计算机专业英语 Chapter1

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《计算机专业英语》(中英文对照)

《计算机专业英语》(中英文对照)
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) 通用自动计算机
计算机专业英语
1-4
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
1.1 The Invention of the Computer
It is hard to say exactly when the modern computer was invented. Starting in the 1930s and through the 1940s, a number of machines were developed that were like computers. But most of these machines did not have all the characteristics that we associate with computers today. These characteristics are that the machine is electronic, that it has a stored program, and that it is general purpose.
计算机专业英语 Computer English
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers 2009.9.1
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
Key points: useful terms and definitions of
在 EDVAC 完 成 之 前 , 其 他 一 些 机 器 建 成 了 , 它 们 吸 收 了 Eckert 、 Mauchly和Neuman设计的要素。其中一部是在英国剑桥研制的电子延迟 存储自动计算机,或简称EDSAC,它在1949年5月首次运行,它可能是世 界的第一台电子储存程序、通用型计算机投入运行。在美国运行的第一 部计算机是二进制自动计算机,或简称BINAC,它在1949年8月投入运行。

计算机专业英语第一章

计算机专业英语第一章
影响
计算机专业英语 》》
计计算算机专机业专英语业》英》语 》》
▪ Several computer generations occur in the history. The first digital computer ENIAC was invented in 1946. It marked the beginning of the first computer phase-mainframe phase. In fact, mainframes have had four generations of products, which are characterized by vacuum tubes, transistors, small and medium scale IC and super LSI circuits respectively.
计算机专业英语 》》
▪ occur
vi.发生,出现
▪ mark
n.标志;v.做标记
▪ phase/stage 阶段
▪ vacuum tubes 真空管
▪ transistor
晶体管
▪ small and medium scale IC 中小规模集成电路
▪ super LSI circuits 超大规模集成电路
Computer
算盘
计计算算机专机业专英语业》英》语 》》
▪ A computer is a fast and efficient digital information processing system. It can accept, store, and process data and produce output results. It’s one of the greatest inventions in science and technology in the 20th century. It has had a long and deep social impact on human life and production.

计算机专业英语

计算机专业英语

Chapter 1 Information Technology,the Internet,and You
In this chapter, we first present an overview of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. Competent end users need to understand these basic parts and how connectivity through the Internet and the Web expands the role of IT in our lives. In subsequent chapters, we will describe these parts of an information system in detail. Present: to show or describe sth/sb from a particular point of view or in a particular way 展现;表现;显示 Overview: a general description or an outline of sth 综述 Role: the degree to which sb/sth is involved in a situation or activity and the effect that they have on it 影响程度;作用
Chapter 1 Information Technology,the Internet,and You
What about you? How are you using information technology? Many interesting and practical uses have recently surfaced to make our personal lives richer and more entertaining. These applications range from recording digital video clips to creating personalized Web sites. Surface: to appear 出现 Personalized: to design sth so that it is suitable for the needs of a particular person 个性化的 Entertaining: interesting and amusing 使人愉 快的 an entertaining speech 妙趣横生的演讲 Range from(A to B): to include a variety of different things in addition to those mentioned 包括……之间的各种事物 Clip: a short part of a film that is shown separately

计算机专业英语(2008影印版)课后习题答案(包括crossword_puzzle的句子翻译)

计算机专业英语(2008影印版)课后习题答案(包括crossword_puzzle的句子翻译)

Computing Essentials 2008课后练习题答案详解Chapter 1: Information Technology, The Internet, and Y ouCrossword Puzzle Answers: (p22)Across1 、The most essential part of an information system. People信息系统最基本的部分。

人7 、Coordinates computer resources. Operating System协调计算机资源。

操作系统10 、Modifies signals for processing. Modem修改信号以便处理。

调制解调器12 、Data that has been processed by the computer. Information计算机处理过的数据。

信息13 、Unprocessed facts. Data没处理过的事实。

数据14 、Notebook computer that accepts handwritten input.. Tablet PC可以用手写输入的笔记本电脑。

平板电脑DownNum. Clue Answer2 、Uses computers to become more productive. End User使用电脑变得更有效率。

终端用户3 、Rules or guidelines to follow when using software, hardware, and data. Procedures使用软件,硬件和数据时遵循的规则或指引。

指令说明书4 、Created by word processors. Document Files文字处理创建出来的。

文档文件5 、Specialized programs that allow input and output devices to communicate. Device Drivers 允许输入和输出设备通信的专业程序。

计算机专业英语课件Unit01

计算机专业英语课件Unit01

1.2 Section B: The Internet of Things
• Words
• bidding[ˈbidiŋ] n. 吩咐,投标 • brew[bruː] v. 煮(咖啡),酿制(啤酒),沏(茶) • gadget[ˈgædʒit] n. 小装置,小器具 • downtime[ˈdauntaim] n. 停止运行时间 • crumble[ˈkrʌmbl] v. 坍塌,损坏 • impending[imˈpendiŋ] adj. 即将发生的,迫在眉
1. Public cloud is a cloud environment in which all cloud infrastructure and computing resources are dedicated to, and accessible by, one customer only. 2. The private cloud provider owns, manages, and assumes all responsibility for the data centers, hardware, and infrastructure 3. Multicloud is the use of two or more public clouds together with a private cloud environment. 4. Hybrid cloud is a combination of public and private cloud environments. 5. SaaS is application software that's hosted in the cloud and that you access and use via a Web browser, a dedicated desktop client, or an API that integrates with your desktop or mobile operating system.

计算机专业英语Unit1

计算机专业英语Unit1

机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 1 Instruction to Computers
Section 1 Situational Dialogue
Computer Festival 1、你们学校有计算机协会吗?如果有,会开展哪些和计 、你们学校有计算机协会吗?如果有, 算机相关的社团活动? 算机相关的社团活动? 2、如果由你是计算机协会会长,负责组织一次大学生电 、如果由你是计算机协会会长, 脑节,你将如何规划? 脑节,你将如何规划?
机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 1 Instruction to Computers
Section 2 Passage A:Evolution of Computers :
1、什么是计算机? 、什么是计算机? 2、计算机的发展史是怎样的? 、计算机的发展史是怎样的? 3、计算机是如何分类的? 、计算机是如何分类的?
机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A
• Categories of Computers
Micro Computer Also called personal computers, computers that can perform all of its input, process, output, and storage activities by itself.
机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A
• processing speed • workstation • supercomputer • mainframe • CPU • micro computer • analytical engine • vacuum tube • ENIAC • IBM • machine language

计算机专业英语 复习

计算机专业英语 复习

Chapter 11.Raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds.a.data2.Perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources。

h。

utilities3.Type of application programs that are more narrowly focused on specificdisciplines and occupations。

f。

specialized4.Also known as servers. b。

midrange computers5.The most widely used handheld computers are smartphones and ___。

d。

PDAs6.Type of memory that is sometimes referred to as temporary storagebecause its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted. e。

RAM7.The most important kinds of secondary media are hard disks,solid—statestorage, and ___。

c。

optical disks8.The type of solid—state drive widely used for transporting data andinformation between computers and a variety of specialty devices。

g. USB9.Type of file created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things likebudgets and to predict sales。

计算机专业英语-1

计算机专业英语-1
步骤:人们在使用软件,硬件和数据时所遵守的规 则或准则都称之为步骤。这些步骤是由计算机专家们写 的典型的使用手册文档。软件和硬件厂家为他们的产品 提供使用手册。这些使用手册不是纸制的,就是电子版 的。
郑州升达经贸管理学院
6
Software: A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. Software is another name for a program or programs. The purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts). For example, a payroll program would instruct the computer to take the number of hours you worked in a week (data) and multiply it by your pay rate(data) to determine how much you are paid for the week (information).
郑州升达经贸管理学院
3
When you think of a microcomputer, perhaps you think of just the equipment itself. That is, you think of the monitor or the keyboard. Yet, there is more to it than that. The way to think about a microcomputer is as part of an information system. An information system has five parts: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.

计算机专业英语课后答案(清华大学出版社第二版)

计算机专业英语课后答案(清华大学出版社第二版)

计算机专业英语课后答案(清华⼤学出版社第⼆版)第⼀章Computer system overview(操作系统概述)I. Pre-reading Questions1.What is a digital computer?The digital computer is a digital system that performs various computational tasks. The word “digital”implies that theinformation in the computer is represented by variables that take a limited number of discrete values. These values are processed internally by components that can maintain a limited number of discrete states. Digital computer is also called electronic computer or computer.2.Are there any differences between the binary number system and the common decimal number system?The decimal digits has ten digits: 0,1,2,,, and 9. The binary number system has two digits: 0 and 1. The binary numbers use a base 2. The decimal digits use a base 10.3.How many types of computers do you know? Name at least four of them. Computers are usually classified into four broad categories: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers and supercomputers.II Fill in the following blanks.1.Application software is designed to accomplish real-world tasks in fields.2. An 8-bit signed integer can have any value between -128 and 1273. System software controls the computer and enables it to run the hardware and applications software.4. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system .5. List four types of computers: microcomputers, minicomputers , mainframe computers,and s upercomputers .III True or False.1. The software system is the physical equipment that you can see and touch. 1.F2. Typically, a data value is set to zero to represent FALSE and 1 value forTRUE. 2.F3. In the earliest general-purpose computer, most input and output media were magnetic disks. 3. F4.T4. Supercomputers are largest, fastest, and most expensive computer available.5. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. 5. T IV Matching terms.1、(b) CPUThe processing unit is at the heart of a computer.2、(c) bit A unit of information conveyed by a single binary digit.3、(a) integrated circuit (IC)A complete electronic circuit that packages transistors and other electronic components on a small silicon chip.4、(d) ASCII A system for encoding characters as binary digits.V Translating Terms.(1) coding techniques 编码技术(2) application software 应⽤软件(3) floating point data 浮点数据(4) timesharing 分时,分时技术(5) storage capacities 存储容量VI Choose the best one of the four answers given to fill in each blank.This chapter introduces digital computer, data types, the evolution of computers, and types of computers. 1 is known to all, it’s hard to find a field in 2 computers are not being used. Digital computer, also called electronic computer or computer, is a digital system that 3 various computational tasks. Digital computers use the 4 number system, which has two digits: 0 and 1.By usingvarious coding 5 , groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers 6 other discrete symbols, such as decimal digits or letters of the alphabet. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. Programs tell the hardware what to do. 7 software is designed to accomplishreal-world tasks in fields such as accounting, entertainment, and engineering. Computers are usually 8 into four broad categories: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers. It’s hard to give a 9 definition to each type because computer speeds and storage 10 change rapidly.1. A. As B. It C. As it D. That2. A. what B. which C. where D. when3. A. performs B. carries C. makes D. integrates4. A. decimal B. binary C. Arabian D. American5. A. technique B. Technology C. techniques D. technologies6. A. instead of B. rather than C. but also D. as well7. A. Application B. System C. Word D. Excel8. A. put B. made C. conducted D. classified9. A. precious B. progress C. proceeding D. precise10. A. capacities B. capable C. capabilities D. capacity1.A2. B3. A4. B5. C6. C7. A8. D9. D 1 0.CVII. Translate the following into English.1.By using various coding techniques, groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers but also other discrete symbols.通过应⽤各种编码技术。

济南大学计算机专业英语第一章答案

济南大学计算机专业英语第一章答案

Homework of Chapter One1. Chapter 1 Multiple ChoiceSelect the best answer for each question below. When you are finished, check your answers by clicking the 'Check Answers' button at the bottom of the page.1. People, procedures, software, hardware, and data are the five parts of a(n)competency systemcomputer systeminformation system✔software system2. Procedures are typically documented in manuals written bycomputer specialists✔end usersMicrosoftservice providers3. Which of the following is an example of connectivity?datahard diskInternet✔power cord4. Windows 7 is an example of a(n)application softwarebrowseroperating system✔shareware5. The most powerful type of computer.mainframe computersmicrocomputersminicomputerssupercomputers✔6. The system component that controls and manipulates data in order to produce information is called thekeyboardmicroprocessor✔monitormouse7. These devices translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process.displayinput✔outputpointer8. A DVD is an example of a(n)hard diskoptical disc✔output devicesolid-state storage device9. This type of file is created by word processors.worksheetdocument✔databasepresentation10. Many experts are predicting that this revolution is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.graphicsinputmemorywireless✔2. Chapter 1 MatchingMatch the definitions with the terms in the box to the right by entering the letter for each term next to its correct definition below.1. e Guidelines people follow when using software.2. f Consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work.3. i Software that enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware.4. h The most powerful type of computer.5. a The least powerful and most widely used type of computer.6. c Translates the processed information from the computer into a form that humans can understand.7. g Holds data and programs even after electrical power to the system has been turned off.9. d A type of handheld computer.10. j The largest network in the world.3. Chapter 1 Open-Ended Questions⑴. Explain the five parts of an information system. What part do people play in this system?An information system typically consists of: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and connectivity. Information systems are used by people in order to increase productivity. Procedures are rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data. Software is a program that contains the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. Hardware consists of the physical equipment that processes the data to create information. Data consists of raw unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds. Almost all of today's computer systems add an additional part to the information system. This part, called connectivity,typically uses the Internet and allows users to greatly expand the capability and usefulness of their information systems.⑵. What is system software? What kinds of programs are included in system software?System software is “background” software that enables the application software to interact with the computer. System software consists of the operating system, utilities, device drivers, and language translators. It works with application software to handle the majority of technical details.⑶. Define and compare basic and specialized application software.- Describe some different types of basic applications.- Describe some types of specialized applications.Basic or general-purpose applications are widely used in a large number of careers. One of these general-purpose applications is a browser to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet.Other basic a pplications are word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation graphics.Specialized applications are programs that are narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Some of the best known are multimedia, Web authoring, graphics, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence.⑷. Describe the different types of computers.- What is the most common type?- What are the types of microcomputers?There are four types of computers: supercomputers, mainframe computers, midrange and microcomputers.Microcomputers are the least powerful, yet the most widely used type of computer.There are four types of microcomputers: desktop computers, notebooks, tablets, and handheld computers.⑸. What is connectivity? What are wireless devices and the wireless revolution? What is a computer network? What are the Internet and the Web? What is cloud computing?Connectivity is the capability of the microcomputer to use information from the world beyond one’s desk. Data and information can be sent over telephone or cable lines and through the air so that computers can talk to each other and share information.Wireless devices are wireless mouse, wireless network card and wireless modem etc.Wireless revolution is a revolution that is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.Computer network is a communication system connecting two or more computers and their peripheral devices to exchange information and share resources.Internet is a huge computer network available to everyone with a microcomputer and a means to connect to it. It is the actual physical network made up of wires, cables, and satellites as opposed to the Web, which is the multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet.Cloud computing is that data are stored at a server on the Internet and available anywhere the Internet can be accessed.4. Chapter 1 True / False Questions1. The parts of an information system are: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and connectivity.True False2. The purpose of software is to convert data into information.True False3. Software is another name for a program or programs.True False4. To be a competent computer user, you must understand the essentials of information technology (IT).True False5. Application software is "background" software which helps the computer manage its own internal resources.True False6. System software is a collection of programs.True False7. Antivirus software is a Windows utility that is unnecessary as long as you are careful browsing the Internet.True False8. System software might be described as end user software.True False9. A browser is an example of system software.True False10. Another name for a midrange computer is server.True False5. Chapter 1 Fill in the Blank Questions1. Computer _competency_ refers to acquiring computer-related skills.2. In an information system, the rules or guidelines for people to follow are called _procedures_.3. _Hardware_ is the component of the information system that is described as the equipment that processes data to create information.4. The component of the information system that is described as raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, is called _ data_.5. _ System software_ is a collection of programs that helps the computer manage its own resources and enables application software to interact with computer hardware.6. _Device drivers_ are classified under system software and are specialized programs designed to allow input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.7. Application software can be categorized as either general-purpose applications, specialized applications or _ mobile_ applications.8. The general-purpose application used to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet is called a _ browser_.9. _Mainframe_ computers are not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, but are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.10. The four types of microcomputers are: _desktop_ computers, notebooks, tablets, and handheld computers.。

《计算机专业英语》霍宏涛Chapter1

《计算机专业英语》霍宏涛Chapter1

1-2 The Year 2038 Problem
Key Words
pun wrap around odometer haywire lurk pooh-pooh impending plague n.俏皮话 回卷 n.里程表 adj.混乱的 v.潜伏 v.轻视 adj.即将发生的 v.折磨
Key Words
moderate spreadsheet surf fray onslaught clone pin down high-end low-end
adj.中等的,适度的 n.电子表格程序 v.浏览,专指上网浏览,和internet连用 n.竞争 n.猛攻 n.克隆,仿制,仿造 确定,明确 adj.高端的 adj.低端的
Professional English in Computer Field
Chapter One The Fundamental of Computers
内容
正文
Computers Types The Year 2038 Problem
阅读材料
History of Electronic Digital Computers Cable vs. DSL
legacy code scratch backward compatibility blindly computer-illiterate scenario doomsday 难以替换的代码 n.什么都没有 向后兼容 adv.盲目地 不懂计算机的 n.方案 n.最后的审判日
Notes
A later generation of UNIX authors, fearful that stuffy, humorless corporate drones would remove this cherished pun, added a programmer's comment inside the documentation's source code that read, "Take this out and a UNIX demon will dog your steps until the time_t's wrap around!" 一个后期的UNIX作者由于担心那些自命不凡、没有幽默感的企业 里的“雄蜂”们会删掉这段他心爱的俏皮话,于是在源代码文档上加 了一段程序员的注释, “删掉它,UNIX demon将会跟踪你所作的一切 直到time_t函数发生回卷”。 time_t is never, ever at fault in any Year 2000 bug. time_t从来都不是一个“千年虫”问题。

计算机专业英语Unit01_SectionA_Computer_Overview

计算机专业英语Unit01_SectionA_Computer_Overview

divide: vt. 21 divided by 7 is 3.
7/25
Computer Overview- History
The French inventor Joseph-Marie Jacquard , in designing an automatic loom, used thin, perforated wooden boards to control the weaving of complicated designs. During the 1880s the American statistician Herman Hollerith conceived the idea of using perforated cards, similar to Jacquard’s boards, for processing data. Employing a system that passed punched cards over electrical contacts, he was able to compile statistical information for the 1890 United States census.
8/25
Computer Overview- Hardware
III. Hardware Modern digital computers are all conceptually similar, regardless of size. Nevertheless, they can be divided into several categories on the basis of cost and performance: the personal computer or microcomputer, a relatively low-cost machine, usually of desktop size (though “laptops” are small enough to fit in a briefcase, and “palmtops” can fit into a pocket); III. 硬件 不论尺寸大小,现代数字计算机在概念上都 是类似的。然而,根据成本与性能,它们可分为几类: 个人计算机或微型计算机,一种成本相对较低的机器, 通常只有桌面大小(尽管“膝上型计算机”小到能够放 入公文包,而“掌上型计算机”能够放入口袋);

计算机专业英语第二版

计算机专业英语第二版

• Personal Digital Assistants: much smaller than even the subnotebooks. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) weypical PDA combines pen input, writing recognition, personal organizational tools, and communication capabilities in a very small package. Figure 1.2 shows an example of a PDA.
• Supercomputers are special, high-capacity computers used by very large organizations principally for research purposes. Among their uses are oil exploration and worldwide weather forecasting. An example of a supercomputer is shown in Figure 1.3.
••分析小 理型速:计度句算和中机数T,据h也 存ey被 储指称 能的为 力是中 介小型 于机 微型, 型计是 机算像 和机书 大;桌 型大 机短小 之语的间fa机。ll器中in。型b它公et们司we的或en处大 意思型是公“司的介部于门两一者般之把它间们”用,于i特n t殊he用ir途p。ro例ce如ss,in可g s以pe使e用ds它an们d做 data研-s究to或rin监g视ca某p一ac个iti生es产是过介程词。短小型语公作司状一语般。使用小型机进行一般
分析:in exchange for less weight 是介词短语作目的状 语,意思是“为了换取较轻的重量”。

计算机专业英语1

计算机专业英语1

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers计算机引论1.When you hear the world computer, initially you many think ofthose found in the workplace-the computers used to create business letters, and other correspondence; calculate payroll;track inventory; or generate invoices.译文:当你一听说计算机这个词汇时,或许首先会想到工作场所的那些计算机,用来制作商业信件、备忘录及相关文件,用来打印工作单、管理库存和制作发票。

2.A storage device is used to record and retrieve data, instructions,and information to and form a storage medium.译文:存储设备用来存储媒体记录和检索数据、指令和信息。

3.Software, also called a computer program or simply a program, isa series of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer whatto do.译文:软件是一系列指令所构成的计算机程序,该程序告诉计算机硬件应该做什么。

4.A utility program is a type of system software that perform a specific task,usually related to managing a computer,its device,or its programs.译文:实用程序是一种系统软件,通常执行与管理计算机及其设备和程序相关的特定任务。

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1.1 The Invention of the Computer
1.1.1 The ENIAC The ENIAC was a major advancement for its time. It was the first general-purpose, electronic computing machine and was capable of performing thousands of operations per second. It was controlled, however, by switches and plugs that had to be manually set. Thus, although it was a general-purpose electronic device, it did not have a stored program. Therefore, it did not have all the characteristics of a computer . ENIAC是当时重要的成就。 它是第一台通用型电子计算机器,并能够 是当时重要的成就。 它是第一台通用型电子计算机器, 是当时重要的成就 执行每秒数千次运算。然而,它是由开关和继电器控制的 它是由开关和继电器控制的, 执行每秒数千次运算 。然而 它是由开关和继电器控制的,必须手工设 因此,虽然它是一个通用型电子装置,但是它没有储存程序。 定。 因此,虽然它是一个通用型电子装置,但是它没有储存程序。 因 它不具备计算机的所有特征。 此,它不具备计算机的所有特征。 它不具备计算机的所有特征
1.1 The Invention of the Computer
It is hard to say exactly when the modern computer was invented. Starting in the 1930s and through the 1940s, a number of machines were developed that were like computers. But most of these machines did not have all the characteristics that we associate with computers today. These characteristics are that the machine is electronic, that it has a stored program, and that it is general purpose. 很难确切地说现代计算机是什么时候发明的。 世纪30年代到 年代, 很难确切地说现代计算机是什么时候发明的。从20世纪 年代到 年代, 世纪 年代到40年代 制造了许多类似计算机的机器。 制造了许多类似计算机的机器。但是这些机器大部分没有今天我们所说的 计算机的所有特征。这些特性是:机器是电子的,具有储存的程序, 计算机的所有特征。这些特性是:机器是电子的,具有储存的程序 而且是 通用的。 通用的。
Key points: useful terms and definitions of computers Difficult points: describing the features of computers of each generation
Requirements:
1. The trends of computer hardware and software 2. Basic characteristics of modern computers 3. Major characteristics of the four generations of modern computers 4. 了解科技英语的特点,掌握科技英语翻译要点 了解科技英语的特点,
1.1 The Invention of the Computer
One of the first computerlike devices was developed in Germany by Konrad Zuse in 1941. Called the Z3, it was general-purpose, storedprogram machine with many electronic parts, but it had a mechanical memory. Another electromechanical computing machine was developed by Howard Aiken, with financial assistance from IBM, at Harvard University in 1943. It was called the Automatic Sequence Control Calculator Mark I, or simply the Harvard Mark I. Neither of these machines was a true computer, however, because they were not entirely electronic. 第一个类似计算机的装置之一是1941年由德国的 年由德国的Konrad Zuse研制的,叫 研制的, 第一个类似计算机的装置之一是 年由德国的 研制的 它是通用型储存程序机器, 做Z3,它是通用型储存程序机器,具有许多电子部件,但是它的存储器是 它是通用型储存程序机器 具有许多电子部件, 机械的。另一台机电式计算机器是由霍华德.艾坎在 艾坎在IBM的资助下于 的资助下于1943 机械的。另一台机电式计算机器是由霍华德 艾坎在 的资助下于 年在哈佛大学研制的。它被称为自动序列控制计算器Mark I,或简称哈佛 年在哈佛大学研制的。它被称为自动序列控制计算器 或简称哈佛 Mark I。然而,这些机器都不是真正的计算机 因为它们不是完全电子化 。然而,这些机器都不是真正的计算机,因为它们不是完全电子化 的。
21世纪高职高专新概念教材 21世纪高职高专新概念教材
计算机专业英语 第二版) (第二版)
孙建忠 主 编 白凤仙 程 立 副主编
中国水利水电出版社 ISBN 7-5084-4148-6 7-5084-4148-
Computer English
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
1.1 The Invention of the Computer
1.1.1 The ENIAC Perhaps the most influential of the early computerlike devices was the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, or ENIAC. It was developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania. The project began in 1943 and was completed in 1946. The machine was huge; it weighed 30 tons and contained over 18,000 vacuum tubes. 也许早期最具影响力的类似计算机的装置应该是电子数字积分计算机, 也许早期最具影响力的类似计算机的装置应该是电子数字积分计算机, 或简称ENIAC。它是由宾夕凡尼亚大学的 Presper Eckert 和 John 或简称 。 它是由宾夕凡尼亚大学的J. Mauchly 研制的。该工程于 研制的。该工程于1943年开始,并于 年开始, 年完成。 年开始 并于1946年完成。这台机器极 年完成 其庞大,重达30吨 而且包含18,000多个真空管。 多个真空管。 其庞大,重达 吨,而且包含 多个真空管
1.1 The Invention of the Computer
New Words & Expressions:
computerlike a. 计算机似的 vacuum tubes 真空管 thousands of 成千上万的 electromechanical a. 机电的, 电机的 机电的 Census Bureau 人口普查局 known as 通常所说的,以……著称 通常所说n of the Computer
1.1.1 The ENIAC Before the EDVAC was finished, several other machines were built that incorporated elements of the EDVAC design of Eckert, Mauchly, and von Neuman. One was the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer, or EDSAC, which was developed in Cambridge, England. It first operated in May of 1949 and is probably the world’s first electronic stored-program, general-purpose computer to become operational. The first computer to operate in the United States was the Binary Automatic Computer, or BINAC, which became operational in August of 1949. 在 EDVAC 完 成 之 前 , 其 他 一 些 机 器 建 成 了 , 它 们 吸 收 了 Eckert 、 Mauchly和Neuman设计的要素。其中一部是在英国剑桥研制的电子延迟 设计的要素。 和 设计的要素 存储自动计算机,或简称 或简称EDSAC,它在 月首次运行, 存储自动计算机 或简称 ,它在1949年5月首次运行,它可能是世 年 月首次运行 界的第一台电子储存程序、通用型计算机投入运行。在美国运行的第一 界的第一台电子储存程序、 通用型计算机投入运行。 部计算机是二进制自动计算机,或简称 或简称BINAC,它在 它在1949年8月投入运行。 月投入运行。 部计算机是二进制自动计算机 或简称 它在 年 月投入运行
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