超导的转变温度T
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connections to cuprates
The focus of the talk: Conceptual development!
Conventional Superconductivity
超导现象的发现: Vanishing of Resistivity
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
H. Zai(Tsing), Z.Y. Lu ( People) Q.H. Wang, J.X. Li (Nanjing) J. H. Dai(ZJU), F.C. Zhang(HKU)… ❖ Students & Postdoctor: Chen Fang, Kangjun Seo, Wei-Feng Tsai ❖ S.A. Kivelson (Stanford), B.A. Bernevig( Princeton), Cenke Xu(UCSB) ❖ Lu Yu, D.H. Lee, F. Wang, Q. M. Si
J = - i e (Y*ÑY - YÑY*) - e2 | Y |2 A
2m
m
ÑY = 0
If it is viewed as a single particle, the ground state has a single wavefunction who does not mix with other states when small magnetic field is applied. Therefore, this state must be separated from excited states with an energy gap.
History of Superconductivity
Tc (K) 140
BCS Theory 1957
HgBaCuO TlSrBaCuO
Ginzburg-Landau Josephson
BiCaSrCu2O9
Theory 1950
London (two fluid model) 1934
Effect 1962
两流体模型
London穿透深度λ
London’s Equation
Ñ´
Js
=
- nse2 mc
B,
¶Js ¶t
=
nse2 m
E
Ñ ´ (Ñ ´ B) = l2B
Js
=
-
nse2 mc
A
Gauge Fixed ! Gauge symmetry Breaking!
London’s gap argument
London Brother’s Contribution：
• Meissner Effect is fundamental property of superconductivity
• Superconductivity is a macroscopic quantum phenomenon • Superconductivity state is protected by a gap • Gauge symmetry breaking
超导态基本特性 : ( 2) Flux quantization
h F0 = 2e
London equation （1934）
London模型是基于两流体模型的超导宏观唯象理论， 引入了London穿透深度（Penetration depth)概念 从超导电动力学角度来描述完全迈森纳效应
唯象解释排磁通效应：超导体体内磁通密度为零，使 得任意电流流过超导体只能在表面，这会使得表面电 流密度无穷大，因而必须引入穿透深度概念。
YBa2Cu3O7 High Tc SC Theory ?
77
CeFeAsO1-x 55
LaBaCuO4 MgB2
35
26 Onnes 1911 Mercury(Hg)
Meissner effect 1933
V3Si Nb3Sn
Bednorz & MÜller Nb3Ge Cuprates 1986
SrFe2As2 FeSe
Fe-based 2008
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Outline
• Theory of conventional superconductors • High Tc Superconductors (cuprates) • Iron-based superconductors and its
AcknowleBiblioteka Baidugements
❖ Materials: Z.X Zhao, X.R.Chen (IOP), X.H Chen(USTC), H.H. Wen(Nanjing), G.F. Chen(People), F. M. Fang, Z.A Xu (ZJU) …
❖ ARPES: H. Ding, X. J. Zhou (IOP) , D. L. Feng (Fudan) …. ❖ Neutron: P. C. Dai, S.L Li(IOP), W. Bao(People) ❖ STM: Q.K Xue, X. Chen, Y.Y Wang (Tsing), S.H. Pan(IOP) ❖ NMR: G.Q. Zheng (IOP), W.Q.Yu (People) ❖ Transport: H.Q. Yuan(ZJU), S.Y. Lee(Fudan) ❖ Optics: N.L. Wang (IOP), Q.M. Zhang(People) ❖ Theory: T. Xiang, Z. Fang, X. Dai (IOP) Z.Y. Wen, G. M Zhang,
超导态基本特性:(1) Meissner effect
Walter Hans. Meissner
Robert Ochsenfeld
Perfect Diamangetic
1933年W.Hans. Meissner 和Robert Ochsenfeld 发现超导体的完 全抗磁性，磁化率χ ＝－1，即完全抗磁性，又称为迈斯纳效应。
R/ 0.10 0.05
零电阻特性
* * **
超导的转
变温度 TC
4.10 4.20 4.30 T/K
1908年荷兰物理学家H.开默林－昂内斯液化氦成功，从而达到一个新的 低温区（4.2K以下）。
1911年，他发现，当温度降到4.2K附近时，汞样品的电阻突然降到零。
他把这种性质称为超导电性。
该工作获1913年诺贝尔物理学奖
The focus of the talk: Conceptual development!
Conventional Superconductivity
超导现象的发现: Vanishing of Resistivity
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
H. Zai(Tsing), Z.Y. Lu ( People) Q.H. Wang, J.X. Li (Nanjing) J. H. Dai(ZJU), F.C. Zhang(HKU)… ❖ Students & Postdoctor: Chen Fang, Kangjun Seo, Wei-Feng Tsai ❖ S.A. Kivelson (Stanford), B.A. Bernevig( Princeton), Cenke Xu(UCSB) ❖ Lu Yu, D.H. Lee, F. Wang, Q. M. Si
J = - i e (Y*ÑY - YÑY*) - e2 | Y |2 A
2m
m
ÑY = 0
If it is viewed as a single particle, the ground state has a single wavefunction who does not mix with other states when small magnetic field is applied. Therefore, this state must be separated from excited states with an energy gap.
History of Superconductivity
Tc (K) 140
BCS Theory 1957
HgBaCuO TlSrBaCuO
Ginzburg-Landau Josephson
BiCaSrCu2O9
Theory 1950
London (two fluid model) 1934
Effect 1962
两流体模型
London穿透深度λ
London’s Equation
Ñ´
Js
=
- nse2 mc
B,
¶Js ¶t
=
nse2 m
E
Ñ ´ (Ñ ´ B) = l2B
Js
=
-
nse2 mc
A
Gauge Fixed ! Gauge symmetry Breaking!
London’s gap argument
London Brother’s Contribution：
• Meissner Effect is fundamental property of superconductivity
• Superconductivity is a macroscopic quantum phenomenon • Superconductivity state is protected by a gap • Gauge symmetry breaking
超导态基本特性 : ( 2) Flux quantization
h F0 = 2e
London equation （1934）
London模型是基于两流体模型的超导宏观唯象理论， 引入了London穿透深度（Penetration depth)概念 从超导电动力学角度来描述完全迈森纳效应
唯象解释排磁通效应：超导体体内磁通密度为零，使 得任意电流流过超导体只能在表面，这会使得表面电 流密度无穷大，因而必须引入穿透深度概念。
YBa2Cu3O7 High Tc SC Theory ?
77
CeFeAsO1-x 55
LaBaCuO4 MgB2
35
26 Onnes 1911 Mercury(Hg)
Meissner effect 1933
V3Si Nb3Sn
Bednorz & MÜller Nb3Ge Cuprates 1986
SrFe2As2 FeSe
Fe-based 2008
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Outline
• Theory of conventional superconductors • High Tc Superconductors (cuprates) • Iron-based superconductors and its
AcknowleBiblioteka Baidugements
❖ Materials: Z.X Zhao, X.R.Chen (IOP), X.H Chen(USTC), H.H. Wen(Nanjing), G.F. Chen(People), F. M. Fang, Z.A Xu (ZJU) …
❖ ARPES: H. Ding, X. J. Zhou (IOP) , D. L. Feng (Fudan) …. ❖ Neutron: P. C. Dai, S.L Li(IOP), W. Bao(People) ❖ STM: Q.K Xue, X. Chen, Y.Y Wang (Tsing), S.H. Pan(IOP) ❖ NMR: G.Q. Zheng (IOP), W.Q.Yu (People) ❖ Transport: H.Q. Yuan(ZJU), S.Y. Lee(Fudan) ❖ Optics: N.L. Wang (IOP), Q.M. Zhang(People) ❖ Theory: T. Xiang, Z. Fang, X. Dai (IOP) Z.Y. Wen, G. M Zhang,
超导态基本特性:(1) Meissner effect
Walter Hans. Meissner
Robert Ochsenfeld
Perfect Diamangetic
1933年W.Hans. Meissner 和Robert Ochsenfeld 发现超导体的完 全抗磁性，磁化率χ ＝－1，即完全抗磁性，又称为迈斯纳效应。
R/ 0.10 0.05
零电阻特性
* * **
超导的转
变温度 TC
4.10 4.20 4.30 T/K
1908年荷兰物理学家H.开默林－昂内斯液化氦成功，从而达到一个新的 低温区（4.2K以下）。
1911年，他发现，当温度降到4.2K附近时，汞样品的电阻突然降到零。
他把这种性质称为超导电性。
该工作获1913年诺贝尔物理学奖