牛津英语中考总复习 短语篇

初中中考复习资料
1.nice adj
1) 令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的，令人满意的
eg. Did you have a nice holiday?
It’s nice doing sth .做什么事很愉快
It’s nice to do sth. 做什么事很愉快
It’s nice + that +从句做什么事很愉快
2）好心的，友好的be nice / friendly to sb对某人友好be kind to sb 对某人和蔼
2. answer questions/ replay to questions 回答问题
solve problems 解决问题deal with / do with problems 处理，解决问题
用how 对deal with 进行提问；用what 对do with 进行提问
3. 区别look, see, watch, notice，read
look 看；因想看而投注目光，不管结果如何指看的动作，后不能接名词应look at + n
see 看到，看见；强调看的结果see sb do sth 看见某人做某事的全过程see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事watch 看，观看；特别留意，感兴趣地看运动着的东西watch sb do sth看见某人做某事的全过程watch sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事
watch TV/ films/ football match/ basketball match/ show
notice 看到，注意到，觉察到，偶尔看到细小但可能是重要的东西
read 主要强调“读，阅读，朗读”多指读书，看报，信，杂志
4. 有关look的短语
look after = take care of 照顾，照看have a look = take a look 看一看
have a look at +n = take a look at+ n 看一看某物
look up 查阅资料，字典look down on/ upon 看不起，轻视
look for 寻找（着重寻找的过程）look out of…从…向外看look out at sth 向外看某物look into 调查
look over 检查look up and down 上下打量look up 向上看look down 向下看
5. borrow，lend&keep的辨析
1) borrow指相对的主语“借入”，borrow sth from sb 从某人那借来某物
2）lend指相对的主语“借出”lend sth to sb / lend sb sth 借给某人某物
3）keep 指“保存，借”不带有方向性，长表示把借来的东西保存多久，与一段时间状语连用。

Tip: borrow，lend是短暂性动词不能与一段时间状语连用。

6.good,well & nice
1) good adj好的，合适的，擅长的be good at sth/ doing sth = do well in 擅长于干某事
be good for 对…有益
2）well adj 指身体健康的adv为good的副词形容修饰行为意为“好的”
3）nice adj 美好的，令人愉快的，可爱的be nice / / friendly to sb对某人友好
7.some & any
1) some 表示“一些，若干”，一般只用于肯定句中，但也可用于表示请求，邀请，希望得到肯定回答的一般疑问句
中
2）any 意为“一些”时，一般用于否定句和疑问句中
3）any 意为“任何的，任何一个的”，any + n (单数) 表示“任一”（哪一个并不重要）
any + n (复数) 表示“任何的”
eg. I haven’t read any books by Luxun. 我没有看过鲁迅的书。

Tom is taller than any other student in his class. 汤姆是他班上最高的。

（汤姆比他班的任何一个人都高）
8. thank you / thanks for + n / v-ing 因…而感谢，其答语有you’re welcome,/ That’s all right./ That’s OK./ It’s my pleasure./
Not at all.
thanks to...由于，多亏thanks to one's help=because of one's help 由于某人的帮忙
thanks for one's help 谢谢某人的帮助
9.enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事enjoy sb/sth 喜欢某人、某物
like to do sth / like doing sth 喜欢做某事
love todo sth/ love doing sth 喜欢做某事
10. enjoy oneself = have a good time = have a great time = have a fantastic time = have fun 玩得高兴，过得愉快
11. have a + adj + time doing sth 做某事时很…
have a great time doing sth = have fun doing sth 做某事很高兴
have time to do sth 有时间做某事have sth to do sth 有…做某事
have + n/pron + 过去分词找、让某人做某事
12. make sb do sth / let sb do sth 使，让某人做某事
Sb be made to do sth 某人被叫做某事
make + n/ pron + adj 使，让某人/物处于某种状态
keep + n/ pron + adj使，让某人/物保持某种状态
find + n/ pron + adj发现某人/物处于某种状态
13.形容词以-ing 结尾，则表示某物或某人本身怎样；以-ed 结尾的，则表示某人感到怎样；此类形容词有exciting /
excited , surprising/ surprised, worrying/ worried , satisfying / satisfied , tiring/ tired , relaxing/ relaxed, intersting/ intersted , boring/ bored ….
be excited about …对…感到兴奋，高兴
be surprised at sth/ sb 对…感到很吃惊，很惊讶in surprise 惊奇地（作状语）
be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
be worried about sb / sth 对…担心，担忧，发愁
be satisfied with sth /sb 对某人，物感到很满意
be tired of sb/ sth/ doing sth 对某人/事、做某事感到厌烦
look/ feel/ seem relaxed about sth （对某事）看起来，感到，似乎很轻松
be intersted in = take / show / have interste in 对…感兴趣
be bored with 对…很厌烦
14.alone adj 独自一人（无感情色彩，只是陈述事实）在句中只做表语
lonely adj孤独的，寂寞的（形容人感到孤独寂寞，带有感情色彩）
15. pleased adj 满意的，愉快的（用于表示人的感受）pleasant adj 使人愉快的（形容事物的客观本质）pleasure n愉
快，快乐，高兴
be pleased with sb /sth 对某人、事感到欣喜的，满意的
be pleased to do sth 乐意做某事it’s one’s pleasure to do sth 做某事是某人的荣幸
16. be busy with / at sth 忙于某事be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
be worth doing sth 值得做某事
17.health n健康（不可数名词）be in good/ bad health 身体好、身体不好
healthy adj健康的其反义词unhealthy keep healthy = keep fit保持健康
healthily adv健康地
18.stop to do sth 意为“停下（正在做的事情）去做其他的事”
stop doing sth 意为“停止（正在）做的事情”
forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事forget doing sth 忘记已经做过的事
remember to do sth 记得要去做某事remember doing sth 记得已经做过的事
go on doing sth = keep on doing sth = carry on doing sth 继续做某事（同一件事）
go on to do sth 接着干别的事
19. make A out of B 用B制造A make sth for sb 为某人制造某物do sth for sb为某人做某事
be made of sth 由…制造（看得出原材料）be made from sth由…制造（看不出原材料）
be made by sb 由某人制造
20. a kind of 一种 a cup of 一杯（茶，咖啡）a glass of 一杯（玻璃杯）a bottle of 一杯
a tin of 一听 a kilo of 一公斤 a carton of 一盒 a bag of 一包 a packet of 一包
a basket of 一篮a piece of 一片a bowl of 一碗这些量词后可接可数与不可数名词，要表示复数的时候若后接的是
不可数名词只需把量词变为复数eg. Two bags of rice 但若后接的是可数名词两者都要变化eg. Two bags of books 21. listen 指的是听的动作，过程。

是一个不及物动词后不能直接加宾语应用listen to
hear 指的是听的结果，内容hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事的全过程hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事22. voice 指人的声音，有时也可指鸟叫的声音
sound 是声音的总称，指可听到的一切声音
noise 指的是不悦耳的“噪音，喧闹声”
23. aloud adv 只表示“发出声音”它长和动词read ,speak 连用，表示把话说出来而不是在脑子里默默地说。

没有比较
级和最高级。

loudly adv大声地，嘈杂地
loud adv 与loudly 同义adj大声的
24.say 强调说的具体内容eg .can you say the story in English ?
speak 指说话的能力，后经常跟语言的种类eg. Can you speak English ?
tell 告诉，讲诉tell sb about sth 告诉某人有关有事tell sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
tell sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事
talk 交谈，谈话talk with sb 与某人交谈talk to sb 给某人说（侧重于一方说，别一方在听）talk abou sth 谈论某事
25. try on 试穿on 是副词，若是代词一定放于两词之间eg. Can I try them on ?
dress 穿（衣服），打扮，化妆dress sb 给某人穿衣服dress oneself 某人自己穿衣服
dress up 乔装打扮，盛装出席
be dressed in + 衣服/ 颜色= be in + 衣服/ 颜色表示穿着（状态）
wear表示穿着（状态）用于现在进行时，表示现在正穿着用于一般现在时，表示经常穿着戴眼镜，首饰，项链都是用wear来表示
wear out 穿坏、穿旧、用尽常用于被动语态。

其P.P为worn
put on 强调穿衣，戴帽的动作
26. laugh at + n/ pron/ v-ing 嘲笑…
smile at sb 向某人微笑
27. sb pay + 金钱+ for sth 某人为…付…钱
Sb spend + 时间/ 金钱+ on sth
Sb spend + 时间/ 金钱+ (in) doing sth
It takes sb + 时间/金钱+ to do sth
28. instead adv代替单独使用，放于句首或句末
instead of + n/ pron/v-ing 介词短语意为“代替…而不是…”放于句中
29.in hospital 生病住院
in the hospital 在（这家）医院里
30. ill & sick 都是形容词，都表示生病的，但是ill 不能修饰名词作定语，它在句中只能做表语eg . my brother is ill / sick.
The sick boy is my brother.
31.would like to do sth = want to do sth 想要做某事
Would like sb to do sth = want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
Would you like to do sth? 的肯定回答是yes, I’d like to .
32.hope to do sth 希望做某事hope + 从句希望…
wish to do sth 希望做某事wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
33. be like 像主要指性格，品质或是外貌
look like 看起来像，只是指外貌上像
34. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人，某物
be afraid of doing sth = be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
I’m afraid that + 从句我恐怕….
35. get on/off(the bus) 上/下车get up 起床get ready for 为...作准备
get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服get well (better) 身体好get in 进入，收集
get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb. 为某人买某物
get on well with sb/sth. 与某人相处很好，...进展顺利
36. have an accident 出事故have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴
have a cold wet day 天气又冷又湿have a cough 咳嗽have a drink(of)... 喝一杯...
have a talk 听报告have lunch 吃午饭have...for lunch 午饭吃...
have a meeting 开会have no idea 不知道have a rest 休息一下
37. make a mistake 犯错误mistake A for B 把A错认为B
take sth. by mistake 错拿某物
38. make friends with 与...交朋友make a team 组成一个队
make faces 做鬼脸make a fire 生火make an excuse 找籍口
make a...sound 发...音make tea 沏茶make room for... 为...找出空间
39. turn sth. on/off 打开/关掉...turn sth. up/down 把...音量开大/小(电器，电话，煤气，自来水)
turn A into B = change A into B把A变为B
注意：当sth 是代词时，常放中间
40. try one's best to do sth. 尽力干某事=do one's best to do sth.
41. send sb. away 开除、解雇某人send for sb. 派人去请某人send up 发射
send sth to sb = send sb sth 把某物寄给某人
42. hear from sb= receive a letter from sb 收到...的来信hear of 听说
43. hurry off 匆匆离去，赶快去hurry up 赶快in a hurry赶快
44. 到达某地的几种表达法
get to +名词get +副词(不用to)
reach+名词/副词reach后不接宾语不能单独使用
eg. Do you know when he will reach? (错误)
arrive in/at +大/小地点（后接副词，不用at/in）
eg. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai到达上海
eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家
45. teach sb. English 教某人英语teach oneself=learn sth.by oneself 自学
teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事
46. 到...末为止by the end of +过去时间（用于过去完成时）
by the end of +将来时间（用于一般将来时）
at the end of+地点在...尽头in the end= at last 最后，终于
at the beginning of 在…的开端，开始in the beginning 开始= at first
47. hundreds of 成百上千thousands of 成千上万的millions of 成百万的
数词/ several + hundred / thousand / million 几百，千，百万
48. much too+形容词／副词原级实在太...
too much+不可数名词相当多的... too many+可数名词的复数
49. be far away from＋a place/sb 远离某地
stop / prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
50. sell out 售完卖完on sell 打折in sell 当季
51. fall asleep 入睡（进入状态）get to sleep 入睡（还没睡着）
go to bed 睡觉（指上床睡觉的动作）be asleep 熟睡
52. hard adj困难的，硬的，坚固的
adv 努力地，辛勤地
hardly adv几乎不hardly any +n. 几乎没有...
53. quite a/an+形容词＋名词一个相当...eg. Two months is quite a long time.
a very ＋形容词+名词eg. English is a very useful language.
54. finish doing sth. 做完某事complete to do sth 完成某事be always doing 老是干某事
55. be angry with sb. 生某人的气
56. agree with sb. 同意某人的观点agree to do sth 同意做某事
agree on + 意见、建议的词在某事上达成协议
57. with one's help 在某人的帮助下
58.look for 寻找（着重指过程）find 寻找（着重指结果）
find out （经过查询，研究）找到结果，发现秘密
search sb 搜身search sp for sb/sth 为了搜查某人、物而搜寻某地
59. a lot of = lots of 许多，修饰可数名词或不可数名词
many 许多，修饰可数名词
much许多，修饰不可数名词
a good / great many许多，修饰可数名词
plenty of 许多，修饰可数名词或不可数名词
a (large/ great) number of许多，修饰可数名词
large/ great numbers of许多，修饰可数名词
the number of ……的数量
60. a lot 用以修饰动词，形容词，副词
61. little, a little 都用来修饰不可数名词
a little 有点儿（表示肯定意义）little 几乎没有（表示否定意义）
few, a few都用来修饰可数名词
a few 有点儿（表示肯定意义）few 几乎没有（表示否定意义）
62. a little / a bit + adj / 比较级表示一点儿，稍微
a little + n a bit of + n 一点…
not a bit = not at all 根本不，一点也不not a little = very 非常
63.across prep横穿（从物体的表面穿过）
go across = cross
through prep横穿（从物体的空间穿过）
go through window/ door / forest
64.between 用于两个人，两件事之间，指“两者之间”
among 用于三个或三个以上的人或物之间，或笼统的一群人或一些物之间，表示在…之间65. other adj其他的，别的，另外，常作定语
another pron指不定数目中的另一个人或物意为“又一，再一”
another + 数词+ 可数名词/ 不可数名词
others pron 另外的，其他的或别的人或事物，主要表示其中一部分而不是全部
the other 指两者或双方中的另一个人或物常用于one … the other
the others 是the other 的复数，属于特指，后不能跟名词
the others = the other + 可数名词的复数指一个范围内的剩余全部。

66. give sb sth = give sth to sb 把某物给某人
give sb a call 给…打个电话give a message to sb 捎短信给某人
give back = return 归还give out 分发give up 放弃
67.sometime 某时some time 一段时间sometimes 有时some times 倍次
68. neither… nor…既不…也不…连接并列主语时，使用就近原则
either… or…不是…就是…
69.stay at home 呆在家里stay in 呆在家里不出门stay out 呆在外面不回家
stay up 熬夜stay away (from sb/ sth) 与…保持距离，不打扰
70. change one’s mind 改变主意make up one’s mind 作出决定keep… in mind 记住
Never mind 不要紧
mind one’s doing sth 介意某人做某事mind doing sth 介意做某事
71.too 也，用于肯定句句末
also 也，用于肯定句句中
either 也，用于否定句句末
as well as 也连词，连接两个并列主语时用就近原则
72.have to do sth 不得不干某事（表示客观条件限制）
must 必须（一般表示主观看法）
73.it’s time to do sth = it’s time for sth 该干…了做…的时间到了
74.advice n (不可数) take one’s advice 接受某人的意见give sb advice = give advice to sb 给某人意见advise v建议advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
suggestion n (可数)
75. decide to do sth 决定做某事
76. worry about sb / sth = be worried about sb / sth 担心某人、某物
77.start to do sth / begin to do sth / start doing sth / begin doing sth 开始做某事
start with … = begin with…以…开始
78.drive sb to sp 开车载某人去某地
79.be well- known / famous for 因…而出名be well- known / famous as 作为…而出名
80.take part in = join in 参加
81.because + 从句因为…
because of + n/ pron/ v-ing 因为…
82.at the same time 同时at times = sometimes = from time to time 有时
83.work on 从事于，致力于… work out 计算出
84.take care of = look after 照顾take good care of = look after well 照顾好
85.交通工具的表达
1) by + 交通工具2）on / in + 修饰词+交通工具3）动词+介词+地点
go to sp by bike go to sp by bus
go to sp on a / the bike go to sp on /in a / the bus
walk to …ride to…drive to… fly to …
e ture （希望，预言等）实现，成为现实
87.fall in love with sb 爱上某人
get on / along (well) with sb 与某人相处得很好get on / along with sth 进展
88. as + adj/ adv as possible 尽可能…，尽量…
as much as possible 尽可能多as early as possible 尽可能早
as soon as possible 一…就…
89. run away (from) (从…) 逃走，突然离开
run out 用完，用尽
90.hear about 听到关于某事物的消息hear of sb/ sth 听说、知道某人、某物
91.happen 指偶然，意外地发生某事
take place 指按照计划，安排发生某事
take place of sb/sth 取代，代替（某人，某事）
92. all the time 一直at one time 曾经at the same time 同时at the time 在那时
on time 按时in time 及时at times = from timeto time = sometimes 有时
93.表示提建议的句型
1）how about = what about + V-ing
2) why not = why don’t sb + v
3) you’d better + v
94. by the way 顺便说一下lose one’s way = get lost 迷路
on one’s way to sp 在某人去某地的路上on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上
in one’s way 挡路
95.put out sth 使…停止燃烧，扑灭
96.make friends with sb 和某人交朋友
97.have problems doing sth 做某事有困难
98.be sure to do sth = make sure to do sth 确信做某事
be sure of … be sure that + 从句确信….
99.allow n/ v-ing 允许…
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
100. be strict with sb 对某人要求严格be strict in sth 对某事要求严格
101.prefer + n / v-ing to + n/ v-ing 比起…更喜欢…
prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事
would rather do sth than do sth比起…更喜欢…
102. provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物= provide sth for sb
103.be willing to do sth 乐意做某事= be ready to do sth
ed to do sth 过去常常做某事
be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
be used to do sth 被用来做某事
be used for doing sth 被用来做某事
be used as 被当作….而使用
重要句型和惯用法
1.There be 结构
1)这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。

eg.There are twenty girls in our class. have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。

eg.I have a nice watch.
2).There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。

(就近原则)
3).there be 结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to be / there will be
4).反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is there?
5) there be sb doing sth + 地点状语某地某人做什么
2.It's+时间+since动词过去式。

自从...起已有...时间了。

⑴It's two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)
⑵How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了)
3.祈使句+and (那么)...eg.Go straight on and you'll see a school.=If you go straight on, you'll see a school. 5.祈使句+or否则...eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students.=If you don't work hard, you'll fall behind the other
4. The+比较级...，the+比较级... 越...越...
eg.⑴The more, the better. 越多越好。

⑵The harder you work on it, the better you'll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。

)
5.How do you like the film? =What do you think of the film? (你认为这部电影怎样？)
6.What...do with...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...? = how … deal with
虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.
eg.A:What have you done with the library book? B:I've just returned it to the library.
7.I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办？I don't know how to do. ×
8.What...be like?...是什么样的？
eg.⑴What's the weather like? 天气如何？⑵What's your school like? 你们学校是什么样的？
9.What...for?= why? 为何目的？为什么？eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab?
10.one of +最高级＋复数最...之一eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers.
11.find it +形容词+to do eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我发觉学好英语是很有用的)
find +宾语+名词eg.I find him a good boy. (我发现他是个好男孩.)
find +宾语+形容词
eg.I find the door open/closed. (我发现门开/关着) I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我发现我们的包装满了礼物)
12.I don't think+肯定句我想...不eg.I don't think I'll take it. (我想我不买它了)
请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。

13.prefer A to B=like A better than B 更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.
eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken
14.had better do sth.最好干某事.否定:had better not do sth.
特别注意:had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.
eg.You'd better catch a train.
You'd better not talk in class.
You'd better not be late for the class.
15.It is good (nice)of+宾格+to do sth.
eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英语真是太好了)
16.have been to 某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿have gone to 某人已去某地,人不在这儿
sb.have been in +地点某人呆在某地(一段时间)
17.⑴too…形容词(副词)+to…"太…而不能" "太…以致于不"
eg.①The basket is too heavy for me to carry. 这篮子太重我拿不动。

⑵so...that 如此...以致于...上面的too...to结构的句子，可以换成so...that 引导的句子转换。

①The basket is so heavy that I can't carry it.
so + adj / adv that + 从句
such + (a/an) + adj + n + that + 从句
so + adj + (a/an) + n + that + 从句
18.What's the population of ...? ...人口有多少？不说How much population in...?形容人口数量的大用large
eg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA
19.not...until (连词) 直到…才(主句的谓语动词是短暂性动词) 肯定句＋until 到
eg.He says that he won't be free until tomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。

eg.You'd better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天)
20.neither...nor... 既不...也不... either...or... 或者...或者... (谓语动词就近原则)
eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word "hundred".
Either you or she is right.
both...and... 两者都...
eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主语看作复数)
情景交际英语
1.问候：
⑴A:Good morning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi. How do you do ? Nice to meet you. B:回答相同
⑵A:How are you? B:Fine, thank you.And you? Very well,thank you.
2.介绍：⑴This is Mr/Mrs/Miss...⑵I'd like you to meet my parents.⑶My name is....I'm a student.
3.告别A:Goodbye.See you later/tomorrow. Good night. B:回答相同
4.感谢和应答表示感谢通常回答
Thank you very much. Not at all. Thanks a lot. That's OK. Many thanks. That's all right.
Thanks for helping me. You're welcome.
5.祝愿、祝贺和应答
⑴A:Good luck! Best wishes to you. Have a nice/good time/journey. Congratulations! B:Thank you.
⑵A:Happy New Year! Merry Christmas! B:The same to you.
⑶A:Happy birthday to you. B:Thank you.
6.道歉和应答A:I'm sorry.I'm sorry to trouble you. B:It doesn't matter. It's not important. That's nothing.
7.遗憾和同情What a pity!I'm sorry to hear that.
8.邀请和应答A:Would you like to … ?B:Yes, I'd love/ like to. I’d love/ like to ,but ….
9.提供帮助和应答
A:Can I help you?=What can I do for you? Here, take this/my bike. Let me do it for you.
B:Thanks for your help. Yes, please. No, thanks. That's very kind of you.
10.请求允许⑴A:May I...? Can I/Could I...? B:Yes/Certainly/Of course. Yes, do please. OK/All right.
⑵A:Do you mind if I open the window? B:No, not at all. 或Never mind.
11.表示同意和不同意
(1):Certainly/Sure/Of course.Yes, please. Yes, I think so. All right/OK. That's a good idea. I agree with you.
(2):No, I don't think so. I'm afraid not. I really can't agree with you.
12.表示肯定和不肯定1: I'm sure. I'm sure that... 2: I'm not sure. I'm not sure whether/if... Maybe.
13.喜欢和厌恶1: I like /love...(very much) I like /love to... 2: I don't like to... I hate to ...
14. 问时间、日期的应答A:What day is it? B:It's Monday.A:What's the date?B:It's Jan. 10th.
A:What's the time,please? B:It's five o'clock/half past five... It's time to ...
15.请求(1): Can/could you...for me? Will/would you please do sth.? May I have...?
(2): Please give/pass me... Please wait (here/a moment). Please wait for your turn. Please stand in line.
(3): No smoking, please. No noise, please.
16.劝告和建议1:You'd better... You should... You need to...
2:Shall we do sth. ? Let's do sth. . What/How about doing sth. ? 回答: OK. Good idea.
17.禁止和警告1:You mustn't play on the road. If you ... you'll ...
2:Take care.=Be careful.
18.表示感情A:喜悦Great!That's nice. I'm glad/pleased/happy to...
B:焦虑What's wrong? What's the matter with you?I'm/He's/She's worried. Oh, what shall I do?
C:惊奇Really?Oh, dear!Is that so?
19.约会A:Are you free this afternoon? What/How about tomorrow morning? Shall we meet at 4:30 at the school gate?
B:Yes, that's all right. Yes, I'll be free then. All right.See you then.
20.语言困难Pardon? Please say that more slowly again. What do you mean by...? I'm sorry I know only a little English.
21.表示称赞：A:Oh, how nice! Your dress is beautiful. B:It's nice of you to say so. 或Thank you.
22.常见的标志和说明
BUSINESS HOURS NO PHOTOS OFFICE HOURS THIS SIDE UP OPEN CLOSED PULL PUSH EXIT ENTRANCE 营业时间禁止拍照办公时间这边向上开关出口入口
句型
1.反意疑问句：陈述部分＋提问部分。

（1）◎前肯后否，前否后肯。

◎前后人称、数和时态要一致，疑问部分要用代词。

◎事实回答用Yes, 非事实回答用No .
◎如果前面陈述句中有否定词：hardly, little, few, never, rarely, nothing, none , nobody, not, no 等，后面疑问句应该用肯定式。

（2）陈述句中有：have to, had to, ought to, used to, don’t(imperative), somebody / someone, everybody / everyone时，附加疑问句需分别用：don’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, usedn’t / didn’t, will, they等。

My grandma used to be a teacher, usedn’t / didn’t she ? Don’t turn on the TV set, will you ?
（3）陈述句部分是复合句时，提问部分的主语和助动词要与主句一致。

He was reading when the teacher came in, wasn’t he ?
（4）在“I think(guess, suppose, believe)+宾语从句”中，当主语是第一人称时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语应与后面宾语从句相一致；但若主语不是第一人称时，则附加问句与前面主句一致。

I don’t think he can pass the exam, can he ? He believed you had seen her before, didn’t he ?
（5）在含有情态动词must 的句子中，若must 表示推测，提问用must后面的动词。

若must表示有必要时，用needn’t。

若mustn’t表示禁止时，提问用must。

He must be tired, isn’t he ？You must go to Gaozhou, needn’t ？You mustn’t smoke here, must you ?
（6）陈述句部分为祈使句，疑问部分常用will you(表请求)。

注：let’s 用shall we（包括说话人），let us 用will you （不包括说话人）。

Have a cup of tea, will you ? Let’s go now, shall we ? Let us go now, will you ?
2．祈使句：可表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等。

（省主语，动词用原形）
（1）let + 第一人称，第三人称＋（not）动词原形。

Let me try again .
（2）动词原形＋其他成分。

Listen to me carefully .
（3）Don’t (never)+动词原形＋其他成分。

Don’t look out of the window .
（4）Do+动词原形＋其他成分。

Do give him another chance .
注意：1)祈使句＋and/or ＋简单句是常用句型
祈使句+ and + 简单句表示“如果…，就…”
祈使句+ or + 简单句表示“…否则…”
eg. 1.Go down the street,and you'll see a hospital. 2.Be quick,or we'll be late.
2)在祈使句后面，常常附加一个问句，使语气更加委婉。

eg.①Tell me about it,will you/won't you? ②Don't tell anyone,will you? ③Let's go to school,shall we?
3. 感叹句：表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，句尾用“！”。

What 修饰名词，how 修饰形容词、副词。

（1）How ＋形容词/ 副词。

◎How + 形容词＋主＋谓＋•！How cold it is today ! How clever the boy is !
◎How ＋副词＋主＋谓＋•！How fast she runs ! How hard the girls are working !
◎How + 形容词＋ a / an + 名词＋主＋谓＋•！How clever a boy he is ! How funny an elephant it is ! （2）What + 名词。

◎What + a / an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主＋谓＋•！What a fine day it is today !
◎What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主＋谓＋••！What tall trees they are !What good students the boys are !
◎What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主＋谓＋•！What cold water it is ! What delicious milk it is !
怎样做好完形填空
1.先通读一遍全文，对全文内容、作者观点、态度、文体等各方面有个宏观了解。

虽然开始不可能完全了解短文内容，但起码要做到“八、九不离十”。

弄清大意，抓住了主题，便为正确选词打下了可靠的基础。

2.然后读一遍选项，知道均有哪些备选项。

3.再读全文，并且可以边读边用铅笔试将所选的选项的内容填在空白处。

这是一个关键性的分析判断阶段。

同学们要瞻前顾后，字斟句酌。

不能只看空格前后两个词，而是应该看完整的句子。

这时，应调动你学过的全部语言知识，明确题目是要考查你哪方面知识的掌握。

4.再串读，看铅笔填上后，文章意思是否通顺，语法语义是否准确，是否可恢复原貌。

5.切不可不读全文，见一空填一词。

6.同学们要学会利用上下文中的各种语言线索和已有的语言知识来选词。

7.如果遇到一时难以确定的答案可先不填，先去做后面的，或有把握的，待填完其他空白后，再回过头来做前面，有时候，前后空白往往形成互相提示和补充。

同时，同学们还可利用排除法，首先排除不合题意的选项，然后反复比较剩下的选项，这样就可以略为简单一些。

8.最后还要利用自己各方面的知识和语言知识、历史知识、生活常识等，细微分析比较，理解中心，全面验证。

怎样做好阅读理解
1.浏览全文，了解全文的概貌。

2.采用顺读或倒读的方法
3.抓住要点，快速阅读。

4.找出主题句，弄清替代词的指代关系，推断句子结构。

5.分清表层理解和深层理解的含义。

6.突破生词关。

7.在做到以上各点的基础上，再用“排除法”“一次判断”“逐个分析”等方法来判断找出问题的正确答案。