自考综合英语ppt课件
自考0794综合英语(一)课程讲义全下册Lesson14
Lesson FourteenThe Outside Chance一、词汇outside adj. 极小的（可能性、机会等）quote v. 引证，引述[kw]rainy adj. 下雨的,多雨的windycloudysandymechanic n.技工，机修工garage n. 汽车修理厂（或兼加油站）；车房，车库restless adj.不安分的，坐立不安的mum n.（口语）妈妈council house n.（英国市、郡等统建的便宜的）公寓或房屋pension n.养老金；退休金；抚恤金tube n.（英）地铁subway美式地铁tube英式地铁gap n.（时音或空间的）间断，空白；差距；裂缝generationgapjump n. 跳，跳跃my God interj. 天哪winner n. 获胜的人或马等outsider n.（赛马中）不看好的马bet v.&n. 赌博，打赌；赌注，赌金draw v.（从银行）取款lay v. 押（赌注），赌（钱等）suspicious adj.（对……）起疑心的，可疑的notice n. 辞职书；通知，预告announcer n. 播音员，广播员explosion n.爆炸explodeexplosionup adv. 在北方，在高处enquiry n. 调查，查询stop press n.（英）（报纸付印时留出的）最新的消息栏bloody adj. （英俚）该死的swim v.似在旋转，似在摇晃better off adj 经济情况好转的well offdamn adv.（口语）非常二、课文分析1 It’s a funny thing about money. If you haven’t got it, you think it’s the most important thing in the world. That’s what I used to think, too. I don’t any more, thought, and I learned the hard way.钱这个东西真是很捉弄人。
自考0794综合英语(一)课程讲义全下册Lesson16
Lesson Sixteen The Letter “A”(II)一、词汇intelligence n. 智力，理解力apparent adj. 明显的toe n. （人的）脚趾（finger 手指）kitchen n. 厨房imprison v. 禁锢，限制imprisonment n. 禁锢，限制long v. 渴望reward v. 报答，回报open adj. 无遮掩的triumph n. 胜利，成功uncertainty n. 不确定，不明确inside adv. 在里面glow n. 不刺眼的光，柔和的光giant adj. 巨人般的，特大的sum n. 算术题；运算，计算slate n. （旧时学童用的书写工具）石板prop v. 支撑slender adj. 细长的，纤细的vivid adj. （指光线或颜色）鲜艳的，鲜明的fascinate v. 使（某人）着迷或极感兴趣puzzle n. 令人费解的事（或人）useless adj. 无用的impolitely adv. 不礼貌的，粗鲁的impulse n. 冲动，一时的念头scribble n. 潦草的字迹，乱写或乱画的东西dazed adj. 茫然的surprised adj. 感到惊讶的，感到惊奇的aware adj. 意识到，觉察到stir v. （微微地）动；活动；摇晃midway adv. 在中途，在中间tension n. （精神上的）紧张，不安grip （gripped, gripped） v. 紧抓，紧握kneel （knelt, knelt） v. 跪下choke v. （使）难以呼吸deliberately adv. 不慌不忙地，从容不迫地；故意地freeze （froze, frozen） v. 使（人）呆住不动的immobile adj. 静止的，不能移动的stillness n. 平静，沉默profound adj. 深的，极度的ticking n. （指钟等发出）滴答声hiss n. 嘶嘶声crackle n. 爆裂声，噼啪声open adj. 敞开的stab n. 戳，捅stiffen v. 使变挺stump n. 残余部分，残段fingernail n. 手指甲pierce v. 刺入，刺破lower lip n. 下嘴唇（upper lip 上嘴唇）shaky adj. 不稳固的，摇晃的awkward adj. 难看的，不雅观的uneven adj. 不平衡的，参差不齐的lasting adj. 持久的，永久的written word n. 文字scrawl v. 潦草地写，乱写，乱画，乱涂key n. 门路；秘诀；（解决问题的）线索二、课文分析The Letter “A”1 I was now five, and still I showed no real sign of intelligence, I showed no apparent interest in things except for my toes – more especially those on my left foot. I used to lie on my back all the time in the kitchen or ,on bright warm days ,out in the garden ,surrounded by a family that loved me and hoped for me and that made me part of it. I was lonely, imprisoned in a world of my own ,unable to communicate with others, cut off, separated from them as though a glass wall stood between my existence and theirs, I longed to run about and play with the rest, but I was unable to break loose from my imprisonment.我现在已经满五岁了，但是仍然没有表现出有任何智力，除了我的脚趾头，尤其是我左脚的脚趾头。
高等教育自学考试课件-讲义
3. A. reliable 4. A. do 5. A. irrational 6. A. as
B. comfortable B. go B. insincere B. only
C. available C. manage C. irresponsible C. but
D. noticeable D. succeed D. insensitive D. yet
【基础精讲】综合英语二/第六次课 完型填空一
If the mother's body is not 3 , a chair or some other piece of solid furniture will 4. If the stranger insists on coming closer, then the peeking face must be hidden too. If the 5 intruder continues approach despite these obvious signals of fear. Then there is nothing for it 6 to scream or flee.
综合英语教程1Unit1ppt课件
Book 1-Unit 1
Greeting People You See Less Frequently
Neutral Informal
Greeting people you have Greeting people you have met several times before met once before
could say it’s been nice to catch up) • Well, I’m going to have to go but it’s been great to
catch up. • Nice to catch up with you again and I’ll see you soon!
Hello. Hi. (Good) morning. (Good) afternoon.
Follow-up Inquiry
How are you? How are you doing? How are things?/How have things been? Is everything okay/all right?
WWhhaatt ccaann II ddoo ffoorr yyoouu??
ah. JGuosotdsom-soor.ning/afternoon/evening. bg. HFienlelo,!t/hHain! ks. And you? cj.. HNowt bdaod.you do? db. QFiuniet,etwhaenllk, tsh. Aannkds.you? ed.. WQuonitdeewrfeulll,. tThhainnkgss. couldn’t be better. fa..NJuotsht isnog-smo.u/cc.hN. ot bad. ge. WHeolnlod!e/Hrfiu!l. Things couldn’t be better. hf..NGootohdinmg omruncinhg. /afternoon/evening IY. eYse.sI.’Id’dliklieketotofinfidndouotu…t … J. How do you do?
自考0794综合英语(一)课程讲义全下册Lesson12
For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial useLesson TwelveI Got My B.A by Sheer Luck一、词汇B.A. （Bachelor of Arts的缩写）（文科）学士B.S. （Bachelor of Science的缩写）（理科）学士master 硕士 M.A. 文科硕士M.S. 理科硕士Bachelor 单身汉Sheer adj. 全然的，纯粹的Egyptian adj. 埃及的Egypt n. 埃及percentage n. 百分比frightening adj. 令人惊吓的pace n. 速度lucky adj. 幸运的survival n. 幸存,生存；生还survive v.幸存grade n. （考试或作业的）分数disgraceful adj. 丢脸的，不光彩的grace （风度）优雅graceful 优雅的work v. （计划等）顺利进行imitate v. 模仿，仿效recite v. 背诵presentation n. 叙述，陈述；讲课，报告transitional adj. 转变的，转折的，过渡的minor adj. 次要的，较小的topic n. （章节、段落等）标题；主题subtopic n.小标题，副标题；要点subway 地铁intellectual adj. 智力的，思维力的inferiority n. 劣等，劣势；低劣inferior to 不如。
I am inferior to you. 我不如你。
flip v. 迅速地翻（书页等）textbook n. 课本，教科书chapter n. （书等的）章、篇、回religion n. 宗教（信仰）assigned adj. 指定的jot v. 匆匆记下point n. （表示事项的）点，条，项summary adj. 摘要，总结，梗概；概要的issue n. 问题，议题，争议点master v. 掌握，精通compose v. 写；作（诗等）；作曲composer 作曲家correct v. 改正，纠正，修正accurately adv. 准确地take (notes) v. 记（笔记）campus n. （大学或学院的）校园on campus 在校园里underestimate v. 低估hysterical adj. 歇斯底里的，情绪异常激动的expected adj. 预期的，预料的plus adj. （学科评分）高于。
自考英语二PPT
• The police have sufficient evidence to connect the suspect with the explosion 警察有充足的证明该嫌疑犯 与爆炸案有关
• 7 Integrate v 使 合并;成为一体 • We must integrate theory with practice 我们必须
部分
名称
I
阅读判断
II
阅读选择
III
概括段落大意和补全句 子
IV
填句补文
V
填词补文
VI
完型补文
题号 110 1115 1625 2630 3140 4150
VII
短文写作
题量 10 5 10 5 10 10
1
分值 10 10 10 10 15 15
30
New Words & Expressions
• The students in your class are more hardworking than those in his class
• The values of the young people differ from those of their elders
• 16 subject n 主题；题目；题材 • 17 consistent adj 相符的；符合的 • 18 inconsistency n 不一致 • 19 assumption n 假定；假设 • 20 case n 具体情况；事例 • in case • in case of fire • in case that… • a case in point • confirmed/suspected cases
自考综合英语二lesson2上册专题培训课件
◆ Consequently, bereft of cultural heroes, we have latched onto cultural icons — media superstars such as actors, actresses, sports celebrities, television personalities,
可是有人说，我们的时代是很难出现真正英雄的时代，英 雄主义这一概念本身我们就很难理解——它已经成为历史。
ours：是名词性代词，作为宾语从句的主语。 where引出两个定语从句，修饰an age。 come by：找到
be beyond sb ：为某人所不能理解；对某人来说太难。
◆ Yet, some people say that we are living in a new age .In this age heroes and heroines are rare, and heroism is only something people admire but do not practice. Heroic and noble conduct is a thing of the past.
◆ and people who are simply famous for being famous.
◆ 仅仅因为有名而成名的那些人。
◆ who are well-known just because they are frequently seen in public, so that a lot of people know them or know about them (not because they possess unusually fine qualities or because they have made great contributions to society).
自考0794综合英语(一)课程讲义全下册Lesson15
Lesson Fifteen The Letter“A”(I)一、词汇1.（Word List）单词army(n.) 大批，大群（人、动物等）relation（n.）亲戚，亲属relative 亲戚queue（v.）排队等候queue for the concert tickets 排队买音乐会票jump the queue 插队the small hours（n.）深夜（午夜刚过一段时间）pray（v.）祈祷，祷告anxiously（adv.）忧虑地，担心地backwards(或backward)（adv.）向后steady（adj.）稳定的；稳固的steadily（adv.）warning（adj.&n.）警告的；警告defect（n.）缺陷，毛病defective（adj.）有缺陷的，有毛病的clench（v.）紧握（拳等），咬紧（牙关）clench the fist 紧握拳头clenched（adj）紧握的jaw（n.）颌，下巴lock（v.）扣在一起；使…..扣在一起loose（adj.）松动的，松开的loosen（v.）使松开loosen your shoes tie. 把你的鞋带松开mountain（n.）大量，大堆a mountain of 堆积如山的definitely（adv.）肯定地case（n.）病例；病人；案例mentally（adv.）智力上地；精神上地assure（v.）使（某人）确信inevitable（adj.）不可避免的，必然发生的scrap（n.）少量，一点儿conviction（n.）确信，信念cripple（v.）使残废dull（adj.）迟钝的，呆笨的incapable（adj.）无…..能力的kindly（adv.）仁慈地，慈爱地，和蔼地sympathetically（adv.）有同情心地，满怀同情地sympathy n. 有同情心sympathetic 有同情心的luckily（adv.）幸运地idiot（n.）白痴，傻子，笨蛋rigid（adj.）顽固的，不通融的helpless（daj）不能自立的，需要人帮助的，无助的newly（n.）新近地，重新地bricklaying（n.）砌砖patiently （adv.）耐心地penetrate（v.）渗透，透过heartbreaking（adj.）令人伤心的vague（adj.）模糊不清的，朦胧的faint（adj.）微弱的，模糊的gurgle（n.）咯咯声inert（adj.）无活动能力的motionless（adj.）不动的，静止的wild（adj.）乱糟糟的，杂乱的stiff（adj.）僵直的，硬的snakelike（adj.）像蛇一般的twitch（v.）抽动，抽搐shoot（v.）伸出queer（adj.）奇怪的，古怪的crooked（adj.）弯曲的，歪扭的hopefully（adv.）怀有希望地；有希望地grasp（v.）抓住curl（n.）一绺发clutch（v.）紧抓，紧握home（n.）疗养院，收容所二、课文解析I was born in the Rotunda Hospital, on June 5th,1932. Mine was a difficult birth, I am told. Both mother and son almost died. A whole army of relations queued up outside the hospital until the small hours of the morning ,waiting for news and praying anxiously that it would be good.某人出在哪里：I was/were born in……出生在哪一天：was/were on…….mine= my birthMine was a difficult birth, I am told.译：家里人对我说，我出生时，是难产。
自考0794综合英语（一）课程讲义全上册Lesson13
Lesson Thirteen Hobbyist打印本页一、词汇hobby n. （业余）爱好，嗜好（不包括阅读等）hobbyist n. 有某种癖好者rumor n. 传闻，传言，谣言absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地druggist n. 药商，药剂师drugstore n. 药房completely adv. 完全地，彻底地undetectable adj. 觉察不到的，发现不了的detect v. 侦察，觉察detectable adj. 觉察到的反义词：undetectabledetective n. 私人侦探poison n. 毒药，毒物poisonous adj. 有毒的doorway n. 门口break n. 休息时间ring v. 充满be ringed with 被…….装满coffee-pot n. 咖啡壶motion v. 用动作或手势示意motion sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事upraise v. 抬起，抬高convince v. 使信服，说服；使确信deserve v. 值得，应得shrug v. 耸肩briefly adv. 简短地freely adv. 免费地case n. 事例，实例murderer n. 凶手，杀人犯murder v. 杀人antidote n. 解毒药，解毒剂possibility n. 可能性double-cross n. 欺骗行为，出卖行为blackmail n. 敲诈，勒索pistol n. 手枪chuckle n. 低声地笑，自笑deadly adj. 致命的bluff v. 虚张声势，吓唬人growl v. 咆哮，发火reasonable adj. 合理的，有理由的wallet n. 钱包confession n. 自白，供认，承认intension n. 目的，意图，打算intend to do sth. 打算做某事former adj. 以前的formal 正式的evidence n. 证据二、课文分析" I heard a rumor," Sangstrom said, " that you－" He turned his head and looked about him to make absolutely sure that he and the druggist were alone in the tiny drugstore. The druggist was a little man who could have been any age from fifty to a hundred. They were alone, but Sangstrom dropped his voice just the same. "－that you have a completely undetectable poison."1."I heard a rumor,"Sangstrom said,"that you－"He turned his head and looked about him to make absolutely sure that he and the druggist were alone in the tiny drugstore.look about 四处看alone: 只有一人，但不一定感到寂寞lonely adj. 孤独的翻译：“我听到一个谣言，说你--”他转过头向四周看了看，来绝对确认这个小药房里只有他和这位药剂师。
自考0794综合英语(一)课程讲义全下册Lesson13
Lesson ThirteenFreedom in Dying一、词汇1.dying n.动词是die；过去式died；过去分词died ；dead adj. 其中ea [e]；death n.deadly adj. 致命的；dying 一方面可以作为die动词的现在分词，意为某人正在死亡；另一方面，可作为形容词，意为垂死的。
“过逝”在英文中一般为pass away.英文中还有一种表示某人死了，"kick the bucket".2.concerning prep. 关于3.concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的4.handle v. 处理，应付do with = deal with 处理，应付5.life n. 活力，活跃6.witty adj. 诙谐的，风趣的7.actively adv. 积极地，活跃地8.questioning adj. 好问的9.major n. 主修某专业的学生minor 次要的I am an English major.You are major in chemistry(化学)j10.bright adj. 机灵的，伶俐的，聪明的11.illness n. 疾病 develop an illness 患疾病12.lump n. 肿块，瘤，疖子13.undergo v. 经受，经历14.surgery n. 手术15.cancer n. 癌，恶性肿瘤16.tumor n. 肿瘤17.treatment n. 治疗18.steadily adv. 持续地，不断地；稳定地，坚定地19.remarkable adj. 不寻常地，非凡的20.face v. 正视，（勇敢地）面对21.seminar n. 研讨会forum 论坛22.reviewer n. 评论家，书评作者ment v. 评论，发表意见24.retain v. 保留，保持，仍然有remain maintain 保留25.enduring adj. 持久的，不朽的26.extreme adj. 极度的，极端的27.critical adj. 决定性的，关键性的，重大的28.dock n. 船埠，码头29.agony n. (精神或肉体的)极大痛苦a30.chemical adj. 化学的；化学性的31.prolong v. 延长，延伸32.fully adv. 充分地fully的词根是full33. bedridden adj. 卧病不起的34.luxury n. 享受；满足；乐事；奢侈35.surrounding n. 环境，周围的事物36.guitar n. 吉它37.deny v. 否认，否定refuse to do 拒绝做某事deny doing否认做某事38.unfinished adj. 未完成的，未结束的39.business n. 任务；事业；工作40.cremation n. 火化，火葬41.reflect v. 反映；表现；反射42.dignity n. 尊严，尊贵43.sharpness n. 敏锐，机智44.grieve v. 悲伤，悲叹45.enjoy v. 享受……的乐趣；欣赏plain v. 抱怨，诉苦；投诉complain about sth. 抱怨什么东西47.rarely adv. 很少，难得48.despite prep. 尽管49.constant adj. 持续不断的，接连不断的50.continually adv. 一再地，反复地51.willingness n. 心甘情愿，愿意52.honor v. 履行，使……付诸实现；给予（某人）荣誉53.belief n. 信念，信仰believe in 对……信仰54. differ v. 与……不同名词different形容词difference55.independence n. 独立，自主56.acceptance n. 接受57.openly adv. 坦率地，公开地58.mourn v. 悲叹；哀悼59.object v. 反对；讨厌object to doing sth. 反对做某事60.helpessness n. 无可奈何；无能为力61.oncoming adj. 即将来临的，临近的62.significant adj. 有含义的；意味深长的63.style n. 作风；风格；方式64.evaluate v. 评价二、课文分析Freedom in Dying1.The process of dying involves fewer and fewer choices available to us. Even in dying, however, we still have choices concerning how we handle what is happening to us. The following account deals with the dying of Jim Morelock, a student and close friend of mine.人快要死的时候，选择的余地越来越少。
自考综合英语一课程讲义全下册
LessonElevenTheEmotionalBankAccount-SecretsofHappyFamilies一、词汇WordListemotionaladj.感情�上�的�情绪�上�的bankaccountn.银行账户financialadj.金融的�财政的financialtools财政工具depositn.存款withdrawaln.提款actionn.行动�行为buildv.�逐渐�增加�增强withdrawaln.提款发音�decreasev.减少increase增加balancen.余额communicationn.交流�交际openadj.坦诚的cultivatev.培养�养成kindnessv.亲切awakeadj.(一般作表语)醒着的wakeup醒来过去式�woke/过去分词�wokenalive活着的daddyn.�=dad�(口语)爸爸unconditionaladj.无条件的�不受�条件�制约的impactn.影响�作用unexpectedadj.没有料到的�意外的briefcasen.公文包earnv.获得�挣得capacityn.能力�才能capable有能力的�能干的becapableofdoing有能力做某事initiatev.使……开始�开始�着手sweetheartn.�夫妻之间或对孩子等的爱称�亲爱的�宝贝儿incrediblyadv.难以置信地loyaladj.忠诚的loyaltyn.忠诚beloyalto对谁忠诚nexttoprep.次于�居于……之后unawareadj.未意识到的�未觉察到的weaknessn.弱点�缺点ratheradv.更确切地说positiveadj.正面的�积极的�肯定的negative否定的thepositiven.值得肯定的地方overhearn.无意中听到�偷听到annoyv.使恼怒�使烦恼principlen.原则inprinciple原则上类似�principal首要的shiftv.转移defendv.维护�保护recallv.回想起�回忆起cabn.�美�出租汽车dragv.�时间�缓慢地流逝influentialadj.有势力的�有影响力的词根�influencen.acquaintancen.熟人ultimateadj.最终的�最后的channeln.途径,频道�海峡cleansev.使纯净obstaclen.障碍�物�consciencen.良心�道德心justifyv.证明�言语、行为等�正当、合理或公正�为……辩护miraclen.奇迹bamboon.竹子shootn.竹笋�嫩芽reachv.达到�到达dramaticadj.戏剧性的�重大的�戏剧的词根�drama形容词�dramaticgrowthn.生长supportn.支撑�支持二、课文分析1Theemotionalbankaccountislikeafinancialbankaccountinoneway:youcan make"deposits"-actionsthatbuildtrust-oryoucanmake"withdrawals"thatdecreaseit.感情银行储蓄和金融银行储蓄在一个方面是相似的�那就是你既可"存款"即做增加信任的举动�也可以"取款"�即做消弱信任的举动。
自考0794综合英语（一）课程讲义全下册Lesson11
自考0794综合英语（一）课程讲义全下册Lesson11LessonElevenTheEmotionalBankAccount-SecretsofHappyFamilies一、词汇WordListemotionaladj.感情?上?的?情绪?上?的bankaccountn.银行账户financialadj.金融的?财政的financialtools财政工具depositn.存款withdrawaln.提款actionn.行动?行为buildv.?逐渐?增加?增强withdrawaln.提款发音?decreasev.减少increase增加balancen.余额communicationn.交流?交际openadj.坦诚的cultivatev.培养?养成kindnessv.亲切awakeadj.(一般作表语)醒着的wakeup醒来过去式?woke/过去分词?wokenalive活着的daddyn.?=dad?(口语)爸爸unconditionaladj.无条件的?不受?条件?制约的impactn.影响?作用unexpectedadj.没有料到的?意外的briefcasen.公文包earnv.获得?挣得capacityn.能力?才能capable有能力的?能干的becapableofdoing有能力做某事initiatev.使……开始?开始?着手sweetheartn.?夫妻之间或对孩子等的爱称?亲爱的?宝贝儿incrediblyadv.难以置信地loyaladj.忠诚的loyaltyn.忠诚beloyalto对谁忠诚nexttoprep.次于?居于……之后unawareadj.未意识到的?未觉察到的weaknessn.弱点?缺点ratheradv.更确切地说positiveadj.正面的?积极的?肯定的negative否定的thepositiven.值得肯定的地方overhearn.无意中听到?偷听到annoyv.使恼怒?使烦恼principlen.原则inprinciple原则上类似?principal首要的shiftv.转移defendv.维护?保护recallv.回想起?回忆起cabn.?美?出租汽车dragv.?时间?缓慢地流逝influentialadj.有势力的?有影响力的词根?influencen.acquaintancen.熟人ultimateadj.最终的?最后的channeln.途径,频道?海峡cleansev.使纯净obstaclen.障碍?物?consciencen.良心?道德心justifyv.证明?言语、行为等?正当、合理或公正?为……辩护miraclen.奇迹bamboon.竹子shootn.竹笋?嫩芽reachv.达到?到达dramaticadj.戏剧性的?重大的?戏剧的词根?drama形容词?dramaticgrowthn.生长supportn.支撑?支持二、课文分析1Theemotionalbankaccountislikeafinancialbankaccountinon eway:youcan make"deposits"-actionsthatbuildtrust-oryoucanmake"withdrawals"thatdecreaseit.感情银行储蓄和金融银行储蓄在一个方面是相似的?那就是你既可"存款"即做增加信任的举动?也可以"取款"?即做消弱信任的举动。
大学英语自考英语二英语时态与语态集锦课件演示版.ppt
• 8. 过去进展时(was/ were doing) • 用法：
• A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。 • 例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.〔10分钟前，玛丽正在听
.。
2
• 4. 现在完成进展时(have been doing)
• 用法：表示某一动作开场于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续 延续至将来。
• 例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.〔到目前为止， 我们一直在处理那个工程，已经花了一个多月时间了。〕
• E) 表示一个按规定、方案或安排要发生的动作，〔仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开 场、完毕、继续〞等的动词 〕可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是：飞机、 火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
• 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. • 〔下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。〕 • How often does this shuttle bus run? 〔这班车多久一趟？〕 • F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在〔有时也用现在完成时〕表示将来事 情。 • 例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.〔等你完成这份报告
• b) 该做或不该做的事情〔语气上接.。近于should, must, ought to, have to〕，7 表示一种命令、奉劝性语气。
自考综合英语(一)上册 lessonx09-16
LESSON 9 HAPPINESS1, Many people think that when they become rich and successful, happiness will naturally follow. Let me tell you that certainly nothing is further from the truth. The world is full of very rich people who are as miserable as hell. We have all read stories about movie stars committing suicide or dying from drugs. Quite clearly , money is not the answer to all problems.2, Wealth achieved through dishonest means does not bring happiness. Lottery winnings do not bring happiness. Wealth left by parents does not bring happiness. In fact, money alone is almost worthless. If you have both self-esteem and money, however, you are well on the way to happiness. What is missing in both self-esteem and money is productive work and a real contribution towards the happiness of others. The secret to happiness lies in the contribution towards the happiness of others. You can fool others but you can never fool yourself. If you obtain wealth through luck or dishonest means, you will know you did not earn it. If you have taken advantage of or hurt others to earn your wealth, you will not be happy. You will not feel you are capable.3, There are many highly-paid managers and entertainers who do not like themselves. Outwardly, they seem successful, but deep down they are miserable. They know they are contributing very little of real value and all the time they live in fear of being exposed as cheats. They know they are not earning their wealth. They know they are cheating the company , the government or society. But they can’t fool themselves.4, Long-term happiness is based on honesty, productive work(創造性的勞動), contribution, and self-esteem. Happiness in not an end; it is a process. It is a continuous process of honest, productive work which makes a real contribution to others and makes you feel like a worthwhile person. As Dr. Wayne wrote, “There is no way to happiness. Happiness is the way.” There is no use saying “Some day when I achieve these goals, when I get this car, build this house and have this busines s…then I will be really happy.” Life just does not work that way. If you wait for certain things to happen and depend on external circumstances of life to make you happy, you will always feel unfulfilled无成就感. There will always be something missing.5, Long-term happiness is a process of moving towards worthwhile goals and contributing towards the welfare and happiness of others. It does not mean that you should give away all your wealth. It means doing what you love and loving what you do. It means achieving your goals and then challenging yourself to bigger and better things. It means always striving for more, learning and growing. Doing nothing means death. Activity means life. Find your purpose, set some goals, do what you love, love what you do, work honestly and productivelyand contribute real values to the others. In the long term, that’s what it’s all about.6, In the short term, you can start practising being happy right now without any obvious r eason. How will you know how to be happy if you don’t try it? It is the same as acting and feeling rich. Don’t wait for another 10 years to start feeling rich, successful and happy. Start practising now. You know that they say “practice makes perfect.” 熟能生巧Pretend and act as if you were happy and you will be happy. Pretend and act as if you were miserable and …well, forget about this last one. You have been practising that one for far too long.LESSON 10: The Joker (1)1 It was a very happy funeral, a great success. Even the sun shone that day for the late Henry Ground. Lying in his coffin, he was probably enjoying himself, too. Once more, and for the last time on this earth, he was the center of attention. Yes, it was a very jolly affair. People laughed and told each other jokes. Relatives who had not spoken for years smiled at each other and promised to stay in touch. And , of course, everyone had a favourite story to tell about Henry.2 “Do you remember the time he dressed up as a gypsy and went from d oor to door telling people’s fortunes? He actually made 6 pounds in an afternoon!”3 “I was once having dinner with him in an expensive restaurant. When the wine-waiter brought the wine, he poured a drop into Henry’s glass and waited with a proud expressi on on his face, as if to say “taste it , you peasant. It’s clear that you know nothing about wine.” So Henry, instead of tasting it, the way any normal person would do, dipped his thumb and forefinger into the wine. Then he put his hand to his ear and rolled his forefinger and thumb together as if he were listening to the quality of the wine! Then he nodded to the wine-waiter seriously, as if to say “yes, that’s fine. You may serve it.” You should have seen the wine-waiter’s face! And how Henry managed to keep a straight face, I’ll never know!”4 “Did you hear about the practical joke he played when he was a student, the one with the road-menders? Some workmen were digging a hole in the road. First, Henry phoned the police and told them that some students were digging a hole in the road, and that he didn’t think it was a very funny thing to do. Then he went to the workmen and told them that some students had dressed up as policeman and were coming to tell them to stop digging the hole! Well , you can imagine what happened!”5 “Yes, old Henry loved to pull people’s legs. Once, when he was invited to an exhibition of some abstract modern painter’s latest work, he managed somehowto get in the day before and turn all the paintings upside down. The exhibition ra n for four days before anyone noticed!”6 “His father, poor man, could never understand why Henry did such crazy things.”7 “It’s hard to believe that Henry was a Ground when you think how different he was from his brothers.”8 Yes, it was difficult to believe that he was a Ground. He was born into an unimportant but well-to-do family. He was the youngest of five sons. The Grounds were a handsome lot : bule-eyed, fair-haired, clever and ambitious. The four older boys all made a success of their lives. They married beautiful girls of good family, and produced children as fair and handsome and clever as themselves. That eldest became a clergyman; the second ended up as the headmaster of a famous public school; the third went into business and became rich; t he fourth followed in his father’s footsteps and became a lawyer. That is why everybody was amazed when the youngest Ground, Henry, turned out to bea lazy good–for–nothing.9 Unlike his brothers, he had brown eyes and dark hair, but he was every bit as handsome and charming, which made him quite a lady-killer. And, although he never married, there is no doubt at all that Henry Ground loved women. He also loved eating, drinking, laughing, talking and a thousand other activities which don’t make money or im prove the human life. One of his favourite pastimes was doing nothing. His idea of an energetic afternoon when the sun was shining主語was to sit under a tree表語, with a pretty girl by his side, and all the time in the world to talk of his and that , to count the blades of grass.作定語10 What a worthless fellow! Some people whispered that his real father was not the present Mr. Ground at all , but a wild gypsy who had come one day to the house and had swept Mrs. Ground off her feet (迷倒她)with his dancing black eyes and his wicked immoral ways. It was a good story, interesting and romantic, but surely untrue. One thing was true: you couldn’t help liking Henry Ground and his talent for making you laugh. Henry Ground was, above all else, a joker.LESSON 11: A Joker(2)1, Anyway, the stories went on even while the coffin was being lowered into the grave. People held handkerchiefs to their eyes, but their tears were tears of laughter, not sadness. Afterwards, there was a funeral breakfast, by invitation only. It was attended by twelve of Henry’s closest friends. Henry Ground had asked his brother, Colin, to read out his will. Henry had been in debt all his life, hadn’t he? What could he possibly have to leave in a will?2, Colin cleared his throat, “Ahem! If you are ready, ladies and gentlemen.” Everyone settled down and waited silently. Colin opened the will, and began to read it out in a singsong voice.3, “I , Henry Ground, being of sound mind…. Last will and testament…do hereby bequeath…”4, The legal phrases came out slowly one after another, *1and the audience grew impatient to get to the important part. It came soon enough. When Colin announced that Henry Ground, though known as a good-for-nothing, had invested his money very wisely, and was in fact worth at least three-quarters of a million, everyone gasped. But who was going to get it? Eyes narrowed and throats went dry.5, “You are all such dear friends of mine,” Colin went on reading out Henry Ground’s words in a flat tone, which, if they weren’t so interested, would have sent everyone to sleep,” that I cannot decide which of you to leave my money to.” Colin paused. In the silence, you could have heard a pin drop. He went on, ”So , dear friend, I have set you a little competition. Each of you in turn must tell the funniest joke he or she can think of , and the one who gets the most laughter will get all my money. Colin will be the ju dge of the best joke.”6, “So, ladies and gentlemen, “ said Colin, putting the will down on the table, “it’s up to you now. Who will go first? May I suggest that you go in alphabetical order of surnames?”7, The first person stood up and told a very funny joke about an Englishman who fell in love with his umbrella. When he finished, he was in tears of laughter, for he always laughed at his own jokes. The rest of the group remained dead silent. You could tell from their faces and their eyes that they found the joke funny, but not one of them was going to laugh, and give him the chance to win the competition. The second told a story about a three-legged pig, which was so good that, some years later, a film company made a cartoon of it. When she sat down, the others buried their faces in their handkerchiefs, coughed, pretended to sneeze, dropped pencils under the table – anything to cover up their laughter. And so it went on, joke after joke, the sort of jokes that make your sides ache. And nobody dared to laugh.8, Well, by the time the last joke had been told, every one of the twelve was sitting perfectly still, desperately holding in the laughter which was bursting to get out.9, Silence. Painful silence.10, Suddenly, Colin sneezed . A perfectly ordinary sneeze. Then he took out a large red handkerchief and blew his nose. Bbbrrrrrrppp.11, That was enough. Someone burst out laughing, unable to hold it in any longer. That started the others off. In no time, everyone was doubled up, tears streaming from their eyes, their shoulders rising and falling as wave after wave of laughter swept the crowd. Of course, they were not just laughing at the sneeze, nor even at the twelve jokes. No, they were laughing at themselves as they realized that Henry Ground had led them into his last, and the funniest, practical joke, setting their need to laugh against their desire for money.12, When, at long last , the laughter died down, Colin cleared his throat once more.”I have been practising that sneeze for a week or more.” He said . “Henry’s idea, of course,” he added, unnecessarily: all twelve guests realized they had been set up beautifully.13 “My friends,”the last paragraph of the will began , “forgive me ,but I couldn’t resist playing one last little joke on you. It’s good to know that your love of laughter finally overcame your love of money.14 Colin paused, letting the meaning of the words sink in. Then he read out the final part of the late Henry Ground’s last will and testament.15 “My friends, thank you for le tting me have the last laugh. As for the money: because I love you all, my fortune will be divided equally among you. Enjoy your share, and think of me whenever you hear laughter.”16 The group fell silent. For the first time that day, there was a feeling of sadness in the air.Lesson 12: Little things are Big1, It was very late at night on the eve of Memorial Day. She got on the subway train at the 34th Street Pennsylvania Station. I am still trying to remember how she managed to push herself in with a baby on her right arm, a traveling bag in her left hand and two children , a boy and a girl , about three and five years old, following after her. She was a nice looking white lady in her early twenties. 2, At Nevins Street Station , Brooklyn , I saw her preparing to get off at the next station – Atlantic Avenue-which happened to be the place where I had to get off. (Just as it was a problem for her to get on, it was going to be a problem for her to get off the train with two small children to be taken care of , a baby on her right arm and a medium-sized bag in her left hand.3, And there I was, also preparing to get off at the Atlantic Avenue (大西洋大街站), with nothing to take care of – not even the usual customary book under my arm.4, As the train was entering the Atlantic Avenue Station, some white man stood up from his seat and helped her out, placing the children on the long, deserted platform. There were only two adults on the long platform some time after midnight on the eve of last Memorial Day.5, I could see the steep concrete stairs going down to the Long Island Railroad or up into the street. Should I off my help as the American white man had done? Should I take care of the girl and the boy, take them by their hands until they were out of the station?6, Puerto Ricans are a courteous people. And here I was – a Puerto Rican –hours past midnight, faced with two while children and a white lady, with a baby on her right arm and a bag in her left hand , obviously needing somebody to help them at least until they went up the long concrete stairs.7, But how could I , a Negro and Puerto Rican, approach this white lady who very likely might be prejudiced against Negroes and anybody with a foreign accent, in a deserted subway station very late at night?8, What would she say? What would be the first reaction of this white American woman, perhaps coming from a small town with a big, two children and a baby on her right arm? Would she say: yes . of couse , you may help me? Or would she think bad things perhaps? What would I do if she screamed as I went toward her to offer my help?9, Was I misjudging her? So many slanders are written every day in the daily press against Negroes and Puerto Ricans. I hesitated for a long, long minute. The traditional good manners that the most illiterate Puerto Rican passes on from father to son were struggling inside me. Here I was , may past midnight, face to face with a situation that could very well become an incident of prejudice and chauvinism caused by the unjust policy of our society today.10, It was a long minute. I passed on by her as if I saw nothing. As if I didn’t see that she needed help. Like a rude animal walking on two legs. I just moved on, half running along the long subway platform, leaving the children and the woman alone. I took the steps of the long concrete stairs in twos until I reached the street above and the cold air hit my warm face.11, This is what racism and prejudice and chauvinism and a divided society cando to the people and to a nation!12, Perhaps the lady was not prejudiced after all. Or not prejudiced enough to scream when a Negro went toward her in a deserted subway station a few hours past midnight. If you were not prejudiced, I failed you, dear lady. I know that there is a chance in a million. that you will read these lines. I am willing to take that millionth chance. If you were not prejudiced, I failed you lady.I failed you, children. I failed myself to myself.(to take a chance碰碰運氣,冒險一試)13, I buried my courtesy early on Memorial Day morning. But here is a promise that I make to myself here and now; if I am ever faced with a situation like that again, I am going to offer my help regardless of how the offer is going to be received.14, Then I will have my courtesy with me again.Lesson 13 : Hobbyist1 “I heard a rumor,” Sangstrom said, “that you-” He turned his head and looked about him to make absolutely sure that he and the druggist were alone in the tiny drugstore. The druggist was a little man who could have been any age from fifty to a hundred. They were alone, but Sangstrom dropped his voice just the same. “ –that you have a completely undetectable poison.”2 The druggist nodded. He came around the counter and locked the front door of the shop, then walked toward a doorway behind the counter. “I was about to take a coffee break,” he said. “Come with me and have a cup.”3 Sangstrom followed him around the counter and through the doorway to a back room ringed by shelves of bottles from floor to ceiling. The druggist plugged in an electric coffee pot, found two cups and put them on a table that had a chair on either side of it. He motioned Sangstrom to one of the chairs and took the other himself. “Now.” he said. “Tell me. Whom do you want to kill , and why?”4 “Does it matter?” Sangstrom asked. “Isn’t it enough that I pay for –“5 The druggist interrupted him with an upraised hand. “Yes, it matters. I must be convinced that you deserve what I can give you. Otherwise –” he shrugged.6 “All right,” Sangstrom said. “The whom is my wife. The why –” he started the long story. Before he had quite finished, the coffee pot had finished its task and the druggist briefly interrupted to get the coffee for them. Sangstrom finished his story.7 The little druggist nodded. “Yes, I occasionally give out an undetectable poison.I do so freely; I do not charge for it, if I think the case is deserving. I have helped many murderers.8 “Fine,” Sangstrom said. “Please give it to me ,then.”9 The druggist smiled at him. “I already have. By the time the coffee was readyI had decided that you deserved it. It was, as I said, free. But there is a price for the antidote.”10 Sangstrom turned pale. But he had expected – not this , but the possibility ofa double-cross or some form of blackmail. He pulled a pistol from his pocket.11 The little druggist chuckled. “ You daren’t use that. Can you find the antidote” – he waved at the shelves –“among those thousands of bottle? Or would you find a faster, more deadly poison? Or if you think I’m bluffing, that you are not really poisoned, go ahead and shoot. You’ll know the answer within three hours when the poison starts to work.”12 “How much for the antidote?” Sangstrom growled.13 “Quite reasonable. A thousand dollars. After all, a man must live. Even if his hobby is preventing murders, there’s no reson why he shouldn’t make money at it, is there?”14 Sangstrom growled and put the pistol down, but within reach, and took out his wallet. Maybe after he had the antidote, he’d still use that pistol. He counted out a thousand dollars in hundred-dollar bills and put them on the table.15 The druggist made no immediate move to pick them up. He sai d:” And one other thing –for your wife’s safety and mine. You will write a confession of your intention – your former intention. I hope – to murder your wife. Then you will wait till I go out and mail it to a friend of mine in the police. He’ll keep it as evidence in case you ever do decide to kill your wife. Or me, for that matter.16 “When that is in the mail it will be safe for me to return here and give you the antidote. I’ll get you paper and pen….17 “Oh, one other thing – although I do not absolutely insist on it. Please help spread the word about my undetectable poison, will you? One never knows, Mr. Sangstrom. The life you save, if you have any enemies, just might be your own.”Lesson 14 : The mystery of the silver Box1 The Thinking Machine tu rned to the worried businessman , “State your problem.”2 “It isn’t a crime –that is , a crime that can be punished by law,” Mr. Grayson said. “but it has cost me millions, perhaps as much as ten million dollars! Briefly, there is an information leak at my office. My business plans have become known to others almost as soon as I have made them. My plans are large; I have millions of dollars at stake, and the need for secrecy is great. For years my plans have been safe, but half a dozen times in the last eight weeks they have become known to my competitors – in the smallest detail, and in time for them to steal my customers.”3, “Tell me more please,” said The Thinking Machine.4 “I make machines and tools used in factories. Recently I sent my salesmen toa new industrial area out West to demonstrate some new machines. At first this was a great success; the factory owners truly liked this on-the-spot service and bought everything the salesmen demonstrated.5 “But suddenly my staff there reported that wher ever they went, they were too late. My biggest business competitor had already sent their salesmen out to demonstrate their products at a lower price!”6 The Thinking Machine walked to the window. “So now you want to know how – and when – information is leaking from your office. Well, to whom do you tell your business plans?”7 “No one, except my personal secretary, Evelyn Winthrop. She has been with me for six years; more than five years before this leak began. I have always trusted her.”8 “And she is the only one who knows your plans?”9 “Well, she hears of my plans only a few minutes or so before I give orders to carry them out. This week, for instance, I planned to send salesmen to Oklahoma with new oil drills. My district manager didn’t know this p lan. Miss Winthrop heard of it only on the morning they were to go out. Then I dictated to her in my office some letters of instructions to my district managers. That is all Miss Winthrop knew of my Oklahoma plan.”10 “You outlined the plan in those letters?”11 “No. They merely told my managers which salesmen I wanted for Oklahomaand the costs of the various drills.”12 “But a careful person, knowing the content of all those letters, could have worked out what you intended to do?”13 “Yes, but no one person knew the contents of all the letters, Miss Winthrop and I were the only two human beings who knew what was in them all. Neither Miss Winthrop nor I left the office all day. Yet before the day ended , I received phone calls from two managers telling me of the unbeatable offers form my competitor.”14 “What is your business competitor’s name?”15 “Ralph Matthews,”said Mr. Grayson.16 The Thinking Machine went to a desk, addressed an envelope, got a sheet of paper and place it inside , and sealed the envelope. Then he turned back to Mr. Grayson, “ Let us go to see Miss Winthrop now,” he said.17 From the office door, The Thinking Machine went straight to Miss Winthrop’s desk and handed her the envelope. “Mr. Ralph Matthews asked me to give you this,” he said.18 The young woman glanced up at his face frankly, took the envelope, and turned it curiously in her hand. “Ralph Matthews,” she repeated the name as if it sounded strange to her, “I don’t think I know him.” Nevertheless, she opened the envelo pe and took out the paper. “Why, it’s a blank sheet!” she remarked, puzzled.19 The detective turned suddenly to Mr. Grayson who had looked on with frank astonishment. “May I use a telephone, please?” asked The Thinking Machine.20 He picked the receiver of Miss Winthrop’s phone and held it to his ear a moment. “It’s busy,” he said. He hung up, pausing for a moment to admire a beautiful silver box right beside the telephone. “Thank you, Miss Winthrop,” he said as he left the room.21 Back in Mr. Grayson’s office, the detective told him to ask Miss Winthrop to take some dictation the next morning at 9:45. And that night, he arranged for a secret extension to be attached to Miss Winthrop’s phone. The next morning he was at the extension, pencil in hand, while Mr. Grayson carried out his orders. A little later, he asked the businessman to go with him to the secretary’s desk. 22 “So you did know Ralph Matthews after all,” he said, throwing onto her deska sheet of paper he had brought with him.23 The girl s topped her noisy typing and rose from her chair, trembling. “What do you mean,sir?” she demanded weakly.24 “And you might as well remove the silver box,” The Thinking Machine continued. “There is no further need of the telephone connection.”Lesson 15: Unreality of TV1 Dr. Heinrich Applebaum recently completed a study on the effects of television on children. It is not about violence, but about how television gives children a false sense of reality.2 Dr. Applebaum told me, “The greatest danger of tel evision is that it presentsa world to children that doesn’t exist, and leads them to expect things that never happen.3 “I don’t understand, Doctor,” I said.4 “Well, let me give you one example. Have you ever seen a television show where a person in a car doesn’t immediately find a parking place on the very first try?5 “Come to think of it,” I said , “I haven’t”6 “Not only is there always a parking place, but the driver doesn’t even have to back into it. There are two parking spaces for him when he needs one. Children are being led to believe that when they grow up they will always be able to find a parking place available when and where they want it. You can imagine how bad they will feel when they discover that in real life they can drive around a block for three hours and still can’t find a place to park their car.”(lead-led-led)8 “ I never thought of it, but it’s true. What else do they show on television which gives a distorted picture of the real world?”9 “Have you noticed that whenever a pe rson walks out of a restaurant or office building and says to the doorman, “Get me a taxi, the taxi immediately arrives?I have never seen a TV show where the doorman has said, “I “ am sorry. I can’t get you a taxi. You’d better take the bus.”10 “Of course,” I said , “ I never noticed that. There is always a yellow taxi waiting somewhere off the TV screen.”11 “Now,” said Applebaum, “have you ever said to a taxi driver, ‘Follow that car and don’t lose him’?”12 “Not really.”13 “Well, if you had, the driver would have told you not to talk nonsense. No taxi driver wants to follow another car because that means he’s going to get into trouble. But on TV every taxi driver looks as if he had nothing better to do than to drive 90 miles an hour through rain-swept street trying to keep up with a carful of gangsters. And the worst thing is that the kids believe it.14 “What else have you discovered?”15 “Kids have a false sense of what emergency wards of hospitals are really like. On TV shows they take a kid to an emergency ward and four doctors come rushing down to bandage his leg. In a real life situation the kid would be sitting on the bench for two hours before he even saw a nurse. On TV there always happens to be a hospital bed available when a kid needs it. What the kids in this country don’t know is that sometimes you have to wait three days to get a hospital bed and then you have to pay 500 dollars down before they give it to you.”16 Applebaum said the cruelest lie of all is when TV shows a lawyer defending someone innocent of a crime.17 “ On the screen the lawyer spends day and night looking for evidence to prove the person is innocent. In real life the lawyer says to the defendant, ‘Look, I’ve got 20 minutes. Tell me your story and then I’ll plead y ou guilty and make a deal with the D.A.’ The defendant might say, ‘But I’m innocent.’ They lawyer would say, ‘So what? I can’t afford to find that out. I’m not Perry Mason.’”18 “Then what you’re saying, Dr. Applebaum, is that it isn’t the violence on TV but the unreality that is doing harm to children.”19 “Exactly. Even the advertisements are harmful. Children are led to believe that when grow up if they use a certain mouthwash they’ll find the mate of their dreams. When they don’t find him or her after washing their dreams. When they don’t find him or her after washing their mouth all night, they fall into a difficult situation and many of them never come out of it.”Lesson sixteen: Remembering Tracy Bill1 This year, my husband David and I celebrated the 22nd birthday of a man we had never met. His name was Tracy Bill Marsh, a tall handsome young man who。
高等教育自学考试课件-讲义(PPT版)
三．试题题型
试题题型共7类：
1. 选择正确的语法形式和单词或词组填空 ( 25分)
考查学生对所学语法现象及词汇的掌握。语法题涵盖要求掌 握的所有语法现象，词汇题限制在课文中出现的单词及其 搭配。
例1：Those old photographs in my album _____ me of my days at Harvard University years ago.
4． 难句释义 （10分）
考查学生对所学课文中难句的理解能力。本项中的每题
均从指定教材选出的难句。每题有四个选项。要求考生选出 正确答案。难句的标准是（1）句中由不易理解的词或从字 面上猜不出其意思的词语，（2）句子结构复杂，（3）句子 表面简单，没有难词，结构也不复杂，但其含义深刻。
例：She was a real find. A. Finally, we found a washwoman after so much trouble. B. Finally, we found a washwoman who charged no more than others. C. Finally, we found a washwoman who came on time every time. D. Finally, we found a washwoman who was excellent and valuable.
6课时安排
课程介绍 （包括综二的考核要求，命题原则，考试题型举例及各种题 型做题方法的技巧点拨） 重点语法 （结合考题讲解） 高频形近词，近义词辨析 词形转化 难句释义
《综合英语二》这门课是课程考试，不是水平考试。课程
考试就是学什么就考什么。严格按照教学大纲去命题。大纲 规定，统一考试的试题中教材内容要占60% 要把课文读懂学 透在复习的过程中，课文，词汇，词汇学习，语法每部分都 要复习到。
自考综合英语1-06
Lesson Six Culture Shock在今天的社会里,很少有人一生只在一个地方生活,只在一种环境里活动。
一个人在成长过程中,从幼儿园到小学、中学、乃至大学,不断离开自己熟悉的同伴而进入新的环境。
越来越多的学子走出国门到海外求学。
由于各种原因,人们更换工作单位、居住地点,到陌生的地方去求生存、求发展。
环境的变化往往给人们带来各种生理的和心理的不适,甚至压力。
社会学家把这种情况称之为“文化震荡”,指出这是当今社会的一种流行病,并分析了其病因、症状、过程和治愈方式。
这些分析也许对于预防和治疗此病有一定的作用。
Cause and SymptomsKalvero Oberg1 Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most diseases, it has its own symptoms.2 Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. [1110:32] Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways with which we are familiar in the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to go shopping, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, often without our conscious awareness.[0810:33]3 Now when a person enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. "The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad." When foreigners in a strange land get together to grumble about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another symptom of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly takes on a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. [0904:32] All thedifficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality. [1104:33]4 Some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands; excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants; the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long term residents of one's own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible longing to be back home.5 Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries. However, those who have seen people go throughculture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can see steps in the process.Stages of AdjustmentRaymond Zeuschner6 Kalvero Oberg describes four stages that people go through when they experiencesituations that are very different from those to which they are accustomed. Examples of such situations include moving to a new city, traveling to a new country, and becoming part of a new organization, military unit or corporation.7 Stage one is a honeymoon phase, during which the new experienceis perceived to be interesting, picturesque, entertaining, and charming. You may notice several superficial differences such as music, food, and clothing, and the fresh appeal of the new experience keeps you feeling interested and positive. If you are a real tourist, you probably do not stay long enough for this phase to wear off but go on to the next new location or experience. There are people who frequently change jobs, majors, romantic partners, travel plans, clothing styles, foods, diets, or cars so that they never get very far away from the honeymoon stage of culture shock. It is very pleasant to travel and to try out and explore whatever is new.8 When you stay in a new environment for a while, you move to stage two - the crisis stage - in which the shine wears off and day to-day realities sink in. In a relationship, you notice annoying habits; in anew country, you find barriers to establishing connections or to learning the language beyond a few polite phrases. Suddenly, your new major includes a class or a professor you dislike. The difficulties and unpleasantness of reality replace the charming and picturesque "honeymoon." However, if you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically, you will probably move to the third phase of culture shock: recovery.9 In recovery, you learn the systems, procedures, language, or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery, competence, and comfort. After about two weeks in London, I began to feel familiar with traveling by "tube," shopping nearly every day for groceries, paying in the correct currency, buying a newspaper, and using some phrases that are unique to English people. I had the advantage of speaking the same basic language and of sharing a great deal with the English in some broad, cultural aspects. In a country that was very different from my own, it would probably have taken me longer to move into the recovery phase.10 Finally, the fourth, or adjustment, phase occurs when you feel that you function well and almost automatically in the new culture. You no longer need to make mental conversions of the country'smoney[1101:33]; you know where services are located and how to use them; you understand some of the customs that accompany ordinary life, and it is relatively easy for you to adjust to them. A greater enjoyment of the new experience is now possible, and you may regain some of the initial positive regard you had in the honeymoon stage. If you stay long enough on a visit from a big city to a small town, or, the other way round, you may become so well adapted to the new environment that when you returnto your original home, you will again experience culture shock. For some people, it may take several days to readjust, depending on the length of time they were away. Usually, however, since you are in your home culture, your shock wears off faster than the shock that you experienced in the new culture.LESSON 6 文化休克原因与症状卡尔沃罗.欧博格1 文化休克可以被称为突然移居到国外的人所患的一种职业病。
大学英语自考教程unit01 PPT
Successful adj. 成功的 ● In a way, he’s successful. Unsuccessful successfully(前后缀) 2. Disagree with… 不同意… agree 同意… agree with … ● I couldn’t ＿＿＿＿＿＿you more. ● I agree with what you said. agree to … ● Do you ＿＿＿＿ the plan ? agree on… （在某个问题上达成一致） ● Finally they agreed on that point. ( 补充dislike , unlike )
5．Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields. Who 引导了一定从，it 为形式宾语，真正宾语是后面不定式。 Find it hard/difficult/easy/pleasant to do sth. 6．Language teachers often offer advice to language learners,… 注意offer 的用法：offer sb sth 或者 offer sth to sb advice 是不可数名词，不能说an advice , a piece of advice。 听从某人建议，我们说take/follow one’s advice 7. practice speaking the language every day. Practice doing sth ８．Learn as a child would learn As 引导了一方式状语，像孩子那样。 9. first of all 首先，第一 secondly 其次 finally 最后 10.wait for , look for / find 11．such /so 都翻译成如此，区别何在？ 看下面的短语，用such/so 填空。 ＿＿ａ ｍａｎ ＿＿ａ ｋｉｎｄ ｌａｄｙ ＿＿ｐｒｅｔｔｙ ｔｈｅ ｃａｒｐｅｔ ＿＿ｋｉｎｄ ａ ｌａｄｙ ＿＿ｂａｄ ｗｅａｔｈｅｒ ＿＿ｂｅａｕｔｉｆｕｌ ｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓ
自考0794综合英语(一)课程讲义全下册Lesson14
页本印打
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历年真题: Paraphrase
In a well-known British newspaper, a writer argued recently that “industry is caught in a web of bribery” and that everyone is “on the take”. [0410:44]
A. It is difficult to get his moral standards to serve his business interests.
B. It is sometimes difficult for him to keep his business interests in line with his moral standards.
A. Everyone is taking bribes. B. Everyone yone who gets involved is going to be arrested. D. Every person is, sooner or later, going to be a briber.
A. everyone accepts bribes.
B. everyone works for money.
C. everyone is only too glad to become rich.
D. everyone is ready to take but no one is willing to give.
A. … what is the bribery for, license or principle?
B….which is worth the effort, bribery or principle?
C. …do you let go the license or give up your principles?
D. …should you give him the money or stick to your principles?
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2
历年真题: Paraphrase
“Industry is caught in a web of bribery” and that everyone is “on the take.” [0607:46]
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5
Lesson 15, Book 1
Bribery — An Inevitable Evil?
1
历年真题: Paraphrase
If you offer him [the government official] a substantial bribe, you will find it much easier to get an import license for your goods. Now, the question is: do you pay up or stand by your principles? [0904:37]
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历年真题: Paraphrase
However, today’s businessman, selling in overseas markets, will frequently meet situations where it is difficult to square his business interests with his moral conscience. [0304:45]
C. His interests in business and his moral standards can affect each other.
D. He finds it hard to sacrifice his business interests for his moral principles.