高考英语 主语和谓语一致

主语与谓语的一致

在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思及强调的内容。

第一部分主语与谓语的一致的原则

主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致问题一般遵循三条原则：一、语法形态一致二、意义一致三、就近一致原则。

一、语法形式上一致

英语语法要求，主语如果是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式；主语若是复数，谓语动词也要用复数形式。例如:

She likes to eat well.

We all like good food.

We are students and they are teachers.

This is a desk and that’s a chair.

二、意义上一致

主语形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数；谓语动词用复数。例如：

The crowd were running for their lives. 人群在逃命。

单数形式表示复数意义的有people, police, cattle 等。

主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：

The news was very exciting. 这消息令人兴奋。

形复意单的名词有news, works（工厂）,physics, politics, mathematics等。

三、就近一致原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于靠近它的词语。例如由连词or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but等。连接的并列的主语，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。例如: Neither you nor he is right. 你不对他也不对。

【指点迷津】

1、就近一致

1）当主语由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or连接时，

谓语动词通常和最临近的那个主语一致。例如：

Either you or he is to do the work.

Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class.

Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.

2）当there be结构后面有并列主语时，谓语也和最临近的那个一致。如：

There is a dictionary and many books on the table.

There' re ten chairs and a table in the house.

Here is a pen, a few envelopes and same paper far you.

3）做主语的名词或代词后接with，together with，along with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词一般和前面名词或代词一致。这些短语前后可用可不用逗号。如：

A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital

The girl, as well as the bays, has learned to drive a car.

第二部分主语与谓语的一致注意事项

下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。

1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：

1）The book is on the table.

2）He is reading English.

3）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.）

4）How you get there is a problem.

2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：

Children like to play toys.

3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here, there开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：

1）There is a dog near the door.

2）There were no schools in this area before liberation.

3）Here comes the bus.

4）On the wall were two famous paintings.

5）Here is Mr. Brown and his children.

4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：

1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends.

2）He and my father work in the same factory.

3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.

4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.

5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.

6）Every picture except these two has been sold.

7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.

8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.

9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.

5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。如：

1）The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.

2）Bread and butter is their daily food.

3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.

6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：

1）Every boy and every girl has been invited to the party.

2）No teacher and no student is absent today.

3）Many a student is busy with their lessons.

7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

1）Each takes a cup of tea.

2）Either is correct.

3）Neither of them likes this picture.

8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

1）Is everyone here?

2）Nothing is to be done.

9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：

1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.

2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.

3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.