形容词和副词讲义

形容词和副词讲义
形容词和副词讲义

形容词和副词

(一)形容词的基本功能及其在句子中的位置

说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。

1.形容词作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后。

e.g.The beautiful girl is my sister.那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。

I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。

2.作表语,放在系动词之后。

e.g.Our school is big and clean.我们的学校又大又干净。

I felt terrible this morning.我今天早上感到不舒服。

3.作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。

e.g.You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。

I find it hard to travel around the big city.我发现在这个大城市旅行很难。

4.某些形容词放在定冠词之后,变成名词,表示一类人。常见词有good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead等。

e.g.The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。

The young should be polite to the old.年轻人应该对老年人有礼貌。

(二)形容词比较等级的构成:原级、比较级和最高级

规则变化

不规则变化

注意:不规则变化的比较级和最高级要背熟。

(三)形容词原级用法

1.说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。

e.g.The flowers in the garden are beautiful.这花园里的花很美。

2.有表示绝对概念的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时用形容词原级。

e.g.The boy is too young.这男孩太小了。

Math is very difficult.数学很难。

3.表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。

(1)肯定句中的结构:“A…+as+形容词原级+as+B”

e.g.English is as interesting as Chinese.英语和语文一样有趣。

Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim.小明和吉姆一样高。

(2)否定句中的结构:“A…+as/so+形容词原级+as+B”

e.g.This book isn’t as new as that one.这本书不如那本书新。

I am not so careful as Lucy.我没有露西仔细。

(3)表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。(一次:once,两次:twice,三次以上:数字+times)

e.g.Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍。

This table is twice as long as that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。

(四)形容词比较级用法

1.表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A…+比较级

+than+B”。

e.g.Li Lei’s room is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大。

This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃。

注意:为了避免重复,在从句中常用the one,that,those等词来替代前面出现过的名词。其中the one替代可数名词单数形式,the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式,that替代不可数名词。

e.g.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.

北京的天气比广州的天气冷。

2.有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时,用形容词比较级。

e.g.I feel even worse now.我现在觉得更难受了。

It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多。

3.表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which/Who is+形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。

e.g.Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?李明和王涛哪一个高一些?

Which sweater is more beautiful, the yellow one or the pink one?

哪一件毛衣更漂亮,黄色还是粉红色的?

4.表示“几倍于……”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。

e.g.I am three years older than you.我比你大三岁。

5.表示“两者之间最……一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。

e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary是双胞胎中的高个子。

6.表示“越来越……”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音

春天天气变得越来越暖和。Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.

我们的家乡越来越漂亮了。

7.表示“越……就越……”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。

e.g.The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.我们越是在一起,就越开心。

(五)形容词最高级用法

1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。

e.g.He is the strongest of the three boys.在三个男孩子中,他是最强壮的。

Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。

2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C?”结构。

e.g.Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?

哪个城市最漂亮,,上海还是福州?

3.表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。

e.g.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。

4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”。

e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 长江是中国第一大长河。

5.形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用定冠词the。

e.g.This is our last lesson today.这是我们今天的最后一节课。

Yesterday was his busiest day.昨天是他最忙的一天。

6.形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。

e.g.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是班上最高的学生。

=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人都高。

(六)使用形容词时易混知识

2.比较的对象不能相互包容

牢记下列结构:

比较级+than+any other+单数名词all (the) other+复数名词

any one/anybody elseany of the other+复数名词the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词

注意:在同一范围内进行比较时,必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。

e.g.China is larger than any other country in Asia.中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。

(同一范围内,只能和其他对象进行比较)

China is larger than any country in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。

(不同范围内,可以和其他任意一个对象进行比较)

3.在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时,多音节和部分双音节形容词除使用“not…as/so+形容词原级+as”结构外,还可使用“less+形容词原级+than”结构。

e.g.I am not as careful as Lily. 我没有Lily仔细。

=I am less careful than Lily.

4.许多形容词加-ly可以构成副词,但有些-ly结尾的词不是副词,而是形容词。

friendly(友好的)lonely(孤独的,孤单的)lovely(可爱的,有趣的)

小升初英语 形容词,副词

小升初英语形容词、副词(一) 复习 一、 WherewhatwhosewhenwhyhowWho 1.______________book is it?It’s mine. 2._____________is the Christmas Day?It’s on the December 25th. 3._____________is the pen?It’s under the desk. 4.____________is the dress? It’s blue. 5._____________is the boy in green?He’s Mike. 6._____________day is it today?It’s Monday. 7.______________color do you like best?Red. 8._______________is your sister?He’s 15 years old. 9._______________is this yellow one?It’s beautiful. 10._______________are you late for class?I am sick. 11._________________is the pen?---Ten yuan. 12.________________boys? ---Three boys.选词填空 whichwhat colorhow oldHow muchHow many 二、对划线部分提问 1.This is a photo. _________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________

广州小升初形容词副词

专题:形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 一、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的意义 英语中的形容词和副词,在句子里表示“比较……”、“最……”时,要用特别的形式,即:比较级和最高级。原来的形式称为原级。 如:long longer longest 原级比较级最高级 1.The black pen is very long. 黑色的钢笔很长。 2.The blue pen is longer than the black one. 蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。 3.The red pen is the longest of the three. 红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。 二、形容词、副词比较级的用法 表示两者间的比较用比较级。其常见句式有: 1.“A + be +形容词比较级+ than + B”意思为“A比B更……”。 如:This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 注意: ①在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。 ②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”。 如:A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. ③very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级。 2.“become + 形容词比较级+ and + 形容词比较级”是“变得越来越……”的意思,and连接同一个形容词的比较级。 如:It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了。 注:表示“越来越……”时,若比较级是“原级+ er”构成的,则常用“比较级+ and + 比较级”形式;若比较级是“more + 原级”构成的,需用“more and more + 原级形式”。 如:Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。 3.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式。 如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom? 三、形容词、副词的最高级的用法 形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最……”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如:of the three, in our class等等。 如: He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的。

形容词和副词讲义

形容词和副词 (一)形容词的基本功能及其在句子中的位置 说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。 1.形容词作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后。 e.g.The beautiful girl is my sister.那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。 I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。 2.作表语,放在系动词之后。 e.g.Our school is big and clean.我们的学校又大又干净。 I felt terrible this morning.我今天早上感到不舒服。 3.作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。 e.g.You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。 I find it hard to travel around the big city.我发现在这个大城市旅行很难。 4.某些形容词放在定冠词之后,变成名词,表示一类人。常见词有good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead等。 e.g.The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。 The young should be polite to the old.年轻人应该对老年人有礼貌。 (二)形容词比较等级的构成:原级、比较级和最高级 规则变化

不规则变化

注意:不规则变化的比较级和最高级要背熟。 (三)形容词原级用法 1.说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。 e.g.The flowers in the garden are beautiful.这花园里的花很美。 2.有表示绝对概念的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时用形容词原级。 e.g.The boy is too young.这男孩太小了。 Math is very difficult.数学很难。 3.表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。 (1)肯定句中的结构:“A…+as+形容词原级+as+B” e.g.English is as interesting as Chinese.英语和语文一样有趣。 Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim.小明和吉姆一样高。 (2)否定句中的结构:“A…+as/so+形容词原级+as+B” e.g.This book isn’t as new as that one.这本书不如那本书新。 I am not so careful as Lucy.我没有露西仔细。 (3)表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。(一次:once,两次:twice,三次以上:数字+times) e.g.Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍。 This table is twice as long as that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。 (四)形容词比较级用法

(完整)小升初英语--形容词-副词

小升初英语形容词、副词(一) 知识点 一、形容词副词 1.形容词: 形容词(adjective),简称adj.很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否. 例:Tom is my good friend. He is tall. She is beautiful. 2.副词 副词在句子中修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子。用来说明动作或状态的特征,时间,地点,程度,方式等情况。 1)副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类: ?时间副词:时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。 常见的时间副词有:now ,today, tomorrow, early。 He often comes to school late. What are we going to do tomorrow? ?地点副词:地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。 常见的地点副词有:here, there, home, down, up, off, on, in, out等。: I met an old friend of mine on my way home. ?方式副词:方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的?”这类问题的。 常见的方式副词有:badly, carefully, suddenly, happily, slowly, well, fast, The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the teacher carefully. ?程度副词:程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。 常见的程度副词有:much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too。

形容词副词讲义

形容词副词 定义:中文的意思是“……的”的词是形容词,用来修饰名词; 中文意思是“……地”的词是副词,用来修饰动词、形容词或副词 形容词 与副词 在句中的位置 形容词 形容词的比较级 在句中的位置 名词所有格 副词的比较级 形容词副词的转换 考点清单 练习: 练习 ① It is a ____(sun ) d ay. ② It is a _____(rain ) day. ③ I th ink yo u are a _____(luck) g irl. ④ The teach er sai d he had _____to tell us. A . an ything imp or tan t B. im portant anything C. something imp orta nt D. importan t s omet hing ⑤ Look !Jack is ____(excite ,exci te d) . ⑥ I fe el ____(happy ) ever y d ay. ⑦ Th e bab y is s leeping ,p leas e ke ep______(quiet,qu ietly) 考点二:形容词的比较级

(1)在形容词词尾加上“er”“est”构成比较级、最高级: bright(明亮的)—brighter—brightestbroad(广阔的)—broader—broadestcheap(便宜的)—cheaper—cheapest clean(干净的)—cleaner—cleanest clever(聪明的)—cleverer—cleverest cold(寒冷的)—colder—coldest cool(凉的)—cooler—coolest dark(黑暗的)—darker—darkest dear(贵的)—dearer—dearestdeep(深的)—deeper—deepest fast(迅速的)—faster—fastestfew(少的)—fewer—fewest great(伟大的)—greater—greatest hard(困难的,硬的)—harder—hardest high(高的)—higher—highestkind(善良的)—kinder—kindest light(轻的)—lighter—lightest long(长的)—longer—longest loud(响亮的)—louder—loudest low(低的)—lower—lowest near(近的)—nearer—nearest new(新的)—newer—newest poor(穷的)—poorer—poorest quick(快的)—quicker—quickest quiet(安静的)—quieter—quietestrich(富裕的)—richer—richest short(短的)—shorter—shortest slow(慢的)—slower—slowest small(小的)—smaller—smallest smart(聪明的)—smarter—smartest soft(柔软的)—softer—softeststrong(强壮的)—stronger—strongest sweet(甜的)—sweeter—sweetest tall(高的)-taller-tallest thick(厚的)—thicker—thickest warm(温暖的)—warmer—warmest weak(弱的)—weaker—weakest young(年轻的)—younger—youngest (2).双写最后一个字母,再加上“er”“est”构成比较级、最高级: big(大的)—bigger—biggestfat(胖的)—fatter—fattest hot(热的)—hotter—hottestred(红的)—redder—reddest sad(伤心的)—sadder—saddest thin(瘦的)—thinner—thinnest wet(湿的)—wetter—wettest mad(疯的)—madder—maddest (3).以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词,加上“r”“st”构成比较级、最高级: able(能干的)—abler—ablestbrave(勇敢的)—braver—bravestclose(接近的)—closer—closest fine(好的,完美的)—finer—finest

初中英语形容词和副词讲义

讲义3 :形容词 一、形容词的定义: 表示人或事物的属性,特征或状态的词叫形容词(Adjective).形容词修饰名词,它的基本用法就是为名词提供更多的信息,它分为性质形容词和叙述形容词两类. 二、形容词的位置 1、单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面,做定语。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。 例如:a red flower一朵红花this interesting story这个有趣的故事 six blind men 六个盲人my own house我自己的房子 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 | 例如:I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. 三、形容词和副词的等级变化 大多数形容词和副词有三个级:原级(即原形)、比较级和最高级。 1 一般在词末尾加er变比较级,加est变最高级。 strong —stronger -strongest small--smaller--smallest hard→harder →hardest fast→faster →fastest

2 如果以e结尾,只加r 或st。 《 nice--nicer--nicest fine--finer--finest 3 以重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est。 sad--sadder-- saddest big--bigger--biggest hot--hotter --hottest 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,把y变成i,再加er或est。 angry--angrier-angriest early→earlier →earliest hungry-hungrier-hungriest 5、但是,开放类副词即形容词加ly结尾变成的副词加more或most.如 quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly slowly—more slowly—most slowly · [注]:early中的ly不是后缀,故把y变i再加er和est 6、大部分双音节和所有多音节词都在其前面加more变比较级,加most变最高级 different -more different -most different

(完整)小升初英语系列-形容词和副词

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(1)在形容词词尾加上“er”“est”构成比较级、最高级: bright(明亮的)—brighter—brightest broad(广阔的)—broader—broadest cheap(便宜的)—cheaper—cheapest clean(干净的)—cleaner—cleanest clever(聪明的)—cleverer—cleverest cold(寒冷的)—colder—coldest cool(凉的)—cooler—coolest dark(黑暗的)—darker—darkest dear(贵的)—dearer—dearest deep(深的)—deeper—deepest fast(迅速的)—faster—fastest few(少的)—fewer—fewest great(伟大的)—greater—greatest hard(困难的,硬的)—harder—hardest high(高的)—higher—highest kind(善良的)—kinder—kindest light(轻的)—lighter—lightest long(长的)—longer—longest loud(响亮的)—louder—loudest low(低的)—lower—lowest near(近的)—nearer—nearest new(新的)—newer—newest poor(穷的)—poorer—poorest quick(快的)—quicker—quickest quiet(安静的)—quieter—quietest rich(富裕的)—richer—richest short(短的)—shorter—shortest slow(慢的)—slower—slowest small(小的)—smaller—smallest smart(聪明的)—smarter—smartest soft(柔软的)—softer—softest strong(强壮的)—stronger—strongest sweet(甜的)—sweeter—sweetest tall(高的)-taller-tallest thick(厚的)—thicker—thickest warm(温暖的)—warmer—warmest weak(弱的)—weaker—weakest young(年轻的)—younger—youngest (2).双写最后一个字母,再加上“er”“est”构成比较级、最高级: big(大的)—bigger—biggest fat(胖的)—fatter—fattest hot(热的)—hotter—hottest red(红的)—redder—reddest sad(伤心的)—sadder—saddest thin(瘦的)—thinner—thinnest wet(湿的)—wetter—wettest mad(疯的)—madder—maddest (3).以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词,加上“r”“st”构成比较级、最高级: able(能干的)—abler—ablest brave(勇敢的)—braver—bravest close(接近的)—closer—closest fine(好的,完美的)—finer—finest large(巨大的)—larger—largest late(迟的)—later—latest nice(好的)—nicer—nicest ripe(成熟的)—riper—ripest rude(粗鲁的)—ruder—rudest safe(安全的)—safer—safest

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