意义的时刻 a historic spot 具有历史意义的地点
9.pack v. 收拾（行李），装（箱）；包装，包裹
①I want to go to Shanghai, so I pack my luggage.我想要去上海，所以我收拾行李。

②Let’s pack up the dinner and take them home.让我们把晚餐打包带回家吧。

【搭配】pack sth. into…( = pack…with sth. )把某物装pack into挤进，使…爆满
pack up打包，收拾行装pack away将…收拾起来
①He packed his clothes into a suitcase.=He packed a suitcase with his clothes.他把衣服装进了手提箱里。

②Pack away your books,children. It’s time for break.孩子们，把你们的书收起来，课间休息时间到了。

10.imagine vt.想像，设想；猜想，猜测；认为
①I can hardly imagine living alone on the island. 我几乎不能想象孤单一人生活在岛屿上。

②I can’t imagi ne him saying that!我难以想象他竞那么说！
③Can you imagine what he is doing now?你能猜测他正在干什么吗？
④Just imagine how happy he was! 想一想，他多么幸福呢！
⑤I can’t imagine the baby left alone at home.我无法想象单独把婴儿留在家里。

⑥Don’ t imagine yourself to be always correct.不要以为自己总是对的。

⑦What do you imagine he will bring us?你认为他会给我们带来什么？
【点津】⑴imagine( sb./sb.’s) doing 想象（某人）做某事。

如句①②
⑵ imagine后接宾语从句。

如句③④
⑶ imagine后接复合宾语，宾补可由名词、to be短语、介词短语、过去分词等充当。

如句⑤⑥
⑷“wh- 疑问词+ do you imagine…?”意为“你认为…？”（句中的imagine也可换用think, suppose，
believe, expect等词）。

如句⑦
⑸当imagine后接宾语从句为否定意义时，否定词要提前到主句的谓语位置，即否定转移，类似用法
的动词还有think, believe, suppose, expect等。

①I don’t imagine that he will come to see us.我认为他不会来看望我们。

②I don’t imagine that they’ll agree. 我认为他们不会同意。

Grammar summary
Conditionals (条件句)
一、Zero Conditional (真实条件句1)
描述一件事总是紧跟另一件事发生的规律和情景。

①If you freeze water, it turns to ice.如果你冻水的话，它就会变成冰。

②If you are kind to others, they are kind to you.如果你对别人好，别人就对你好。

③If you eat a tot of chocolate, you put on weight.如果你吃许多巧克力，你会发胖的。

二、First Conditional (真实条件句2)
1. 谈论依据其它将来事件将来可能发生的事。

①If the rain stops, the match will begin.如果雨停了，比赛将开始。

②If he invites me, l will go to his birthday party.如果他邀请我，我就去参加他的生日聚会。

③If people don’t stop polluting the air, animals and plants will soon die.
如果人们继续污染空气，动植物不久将死亡。

2. 给某人提建议或命令某人做某事，及提出建议或请求。

①If you feel steepy, go to bed. 如果你觉得困了，就去睡觉。

②If she comes, phone me. 如果她来了，打电话给我。

③If you want an interesting day out, visit the Soence Museum.
如果你想在外度过有趣的一天，就去参观科学博物馆。

3. 真实条件句除了if引导外，还可以用unless (除非)和as/so long as (只要)等引导。

①Unless some extra money is found, the company will close.要不是额外弄点钱，这家公司就关闭了。

②As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe.只要你小心开车，就会很安全。

三、Second Conditional (虚拟条件句1)
1. 如果表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小，要用虚拟条件句。

其主从句都用虚拟语气。

具体结构见下表：
①If I knew his telephone number,l would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

②If I were you,l would not be so proud.如果我是你的话，我不会如此骄傲。

③If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他听从我的劝告的话，他就不会犯这样的错误了。

④If I had got there earlier, I would have met her. 如果我早点到那儿的话，我就会见到她了。

⑤If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不去滑冰。

⑥If she should come, I would tell her about the matter.如果她来的话，我就会告诉她这件事情的始末。

2. 虚拟条件句的几种特殊情况
⑴省略if的虚拟条件句。

虚拟条件句中，如果有were，had，should时，if可省略，但要把were，had
或should提到句首，变为倒装句式。

①If I were at school again, l would study harder.
→Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我重新回到学校，我会更努力学习的。

②If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.
→Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus. 如果你早点来，你就会赶上公共汽车的。

③If it should happen, what would you do?
→Should it happen, what would you do? 如果真发生这样的事，你怎么办呢？
⑵错综时间条件句。

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，称为错综时间条件句，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所发生的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。

①If you had not studied the problem carefully, you would have difficulty now.
如果你当初没有认真研究这个问题，现在你就会遇到困难。

②She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense.
如果她有一些常识的话，她就绝不会像那样做了。

⑶含蓄条件句。

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，不出现if条件句，而是以介词短语、并列句、副词、非谓语动词的形式出现，这种句子我们称为“含蓄条件句”。

常见的介词（短语）有without…（没有…），but for…（要不是…）；连词有but（但是），or(不然)；副词有otherwise (否则的话)。

①But for the meeting, I would have gone home at six.要不是开会，我6点就回家了。

（介词短语）
②He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.
他昨天感觉很累，不然他就参加那个聚会了。

(连词)
③We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help.
没有你的帮助，我们就不能提前完成工作。

（介词）
④I was too busy at that time. Otherwise, I would have called you.我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。