名词复数的不规则变化与所有格

名词复数的不规则变化与所有格
名词复数
1）child——children foot——feet tooth——teeth
mouse——mice man——men woman——women
注意：由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen.但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；
2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

如：a dollar，two dollars； a meter，two meters.
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

例如：
people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle，the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词作复数用，
4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，
b. news 为不可数名词。

c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945.
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5）：glasses （眼镜）trousers，clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）；suit（套）；a pair of glasses；two pairs of trousers等。

6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes （各种）鱼。

名词的格
1）单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。

2）若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' room3）凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。

4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。

5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'.例如：John's and Mary's rooms（两间）John and Mary's room（一间）
6）复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。

例如：a month or two's work
不可数名词量的表示
比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。

（不可数）
These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。

（可数）
c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。

例如：
Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。

Two teas，please. 请来两杯茶。

物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。

定语名词的复数
名词作定语1）用复数作定语。

例如：
sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室
2）man，woman，gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。

例如：men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
3）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。

two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋
a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.
不同国籍人的单复数
中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese
澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians
the Russians a Russian two Russians
the Italians an Italian two Italians
the Greek a Greek two Greeks
the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
the Americans an American two Americans
the Indians an Indian two Indians
the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians
the Germans a German two Germans
the English an Englishman two Englishmen
the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
下面是有关英语名词的练习
1. This is ___ reading-room.
A. the teacher’s
B. teacher’s
C. teacher’s
D. the teachers’
2. Nothing was found but ___ broken.
3. How many___ would you like?
A. paper
B. Bread
C. pieces of papers
D. pieces of bread
4. He was praised for his ___.
A. brave
B. Bravery
C. bravely
D. great brave
5. Please get me a new ___ when you go to town.
A. clothes
B. dress
C. clothing
D. trousers
6. There are 34___ doctors in the hospital.
A. woman Bwomen C. woman’s D. women’s
7. Some___ are even thinner than your little finger.
A. bamboo
B. bamboos
C. kinds of bamboo
D. kinds of bamboos
8. He was born in this town and now he lives in ___.
A. Building second
B. Building Two
C. the Building Two
D. Building the Second
9. Old as he is, he has ___to do every day.
A. a lot of work
B. much works
C. lots of homeworks
D. quite a lot of homeworks
10.Jack’s room is furnished with ___.
A. new furnitures
B. many new furnitures
C. many new pieces of furnitures
D. many new pieces of furniture
11. Have you read ___newspaper yet?
A. today’s
B. Today’s
C. the today’s
D. your today’s
12. It’s not far, only ___walk from here to our school.
A. a ten minutes
B. ten minutes
C. a ten minutes’
D. ten minutes’
13. Last month, he wrote me ___letter.
A. a 1000-word
B. 1000 words
C. a 1000-word s
D. 1000 words’
14. He had a ___sleep yesterday.
A. a good night
B. a good-night
C. a good night’s
D. good-night’s
15. ___is not a long way to drive.
C. Three miles’ distance
D. A three-mile-distance
16. His isn’t fit for the work. Please get me ___.
A. something else
B. somebody else
C. someone else’s
D. somebody’s else
17. Do you know how large ___ is?
A. population of China
B. Chinese population
C. China population
D. China’s popu lation
18. ___ is too much for the boy to carry.
A. The box weight
B. The box’s weight
C. The weight of the box
D. The box of the weight
19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest ___ shop?
A. shoes
B. shoe
C. shoes’
D. shoe’s
20. What ___ weather we’re having these days!
A. nice
B. a nice
C. a bad
D. worse
22. I’m going to call at ___ this evening
A. Mr Black
B. the Blacks
C. Mr Black’s
D. Blacks’
23. What Darwin said was an attack on people’s religious ___.
A. belief
B. beliefs
C. beliefs
D. believs
24. There are some ___waiting for you outside.
A. German
B. American
C. grown-up
D. Japanese
25. Their factory has developed a kind of ___ to help people walk.
A. machine
B. machines
C. a machine
D. the machine
26. There’re many ___ in my brother’s album.
A. leafs
B. toys
C. books
D. stamps
27. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of ___.
A. tomatoes Bpotatos C. vegetable D. meats
29. Excuse me, can you change this ___ for me?
A. five-pound note
B. five pounds note
C. five-pound notes
D. five pounds notes
30. While washing up, she broke a ___.
A. glass wine
B. wine glass
C. glass of wine
D. wine of glass
答案: 1-5 DADBB
6-10 BCBAD
11-15 ADACC
16-20 CDCBA
21-25 CCBDA
26-30 DAAAB
2011-05-15。