英语阅读词义猜测

英语阅读词义猜测

一、根据定义、解释或同位关系来猜测词义。

句子中有些词在其前或其后的文字中就有该词的定义或解释，我们可通过对其定义或解释的理解来推测出它的词义。定义、解释多样，常用“to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is (to say), in other words, namely”等词语来提示下文将对前面的信息加以重复或解释。还有一些标点符号，如：冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。如：

1. The schools are reluctant to take time off --- even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off. (06福建A)

A.kind

B. unwilling

C. free

D. careless

2. Here is the Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar, and reindeer with surprising sauces. (04 福建E)

A.Place in which you can see many mobile homes

B.Mountain where you can get a good view of the valley

C.Town which happens to be near the Banff National Park

D.Restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food

二、通过对比关系来推测词义。

一个生词的前面或后面有时会出现它的反义词或对比词语,我们由此可推知生词的意思。能体现对比关系的词汇很多，主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast with等。标点符号分号也可表示对比。如：

1. Lack of parent willpower may contribute more to juvenile obesity than under-exercising or overeating.（05 天津D）

A.adult education

B. childhood overweight

C. parents’ influence

D. growing pains

2．We tried to borrow white shirts everywhere so as to take part in the evening party. But we tried in vain. Every one of us looked disappointed at the bad news.

A. in surprise

B. uselessly

C. in silence

D. usually

三通过同等关系来推测词义。

所谓同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词意都属于同一义域。在这样的词组和短语中，通常有并列连词and或者or等作同等关系的标志词。据此，只要我们认识其中一个或几个词或短语，即可确定同等关系中生词的词性，在句中的作用和大

概的义域。同义词替换的表达方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similar等。如：

1.I’m delighted to receive a letter from my father. In the letter he told me that he would buy a new bike for me. I’m so happy, because from now on I won’t have to walk a long way to school.

A. very sorry

B. very sad

C. very tired

D. very pleased

2. Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats, often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause right waves that en dangered travelers. People’s food supplies were similarly vulnerable. Even after they had learned how to plant grains, they still needed help from nature to ensure good harvests。（06 重庆E）

A. impossible to make sure of

B. likely to be protected

C. easy to damage

D. difficult to find

四、通过因果关系来推测词义。

我们可通过对原因或结果进行逻辑推理，猜出结果或原因中的生词词义。通常由because, so that, so／such．．．that等词汇及结构来体现。如：

1．The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, of young leaves. (05江西D)

A.regular cutting of the plants

B. frequent watering

C. regular use of chemicals

D. growing the plants high in the mountain

2. But t School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the USA. That’s no surprise, because they offer many benefits. （05 北京春季E）

A.tasks

B. messages C differences D. advantages

五、通过构词法猜测词义

英语中很多单词都是有词根家前后缀组成的，知道词根及前后缀的意思，就可以推断出生词的意思。合成：两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。

如：blackboard, man-made,overthrow

转化：

由某一词性转达化成另一词性，其意义也发生一定的变化。

I was asked to minute the race.

“minute”转化成动词，意为“为……计时”

hand(n.)—hand(v.) empty(adj.)—empty(v.)