名词及主谓一致用法和练习

第二讲．名词和主谓一致

主语与谓语在人称、数上取得一致的情况：

1.主语为单数第三人称时，谓语要变单数,即加“S”如：reads，sits

注意特例：

（1）-s, -ss, -o, -x, -sh, -ch 结尾的词要加－es

如：misses，kisses，does，fixes，brushes，astonishes，scratches （2）元音字母＋y结尾＋s；辅音字母＋y结尾，要变成辅音字母＋ies；

如：says，sprays，delays，flies，studies，

（3）－fe，－f 结尾的词尾要变成－ves

如：strife （争吵），stuff （填塞），puff （喘气），

名词的变化(1)名词的数

1) 可数名词的复数形式

2) 既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词

----Tom rented a single room to prepare for the coming exam. （room 为可数名词）

汤姆租了一个单人间准备即将到来的考试。

----Your essay is well–written as a whole, yet there is still some room for improvement. （room为不可数名词）

虽然你的文章写得不错，但还有需要改进的余地。

这样的名词有：experience（可数为“经历”，不可数为“经验”）；beauty （可数为“美人”，不可数为“美”）；office（可数为“办公室”，不可数为“公职”）；success（可数为“成功的人/物”，不可数为“成功”）；judgment （可数为“判决”，不可数为“判断”）；security（可数为“证券”，不可数为“安全”）等。

3) 复合名词复数形式的特殊情况

一般说来，以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式，如：homework, sunlight; 以可数名词结尾的复合名词只将其中的主体名词变为相应的复数，如：bedrooms, bookshelves, housewives, fathers-in-law。此外，我们还需留意复合名词复数形式的如下特殊情况：

2

Every man and woman in this society needs care.

Each boy and each girl here works hard.

No ＋(单数名词或单数代词+单数名词或单数代词) ＋单数谓语

No teacher or student in this school is allowed to disobey the rules.

No teacher and no student in this school is allowed to disobey the rules. 2．集合名词作主语的三种情况

a)有些集合名词作主语，谓语只能用单数形式

furniture, equipment, jewellery, scenery, clothing, bedding,…

（2）有些集合名词作主语，谓语只能用复数形式

people, folk, police, cattle, militia, poultry, mankind…

（3）有些集合名词作主语，看作整体谓语只能用单数形式，看作全体成员，谓语需用复数形式。

team, club, family, class, audience, group, committee, government,

cabinet, board, couple, army, jury, party, staff, faculty, personnel, union,

public,…

The government has made a decision to eliminate drug-abusing.

The government are arguing about the passing of a new law.

The family has lived here for 50 years.

The family are going abroad for a holiday.

4.由both and 连接的两个名词或代词，谓语用复数，但是，由either or ，

neither nor，or，not only but also 连接的两个名词或代词，或在There be ，Here be 的倒装句型中，谓语的单复数取决于临近主语。

Either you or she is needed to help paint the room.

Have neither you nor he been to Tibet?

Not only the students but also their teacher is going to see this new film.

There is a school and some supermarkets nearby.

5.两个名词或代词由一些词（组）相连接，如as well as, together/ along with,

carrying, supported by, accompanied by, besides, apart from, in addition to, but, except, (un)like, no less than, other than 等，谓语需与第一个名/代词取得一致。

Jane, unlike her sisters, does n’t like dancing.

The teacher, in addition to the students, has seen this film.

Tom, no less than Tim, is a promising student.

An old woman, supported by two young pioneers, is crossing the street.

The club, other than the chairman, are in favor of the plan.

6.表示部分数量的词（组）＋of ＋名词＋谓语结构中，谓语的单复数取决于

名词：名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式，谓语用单数；名词为可数名词的复数形式，谓语用复数。

All of the work is done.

All of the students are here.

The whole of the birthday cake has been eaten.

The whole of the muffins have been eaten.

None of the coffee is left.

None of the telephones work/ works.

None of these graduates are/is from parents’ families.

None of them are qualified workers.

7.What 引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数，但若表语中出现复数

名词，则谓语要用复数，以与表语取得一致。

What he said is right.

What the teacher says and does has effect on his students.

What the teacher says and does don’t agree (with each other).

What he bought were two balls.

What they need badly are creative writers.

What I have said and done have nothing to do with you.

What is real to him are the details of his life.

其他名词性从句作主语，用单数谓语

Whether he will pass the test is still unknown.

How he succeeded remains a secret.