简明语言学教程8

Chapter 9 Language and Culture

1. What is culture?

Culture

2. relationship between language and culture

Discourse community

3. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Linguistic relativity

Strong version---weak version

4. Linguistic evidence of cultural differences

P123-128

5.Cultural teaching and learning

Accultuation

6. cultural overlap and diffusion

7. Intercultual communication

Chapter 10 Language Acquisition

1. definition

Language acquisition—the child’s development of his mother tongue

2. three theories of language acquisition

1) Behaviorist view

Stimulus-Response-Reinforcement

2) Innatist view

ALD

3) Interactionist view

Motherese/caretaker talk

3. Cognitive factors

Two ways

4. language environment and the critical period hypothesis

Critical period

Two versions

5. Stages in child language development

T/F

1. In general, language acquisition refers to children’s development of their native language of the community in which they have been brought up.

2. A certain amount of concious instruction on the part of parents may have no effect on the language of a child.

3. Some languages are more challenging to acquire as a native language.

4. A particular aspect of a language may appear to be more difficult to acquire than an

equivalent part of another language.

5. Many utterance types produced by children do not closely resemble structures found in adult speech.

6. There is a three-word sentence stage in the first language acquisition.

7. Utterances at the multiword stage are often referred to as telegraphic speech.

8. Imitation and overt teachig play a major role in the child’s matery of language.

9. Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and recognizing experiences of the same objective world according to their respective different linguistc coding system.

10. If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.

11. Human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a langauge system are genetically transmitted.

12. In first language acquisition children’s grammar models exactly after the grammar of adult language.

13. Instruction and correction are key factors in child language development.

14. A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence.

15. An innatist view of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologically programmed for language.

16. A child who enters a foreign language speech community by the age of three or four can learn the new language without the trace of an accent.

17. When a child acquires his mother tongue, he also acquires a langue-specific culture and becomes socialized in certain ways.

1 Which of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?

A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.

B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.

C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.

D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.

2. Which stage does the child belong to according to the stage of first language acquisition when we heard his saying like “Baby chair”,”Mummy sock” etc.

A. babbling stage

B. one-word stage

C. two-word stage

D. multi-word stage

3. Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the ____ system of language.

A. phonological

B. semantic

C. grammatical

D. communicative

4. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the

child’s second year.

A) babbling B) one-word