英文摘要写作
论文写作中的英文摘要范例
论文写作中的英文摘要范例英文摘要(Abstract)是论文写作中必不可少的一部分，其作用是概括出论文的主要内容和结论，帮助读者迅速了解论文的核心观点。
本文将提供一篇关于论文写作中英文摘要的范例，以供参考。
AbstractWith the increasing globalization of academic research, it has become essential for scholars to effectively communicate their work to a wider audience. One crucial element in this process is the abstract, which summarizes the main points and findings of a research paper. In this article, we will provide an example of an English abstract for a research paper, demonstrating key elements and tips for writing an effective abstract.IntroductionThe abstract serves as a brief overview of a research paper, allowing readers to quickly grasp the purpose, methodology, and outcomes of the study. It should be concise yet informative, providing enough information to engage the reader while remaining within a specified word limit.Main BodyI. Purpose and BackgroundThe first element of an abstract is a clear statement of the research paper's purpose and its background. It should outline the rationale for the study, highlighting any research gaps or unanswered questions in the field. For example:This research aims to investigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems, with a focus on marine biodiversity and coral reef health. Given the increasing threats to these ecosystems, understanding the potential impacts of climate change is crucial for effective conservation strategies.II. MethodologyThe abstract should briefly describe the methodology employed in the research. This can include the study design, data collection methods, and analytical approaches. However, detailed technical information should be avoided. For example:A combination of field surveys, laboratory experiments, and statistical analyses were conducted to assess the long-term effects of temperature increase and ocean acidification on coral reefs. Data on species diversity, abundance, and health were collected from various reefs in the Caribbean region.III. ResultsThe abstract should highlight the key findings of the research. It should summarize the outcomes and conclusions derived from the data analysis. However, specific data or numerical results should be avoided, focusing instead on general trends and significant discoveries. For example:Our study revealed a significant decline in coral species diversity and overall health in response to increased water temperatures and ocean acidification. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the abundance of commercially important fish species, indicating potential impacts on local communities dependent on coral reef resources.IV. Implications and ConclusionThe abstract should conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of the research and its significance. It should provide a concise statement summarizing the main contributions of the study to the field and any recommendations for future research or policy implications. For example:These findings highlight the urgent need for immediate actions to mitigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems. Implementing measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and establishing marine protected areas can help safeguard marine biodiversity and protect the livelihoods of communities dependent on coral reef resources.ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for communicating the key points and contributions of a research paper. By providing a clear purpose, concise methodology, major findings, and broader implications, the abstract serves as a concise summary of the research work, enticing readers to delve deeper into the full paper. By following the guidelines and structure provided in this example abstract, researchers can enhance their chances of effectively conveying their research to a global audience.。
《英文摘要写作》课件
03
English abstracts follow a standard format and style, ensuring that important information is presented in a consistent and coherent manner
English Abstract Writing Skills
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Use specific and accurate words to understand the main idea of the abstract
Precision
Average redundancy and use the minimum number of words necessary to express the idea
PPT courseware for English Abstract Writing
Overview of English Abstract WritingEnglish Abstract Writing SkillsCommon problems and solutions in English abstract writing
Use concrete language to make ideas more tangible and easier to understand
Avoid using the same word or phrase repeatedly by choosing synonyms or different expressions
Content consideration: The English abstract should provide a brief overview of the research paper or document, focusing on the main points and conclusions Avoidance and irrelevant information
英文摘要的写作技巧
英文摘要的写作技巧
一、写作方法
1、确定主题：写英文摘要时，要确定文章的主题，这是写英文摘要
的首要任务，这样才能把握全文的主旨，为摘要写作构思提供依据。
2、确定摘要内容：接下来，要确定摘要内容，一般来说，英文摘要
是对文章的全部内容进行精简总结，要考虑哪些是文章的重点内容，哪些
是支撑性的内容。
3、分析文章结构：然后，要进行文章的结构分析，把握文章的结构，以及每段内容的主要情节，这样才能把握文章的全部内容。
4、梳理摘要结构：接下来，要根据文章的结构确定摘要的结构，一
般来说英文摘要的结构是以“主题+逻辑分论点”的形式来进行总结。
5、撰写英文摘要：最后，要开始撰写英文摘要，写英文摘要时，要
注意字数，一般英文摘要占整篇文章的20%左右，不宜过多或过少，要适
当精炼。
二、写作注意
1、要注意文章的主旨：写英文摘要时，要注意文章的主旨，去掉无
用的信息，强调核心信息，而不是把全文都写了一遍。
2、要注意语言：写英文摘要时，要注意语言的表达，要尽量使用客观、简洁明了的表达，不要冗长繁琐，也不要太过牵强附会。
3、要注意语法：在写英文摘要时，要注意语法。
英文摘要的写法
主要结论
The results indicated that … The results show that … The results demonstrated that … The results reveal that …
由It 引起的that 从句 It was shown that … It can be seen that … It was found that … It was discovered that … It was concluded that … It has been demonstrated that It was clarified that … It was revealed that … It is considered that … It was confirmed that … It is suggested that … It was supposed that … It has become apparent that …
2、过程与方法(How did you do it?) 过程及方法。主要说明作者主要工作过程及所用的方法，也 应包括众多的边界条件，使用的主要设备和仪器。在英文摘要中， 过程与方法的阐述起着承前启后的作用。开头交待了要解决的问 题(What do you want )之后，接着要回答的自然就是如何解决问 题(How did you do)，而且，最后的结果和结论也往往与研究过 程及方法是密切相关的。大多数作者在阐述过程与方法时，最常 见的问题是泛泛而谈、空洞无物，只有定性的描述，使读者很难 清楚地了解论文中解决问题的过程和方法。因此，在说明过程与 方法时，应结合(指向)论文中的公式、实验框图等来进行阐述， 这样可以既给读者一个清晰的思路，又给那些看不懂中文(但却可 以看懂公式、图、表等)的英文读者以一种可信的感觉。
学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型
学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型1. Introduction （引言）- This paper aims to...- The purpose of this study is to...- The objective of this research is to...- This paper addresses the issue/problem of...2. Background （背景）- In recent years, there has been increasing interest in...- With the growing importance of...- Despite the extensive research on...- The existing literature has largely focused on...3. Methods （方法）- This study utilized a quantitative/qualitative research design.- Data was collected through surveys/interviews/observations.- The sample consisted of...- Statistical analysis was conducted using...4. Results （结果）- The findings of this study indicate that...- The results suggest that...- The analysis revealed that...- There is a significant correlation between...5. Discussion （讨论）- These results provide insights into...- The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of...- The present study contributes to the understanding of...- These findings are consistent with previous research in the field of...6. Conclusion （结论）- In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of...- Based on the findings, it can be concluded that...- This study provides valuable information for...- Further research is needed to explore...7. Limitations （限制）- Although this study has provided significant insights, it is not without limitations.- One limitation of this study is the small sample size.- Another limitation is the reliance on self-reported data.- Future research should address these limitations by...8. Implications （意义）- The findings of this study have practical implications for...- These results have important implications for policymakers/practitioners.- The implications of this study extend beyond the specific context of...- This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of...9. Future Directions （未来方向）- Future research should explore...- Further investigation is needed to determine...- Future studies could examine...- This research sets the stage for future research on...。
英文摘要如何写
一、绪论 (1)要的类型与基本内容 (1)三、英文题名 (2)四、作者与作者单位的英译 (2)五、英文摘要 (2)英文摘要如何写一、绪论文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。
美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。
通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。
而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。
因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。
论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。
国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。
而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。
摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。
语言上要求尽量简炼。
摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。
科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。
书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。
摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。
写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。
要的类型与基本内容英文摘要内容包含题名、摘要及关键词。
gb 7713—87规定，为了国际交流，科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文应附有外文(多用英文）摘要。
原则上讲，以上中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要，但英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯，在撰写英文摘要时应特别注意。
摘要分陈述性的（Descriptive）和资料性的（Informational）两类。
陈述性摘要只说明论文、书籍或文章的主题，多半不介绍内容。
资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。
它可以包括三个组成部分①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图；②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌；③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。
英语论文摘要怎么写
英语论文摘要怎么写，并附上范例一则，希望对大家的英语论文摘要写作有所帮助。
英语专业本科毕业论文论文摘要格式中英文摘要对应，内容要基本保持一致;中文在前，英文在后。
字数为300-500字左右。
1.中文摘要①首行居中打印论文中文标题(宋体四号加粗)②下空一行居中打印摘要二字(宋体小四号加粗)，字间空一字符。
③摘要二字下空一行打印摘要内容(宋体小四号)。
④摘要内容后下空一行打印关键词三字(宋体小四号加粗)，其后接着打印关键词(3-7个，宋体小四号)，各关键词之间用逗号隔开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
2.英文摘要①首行居中打印论文英文标题(Times New Roman四号加粗)②下空一行居中打印英文单词Abstract (Times New Roman 小四号加粗)。
③下空一行打印摘要内容(Times New Roman小四，1.5倍行距，两端对齐)④摘要内容后下空一行打印Key Words ( Times New Roman 小四号加粗)，其后接着打印关键词(3-7个关键词，Times New Roman小四号)。
除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写。
各关键词之间用分号隔开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
⑤摘要正文各自然段首行空5个字符。
Self-Knowledge of Emma(空1行)Abstract(空1行)Emma lives in a quite simple environment. When she is a little child, her mother dies and she is spoiled by her father. Having such a background, Emma is dominant, aggressive and imaginative. After she experiences the two major affairs in her life----the relationship with Harriet and her emotion towards Mr. Knightley, she realizes her own faults and acquires self-knowledge of both moral faults and emotion.After Emma fails to be a match-maker of Harriet and Mr. Knightley, she comes to know that feelings can not be imagined and that she should not force her own idea on others mind. And this is the very beginning of Emma s self-knowledge.(空1行)Key Words: Emma; characters; match-making; self-knowledge范例：A Brief Discussion on Cultural Difference between Chinese and EnglishAbstractWord is the product of society,which is the history of mankind and which is the crystallization of history and culture.It embodied a nation's social consciousness from generation to generation, history, culture, and other areas all the features of human society. The essence of which is dependent because of their different cultural background, language background and traditional factors above. chinese and english are quite different.such as mode of living,values,atandard of behavior,formality,customs. Language is is both the carrier and the product of culture, the cultural enrichment of information is an important part ofculture, Language reflects the culture of development and changes, but also a direct reflection of the cultural differences.As we all know china and english has different cultural atmosphere .china has a long history and rich culture. English in the contemporary world political, economic, cultural and other fields to play with temporary no other language can replace the role of English in a number of countries in addition to the mother tongue but also as a second language or foreign language in common use in many countries. As a symbol system, English is a kind of language, on their use, in today's world there are all sorts of English and English is in fact the name of a simple terms, we can not hope that justice Literal It is a single, homogeneous phenomenon it is all around the world and under different circumstances the use of the many variants of the English pool. However, due to geographical, historical, cultural, and social customs of different factors such as the impact of today's visit to English furniture has evolved into a wider impact on the two variants of the worldwide English, which is British English and American English. With the development of their own language, their own characteristics of the formation, and there are differences between. In American English and British English, is concernedabout the characteristics of the norms word. In this paper, the British and American English in origin and development of a simple introduction, the United Kingdom and the United States in terms of language study and to explore differences in the two English-speaking characteristics and differences, the right to express and enrich the relevant knowledge of English, improve application English ability.Key word: dependent; culture; atmosphere中西方文化差异摘要词是社会的的结晶，是人类历史和文化的结晶。
学习写作英文摘要(2021精选文档)
• Objective: To determine whether body mass index (BMI) in adulthood or childhood affects the reproductive health of women.
• Methods: Totally 36 children with MG were treated by thymectomy from 1984 to 1997. Their ages ranged from 4 to 14 years old, and symptom duration from 2 months to 8 years.
• 结果 本组治愈者占13.9%，改善69.4%， 有效率（治愈和改善）达83.3%， 无恶化 或住院死亡者。
• Results: Patients who were cured accounts for 13.9% and those who got improved for 69.4%. The rate of efficiency (including both cases) amounts to 83.3%, and no patient suffered exacerbated condition or died.
除术 thymectomy 病理类型 pathological types）
• Key Words: Myasthenia gravis; Thymectomy
• 目的 分析儿童重症肌无力的手术疗效
• Objective: To analyze the surgical effects of thymectomy on Myasthenia Gravis (MG) in children.
论文的英文摘要范文
论文的英文摘要范文
1.Background(背景)∶介绍论文研究的背景，描述前者研究存在哪些问题，为自己进行这个研究是为了尝试解决前者存在的这些问题做好铺垫。
2.Method(方法)︰介绍研究中所使用了哪些研究方法，需要注意的是∶因为摘要字数有限，所以Method只是需要简单介绍一下即可，不要花太多篇幅介绍。
3.Results(结果)∶这部分直接写实验得到了什么结果，如果没有实验的就只需要阐述文章研究目的和结果。
4.Conclusion(结论)∶论文相对前者的研究有什么创新或独到见解都要阐述在这里。
Abstract其实就是对整篇英文论文浓缩之后的精华部分。
其目的就要让读者就算没有阅读全文，也能从Abstract中知道这篇论文的核心内容。
所以，摘要的写作一定要在论文的开始就把整篇论文的研究目的或要解决的问题呈现给读者。
说完了Abstract的主要写作内容之后，那么我们来看看好的摘要到底该怎么写:
这里EasyEssay告诉大家一个写摘要的'万能模板——PARI。
对于留学新生们来说特别适用，当大家在国外写英文论文多了之后就会有自己的写作方法，但是在不会写之前，可以先参考一下下面这个写作方法︰
PARI摘要写作方法∶
P=Problem:提出文章需要解决哪些问题
A=Approach:解决提出的问题是用的什么方法
R=Results:解决了提出的问题之后得到了什么结果l=lmpacts:这些结果有什么具体或者实际的影响。
关于计算机的英文文献写作范文摘要
关于计算机的英文文献写作范文摘要全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: All About ComputersHey guys! Have you ever wondered how computers work and why they are so important in our daily lives? In this article, we will dive into the fascinating world of computers and learn all about their history, functions, and impact on society.First off, let's talk about the history of computers. Did you know that the first computer was invented in the early 20th century? It was a huge machine that took up an entire room! But over the years, computers have become smaller, faster, and more powerful. Nowadays, we have laptops, tablets, and smartphones that can fit in the palm of our hands.So, what do computers actually do? Well, they can process information, store data, and perform calculations at incredible speeds. This allows us to do all sorts of cool things like play video games, surf the internet, and communicate with people all over the world.But computers aren't just for fun and games – they also play a crucial role in many industries like healthcare, education, and business. For example, doctors use computers to analyze medical images and diagnose diseases, while teachers use them to create interactive lessons for their students.In conclusion, computers are an essential part of our modern world and they have revolutionized the way we live, work, and play. So the next time you turn on your computer, remember how amazing this technology is and how lucky we are to have it in our lives. Let's give a big shoutout to all the brilliant minds who have made computers possible!篇2Once upon a time, there was a magical invention called a computer. It can do all kinds of cool things like playing games, watching videos, and even helping with homework!Computers are made up of many parts, like the screen, keyboard, and mouse. They also have something called a CPU, which is like the brain of the computer. It helps the computer think and do all the things we want it to do.One important thing about computers is that they can store lots of information. This is called memory. Without memory, thecomputer wouldn't be able to remember all the things we tell it to do.Another cool thing about computers is that they can connect to the internet. The internet is like a giant web that connects all the computers in the world. We can use it to find information, talk to our friends, or even play games with people from other countries!In conclusion, computers are amazing inventions that help us in so many ways. From helping with homework to connecting us with people around the world, computers have made our lives easier and more fun. Let's all give a big round of applause to the wonderful world of computers!篇3Title: Let's Learn About ComputersHey guys! Have you ever wondered how computers work? Well, I'm here to tell you all about it! Computers are super cool machines that can do all sorts of things, like play games, surf the internet, and even help with homework. But how do they actually work?First off, computers have a bunch of different parts that all work together to make them run. There's the CPU, which is like the brain of the computer, the motherboard, which holds all the other parts in place, and the hard drive, which stores all your files and pictures. And let's not forget about the keyboard and mouse, which help you control the computer.But how does all this stuff actually work? Well, when you type something on the keyboard or click the mouse, it sends a signal to the CPU. The CPU then processes that signal and sends it to the motherboard, which tells the other parts of the computer what to do. It's like having a bunch of little helpers inside the computer, all working together to make sure everything runs smoothly.And did you know that computers can do math really fast? That's because they use something called binary code, which is just a bunch of ones and zeros. By combining these numbers in different ways, computers can do all sorts of calculations in the blink of an eye.So next time you're playing a game or doing homework on the computer, remember all the cool stuff that's going on behind the scenes. Computers may seem like magic, but with a little bitof knowledge, you can understand how they work and maybe even become a computer whiz yourself!篇4Computer is a super cool thing in our life! It can help us do so many things, like playing games, watching movies, and even doing homework! In this article, we are going to talk about the history of computers, how they work, and some fun facts about them.First of all, do you know when the first computer was invented? It was actually a long time ago, in the 1940s! Back then, computers were huge machines that took up whole rooms. But now, we have laptops and smartphones that are much smaller and faster.So, how does a computer work? Well, it has a brain called a central processing unit (CPU) that does all the thinking and calculations. It also has memory to store information and input devices like keyboards and mice to help us give commands.There are also different types of computers, like desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. Each of them has its own features and uses. For example, desktops are great for work and gaming, while laptops are good for when we are on the go.Did you know that the first computer bug was actually a real bug? Back in the 1940s, a moth got stuck in a computer and caused it to malfunction. That's why we now call any glitch in a computer system a "bug"!In conclusion, computers are amazing inventions that have changed the way we live and work. They are constantly evolving and becoming more powerful. So next time you use a computer, remember how far technology has come and how much more it can do in the future!篇5Computer is a super cool machine that can do a lot of fun and useful stuff! It has a super fast brain called a processor, and it can store a lot of information in its memory. We can use computers to play games, watch videos, do homework, and even talk to our friends online.There are different parts of a computer, like the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and CPU. The monitor is like a TV screen where we can see what the computer is doing. The keyboard helps us type words and numbers, while the mouse lets us click on things on the screen. The CPU is where all the magic happens – it's like the computer's brain!Computers can also connect to the internet, which is like a super big library with all the information in the world. We can use the internet to search for things, watch videos, play games, and even talk to people from far away. It's really cool how computers can help us learn and have fun at the same time.In conclusion, computers are amazing machines that can do so many things to help us in our daily lives. From playing games to doing homework to connecting with friends online, computers have become an essential part of our lives. We should all be grateful for the technology that allows us to use computers and make our lives easier and more enjoyable. Thank you, computers, for being so awesome!篇6Today I want to talk about something super cool and exciting - computers! Computers are amazing machines that can do so many things to help us in our daily lives. In this article, we will explore the history of computers, how they work, and some of the amazing things they can do.Computers have come a long way since they were first invented. Did you know that the first computer was as big as a room and could only do simple calculations? Now we havecomputers that can fit in the palm of our hands and can do things like play games, send emails, and even help us with our homework.But how do computers actually work? Well, computers are made up of many different parts, like the motherboard, CPU, and hard drive. These parts all work together to process information and carry out tasks. When you type on the keyboard or click the mouse, the computer sends this information to the CPU, which then processes it and sends it back to the screen so you can see the result.Computers can do so many amazing things, like help scientists discover new things, help doctors save lives, and even help us connect with people all over the world. They are truly incredible machines that have changed the way we live our lives.In conclusion, computers are an essential part of our lives and have revolutionized the way we do things. From simple calculations to complex tasks, computers have come a long way and will continue to shape our future. So next time you use a computer, remember how amazing and powerful it is!篇7Title: Computers: The Magical MachinesHey guys! Let's talk about computers today! Computers are like magic machines that can do all sorts of cool things. They can help us play games, do homework, watch videos, and even chat with our friends. Isn't that super awesome?First of all, let's talk about what a computer actually is. A computer is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. It has a bunch of parts like a keyboard, a monitor, a mouse, and a CPU (Central Processing Unit). All these parts work together to make the computer run smoothly.Next, let's chat about how computers work. When we type something on the keyboard or click the mouse, the computer sends all that information to the CPU. The CPU then processes that information and sends it to the monitor, so we can see what we're doing on the screen. It's like a big dance party inside the computer!Now, let's talk about the different types of computers. There are personal computers (PCs) that we use at home or school, laptops that we can take with us anywhere, and even super powerful computers called supercomputers that can do really complex tasks really fast. It's amazing how many different kinds of computers there are!In conclusion, computers are truly magical machines that have changed the way we live and work. They help us do so many things and make our lives easier in so many ways. So next time you're using a computer, remember how incredible it is and how lucky we are to have such amazing technology at our fingertips. Yay for computers!篇8Computers are super cool things that can do a lot of awesome stuff! They can help us play games, do homework, and even talk to our friends online. But do you know how computers work and who invented them? Let me tell you all about it!The first computers were really big and took up a whole room! They were invented a long time ago by some super smart people who wanted to help with really hard math problems. Over time, computers got smaller and faster, and now we have laptops and smartphones that we can carry around with us.Computers are made up of a bunch of parts like the CPU, motherboard, RAM, and hard drive. They all work together to help the computer run smoothly and do all the things we need it to do. When we type on the keyboard or move the mouse, the computer uses these parts to figure out what we want it to do.We can also use programs and apps on the computer to do different things like make art, write stories, or even code our own games! It's so much fun to explore all the things computers can do and learn how to use them in new and exciting ways.So next time you turn on your computer or tablet, remember all the amazing things it can do and how lucky we are to have such cool technology to help us learn and puters are awesome, and I can't wait to see what new things they can do in the future!篇9Title: Let's Talk About Computers!Hey guys! Today I want to talk to you all about computers. Computers are super cool machines that can do so many things, like play games, watch videos, and even help us do our homework. They have different parts like the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and CPU. The CPU is like the brain of the computer, it helps it run smoothly and do all the things we ask it to.Computers also have something called software, which is like all the programs and apps we use on it. We can use software to write documents, edit photos, or even make music. There are so many cool things we can do with computers!But do you know how computers actually work? Well, inside the CPU there are tiny electronic parts called transistors. These transistors help the computer process information quickly and efficiently. Computers also use something called binary code, which is a series of 0s and 1s that the computer understands. It's like a secret language that only computers can understand!So next time you use a computer, remember all the cool things it can do and how it works behind the scenes. Computers are amazing machines that help us in so many ways. Let's keep exploring and learning about them together!篇10Hello everyone, today I want to talk about computers! Computers are super cool machines that can help us do all kinds of things like play games, do homework, and even talk to our friends far away. In this article, I will share some fun facts and information about computers.First of all, did you know that the first computer was as big as a room? Isn't that crazy? Nowadays, our computers can fit in our pockets or even on our wrists like a watch. Computers have become smaller and faster over the years, thanks to amazing technology.Computers have different parts that work together to make them run. There is the central processing unit (CPU) that acts as the brain of the computer, the hard drive where we store all our files and games, and the monitor where we can see everything. It's like a big puzzle that needs all the pieces to work properly.We can use computers for so many things. We can do research for school projects, watch videos on YouTube, or even make our own art using cool programs. The possibilities are endless with a computer by our side.But we also need to be careful when using computers. We should always ask our parents for permission before going online and never share personal information with strangers. It's important to stay safe and responsible when using technology.In conclusion, computers are amazing machines that have changed the way we live and learn. They help us in so many ways and make our lives easier. So next time you use a computer, remember to appreciate all the hard work and technology that goes into making it run smoothly. Thank you for reading and happy computing!。
论文英文摘要写法
2
作者姓名与作者单位英译 1) 作者姓名 中国作者的汉语拼音名字采用如下拼 写方法：姓前名后，中间为空格，姓氏 的全部字母均大写，复姓连写，名字的 首字母大写，名字不缩写。如：ZHANG Zeduan SHANGGUAN Xuzhi
英语国家的作者，采用名前姓后的形式，
其他非英语国家人名按作者自己提供的 罗马字母拼法拼写。
论文摘要写作
I：Introduction
英文摘要的构成摘要是原始文献(一次文 献)的浓缩和代表,它本身给读者一个信息, 即该文献所包含的主要概念和讨论的主要 问题,帮助读者决定此论文是否有用。由 于英文摘要与中文摘要面向不同读者,所 以对英文摘要要求较高的完整性,即读者 不看中文原始文献,只读英文摘要就能对 论文有较完整的了解。它包括介绍性内容 和描述性信息,相对独立于正文。
（2）一般过去时。用于叙述过去某一时
刻(时段)的发现、某一研究过程(实验、 观察、调查等)。例如:The heat-pulse technique was applied to study the sternsapflow(树干液流) of two main deciduous broad-leaved tree species in July and August ,1996。 需要指出的是,用一般过去时描述的发现、 现象,往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永 恒真理的,而只是当时如何如何;所描述的 研究过程,也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。
4
) 大小写 科技论文英文摘要标题中字母大小写 的情况分三种： (1)全部字母均大写。 (2)开头字母以及每个实词首字母大写, 虚词小写。 (3) 开头第一个字母和专有名词大写, 其余均小写。 目前第2种形式较为普遍,第3种的使用 似有增多趋势。
英文文章摘要怎么写.doc
英文文章摘要怎么写英文文章摘要怎么写?英文文章摘要范文【1】abstractthe joy luck clubis written by famous chinese american writer amy tan in the end of 1980s. it isabout the experience of four mothers immigrating fromchinaand their four american born daughtersliving in theunited states.this paper mainly discusses the application of mitchells womens estate in the joyluck club. based on the position of women in society and family, writerthoroughly analyzes the oppressions on women.the paper includes threechapters, t heory of “womens estate”, the position of women in the joy luck club and consciousness-raisingreflected in the joy luck club. accordingly, it is reveals that the oppressionsgiven by men on women in families are inevitable, only can women have theability to liberate themselves.keywords: women; families; oppressions; mitchells“womens estate”论文英文标题、摘要等的写法【2】1.英文题名(标题)1) 题名的结构。
英文摘要万能模板
英文摘要万能模板篇一：英语摘要十大万能模板由于英语摘要是新题型，相对来讲比较难，但是大家摸清基本的套路和方法，就不会无从下笔了，下面的十个模板是从《MBA联考英语写作分册》摘录的，模板很简单，大家把模板背熟，到考试是直接套用就行了，不过最好先找几篇文章练练笔，熟悉一下流程。
英文摘要的基本方法就是：首先，写出中文摘要；其次，把它用简单的英文翻译过来并加以修改。
英文摘要的写作注意事项：1、英文摘要结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。
尽量使用短句，慎用长句。
2、应采用第三人称表达方式，谓语动词用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般过去时。
进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。
3、英文摘要的语态既可采用主动，也可采用被动。
英语摘要十大万能模板框架一In the first paragraph of the dissertation, the author highlights that due attention has to be paid to__. Several fundamental factors have contributed to such a tendency. First and foremost, among the most convincing causes identified by people, one should be stressed, that is __. In addition, as far as the author is concerned, __ is of utmost significance to our society. The last but not the least, as isillustrated in the last paragraph of the essay, the writer also takes __into consideration. Given all the above argument, we can draw the conclusion that __ is indeed crucial.在本段的第一段，强调我们必须充分重视＿（中心词）。
【优质】英文摘要写作指南-word范文模板 (4页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==英文摘要写作指南英文摘要写作指南：摘要（summary）是一种对原始文献（或文章）的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文。
它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的，不加主观评论和解释，但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。
摘要写作（summary writing）是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。
另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。
这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括；既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。
因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。
下面谈谈如何写好英文摘要。
1）细读原文。
首先要仔细阅读全篇作品，然后对作品进行整体分析，掌握原文总的意思和结构，明确全文的主题（the maintheme）和各段的段落大意（the main idea）。
2）弄清要求。
搞清楚是写全文概要，还是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。
分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。
在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）草拟写作提纲并写出初稿。
将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲，以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初稿。
在写作时要特别注意下面几点：（1）摘要应包括原文中的主要事实（main facts）；略去不必要的细节（unnecessary details）。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例。
摘要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。
要用适当的转折词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子。
英文摘要(Abstract)的写作应用很广。论文摘要是全文的
中文含义 黑色 蓝色 棕色 绿色 深色 浅色 深蓝色 深绿色 浅蓝色 浅绿色 橙色 粉红色 紫色 红色 褐色 白色 黄色
Table 6-8 Color abbreviation of harnnesses (GM)
5.2.2 Electrical Symbols
TOYOTA (丰田)
1. battery 2. ground 3. cigarette lighter 4. horn 5. capacitor (condenser) 6. circuit breaker 7. headlight (1) headlight ,single filament (2) headlight, double filament 8. diode, Zenner 9. diode 10. LED(light emitting diode) 11. photodiode 12. motor 13. ignition coil C 14. distributor 15. meter, analog 16. meter, digital 17. light
“was”, “are”和“were”这样的弱动词。
英文摘要的写作技巧
4、摘要的英文写作风格
9） 构成句子时，动词应靠近主语。避免形如以下的句子：
“The decolorization in solutions of the pigment in dioxane, which were exposed to 10 hr of UV irradiation, was no longer irreversible.”
ABS system (Jeep)
BRAKE FLUID LEVEL SWITCH CIRCUIT CAB POWER FEED CIRCUIT CLUSTER FAULT CONTROLLER FAILURE “G” SWITCH NOT PROCESSABLE LEFT FRONT SENSOR CIRCUIT FAILURE LEFT FRONT SENSOR SIGNAL FAILURE LEFT REAR SENSOR CIRCUIT FAILURE LFET REAR SENSOR SIGNAL FAILURE PCI BUS COMMUNICATION PUMP MOTOR NOT WORKING PROPERLY RIGHT FRONT SENSOR CIRCUIT FAILURE RIGHT FRONT SENSOR SIGNAL FAILURE RIGHT REAR SENSOR CIRCUIT FAILURE RIGHT REAR SENSOR SIGNAL FAILURE SYSTEM OVERVOLTAGE SYSTEM UNDERVOLTAGE NO RESPONSE FROM CAB CONTROLLER
学术论文英文摘要的写作方法
学术论文英文摘要的写作方法Step 1: Understand the Purpose and Structure of an Abstract The abstract serves as a brief summary of the entire paper, giving readers an overview of the research topic, objectives, methods, key findings, and conclusions. It should be written in a clear and concise manner to ensure that readers can quickly grasp the main points of the study.Step 3: Write a Clear and Concise Statement of the Research ProblemThe first sentence of your abstract should clearly state the research problem or question that your study addresses. Thiswill help readers understand the context and importance of your research. For example: "This study investigates the impact of social media on adolescent mental health."Step 4: Summarize the Objectives of the StudyStep 5: Describe the Research Design and MethodsStep 6: Present the Main Findings or ResultsSummarize the main findings or results of your study, highlighting the most important or significant findings. Use specific data or examples to support your statements. For example: "The results revealed a significant positive association between social media use and depressive symptomsamong adolescents. Furthermore, self-esteem was found to mediate this relationship, while age and gender were found to moderate the association."Step 7: Discuss the Implications or Significance of the StudyIn the final sentences of your abstract, discuss the implications or significance of your study. Explain how your findings contribute to the existing literature, highlight any practical implications, and suggest potential areas for future research. For example: "These findings have important implications for the understanding and prevention of adolescent mental health problems. Interventions targeting social media use and self-esteem may be effective in reducing depressive symptoms among this population. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and mechanisms underlying this relationship."Step 8: Revise and Edit the AbstractAfter writing the abstract, revise and edit it to ensure clarity, coherence, and conciseness. Remove any unnecessary details, jargon, or technical terms that may make it difficult for non-experts to understand. Make sure that the abstract flows logically and provides a clear summary of the research.Tips for Writing an Effective Abstract:1. Use concise and specific language: Every word counts in an abstract, so choose your words carefully and aim for clear, specific, and concise language.2. Focus on the most important findings: Highlight the key findings that are most relevant to your research question and objectives.3. Avoid unnecessary details: Only include essential information in your abstract. Avoid going into excessive detail or providing background information that is not directly related to your research.4. Be accurate and truthful: Ensure that the information provided in your abstract is accurate and supported by evidence from your study.5. Follow the guidelines provided by the journal or conference: Different journals or conferences may have specific requirements for abstracts, so make sure to follow their guidelines.Example of an Abstract:Title: The Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional StudyAbstract:。
论文写作中的英文摘要范例
论文写作中的英文摘要范例AbstractThe abstract is a crucial component of academic writing, providing readers with a concise summary of the research paper. This article aims to demonstrate a sample format for writing an English abstract in academic papers.1. IntroductionIn academic writing, the abstract serves as a brief overview of the research topic, the methodology used, the main findings, and the overall conclusion. It is typically placed at the beginning of the paper, after the title and author information.2. Length and StructureThe length of an abstract can vary depending on the specific guidelines provided by the journal or conference. However, it is generally recommended to keep the abstract within 150 to 300 words. This ensures that the abstract remains concise and informative.3. ContentThe abstract should contain the following elements:- Research Problem: Clearly state the research problem or objective.- Approach/Methodology: Describe the methodology or approach used in the study.- Results: Summarize the main findings and outcomes of the research.- Conclusion: Present the key conclusions or implications of the study.4. Language and Style- Clear and Concise: Use clear and concise language to convey the main points of the research.- Avoid Abbreviations and Jargon: Use full terms instead of abbreviations, unless they are widely recognized.- Past Tense: Write the abstract in the past tense since the research has already been conducted.- Third Person: Write the abstract in the third person, using objective language.5. Example[The following is a fictional example of an abstract for a research paper on climate change.]Title: The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Tropical RainforestsAbstract:This research aims to investigate the impact of climate change on the biodiversity of tropical rainforests. The study utilized a combination of field surveys, satellite imagery analysis, and statistical modeling to assess changes in species diversity, habitat loss, and ecosystem stability. The results indicated a significant decline in species richness, increased habitat fragmentation, and heightened vulnerability of endemic species to climate-related events. These findings have important implications for conservationstrategies and the management of biodiversity hotspots in the face of climate change. By understanding the effects of climate change on tropical rainforests, policymakers can develop more targeted approaches to mitigate its impact and ensure the long-term survival of these vital ecosystems.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for an academic paper as it provides readers with a concise overview of the research. Following the recommended format and guidelines can help researchers communicate their findings accurately and succinctly. By adhering to the suggested structure and style, authors can ensure their abstracts are informative and engaging for readers.。
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英文摘要写作1. 什么是英文摘要？ABSTRACT，是用最为浓缩的语言将你论文的核心内容表述出来。
删去属于文艺青年的文绉绉的形容词！删去属于二缺青年的“机器译文”！只留下普通、平实的内容。
2. 怎样写英文摘要？可以按照论文的逻辑结构撰写摘要，如概述、目的、方法、结果、结论、展望的顺序。
概述（30词左右）：用最简洁的语言概括论文内容。
例如：This paper is…或This study focuses on…目的（30词左右）：用To…就可以了，没有必要使用in order to 或者for the purpose of 等较长的表述。
方法（50词左右）：尽可能具体地说明操作的步骤，其中注意时态的使用。
常用的词汇有：test, study, investigate, examine, analyze, measure, application 等。
结果（50词左右）：直入主题地摆出结果，如This paper shows…或The results are…结论（60词左右）：删去类似于“The result of the study showed that…”的赘语，逐条罗列出结论。
展望（20词左右）：指出研究对未来的意义，如This paper is of gre at significance in…或指出不足。
3. 英文摘要有多长？一般情况下用一段的篇幅完成英文摘要，特殊情况可以分成两到三段，但最好不要超过三段。
长度一般为200字到300字之间。
4. 英文摘要用什么语态和人称？规范的学术文章通常采用被动语态，突出信息。
但由于主动语态的表述更为清楚，现在有些地方也要求采用主动语态。
5. 英文摘要用什么人称？最好不要出现I，we等第一人称代词，而是使用第三人称，如the author等。
6. 英文摘要用什么时态？摘要的时态以一般现在时为主，表示一种存在于自然界的客观规律。
在特殊的情况下可以使用一般过去时或现在完成时，用来表明一定范围内的结论或是某一过程的延续性。
描述具体的动作时通常用一般过去时，总结主要的结果时通常用一般现在时。
注意：用paper 做主语来描述论文概况时后面常用一般现在时：This paper aims to focus on…而采用study 来描述相同的内容时则常用一般过去时：This study investigated…7. 一定不能出现的东西不常见的术语，插图，表格，数学公式，化学方程式，中文标点，过多的形容词，无关的背景资料，自我评价等。
论文英文摘要写作注意事项2012-10-07 12:09:17论文英文摘要写作注意事项论文摘要，作为一篇论文的精髓，对一篇文章的意义非常重大，但是国内很多人在这方面缺乏足够的重视，会在一定程度上影响论文的质量。
希望能够通过分享这篇文章对广大学生带来相应的帮助。
由于文章是很久以前的，已经无法找到出处，请作者谅解。
论文摘要的时态基本上有两种: 一般现在时、一般过去时。
由于学术论文写作通常采用一般现在时, 摘要也多用一般现在时。
目的、方法、结果及结论部分多用一般现在时, 背景介绍常采用一般过去时。
一般现在时用于描述研究目的和范围、研究内容、结果和结论;一般过去时用于描述论文撰写前作者已做的工作, 也可用于表示转述已发表文献的报导、讨论和研究内容。
语态与人称主张多采用被动语态。
因为使用被动语态不仅可以省略施动者, 避免出现“Ｗｅ”表示式, 而且还可以使需强调的事物做主语而突出了它们的地位,有利于说明事实。
英文摘要往往采用第三人称的被动语态, 可以避免提及有关执行者, 使行文显得客观。
同时, 被动语态句子在结构上有较大的调节余地, 有利于使用恰当的修辞手段, 扩展名词短语, 扩大句子信息量。
但有时采用主动语态比用被动语态在结构上更简练, 表达更英文摘要的翻译英文摘要应直接用英文写, 这样能按英文思维方式更直接、准确地表达原文。
但是, 这对一些作者尚有难度。
在翻译过程中, 要避免按中文字面意义逐字翻译, 应从语篇层次把握原文, 选择恰当的翻译单位。
刘士聪认为, 在翻译过程中, 分析和转换是一个难以截然分开的思维过程, 以主述位作翻译单位, 一方面是注意到了它本身的形式特点, 另一方面也注意到了它在语篇中的衔接功能, 可以把对原文的分析和转换统一起来。
英文摘要的写作根据《ＥＩ》的要求, 一篇较好的英文摘要应较好地回答以下 4 个方面的问题:1) what you want to do(目的)，2）How you did it (方法) ，3) What result didi you get and what conclusions can you draw ( 结果和结论); 4) What is original in your paper ( 创新独到之处) 。
在开头交待论文的目的时, 英文摘要的首句不要重复题名或题名的一部分, 同时摘要中要尽量少谈或不谈背景信息。
在介绍方法、结果和结论时, 忌泛泛而谈, 空洞无物。
在写作时, 要尽可能明确地把论文的创新、独到之处交待出来。
关于英文摘要的文法《ＥＩ》提出了以下几点要求:1) 尽量用短句; 2) 用主动语态而不用被动语态; 3)要尽量简洁, 去掉一切并不增进对摘要理解的多余字句; 4) 介绍过去所做的工作时用过去时态, 介绍结果和结论时则用现在时态。
(1) 研究的背景、目的和范围———常用现在时; (2) 研究的方法、手段或步骤———常用过去时、现在时或现在完成时; (3) 研究的结果———常用过去时; (4) 研究得出的主要结论———常用现在时或情态助动词。
现以下篇英文摘要为例进行分析和说明。
标点符号科技期刊英文摘要中标点符号使用不当的问题很普遍, 主要原因是作者沿用汉语标点符号的习惯。
这类问题在文稿、报告中不明显, 但正式印刷出来后非常抢眼。
所以, 在组织英文摘要时应特别注意以下几点:(1) 英文标点符号中除了破折号长度占2 个英文字符外, 其他均只占1个英文字符( 大致半个汉字) 。
中、英文的逗号、分号、冒号等乍看起来完全一样, 但实际上也是不一样的。
排英文摘要时应转换到英文状态下操作, 避免英文中出现全角标点, 例如“ Darwin's theory of natural selection ” ( 应该是“ Darwin's theory of natural selection ” ) 等, 影响版面的美观。
(2) 英文标点符号中没有“《》”、“、”和“～”。
英文中书名一般用斜体表示, 该用顿号时用逗号, 表示数字范围则用半字线“ - ”。
英文中“～”有时用在阿拉伯数字前表示近似。
(3) 文中破折号、数字范围号与连字符分别为: “—” ( 长度占2 个英文字符) 、“ - ” ( 占1 个英文字符), 而汉语中相应符号的长度分别比其长 1 倍: “——” ( 长度占2 个汉字) 、“—” ( 占1 个汉字) 和“ - ” ( 占半个汉字) 。
此外, 英文中的省略号是3 个由空格隔开的英文句点“ ... ” , 而不是“…”。
(4) 在英文中, 无论引号中是一个单句、短语、从句还是独立成分, 末尾的逗号和句号等一律封闭在引号之内。
(5) 汉语中标点符号前后均不空格, 而英文则不一样。
英文点号前不空, 后要空一格; 英文破折号“——” , 数字范围号“ - ”和连字符“ - ”前后均不空格; 英文引号和括号外面前后均空格, 里面前后均不空格。
(6) 带缩略号的缩略语位于句末时, 可省略一个黑点, 但省略号位于句末时, 句点不能省略。
(7) 可用若干个带连字符的词修饰同一个名词, 例如“ the second-, third-or forth-class mails ”( 二、三、四级邮件), “ three- and four- syllable words ” ( 三音节和四音节词), 不能写作“ three-four-syllable words ”。
例:Blackmur writes, “Mr. Eliot's poetry is not devotional in any sense of which we have been speaking... ” 例:Dashes, parentheses, commas—all are used to set off parenthetical matter(see also page111).数字表示目前科技期刊英文摘要中的数字表示很随便。
在英文中用到数字时是用文字(one,two,three,...) 还是阿拉伯数字(1,2,3,---) 表示, 需要遵循一定的规则, 这就像在中文科技文稿中用汉字还是用阿拉伯数字有一定的规则一样。
一般说来,1 位数(1 至9) 通常用文字表示, 多位数( ≥ 10) 则趋向于使用阿拉伯数字, 也遵循易读、易写、前后一致的原则。
有统计意义的、与单位符号及数字符号一起的数字, 一般都用阿拉伯数字。
在编写时应注意下列问题:(1) 表示概数时, 只能使用英文数字:about five hundreds ( 约500),approximately forty thousands( 近4 万) 。
(2) 阿拉伯数字不宜出现在句子的开头。
例如“ Six percent students voted. ” (6% 的学生投了票) 不宜为“ 6 percent students voted. ”。
这种情况下最好改写句子, 避免用数字开头, 例如“ Fifteen new products are set for release in the next year. ” ( 有15 种新产品决定在明年推出) 可改写为: “ The company decides to release 15 new products in the next year. ” ( 公司决定明年推出15 种新产品) 。
(3) 2 项数字相连时, 其中一个用文字, 另一个用数字, 具体看哪一种方式简短: “ 36 fifty-watt amplifiers ”或“ thirty-six 50 watt amplifiers ” (36 个50W 的放大器) 。
(4)4 位以上的数字最好每隔3 位用1/4 的空格分开。
目前许多书刊上仍用逗号作分隔符。
鉴于有些国家用逗号表示小数点, 为避免引起混淆, 国际标准化组织建议科技书刊中用空格来分隔数字。
这种做法已开始为人们所接受。
例如,US ＄23000, 9600000km 2; 在科技书刊中推荐采用 a × 10n 的形式。