英语句子成分分析学案

句子成分及结构

一句子成分

现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：除主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（plement）之外还有表语（predicative）（同位语）。

1.主语

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。

练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面划横线

1.During the 1990s, American country music has bee more and more popular.

2.We often speak English in class.

3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.

4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.

5.Smoking does harm to the health.

6.The rich should help the poor.

7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.

8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.

9.That he isn’t at home is not true

练习2. 改错

1)Do exercise everyday is good for your health.

2)All what he said isn’t true.

3)He came late made his teacher angry.

4)On the desk is two books.

2.谓语：

谓语由动词充当，说明主语所作的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：

He practices runningevery morning.

He reads newspapers every day.

2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：

You may keep the book for two weeks.

He has caught a bad cold.

My sister is crying over there.

I have been waiting for you all the time.

I would stay at home all day.

考点1.在一般现在时中要注意动词第三人称单数

当主语是复数时（不止一个人），后面用动词原形。

当主语是一个人，并且不是I 和you，谓语要用第三人称单数，也就是在后面加-s,-es

1.We/You(你们)/They ____(go) to school every day.

2.Tom and Mike ____(go) to school every day.

3.His children ____(go) to school every day.

4.Tom ____(go) to school every day.

5.My brother ____(go) to school every day.

6.Your sister ____(go) to school every day.

7.Their son ____(go) to school every day.

8.He / She ____(go) to school every day.

考点2.谓语中要有动词，因此形容词前面要加上系动词才能作谓语。如：

Our school very beautiful and we like it very much.×

改___________________________________________-

考点3.在复合谓语中，情态动词和助动词,如：will, shall, would, should, can, may must, could, might,还有had to, had better, used to, would rather等，都没有人称和数的变化，后面用动词原形。

修改下面句子:

She might stayed at home. ______________________________

He must es. ___________________________________

It raining heavily. __________________________________

They planting trees on the farm. ___________________________________

3.表语：

表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, bee, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

划出下列句中的表语, 并说明有什么充当。

1)Our English teacher is an American.

2)Is it yours?

3)The weather has turned cold.

4)The speech is exciting.