英语从句类型总结.pdf

英语从句类型总结

在复合句中主句是全句的主体, 从句是全句的一个成分, 不能独立。 从句在复合句中的功效,和简单句中的句子成分的功效类似,可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语（以上为名词性

从句） 、定语、 状语等。 因此, 它可以分为主语、 宾语、 表语、 同位语、 定语、 和状语从句。

一、定语从句

在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引

导定语从句的有关系代词

who, whom, whose, which, that 等和关系副词 where, when, 等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。

1. 由 who 引导的定语从句中, who 用作主语, 如：

This is the boy who often helps me.

2. 由 whom 引导的定语从句中, whom 用作宾语,如：

The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.

3. 由 whose 引导的定语从句中, whose 用作定语 ,如 ：

Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?

4．由 which 引导的定语从句中, which 用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如：This is the book which has been retranslated into many languages.

种语言译本的书。（关系代词

Which 用作主语。）这就是那本有多5. 由 that 引导的定语从句中, that 可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如：

The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.

6. 由 when, where, why 引导的定语从句,如 :

I don't know the reason why he was late.

This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.

I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first

time.

注意： 先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,

就用 that(which) ,如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用

where 引导。 This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15

year.)

7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(1) 限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有

省略。

who, whom, whose, which, of which 等,这些关系代词都不能(2) 非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,

没有这种从句, 不影响主句意思的完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,

关系代词用 which, 不用 that; 指人时可用 who,如 ：I ha

two brothers, who are both students.

二、状语从句由从句担任的状语,在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子,它

可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目,也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、

地点、条件、目的等状语从句,这些从句仍是今后高考热点,应作充分准备。同时对方式状

语从句也应引起重视。1、时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until),

2since, once, as soon as ( 或 the moment), by the time, no sooner than, hardly when, every time 等引导。

When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.

He started as soon as he received the news.

Once you see him, you will never forget him.

No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.

2、原因状语从句

原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的,引导这类从句的最常用的连词是

because, since, a now that （既然）等, for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词,语气不如because 强。

He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.

As it is raining, I will not go out.

Now that you mention it, I do remember.

3、地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句的连词是

where 和 wherever 等。Sit wherever you like.

Make a mark where you have a question.

4、目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是

that, in case （以防,以免）等。so, so that （从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order

Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.

She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.

He left early in case he should miss the train.

5、结果状语从句

结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是原因,从句是结果。由

so that （从谓语一般没有情态动词） , so that, such that

She was ill, so that she didnt attend the

meeting.

He was so excited that he could not say a word.等引导。She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.

6、条件状语从句

条件状语从句分真实性 （有可能实现的事情） 与非真实性 （条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情） 条件句。引导条件状语从句的词

（组）主要有 if, unless, so long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only (

= if )

if 不能用 whether 替换。。注意：条件从句中的If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.

You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.

So far as I know （据我所知） , he will be away for three months.

You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go too far away from the river bank.If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.7、让步状语从句让步状语从句可由 although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引导。注意： as 引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。

Though he is a child, he knows a lot.