定语从句从句子成分和简单句学起
定语从句(3)从句的本质
定语从句（3）从句的本质从句的本质是：句子作成分/词类在简单句中，成分都是由单词或短语充当的：I know you.主语是I ；谓语是know ；宾语是youI enjoy reading novels.主语是I ；谓语是know ；宾语是reading novels（动宾短语）I know he is ill.主语是I ；谓语是know ；宾语是he is ill（句子）我们可以看出：最后的句子He is ill 是作了句子成分的，作宾语，因此可以叫它为“宾语从句”从另一个角度来说：这个句子相当于一个名词，因此可以叫做“名词性从句”That she finished reading an English novel surprised us all.上面的句子当中，句子She finished reading an English novel作了主语，因此叫“主语从句”，也相当于名词，还可以叫做“名词性从句”She finished reading an Englishnovel yesterday. She finished reading an Englishnovel at the age of 12.She finished reading an Englishnovel when she was 12.从上面的变化情况我们可以看出，从单词作成分，短语作成分到句子作成分，作的都是状语，因此从句叫“状语从句”，或叫“副词性从句”。
The little girl finished reading an English novel. The girl in school uniform finished reading an English novel.The girl who is 12 finished reading an English novel.从上面的变化情况我们可以看出，从单词作成分，短语作成分到句子作成分，作的都是定语，因此从句叫“定语从句”，或叫“形容词性从句”。
英语语法——定语从句
A. 引导定语从句1.连接词有几个？一共有9个：who , whom , whose, that, which , when , where, why, as2. 引导词的功能有哪些？⑴引导定语从句。
⑵代替先行词在定语从句中充当一个成分。
3. 定语从句的关键是什么？判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。
根据充当的成分选择相应的引导词。
4. 只能用that引导定语从句有哪些情况？现行词前为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时．先行词前有：all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等不定代词修饰时．先行词被叙述词修饰时．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时．先行词前only, just, very, last有等修饰时．先行词是表示人和物混杂的两个名词时．主句是以who, which,开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词时．在修饰时间、地点等先行词时，只有用that代替when, where等引导词。
例：I'll never forget the Sunday (that) you first arrived.Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink ?先行词为reason, way (意为“方法”)时，常用that 代替why, which, in which，也可省略．引导词在定语从句中作表语时，多用that引导．先行词是主句表语时．例：It is a dictionary that will help you a lot.当主语以there be 开头时．当先行词是数词时．同一个复合句里有两个定语从句，一个用which，另一个通常用that．5. reason后面用什么引导？way 后面用什么引导？reason后面的定于从句用why引导。
高中英语定语从句学习难点指津
高中英语定语从句学习难点指津定语从句是高中生要重点掌握的语法点之一，学生在学习定语从句时遇到了很多问题，亟待解决。
为了使学生对定语从句的学习不再迷茫，笔者对这些难点进行分析并提出相应的解决对策。
一、不会分析定语从句句子成分，需要构建句子成分、句子类型的相关知识。
学生在学习定语从句时，常忽视与之相关的简单句、并列句和其他主从复合句的知识，产生一些问题。
所以，破解定语从句的关键是正确地处理好初、高中英语语法基础知识的衔接，填补学生语法知识的空白，讲解清楚简单句、并列句、主从复合句的定义与区别。
谓语是句子成分分析的关键。
谓语（predicate verb）用来说明主语的动作、行为、特征或状态，一般由动词或动词短语承担。
谓语动词具有各种时态、语态及语气的变化。
[1]因此，可以这样总结：16种时态中的任意一种（主动/被动）由情态动词+不定式这类构成，都可以视为谓语，其前的名词或代词（相当于名词、代词的短语、从句）就是主语，其后的名词或代词（相当于名词、代词的短语、从句）就是宾语，此时的谓语动词是行为动词中的及物动词，若谓语动词是不及物动词，其后无介词则无宾语，有介词则可接宾语；倘若构成时态的中心动词为连系动词，其后的名词、形容词等就是表语。
一个简单句有且只有一个谓语动词（即时态）；由并列连词串起来的两个或两个以上的简单句称为并列句，其地位平等，也可用分号（；）连接；由从属连词引导，把两个或两个以上的句子连接起来，而其中一个处于主导地位（其前无连词），称为主句，另一个处于从属地位（由连词引导），称为从句，它们一起合称主从复合句。
[2]定语从句属于主从复合句的一种，其从属连词称为关系词。
依据教学经验，定语从句的试题多用到句子成分的分析。
若需用关系代词，则定语从句中必缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语中的某一种，或者先行词代入定语从句可以充当其主语、宾语、表语、定语中的某一种；若需用关系副词，则定语从句必缺少状语，或者先行词可以代入定语从句充当其状语。
(完整版)定语从句归纳
定语从句（the attributive clause ）一．什么叫定语从句？一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。
二．定语从句的结构及种类1. 结构：关系词 +主语+谓语+其它2. 种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三．关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词： who ，whom, whose, that ,which, as2.关系副词： when ，where ，why四．关系词的功用1.起连接作用，引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语。
五．什么是先行词？被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。
六．关系词的用法1.who当先行词是指人得名词或代词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选who 。
The boy who is standingover there is Tom.He who doesn ’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选w h o m.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词，而且关系词在句中作定语时，选whose. This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.②当先行词是指物的名词，而且关系在句中作定语时，选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作主语时，选that.This is a machine that can walk.②当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作宾语时，选that. 另外，that 可以省略。
I like the present (that) my father sent me.③当先行词是指人的名词，关系词也可选用that=whoThe boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.5.which当先行词是指物的名词时，关系词也可选用which ，它在句中作主语或宾语，which=that6.下列情况下，关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything 时Is there anything that I can do for you?②当先行词为不定代词all 时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.③ 当先行词被 all, some, any 修饰时These are all the things that I have done today.④当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.⑤ 当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here.⑥time 作先行词，前面有序数词或last 修饰时This is the last time that I ’ll give y oupocket m o n e y.⑦ 尽管先行词指人，但关系词在句中作表语时。
定语从句超详细讲解和练习无答案
定语从句定语从句的构成：两个简单句：A man is sta nding there.The man is my brother.= 主从复合句：The man who is standing there is my brother.先行词：行，走路的意思。
先行词就是放在从句前面的词，但是本身为定语从句中的一部分。
所以先行词在从句中作什么成分从句中就用什么样的引导词。
关系词：代替先行词承担从句中的句子成分，放在句首引导从句，所以也叫引导词。
(1.关系代词：在从句里代替先行词充当_______________ 、_________ 、__关系词的种类::I 2.关系副词：在从句里代替先行词充当 _________________关系词的作用：①代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分② 把两个句子连起来一、关系代词：注意：⑴、当先行词在从句中作宾语的时候可以省略引导词把下列两个简单句合成一个主从复合句1. He wants to see the man. + The man is in Shanghai.① __________________________________________________________________________② __________________________________________________________________________2.1 have a sister. + She works in Hebei.① __________________________________________________________________________② __________________________________________________________________________4.Do you know the girl? + Her mother works here.① __________________________________________________________________________② __________________________________________________________________________5.1 live in a room. + Its door faces south.① __________________________________________________________________________② __________________________________________________________________________⑵先行词做宾语时who与whom的区别一般情况下不进行区分，除非是紧跟在介词之后1. This is the man. The police are looking for him.—This is the man who/whom/that ) the police are looking for.【who/whom/that 可以省略】其中介词for可以提前—This is the man for whom the police are looking.介词在引导词前面只能用whom,而且不能省略，因为介词之后只能接宾格注：that不能放在介词之后2. John is the driver. We talked about him.—Joh n is the driver _________________ we talked about.—Joh n is the driver about __________ w e talked.、关系副词:把下列两个简单句合成一个主从复合句This is the house. + I was born in the house.—对比：This is the house. The house was built 10 years ago.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 总结：____________________________________________________________________________ We will never forget the day. + We will hold the Olympic Games on the day.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 对比：I will never forget the day . I spent the day with you last year.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 总结：____________________________________________________________________________ I don' t know the reason. + He left here for the reason.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I don 't know the reason. He has told others the reason.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 总结：____________________________________________________________________________ 介词加which 可以等于when、where 或whyThis was a terrible war. + Many people were killed in the war.T① This was a terrible war. + Many people were killed in ___________ .-②_______________________________________________________________________________ -③_______________________________________________________________________________ It is the largest farm in my hometown. A monument stands on the farm.T① It is the largest farm in my hometow n. A monument sta nds on ______ .-②_______________________________________________________________________________ 一③______________________________________________________________________________ The police soon arrived at the sce ne现场）.There was a man lying at the sce ne.T① The police soon arrived at the sce ne现场）.There was a man lying at ______ .一②______________________________________________________________________________ T③ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 总结：where二介词+which，介词是由_____________________ 所决定的。
定语从句用法及重点解析(完整)
定语从句用法及重点解析一.定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。
2，代替先行词。
3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。
关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。
1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。
例如：I don’t like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2. 作宾语：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3. 作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。
例如：What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4. 作状语I’l l never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
定语从句
一、定义用来修饰句子中的名词或代词或其短语的从句，就叫做定语从句。
其实，就是拿句子来做名词、代词或是其短语的定语。
如：It's a book.I bought the book yesterday.以上两句话中，都有book一词，所以可以用定语从句把两句话连起来。
即：It's the book that I bought yesterday.这句话中that引导的I bought yesterday就是一个定语从句，用来修饰the book。
二、两个概念要想学好定语从句，得先弄清楚两个基本概念，即：先行词和关系词。
（一）先行词所谓先行词，就是指定语从句所修饰的成分。
这个名称倒是挺形象的，为什么？因为先行词永远出现在定语从句的前面，总是先走一步的，呵呵！（二）关系词所谓关系词，就是指用来连接定语从句的词语。
关系词可以分为关系代词和关系副词。
需要注意的是，关系代词或关系副词都要在从句中充当成分的，所以是不可或缺的，尽管当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，经常可以省略（本文会继续讲到这个情况）。
我们在来看一下在第一节里出现的句子：It's the book that I bought yesterday.句中的the book就是先行词，被后面的从句I bought yesterday所修饰。
而that就是关系代词，用来连接I bought yesterday，同时又在从句作bought的宾语，而且可以省略。
定语从句的学习，其实就是有关根据先行词的特点选择合适的关系词的学习。
三、分类按照定语从句与先行词的关系紧密与否，可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
（一）限定性定语从句限定性定语从句对先行词起着修饰限定作用，是不可或缺的。
如：These are the apples that/which they sent us two days ago.（二）非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句对先行词起着补充说明作用，可要可不要。
定语从句的用法
定语从句的用法定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定，所以叫做定语从句。
在主句中充当定语成分。
那么你知道定语从句的用法吗?下面跟着店铺一起来学习一下，希望对大家的学习有所帮助!一、基本概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
如：Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which;关系副词有：when, where, why.二、关系词的用法：(一)关系代词的用法：1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如：He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。
3. 作定语用whose, 如：(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize atthat time.注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上a句)，又能作宾语(如上b句)。
定语从句
英语基础语法——定语从句■有关定语从句的概念(1)定语从句：就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。
(2)先行词：就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词不仅起连接作用，而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，关系副词作状语。
如：This is the book that my father bought me yesterday. 这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书。
说明：句中修饰the book的that my father bought me yesterday就是定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的the book这是先行词；代表the book的关系代词that在定语从句中作bought的直接宾语。
The time when he arrives is not known. 他到达的时间还不知道。
说明：句中when he arrives是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的the time是先行词，关系副词when作时间状语。
■关系代词的一般用法先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which或whose均可。
在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。
关系代词作宾语时常被省略。
This is the man who helped me yesterday. 这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。
(作主语)The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming. 你要见的老师来了。
(作see的宾语，可以省略)I met a boy whose father was a astronaut. 我认识一位男孩，他的父亲是宇航员。
定语从句基本概念
关系代词 起着代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当 主语，宾语或定语 2. 关系 词的种类 关系副词 起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用， 在从句中充当状语
The man ( who is standing there) is my brother. 关系词的作用：①代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分 ②把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句
b. 从意义上讲，which 意为“这一点’, 而as 却可表示” 正如那样 有些as从句已成了固定句型, 如： As we all know, as is known to all, as you say, as I can see, As is reported, as you may have heard ……
根据先行词来判断
This is the hero _____ whom we are proud. of In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help. A. to that B. who C. from whom D. to whom turn to sb. for help 根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判断
Step 4. 关系副词
先行词 地点 时间
状语 where when
原因
why/ for which
This is the house. + I was born in the house.（介词短语） = I was born there（副词). where = This is the house_______ I was born.
高中英语语法(句子成分+简单句+定语从句)
高中英语语法（句子成分+简单句+定语从句）一、句子成分句子成分(一)句子由若干部分组成，这些组成部分叫做句子成分。
根据其功能和作用，我们可以把句子成分的种类分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、同位语、状语和独立成分等。
实词一般都能作句子成分，虚词在句子中只能起辅助或连接等作用，不作句子成分。
一、主语二、谓语三、表语四、宾语①双宾语由间接宾语加直接宾语构成，间接宾语表示动作的方向或目的，常指人且须与直接宾语并存；②复合宾语由宾语加宾语补足语构成，补足语是对宾语的补充说明，宾语与补足语间有逻辑上的主谓关系。
五、补语现场练兵：指出下列句子画线部分的句子成分和表现形式。
1．Money isn't everything.2．The days get longer and longer when summer comes.3．His books are in this bag.4．The leaves have turned yellow.5．Some of the students in the school want to go swimming，how about you?6．I don't like the picture on the wall.7．There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.8．To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.9．We had better send for a doctor.10．The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.11．We should help the old and the poor.12．Did you write down what he said?13．He gave it to me yesterday.14．Give the poor man some money.15．We will make them happy.16．We found nobody in.17．Please make yourself at home.18．I'll have my bike repaired.19．He was elected monitor.20．She was found singing in the next room.【答案】 1.表语，代词 2.谓语，系动词＋表语 3.表语，介词短语 4.表语，形容词5.主语，代词 6.谓语，动词7．主语，名词8.主语，不定式短语9.谓语，情态动词＋动词原形10.主语，名词11.宾语，the＋形容词/名词化形容词12.宾语，从句13.双宾语，直接宾语＋间接宾语14.双宾语，间接宾语＋直接宾语15.复合宾语，宾语＋补足语16.宾语补足语，副词17.宾语补足语，介词短语18.宾语补足语，过去分词19.主语补足语，名词20.主语补足语，现在分词短语句子成分(二)六、定语七、同位语that引导的同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别：引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。
定语从句
2.定语从句的构成 2.定语从句的构成
定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词， 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，而引导从 的名词或代词叫作先行词 的词叫关系词 关系代词和关系副词） 关系词（ 句的词叫关系词（关系代词和关系副词）。关系词 一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。 一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。
1.定语从句的概念 1.定语从句的概念
• 定语从句 定语从句—Attributive Clause
• 定语可以由形容词，副词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语， 定语可以由形容词，副词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语， 短语 非谓语动词等来担任。如果一个句子担任定语，这个句子就 非谓语动词等来担任。如果一个句子担任定语， 叫定语从句。 • 定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，还能修饰整个句子。 定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，还能修饰整个句子。 如1.The man who (that)came first is John.
修饰名词man 修饰名词
2. The handkerchief which (that)you gave me wasn’t clean.
修饰名词handkerchief 修饰名词
3..My father does morning exercise every day , which is
good for his health.
先行词 定语从句
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
如：There was a young man who liked paintings. 句中， 为关系代词， 句中， who为关系代词，定语从句 为关系代词 定语从句who liked paintings 修饰先行词a 修饰先行词 young man 。
初中定语从句做题口诀
初中定语从句做题口诀初中定语从句做题口诀导语：以下是店铺精心为大家整理的有关初中定语从句做题口诀，希望对大家有所帮助，欢迎阅读。
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）是高中语法教学的重难点之一，如何有效地习得定语从句一直困扰着教师和学生。
以往定语从句的教学研究主要是罗列出不同关系词的用法或是讲述做题的技巧，要背要记的条条框框太多，不仅显得过于繁琐，而且枯燥无味，学生花了不少时间这些规则，做了大量习题，但学习效果并不理想。
为此，笔者结合句子成分分析，针对定语从句中的教学难点，包括关系词的选择，介词后关系代词的选用，that的`广泛应用，定语从句中谓语形式的选择，限制性（Restrictive Attributive Clauses）与非限制性定语（Non—restrictive Clauses）从句的区别，以及限制性定语从句中as和which的选用，通过对比练习，引导学生为每一难点编不同的口诀，加深理解记忆，提高课堂学习效率。
2.是定语从句定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分（名词或代词），其作用相当于形容词，所以称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面，被定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词（antecedent），如：a.God helps those（先行词）who（关系代词）help themselves（定语从句）.天助自助者。
b.He（先行词）who（关系代词）laughs last laughs best（定语从句）.谁笑到最后谁笑得最美。
c.All（先行词）that（关系代词）glitters（闪光）is not gold （定语从句）.闪光的并非都是金子。
在a—c中，who和that引导的定语从句分别修饰指示代词those，代词he和不定代词all，定语从句紧跟在先行词之后，对先行词进行进一步的限定，如a中，上帝并不是人人都帮，他只帮助那些懂得自救的人，这一意思的表达是由定语从句“who help themselves”完成的。
定语从句句型结构
Sentence Structure 句型结构句型—--按照英语中的动词的类型（五种，即:不及物动词、系动词、单宾动词、双宾动词和复合动词)可以把英语句型划分为五种基本的句型。
一、1。
主语+不及物动词(SV句型）=主谓结构：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成，常用来表示主语的动作。
如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.谓语可有修饰语-状语.They had to travel by air or boat.2。
主语+系动词+主补(SVC句型）=主系表结构:本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。
系动词有：1。
表示特征和存在状态的be，seem, feel, appear，look, smell, taste, sound；2。
表示状态延续的remain, stay, keep, continue, stand；3。
表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall，come，grow；eg：Our English teacher is thirty years old。
The cake tastes delicious。
The potatoes went bad in the fields。
Deep water stays still。
She is in good health。
3.主语+ 动词+ 宾语（SVO句型）=主谓宾结构：本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。
如：1。
Tom has made a mistake。
2。
I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.3。
They haven’t decided where to go next。
4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 4.主语+ 双宾动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语(SVOO句型）=双宾语结构：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语（事物）”组成。
定语从句
⑵ that ① 以疑问代词who 或which 开头的特殊疑 问句,为了避免重复,用that Who is the man that is shouting there? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? ② 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,多用that She is not the girl that she was three years ago. Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.
⑨ 在一个句子中有两个定语从句,第一个关系 代词用that,第二个宜用用who The man that I like is the one who is both competent (能干的)and diligent. 但在平行结构中,应根据平行结构的原则, 重复同一个关系代词. I met a Greek who travelled a lot in the world but who knew very little about his own country.
China is no long the China that she used to be. Mary is no long the girl that she used to be. why This is the reason. She will not come for the reason. This is the reason why she will not come. (why = for which)
③ 先行词被形容词最高级和序数次所修饰时, 用that She has become one of the best actresses that appear on Chinese screens. She was the first woman that was laid off. ④ 先行词为两个或两个以上分别表示人或物, 用that He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. They were talking about thepersons and things that they remembered.定语从句(Atributive Clause)
简单句变定语从句
简单句变定语从句简单句变定语从句定语从句就是由一个句子修饰限定另一个句子的中心词.被修饰限定的成分叫先行词.连接主句和从句的词叫关系代词.关系代词的作用有两点：1 连接主句和从句2 在从句中从句子成分,作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略.关系代词 who,whom,whose,which,thatwho先行词是人 + who + 动词The man is Mr.White.The man has white hair.The man who has white hair is Mr.White.whose先行词是人,whose + 名词I have a friend.His father is a teacher.I have a friend whose father is a teacher.whom先行词是人,whom + 及物动词/不及物动词 + 介词当介词提前的时候,关系代词不能省略.The man is my uncle.We met the man.The man we met is my uncle.The man whom we met is my uncle.The man who met us is my uncle.The man is my uncle.I spoke to the man.定语从句：关系代词whom先行词是人,whom + 及物动词/不及物动词 + 介词当介词提前的时候,关系代词不能省略.The man is my uncle.I spoke to the man.The man whom I spoke to is my uncle.The man to whom I spoke is my uncle.当介词提前的时候,先行词是物时,只能用whichI have a sister.She lives in Paris.I have a sister who lives in Paris.The man who has white hair is Mr.White.I have a friend whose father is a teacher.I see you everyday.I look at the blackboard everyday.The man who we met is my uncle.speak to sb.I spoke to the man.The man whom I spoke to is my uncle.The man to whom I spoke is my uncle.which 是指人以外的'生命或没有生命的东西.先行词（物） + which + 动词He likes the house.The house has a lot of windows.He likes the house which has a lot of/many windows. The books are on the desk.The books are mine.The books are on the counter.The books which are on the counter are mine.The dog is his.The dog is carrying a basket.The dog which is carrying a basket is his.The dog carrying a basket is his.Those men are making all that noise.Those men are repairing the road.Those men who are repairing the road are making all that noise.Those men repairing the road are making all that noise.语法讲解He is the man.He came here last week.whoHe is the man who came here last week.She is the woman.I served the woman yesterday.who/whom She is the woman who I served yesterday.He likes the house which has many windows.当先行词是物时,后边是which.which后有两种情况.1 主语 + 及物动词.2 主语 + 不及物动词 + 介词.This is the letter.I received the letter yesterday.the letter/ whichThis is the letter which I received yesterday.I like the house.He lives in the house.the house/ whichI like the house which he lives in.(which可以省略）I like the house in which he lives.（which不可以省略）That is the boy.I talked about the boy last week.the boy/who/whomThat is the boy who/whom I talked about/told you about last week.That is the boy about whom I told you last week.当先行词是人时,后边是who/that当先行词是人且人做宾语时,后边是who/whom/that1 在从句的情况下,人作主语,后边是及物动词或不及物动词加介词,这样的情况下,关系代词可以省略.2 如果介词提前了,介词后只能加whom当先行词是物时,后边是which/that,如果从句是进行时态,which 和be动词都可以省略.当先行词是物时,关系代词是which/that,后边是人或物都可,后边接及物动词或不及物动词加介词,which/that 作宾语,则可以省略如果是不及物动词加介词情况下,把介词提前,只能用which.当先行词是人和动词时,后边是thatI saw a boy.The boy and his dog were walking in the park.I saw a boy and his dog that were walking in the park.当先行词前由序数词、最高级以及the only,the very,the same,all所修饰,或先行词为nothing,anything,everything 等不定代词时,后边的关系代词只能是that.以who/what/which开头的疑问句,后边的关系代词只能是that.【简单句变定语从句】。
高考英语语法---定语从句
先行词为 引 导 关 词 系 副 词 关 系 代 词 who that whom which whose 人 物/人 人 物 某人/某物的 时间 地点 原因
在定语从句中作 主语 主语或宾语 宾语 宾语或主语 定语 状语 状语 状语 在从 句中 作宾 语可 省去
When Where why
关系代词和关系副词的作用
二、用法 1、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名 词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定 语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语 时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词 保持一致。 1）who(主格), whom（宾格）, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代 词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
The girl whose mother is a teacher works very hard. The room whose windows were broken was mine. In 1998,he returned to the small town where he grew up. I still remember the day when I met him for the first time. The reason why he missed the speech was that he didn’t catch the bus.
3）which, that 所代替的先行词是事物 的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语 等。 例如 ： a) 这是 我们去年参观的） 工厂。 （ ①This is the factory. ②We visited it last year. This is the factory which / that we visited last year. 可以省略 说明：关系代词房屋。 （ ）
定语从句怎么写
定语从句怎么写定语从句怎么写定语从句是比较熟悉也是作文中出现最多的一种语法结构,甚至有的作文中只有简单句和定语从句两种句型。
下面是店铺整理的定语从句怎么写，欢迎大家阅读参考，希望帮助到你。
定语从句怎么写一、吃透句子成分，能找出简单句中的主、宾、表、定语及状语等成分。
主语：主语 (Subject) 是一个句子的主体，一般位于句首。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等均可用作主语。
例如：I’m fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. 我喜欢姐姐，但她有个严重的缺点。
(人教①U3)My background is traditional Chinese music. 我的背景是中国传统音乐。
(外研⑥M4)To find a best friend is difficult. 找到一个好朋友不容易。
(译林⑤U1)No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. 谁也说不准，并且预测也是件冒险的事。
(外研④M1) What is even more unbelievable is the fact that some murderers are let out of prison after three or four years. 更不可思议的是一些杀人犯三四年后获释出狱。
(北师大⑧U24)宾语：宾语(Object) 是动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词之后。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等均可用作宾语。
例如：We often do homework together and we enjoy helping each other. 我们经常一起做作业，乐于彼此帮忙。
(人教①U1) He also writes film music. 他也写影视音乐。
定语从句知识点
一）定语从句的构成A young man + He liked adventure.先行词关系词=连词+代词A young man who liked adventure. 爱冒险的青年人修饰先行词定语从句There was a young man who liked adventure. 有个爱冒险的青年人被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后，引导定语从句。
定语从句都在它所修饰的先行词的后面（位置）。
这一点和汉语不同，汉语关系代词的使用取决于关系词，它们的关系非常密切。
因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称，数必须和先行词保持一致。
（说明）：关系代词that/ which /who 所代替的先行词可以是单数，也可以是复数。
但它们本身无单，复数的变化。
如果它们在定语从句中作主语，那么从句中谓语动词的数要与先行词的数保持一致。
关系代词起着代词和连词的作用。
在从句中关系词既代替前面的先行词在句子里担任一定的成分，又把两个句子连接起来构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。
（说明）复合句两个简单句Thank you for the record.+ You gave me the record.先行词关系代词=连词+代词主从复合句Thank you for the record that/ which you gave me.谢谢你给我的录音机。
定语从句(x) Thank you for the record that/ which you gave me the record.(x) Thank you for the record that/ which you gave it to me.关系代词that / which 紧跟在先行词record 的后面引导定语从句。
关系代词that / which 在从句中既代替先行词record在句子里担任宾语（该定语从句原应为You gave me the record），又起着连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。
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在英语语言中，定语从句出现的频率极高，应用十分广泛，也是高考必考内容之一。
学习定语从句免不了要进行句法结构和语法成分的分析，而这往往是学生的薄弱环节，故此，在学习定语从句之前，学生应打好两方面的基础：
一、吃透句子成分，能找出简单句中的主、宾、表、定语及状语等成分。
注：表语、定语及状语等详见《新课标高中英语语法》
二、学好简单句，在简单句中深入认识及物动词和不及物动词。
英语的句子根据其结构可分为三种类型：简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句有六种基本句型，英语里形形色色、千变万化的句子皆由这六种基本句型演变而来。
学好简单句是学好并列句和复合句的前提。
1. 主语 +
谓语
这种结构中，谓语一般由不及物动词充当。
例如：
Mrs. Black and her children talked and laughed. 布莱克夫人和她的孩子们有说有笑。
Over 500 types of native American animals and plants have disappeared. 美洲已有500多种本 土动植物消失。
2. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语
常见的系动词有：be (是)，become (变成)，seem (看起来)，appear (显得)，get (变得)，grow (变得)，turn (变成)，remain (仍然是)，come (变得)，fall (变得)，hold (保持)，keep (保持)，stand (保持)，stay (保持)，smell (闻起来)，look (看上去)，sound (听起来)，taste (尝起来)，feel (摸起来)等。
例如：
It is a way of thinking. 这是一种思考方式。
(人教②U5)
Its walls remain as good as before. 城墙仍然和以前一样好。
(人教②U1)
All of the food looks, smells and tastes wonderful. 所有食物都色、香、味俱佳。
3. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语
这种结构中，谓语一般由及物动词充当。
例如：
The museum also has an excellent restaurant. 博物馆里还有一家极好的餐馆。
(人教⑥U1)
I like taking risks. 我喜欢冒险。
(北师大⑤U14)
The rapid development of tourism has created many job opportunities. 旅游业的蓬勃发展创造
了很多工作机会。
4. 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语
直接宾语和间接宾语合称为双宾语，间接宾语一般为人，直接宾语一般为物。
常见的能带双宾语的及物动词有：give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write, take, wish, show, offer, teach, get, award, lend, rent, buy, pay, hand, recommend 等。
例如：
One day, he offered me some crack cocaine. 一天，他给了我一些强效可卡因。
(外研②M2) I’ll lend you something to read. 我借些书给你看。
You gave me some good advice. 你给了我一些好建议。
(译林①U2)
5. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语
宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语，常见的带复合宾语结构的及物动词有：elect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, make, notice, see, let, smell, start, watch, appoint, believe, call, catch, allow, ask, cause, consider, expect, know, tell, think, want, wish, listen to, look at等。
例如：I did n’t want all three men to die. 我不想那三个人死。
(外研⑤M3)
My wife calls me a “movie fan”. 我妻子称我为“电影迷”。
(北师大①U1)
I saw them walking across the road. 我看到他们穿过那条马路。
We’ll have the room redecorated. 我们会请人把房间重新装修一下。
6. there be 句型
there be句型常用来表示“在某地/ 某时有某物/ 某人”。
在此句型中，there是引导词，无实义，其主语是be动词之后的名词或名词短语动词。
be在人称和数上应和其后的主语(名词) 保持一致，即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用单数，复数可数名词时用复数。
若be后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，谓语动词常与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。
例如：There is a pen and some books on the desk. 书桌上有支钢笔和几本书。
In Indonesia there is a wildlife park for endangered animals. 在印度尼西亚有一个野
生动物园，它是专门为濒临绝种的动物设立的。
(人教②U4)
该句型中的谓语有时用used to be, seem to be, appear to be, happen to be等词组表示。
例如：
There used to be a castle at the foot of the hill. 过去山脚下有一个城堡。
There seems (to be) something wrong about it. 好像有点不大对头。
There happened to be nobody in the room. 恰好那时候房里没人。
以上内容部分选自《新课标高中英语语法》。