虚拟语气和倒装

全部倒装 (谓语+主语)
• 当副词In, on, out, up, down, away, here, there 等位于句首时 • There goes the bell. • Out rushed the girl. • In came a woman. • Away flew the bird. • 但主语为代词时则不倒装 • Here it is. • Away they went.
部分倒装(助动词+主语+谓语)
• Only+状语位于句首 • Only then did I realize I was wrong.
• It doesn’t matter whether John will come or not.
• • • • • • • •
连接代词引导
who; whose, which; what Who will be elected as monitor is not known. (who 是从句的主语) 谁 Whose bag was stolen is not known. (whose 是从句的定语）谁的 Which method is better can be easily seen. (which是从句的定语) 哪种
2）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气
假设的条件由下列介词（短语）等引出
In the absence of, expect for, but for, without…
In the absence of gravity, there would be no air around the earth. 如果没有重力，地球就没有空气。 But for him, I would have been drowned. 要不是他，我就被淹死了。
1)necessary, important, essential, crucial, vital, desirable… It is important that the plan should be worked out today. 计划要今天做出来，这很重要。 It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。
引导词 从属连词 that; whether or not; if who; whose, which; what When; where; why; how Whatever; whoever; whomever; whichever
连接代词 连接副词
复合关系代词
• 顾名思义，主语从句在整个句子中作主语。
对将来情况的 should do/ 假设 were to do
1. 对现在情况的假设
如果我是你，我就会接受他的忠告。 If I were you, I would accept his advice. 倒装： Were I you, I would accept his advice. 如果没有你的帮助，他会失败的。 If it weren’t for your help, he would fail.
• • • •
连接副词
When; where; why; how When rocket was invented is known to us all. It is know to us all when rocket was invented.
• 我们都知道火箭是什么时候发明的。 （when是从句的时间状语） • Why he killed her should be investigated. • How she will go to Beijing hasn’t decided.
2）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气
通过上下文语境表现 Such mistakes could have been avoided. 这种错误本来是可以避免的。 You should have done better. 你可以做得更好。
3）错综时间条件下的虚拟语气
如果我是你，我就听他的忠告了。 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句表现在，主句表过去）
2. 对过去情况的假设 假如他当初努力学习，他可能早得到奖 学金了。 If he had studied hard, he could have won the scholarship. 倒装： Had he studied hard, he could have won the scholarship.
4) wish, if only 引导的从句 我希望，但愿… 要是… as if, as though 引导的状语从句 仿佛，就像
从句表示
现在的愿望或情况 过去的愿望或情况
从句谓语动词形式
did (过去式） had done （过去分词）
将来的愿望或情况
would/should/could/might+do
虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示与事实不符的假设，猜测以 及建议和主观愿望。 1） 非真实条件引导的虚拟语气 2）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气 3）错综时间条件下的虚拟语气 4）从句中的虚拟语气
1) 非真实条件引导的虚拟语气
时间 条件从句的时态 主句时态 Would/should /could/ might do Would/should /could/might have done Would/should /could/might do 对现在情况的 (过去时） 假设 did /were 对过去情况的 （过去分词） 假设 had done
• 2. Peter ___ the driver’s test, but he wasn’t calm enough in the last ten minutes. A. might have passed B. must have passed C. have passed D. ought to have passed • 解析：这句前半部分要用虚拟是根据后半 部分的连接词but表示转折体现出来的，而 且是过去已经发生的事情，因此选A。
• 引导词that只起连接作用，本身无词义。 • That he wiຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidul succeed is certain. • It is certain that he will succeed. • 他肯定会成功。
• Whether John will come or not doesn’t matter much.
2. 对过去情况的假设 如果没有他，我们可能输了这场比赛。 If it hadn’t been for him, we would have lost the game. 倒装： Had it not been for him, we would have lost the game.
3. 对将来情况的假设 如果明天下雨，我们就要取消比赛。 If it should rain tomorrow we would cancel the race. 要是有一天我上了月球,我就能亲眼目 睹它的样子。 If I were to go to the moon some day, I could see it with my own eyes.
我的建议是推迟会议。 My suggestion is that the meeting should be postponed. I suggested that the meeting should be postponed.
3）在 would rather后面的宾语从句中，从 句的谓语动词形式如下表：我宁愿…
• 3. I could have called you yesterday, but I ___ your telephone number. A. didn’t have B. won’t have C. hadn’t have D. wouldn’t have
• 解析：本句前部分是对过去已经发生事情 的虚拟，因此用过去完成时；而后半句是 阐述事实，是真实情况，且事情发生在过 去，因此用一般过去时。答案为A。
• What qualities this kind of material have has not been found out. • It hasn’t been found out what qualities this kind of material have. • 这种材料具有什么性质还没搞清楚。（定语） • What love is seems difficult to answer. （表语） • What they are discussing is a boy’s future. （宾语） • What made him so angry is Lucy’s impoliteness. （主语） • What is important to you is also important to me. 主 语）
2) 下列名词/动词+should+ do [被动态为：should + be done]
名词:advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation, demand, request, requirement, order, instruction, decision, determination, plan… 动 词 : advise, suggest, propose, requested, recommend, demand, require…
我希望和你一样帅。(现在虚拟) I wish I were as handsome as you. 我真希望将来能讲流利的英语。(将来虚拟) I wish I could speak fluent English in the future. 要是信及时到就好了。(过去虚拟) If only the letter had arrived in time. 这本书看上去像是新的。 This book looks as if it were new.
相关真题与解析
• 1. ___ last Friday, he would have got to Paris. • A. Would he leave B. Had he left • C. If he is to leave D. If he was leaving • 解析：根据这个句子的上下文，可以判断 这个一个省略if的条件状语从句，而且后半 句时态用would +现在完成时，那么前部分 应该用过去完成时，故选B。
如果我之前听了医生的忠告，我现在就不会病 倒了。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice then, I should not be ill now. (从句表过去，主句表现在）
4）从句中的虚拟语气
1) it is + 形容词+ that +(should) + do [它的被动态为：should be done]
从句表示 现在的意愿 过去的意愿 将来的意愿 从句谓语动词形式 did (过去式） had done （过去分词） did (过去式）
• I would rather you ___ me Suki. (call) • I would rather you ___that. (从没做过） • I would rather they ___ tomorrow. (come)
• • • • •
复合关系代词
Whatever; whoever; whomever; whichever Whatever has a beginning has an end. Whatever she says is true. Whoever fails to see this will make a big mistake.