2017届上海市杨浦区高三英语二模卷(含答案)
2017届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解C篇--学生版(已校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Culture can affect not just language and customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels.Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have uncovered shockingdifferences in perception(感知) between Westerners and Asians, whatthey see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how theyperceive a simple line in a square, according to findings published in aleading science journal.In western countries, culture makes people think of themselves ashighly independent entities (实体). When looking at scenes, Westernerstend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. EastAsian cultures, however, emphasize inter-dependence. When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on surroundings as well as the object.Using an experiment involving two tasks, Dr Hedden asked subjects to look at a line simply to estimate its length, a task that is played to American strengths. In another, they estimated the line’s length relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the Asians.The level of brain activity, by tracking blood flow, was then measured by Brain Scanners. The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, and the tasks were very ea sy, the levels of activity in the subjects’ brains were different. For the Americans, areas linked to attention lit up more, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult -- estimating the line’s size relative to the square. For the Asian s, the attention areas lit up more during the harder task also -- estimating the line’s length without comparing it to the square. The findings are a reflection of more than ten years of previous experimental research into east-west differences.In one study, for instance, researchers offered people a choice among five pens; four red andone green. Easterners were more likely to choose a red pen while Westerners were more likely to choose the green one.Culture is not affecting how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize (使内化) it. But such habits can be changed. Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. Such research gives us clues on how our brain works and is hopeful for us to develop programs to improve our memory, memory techniques and enhance and accelerate our learning skills.63. According to the passage, Chinese people are most likely to _____.A. more emphasize independent thinkingB. always focus more on their surroundingsC. focus more on the context as well as the objectD. think of Westerners as highly independent entities64. We know from the passage that people’s brains will be more active when _____.A. the task is much easierB. the blood flow is trackedC. people begin to choose colorsD. the task is more difficult65. What do the findings of the experiments mentioned in the passage indicate?A. They indicate that culture has a great impact on the way people talk and behave.B. They show that Easterners and Westerners have great differences in perceiving the world.C. They suggest that people’s habits of thought and perception can be changed in differentcultures.D. They make it clear that Easterners and Westerners lay emphasis on different things.66. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.A. Easterners prefer collectivism to individualismB. East Asian cultures lay more emphasis on independenceC. It took over ten years to find out how to improve our brainpowerD. Americans will change their habits of perception when they’re in BritainDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)Naquela Wright’s life took an unexpected turn when she lost her eyesight as a teenager, but even when her world became dark, the New Jersey resident didn’t want to quit social media.Using Facebook was a challenge at first. Diagnosed in 2010 with pseudotumor cerebri, a rare health condition in which pressure increases around the brain and can result in the loss of vision, Wright learned how to use a screen reader to read the site through the touch of the keyboard and sound of a robotic voice. Still, when a friend sends her a photo, Wright often has no clue what the image shows.Now Facebook is trying to solve this problem by exploiting the power of artificial intelligence to create new tools that not only describe items in a photo but allows users to ask what’s in an image.“I can have a basic picture in my mind of what’s going on in the picture and now I can comment on my own,” said Wright, who got to try out the new tools that are still being tested. “Of course, it’s different, but it’s something more than I had.”An estimated 285 million people are visually disabled globally, according to the World Health Organization, and research conducted by Facebook showed that blind users have trouble figuring out what’s in a photo because the description isn’t clear or doesn’t exist.Facebook has made it easier to skim through the content on its website with a screen reader by improving HTML headings, adding alternative text for images, launching keyboard shortcuts, and more. Using artificial intelligence to describe photos is only a part of these ongoing efforts.W ith 1.5 billion users, Facebook isn’t the only social media company that wants to improve its website for the visually disabled. Along with Facebook and other major tech firms, Twitter and LinkedIn have their own accessibility teams and belong to an initia tive called “Teaching Accessibility”.Jeff Wieland, Facebook’s head of accessibility engineering, said the group wants to educate more engineers, especially early in college, about designing products that are compatible with the disabled and others. “We really don’t want accessibility to be the luxury of a handful of companies,” Wieland said. “We want everything around the world to be built with accessibility in63. What tool helps the visually disabled to read Facebook?A. A screen reader.B. A special keyboard.C. A helpful robot.D. HTML headings.64. What can be inferred from the passage about the new tool created by Facebook?A. It adds a lot of shortcuts on the keyboard.B. It helps users to employ their senses other than sight.C. It meets no competitors with its advanced technology.D. It inspires more engineers to explore artificial intelligence.65. The underlined phrase in the last paragraph “are compatible with” most probably means __________.A. are unaffordable toB. bring harm toC. keep company ofD. well suit66. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Screen reader: tool to access social mediaB. Ongoing efforts: strength to improve websitesC. Artificial intelligence: power to help the blindD. Teaching accessibility: initiative to educate engineersSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)On the occasional clear-frost autumn night, I was hiking through the dark forest with my GMO wolf. Yes, my best friend is a genetically modified organism（转基因生物）; deliberate selection has produced the blunt-toothed, small-pawed wonder that walks by my side.Our world is changing rapidly. In the last five decades, global population has fully doubled, with 3.7 billion hungry mouths added to our planet. During this same time span, the amount of land suitable for agriculture has increased by only 5%. Miraculously, this did not result in the great global famine（饥荒）one might have predicted.How do scientists modify a plant so that it makes more food than its parents did? We could treat each harvest like a litter of wolf pups and select only plants bearing the fattest, richest seeds for the next season. This was the method our ancestors used to engineer rice, corn and wheat from the wild grasses they encountered.During my childhood, advances in genetic technologies allowed scientists to identify and clone the genes responsible for repressing stem growth, leading to shorter, stronger stalks that could bear more seed—the high-yield crops that feed us today. The 21st century has brought with it a marvelous new set of high-tech tools with which to further quicken the process of artificial selection. Plant geneticists can now directly edit out or edit in sections of DNA using molecular scissors. We can minimize a plant’s weaknesses while adding to its strengths, and we don’t have to wait for seasons to pass to test the result.It is the transformative potential of these techniques to quickly supply the next-generation crops required for upcoming climate change that has led me to believe in the safety and function of GMO plants in agricultural products. We need more GMO research to feed the world that we are creating.I love the quiet forest that stands between my lab and my home. But I know that as a scientist, I am responsible first to humanity. We must feed, shelter and nurture one another as our first priority, and to do so, we must take advantage of our best technologies, which have always included some type of genetic modification. We must continue as before, nourishing the future as we feed ourselves, and each year plant only the very best of what we have collectively engineered.I keep the faith of my ancestors each night when I walk through the forest to my lab, and my GMO wolf does the same when she guards my way home.63. Why does the author mention the wolf in the 1st paragraph?A. To advise people to keep wolves as petsB. To persuade readers to welcome the new technologyC. To change people’s attitude towards wolvesD. To introduce a technology used to humans’ advantage64. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. GMO technology will help weatherproof future crops.B. With GMO technology, famine has been eliminated.C. Artificial selections make high-yield plants possible.D. The author believes technology should contribute to future generations.65. What can be learned about modifying a plant?A. It takes scientists seasons to know whether their selection is correct.B. One way for ancestors to change a plant was to clone some genes.C. Modern techniques help speed up the artificial selection by altering DNA.D. The general public show strong faith in GMO plants.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. GMO Technology—Turning Wolves into the Best PetsB. Engineered Food—Feeding Future GenerationsC. Engineered Food—To Be or Not To BeD. GMO Technology—A Driving Force in World PeaceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.（C）Since quitting can start feelings such as guilt and shame, we often do everything possible to avoid it. “We’re taught from our earli e st days that if you quit something. It means you’re a failure,”says counseling psychologist Will Meek. He, how ever, suggests we view quitting differently.Quitting is like deciding to rearrange a room: you’ve grown comfortable with the status, and it can be hard to picture the end result or even see why change is necessary. And yet, there’s the upsetting feeling that you’re no longer entirely satisfied with your current circumstances, perhaps even that you’ve stopped making progress. While it’s not out of the question for feeling or regret to surface after a major refit, leaving a position, project or situation can reveal exciting possibilities, making you feel inspired and renewed.Quitting, often happens in situations where we’re unhappy, fearful or have determined we have no other choice, factors that can have opposing effects on our health. Perhaps you find yourwork unfulfilling, or you’ve jumped into a new relationship before you’re ready —and, as a result, you’re operating under intense pressure.“If stress is enduring and not managed well, it can start to take a toll.”says Meek. According to the American Psychological Association, long-term, ongoing stress can increase the risk for high blood pressure and heart attack, so walking away from whatever is causing it can deliver significant physical and emotional health be nefits.“We often see a reduction in the stress hormone cortisol（应激激素皮质醇）, which can lower blood pressure and may even decrease the heart rate,”says Dr Alex Lickerman, a GP and expert on developing mental adaptability.Leaving situations that fail to bring you joy can leave you with sufficient time to explore where your heart is truly leading you. In a study that was published in 1999, then Harvard University professor Hermina Ibarra looked at how bankers tried different roles that required new skill sets—someone who spent a lot of time dealing with computers, for instance, was asked to take on personal interactions. Subjects were especially drawn to acting out a version of their future solves through ‘imitation strategies’—an approach they compared to ‘trying on different clothes,’ Mark Franklin, the president of CareerCyles, suggests a similar approach as a way to figure out what your true desires might be in your post-quitting life and foresee your future self.“Pretend to be a certain kind of person, or go and meet others who are doing what you want to do.”he says,“Try it on, see how it feels and decide if it’s a good fit for you.”It may not feel like it at the time, but just moving on from a situation that’s not quite right can help you g et back on track.63. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that quitting may bring us feelings of being both _______.A. guilty and ashamedB. stupid and enthusiasticC. troubled and hopefulD. inspired and determined64. The phrase“take a toll”（paragraph 3）can be best replaced by“_________”.A. develop mental adaptabilityB. bring about changesC. keep up the pressureD. have a bad effect65. An approach suggested by Mark Franklin similar to ‘trying on different clothes’ is for ___________.A. helping people find what truly suits them in careerB. telling capable employees from inadequate onesC. training employees to acquire different working skillsD. providing people with opportunities to have a role play66. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.A. quitting is track that only the timid will choose to followB. personal interaction can be must for reducing emotional pressureC. mental adaptability can be improved by the stress hormone cortisolD. knowing when to stop is wise and may make dreams happenSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.CIt could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir Everest Shackletonthe moment his ship, the Endurance, become hopelessly locked in ice on its wayto Antarctica in January 1915. For ten months the 28 men aboard Shackleton’sship waited and prayed for ice to break. When it finally did, the Endurance sank,leaving the crew homeless and adrift on a sea of ice in one of the world’s mostdangerous environments.In January 2000 a luxury ocean liner found itself similarly trapped in the cold waters off Antarctica. Argentine authorities sent off an icebreaker straight away from the nearest naval base, and in 24 hour s, all 176 passengers and crew were free. The tour company’s spokesperson spun the potential disaster as a value-added reward in extreme travel. “The people on board are looking at this as sort of a great adventure,” she said.Ever since Jon Krakauer’s b ook Into Thin Air made Everest a household name, the subculture of adventure has blown up like a Himalayan avalanche(雪崩) into public consciousness. Magazines promise “extreme” content, television, offers adventure programs, and the growing collective fasci nation with adventure has produced a flow of published accounts about the world’s greatest adventurous journey. Nowadays more and more people are interested in adventure and this mass appeal makes good business sense. Today the only thing blocking a would-be adventurer’s passage to Antarctica is the cost---- which typically runs well over $10,000.Despite very different implications, adventure was just as popular in Shackleton’s time. He has little trouble filling the Endurance----5,000 men are said to have responded to his recruitment(招募) notice: “Men wanted for risky journey. Small wages. Bitter cold. Long months of complete darkness. Constant danger. Safe return doubtful.”After five months drifting on ice, the crew were forced to take to their lifeboats to Elephant Island. Reaching the wasteland, Shackleton went on with one lifeboat and five of his best men 1,300 kilometers across the bone-chilly Scotia Sea to South Georgia Island. Shivering with cold, dressed in rags, Shackleton marched into a whaling station and set about organizing a rescue expedition to Elephant Island. Almost two years after becoming shipwrecked on ice, Shackleton picked up his crew. “Not a life lost, and we have been through hell,” he remarked earnestly.63. We can learn from the first sentence of this passage that _______.A. the age of adventure began with the ship Endurance trapped in iceB. Shackleton’s adventure marked the highest point of pure explorationC. the age of adventure ended with the ship Endurance trapped in iceD. Shackleton’s adventure predicted that the golden age of exploration was approaching64. The word “spun” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.A. summed upB. judgedC. boasted aboutD. referred to65. Since Jon Krakauer’s book was published _______.A. the media have got interested in the topic of adventureB. the costs of extreme travel have gone upC. Everest has got its name known to EuropeD. people have got fascinated by Himalayan avalanches59. The adventure in Shackleton’s time has different implications from today’s in that _______.A. Shackleton’s adventure lasted longer then any other adventure nowadaysB. n o one was missing during Shackleton’s adventureC. Shackleton’s adventure was entirely for the sake of adventureD. Shackleton enrolled volunteers more easilySection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately merciful reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense.There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, and government.The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial(家庭的), religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are very normal. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is common; there are homes which cultivate young people with high standards of moral behaviour and others which leave moral training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour applicants with positive moral behaviour. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for cultivating future doctors with moral sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling data that suggest that during medical school the moral behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress (倒退).It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example on moral behaviour. Medical schools must do something to make sure that their students are expected to be clear from day one. The development of a school’s cult ure of moral behaviour requires cooperation with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and developing. Moreover, the school’s examination system and general treatment of students must be fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions (违规) must be firm, fair, transparent (透明的).63. What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?A. Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.B. We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is possible.C. We know that this phenomenon exists in every medical school.D. We still need more reliable data to know how serious it is.64. According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because________.A. The medical profession is based on trustB. There is zero tolerance of cheating in medicineC. The medical profession depends on the governmentD. Cheating exists extensively in medical schools65. Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with?A. Medical schools should make a less competitive environment for students.B. Outstanding people should create a set of moral standards to be followed.C. Medical students should be positive in creating and preserving moral behavior.D. We don’t know the cause-and-effect of the examination cheating in medical school.66. Which of the following can be implied from the passage?A. It makes little sense to talk about medical school student cheating in exams.B. Medical schools haven’t been doing well t o help students develop morally.C. Cheating in exams is tolerable outside of medical school circle.D. Elimination of exams helps cultivate healthier characters of medical school students.Section BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（C）There is plenty of complaints about how social media-texting in particular—may be harming children’s social and intellectual development. But a new study suggests that constant instantmessaging (IM’ing) and texting among teens may also provide benefits, particularly for those who are introverted (内向的).British researchers studied instant messages exchanged by 231 teens, aged 14 to 18. All of the participants were “regular” or “extensive” IM’ers. In the U. S., two thirds of teens use instant messaging services regularly, with a full third messaging at least once every day.The researchers analyzed 150 conversations in the study, and reported the results in the journal Computers in Human Behavior. In 100 of these chats, the study participant began IM'ing while in a negative emotional state such as sadness, distress or anger. The rest were conversations begun when the participant was feeling good or neutral. After the chat, participants reported about a 20% reduction in their distress—not enough to completely eliminate it, but enough to leave them feeling better than they had before reaching out.“Our findings suggest that IM'ing between distressed adolescents and their peers may provide emotional relief and consequently contribute to their well-being,” the authors write, noting that prior research has shown that people assigned to talk to a stranger either in real life or online improved their mood in both settings, but even more with IM. And people who talk with their real-life friends online also report feeling closer to them than those who just communicate face-to-face, implying a strengthening of their bond.Why would digital communication do better than human contact? The reasons are complex, but may have something to do with the fact that users can control expression of sadness and other emotions via IM without revealing emotional elements like tears that some may consider as embarrassing or sources of discomfort. Studies also show that the anonymity (匿名) of writing on a device blankets the users in a sense of safety that may cause people to feel more comfortable in sharing and discussing their deepest and most authentic feelings. Prior research has shown that expressive writing itself can “vent”emotions and provide a sense of relief—and doing so, knowing that your words are reaching a sympathetic friend, may provide even more comfort and potentially be therapeutic. Researchers also found that introverted participants reported more relief from IM conversations when they were distressed than extroverts did. Susan Cain, author of Quiet wrote recently for TIME: Introverts are often brimming over with thoughts and care deeply for their friends, family and colleagues. But even the most socially skilled introverts sometimes long for a free pass from socializing or talking on the phone. This is what the Internet offers: the chance to connect—but in measured doses and from behind a screen.63. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Teens are more likely to send instant messages when feeling distressed.B. Instant messaging can help completely remove teens’ negative emotions.C. Chat via instant messaging services makes participants feel good or calm.D. Constant instant messaging can help teens control their negative emotions.64. The underlined word “vent” in paragraph 5 most probably means_________.A. controlB. maintainC. releaseD. conceal65. What does the digital communication enable users to do?A. Find more sympathetic friends.B. Share and discuss more information.C. Produce more expressive writings.D. Avoid embarrassment and discomfort.66. What can be concluded from the new study by British researchers?A. Instant messaging will prevent children’s social and intellectual development.B. Introverted teens may benefit from constant instant messaging.C. Teens feeling bad often feel closer to real-life friends than to the net friends.D. American teens aged 14 to 18 are extensive instant messaging users.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Scots are more likely to drink themselves to death than people from any other nation in Western Europe except Austria and Portugal. Every day, six Scots die from alcohol-related conditions. Our hospitals and health services struggle with the wider damage. An estimated 51,600 Scots suffer from drink-related illness. Incidence of liver disease has shot up 40 percent in the past seven years. Most knife attacks and most adult murders occur under the influence of alcohol. And drink abuse (嗜酒) has ruined thousands of families, a personal, psychological and social cost on。
上海市各区2017-2018年高三英语二模汇编最新最全----阅读理解--带答案(已经校对终结版)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757, he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822, and Caroline on September 1st,1848.Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axial rotation (绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in 1781, when on March 13th, he discovered the planet Uranus (天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax (恒星视差). This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III. The trick worked once again, as King George III gave William and Caroline the titles of “The King’s Astronomer” and “Assistant to the King’s Astronomer”, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to Slough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite successful, William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800, he became interested in the solar spectrum (太阳光谱), and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared(红外线). In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.56.Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by __________.A. discovering the planet UranusB. determining stellar parallaxC. discovering two moons of UranusD. uncovering the evidence for the infrared57. It can be inferred from the passage that George III __________.A. liked science and technologyB. liked Herschel’s naming of the new planetC. was interested in astronomyD. gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions58. What do we know about Caroline from the passage?A. She was successful in music.B. She was titled “The King’s Astronomer”.C. She died later than her brother.D. She published two papers.59. This passage mainly tells readers .A. some information about Herschel and his sisterB. how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet UranusC. Herschel and Caroline got along well with each otherD. Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publications(B)OSCAR THEATRE60. When booking by post , you can pay for a ticket by __________.A. visiting the website of a post officeB. going to your local bank in personC. enclosing your MasterCard in an envelopeD. providing your credit card information61. What benefit can bookers enjoy according to the text?A. A group of ten adults going to a performance can claim a discount.B. A school party of 15 persons that book in advance pay $135 in total for a performance.C. Someone accompanying a wheelchair user to a performance receives a discount.D. An 18-year-old teenager is eligible for Saver discounts.62. According to the text, __________ can get Standby tickets.A. 65-year-olds buying tickets an hour and a half before a performance beginsB. full-time students buying tickets 45 minutes before a performance beginsC. Theatre-goers who are unexpectedly unable to be present at a performanceD. Anyone who buys tickets an hour before a performance begins(C)Here’s the scary thing about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly (据说）stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans have their credit hijacked every year. It’s one of crime’s biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number--which can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus（伪造的）line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue（收入）to fraud, so there’s little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it’s up to you to protect your identity.The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of “pre-approved” credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at ), Trans-Union () and Experian (). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnion’s website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.If you’re lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled to one free report a year by law. Otherwise it’s going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; that’s $10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think you’re a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at /idtheft, which, along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocking. Just don’t expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.63. The expression “inside job”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means _________.A. a crime committed by a person working for the victimB. a crime that should be punished severelyC. a crime that does great harm to the victimD. a crime that poses a great threat to the society64. You can protect your identity in the following way except _________.A. destroying your junk mailB. leaving your Social Security card at homeC. visiting the credit-report website regularlyD. obtaining the free report from the government65. It is easy to have credit-theft because __________.A. More people are using credit serviceB. The application program is not safe enoughC. Creditors usually disclose their identityD. Creditors are not careful about their identity66. The best title of the text is __________.A. The danger of credit-theftB. The loss of the creditorsC. How to protect your good nameD. Why the creditors lose their identityKeys:56-59: A B C A 60-62: D C B 63-66: A D B CSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The cold northern wind here in the streets of Petersburg strengthens my nerves and fills me with delight. I cannot think of the Pole as cold and empty;in my imagination it is a region of beauty and delight. Who knows what strange landscapes and creatures we may find there. I shall satisfy my curiosity with the sight of an unknown part of the world-and walk where no man has before.Thinking of it, I feel the same joy a child feels when he sails his little boat on a voyage of discovery up his native river.This voyage was the favorite dream of my early years. My education was neglected, yet I was passionately fond of reading. Uncle Thomas's library contained only books about exploration, which I read day and night. Finally my thoughts comes to the idea of making a voyage of discovery.Six years have passed since I decided on the present voyage. I can, even now, remember the hour when I committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to hardship. I went on whale hunting voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of sleep. I often worked harder than the common sailors during the day. Then, at nights, I studied mathematics, the theory of medicine,and sciences of practical importance for a seagoing adventurer. Twice I took jobs as an officer on a Greenland whaling ship. I felt a little proud when my captain asked me to remain with the ship, so valuable did he consider my services. And now, do I not deserve to achieve some great task? My life might have been passed in ease and comfort, but I preferred glory to every pleasure that wealth placed in my path.56.What does the author think of the Pole?A.It reminds him of his childhood.B. It must be a region full of surprises.C. It would fulfil his dream to be an adventurer.D. It's too cold a destination with almost nothing.57. To realize his childhood dream, the author got _______.A. physically prepared by experiencing great sufferingB. spiritually prepared by gaining captain's recognitionC. academically prepared by reading books on explorationD. financially prepared by serving on a whale hunting ship.58. According to the passage, the author is definitely a person full of _______.A. curiosityB. fancyC. perseveranceD.pride(B)Face Painting Academy DiplomaSubject Art&Design, Craft & Creative,Beauty Delivery method Online Study level Professional development, Short. Accredited Ref FACE-GUARD Price ￡30, was ￡299 . use code: GUARD90 Start a career in Face Painting or simply learn for fun.Do you have a love for entertaining people?Are you artistic and want to impress people with a new skill?Have you ever thought about doing a course in face painting so you can earn fantastic money?If so then with this course you could become a qualified face painter just like hundreds of other people who have taken our courses. For a one-off fee (一次性付款), you can study online and complete the diploma in about 28 hours.The comprehensive syllabus (教学大纲) is supported by 16 instructional videos so you can learn all the designs with ease, and you will learn a wide range of designs including dog, rabbit andspider man. With 14 modules to cover, you can become an accomplished face painter.Your qualification will be recognized and can be checked for validity by all of your future clients too !Take a step in the right direction and get your Face Painting Academy Diploma today.￡30, was ￡299, use code: GUARD90Module 1 Your Introduction to Becoming a Face PainterModule 2 The Equipment and Materials You Will Need for Face PaintingModule 3 Health & Safety and Risk AssessmentsModule 4 Starting / Running Your Own BusinessModule 5 Pricing and CostsModule 6 Marketing Your Business& Social MediaModule 7 The Do's and Don'ts and What to Do If Your Business Doesn't Go WellModule 8 How to do a Dog /Cat Face Paint DesignModule 9 How to do a Butterfly / Dolphin Face Paint DesignModule 10 How to do a Monkey / Frog Face Paint DesignModule 11 How to do a Rabbit / Swan Face Paint DesignModule 12 How to do a Tiger / Dinosaur Face Paint DesignModule 13 How to do a Spiderman / Batman Face Paint DesignModule 14 How to do a Minnie Mouse /Princess Face Paint Design59. The course is intended mainly for those _______.A. keen on showing off new skillsB. eager to get an academy diplomaC. interested in learning face paintingD. equipped with a unique taste for art60. You can save ￡_______ if signing up for the course now.A. 30B.269C. 299D. 32961.Which of the following statements is TRUE about the course?A. It is presented both online and offline.B. It provides not only lessons on business.C. The diploma can be obtained in one day.D. Some clients will be invited to examine your qualification.62. In which module are you likely to learn how to advertise your business?A. Module 4.B. Module 6.C. Module 7.D. Module 10.(C)All across America, students are anxiously finishing their "What I Want To Be .." college application essays, advised to focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) by experts and parents who insist that's the only way to become workforce ready. But two recent studies of workplace success contradict the traditional wisdom about "hard skills".Google originally set its hiring systems to sort for computer science students with top grades from top science universities. In 2013, Google decided to test its hiring theory by quickly dealing with large amounts hiring, firing, and promotion data collected since the company's establishment.Project Oxygen shocked everyone by concluding that, among the eight most important qualities of Google's top employees, STEM capability comes in dead last. The seven top characteristics of success at Google are all soft skills: being a good coach; communicating and listening well; possessing comprehension into others, being supportive of one's colleagues; being a good critical thinker and problem solver, and being able to make connections across complex ideas.Those characteristics sound more like what one gains as an English or theater major than as a programmer.Could it be that top Google employees were succeeding despite their technical training, not because of it? After bringing in more experts to dive even deeper into the data, the company enlarged its previous hiring practices to include humanities majors, artists, and even the MBAs (Master of Business Administration).Project Aristotle, a study released by Google this past spring, further supports the importance of soft skill seven in high-tech environments. Project Aristotle analyzes data on inventive and productive teams. Google takes pride in its A-teams, assembled with top scientists, each with the most specialized knowledge and able to throw down one creative idea after another. Its data analysis revealed, however, that the company's most important and productive new ideas come from B-teams comprised of employees who don't always have to be the smartest people in the room.Project Aristotle shows that the best teams at Google exhibit a range of soft skills: equality, generosity,curiosity toward the ideas of your teammates, understanding, and emotionalintelligence. And topping the list:emotional safety. To succeed, each and every team member must feel confident speaking up and making mistakes. They must know they are being heard.STEM skills are vital to the world we live in today, but technology alone, as Steve Jobs famously insisted,is not enough. We desperately need those who are educated to the human, cultural, and social as well as the computational.63.The underlined word:“contradict”most probably means “_____”.A.add toB. back upC. bring aboutD. conflict with64.Google conducted the studies of workplace success in order to ______.A.determine what makes a workplace-ready studentB.check whether its hiring system serves the purposeC.prove soft skills are more important than hard onesD.impress its competitors with the employees’ excellence65.What can be inferred from Project Aristotle?A.Emotional safety enables people to express themselves freely.B.Listening and hearing helps develop problem-solving abilities.C.Learning from mistakes doesn’t necessarily mean improvement.D.Those without specialized knowledge can also make inventions.66.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.STEM skills our society needs for better educationB.The principal focus students have on application essaysC.The surprising thing Google learned about its employeesD.The soft skills Google programmers lack for career growthKeys:56-58: CAC 59-62: CBBB 63-66: DAADSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties(定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s life insurance.58. The underlined word “thumbed” is closest in meaning to _______.A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in _______.A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD. creating the rocketing sales of a technical book(B)Conventional wisdom may tell you that a master’s degree from Harvard Business School in the US is the key to a Fortune 500 job, while the same degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, US, means a possible career on Wall Street.It seems that the graduate school you go to somewhat decides your future. And a recent New York Times article reveals the correlation between MBA（Master of Business Administration）graduates at certain US schools and career prospects.To work at AmazonRoss School of Business（University of Michigan）Amazon regularly hires more MBAs from top 10 business schools thanbig Wall Street firms. And a large chunk of American’s employees arefrom Ross. Graduate Peter Faricy, vice president of AmazonMarketpla ce, says the reason behind this is that Ross’scurriculum-related offerings, a problem-solving course for instance,are particularly well suited to Amazon.To work at McKinsey&CompanyKellogg School of Management（Northwestern）For an MBA, landing a job at Mckinsey is like trying to get into acompetitive business school over again. However, Kellogg graduatesperform well in the fierce competition. The school’s MBAs are indemand at elite consulting firms, which hired 35 percent of Kellogggraduates last year, a higher percentage than at Harvard（23 percent）andStanford（16 percent）.To work at AppleFuqua School of Business（Duke）Silicon Valley hasn’t always welcomed MBAs. However, two ofApple’s top 10 executives come from Fuqua. Apple has hired 32Fuqua graduates over the pass five years, and provided 42 internshipsfor Duke students.To start your own companyHarvard Business SchoolThe extensive resources Harvard has devoted to its entrepreneurial offerings in recent years are starting to show real results. By many accounts, it has surpassed Stanford as the top entrepreneurial hot-bed in the US.60. Which university offers students a course on various approaches to difficulties at work?A. Kellogg School of Management.B. Ross School of Business.C. Harvard Business School.D. Fuqua School of Business.61. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Consulting companies favor MBA students from Kellogg.B. Stanford produces the greatest number of business leaders.C. To work at Apple, MBA graduates have an advantage.D. Wall Street employs more MBAs from top 10 than Amazon.62. If you want to work in the area of hi-tech electronic products, you may choose to study in _____.A. Wharton SchoolB. Kellogg School of ManagementC. Ross School of BusinessD. Fuqua School of Business(C)“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,”George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. “They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present system for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs --- or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck （敬畏的）staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for“reprogramming”some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science --- the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion（推进力）? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission have in co mmon?A. Instant value.B. Human inhabitance.C. Venture cost.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that ______.A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people’s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C. Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration.D. The achievements in place exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain America’s position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won’t make great discoveries.Keys:56-59 CADC 60-62 BAD 63-66 DCBCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC NEWSWarning from ExpertsA growing amount of human- made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)---from rocket stages and out-of-date satellites---- is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as。
上海市杨浦区2017届高三下学期4月模拟质量调研英语
杨浦区2016学年第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2017.4II .Grammar and VocabularySection AI was standing in the checout line behind a woman who looed to be in __21__ 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and ased her how she was doing.The woman looed down, ___22___（shae）her head and said“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old trics again. The truth is, I don’t now how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t now how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or as for her husband’s resume?As I waled into the paring lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would mae her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Ecuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds lie you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d lie to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said：“You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything lie this before, I didn’t now what ind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh. Would it be O to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I waled bac to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few wees earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was woring on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own bo of You Matter card and started sharing them.Section Btechnology B. contemporary C. stretched D. hidden E. recogniedF. discoveryG. updatedH. etensiveI. countlessJ. estimated . definitionMost of us learn at primary school that there are seven continents, but the net generation of ids may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers,“ealandia”is a new continent that’s ___31___ beneath the ocean.ealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq m. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highest mountains already have their own name：New ealand.The small country is the only part of ealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authors want the huge landmass to be ___33___ worldwide as its own continent.“The scientific value of classifying ealandia as a continent is much more than just an etra name on a list,”the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered ealandia all the way bac in 1995, then started ___34___ research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping ___35___. After completing their wor, they were finally able to write a report suggesting that ealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no official organiation that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are si or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world school is.Due to their __36__ as a “continuous epanse of land”,some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent -- nown as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to mae things even more confusing, France and Greece, as well as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even ___37___ into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union（IAU）decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years after its ___38___ in 1930. Eperts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet（矮行星）”，meaning that ___39___ boos, models and museum ehibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world tae the same notice of ealandia? The best way to tell is to eep an eye on our tetboos.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AGood news for awward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up lie a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the U, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and ased their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on si traits（特征）.Now, more than si decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were ased to ___46___ themselves on the same si personality traits, then pic a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,”the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team eplained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. But it could be the first___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ th roughout life – the way we thin, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wae C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recogniable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remar47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. fleibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaer53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. eposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuc in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stoneSection B（A）One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New Yor City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, seeds, fencing , and so on. However, because they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little.A community garden can quicly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Ecess produce can be sold for a profit at farmers marets. But a garden’s benefit don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s crime rate. Award-winning spaces lie London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those who ___.A. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have their own property57. New Yor City _____.A. is owned by 20,000 individual gardenersB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can mae some profits from the visiting tourists.59. The underlined word“oases”is closest in meaning to ____.A. cultural and art centersB. popular platforms for echangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places（B）African SafariEssential information you need to now before booing your African Safari in Southern Africa – These tips will enhance the eperience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booing an African Safari1)Boo in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booed out more than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2)Choosing which game parDifferent pars have different topography and weather patterns – this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some pars are better than others for certain species. Show more…3）Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari eperience and very personalied.However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national par, which can sleep anything up to 300 people. Show more…4）GuidingThe quality, eperience and nowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your eperience from ordinary to eceptional. Show more…5）What’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari eperience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to now the difference, as your eperience will be vastly different. Show more…6）The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately,safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7）Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, where road transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are woth it and allow you the fleibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show more…8）Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to now all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who now this area intimately!Clic on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should boo it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 2017D. October 201762. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same eperience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better eperience you’ll get.D. Not all the pars have the same species of animals.（C）A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often see food after focused mental activity, lie preparing for an eam. Researchers thin that heavy bouts of thining drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories（卡路里）to eep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently eperimented with eercise to counter such immoderately post - - study food consumption.Gary Hunter, an eercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate（乳酸盐）—circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during eercise could feed an ehausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty - - eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s eercise lab to report what their favorite pia was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate - - school entrance eams. Net, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pia. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of waling, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pia, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-eercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looed at lunch. Hunter says；the researchers do not now if the runners consumed etra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of eercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to brea into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weaening hunger’s call.63. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB. numerous physical movements or calorie burningC. failure to resist the temptation of delicious foodD. bodily hunger caused by physical growth64. The underlined word“counter”is closest in meaning to _____.A. stimulateB. maimieC. balanceD. prevent65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Running is more beneficial than waling.B. Sweating in eercise can mae people hungrier.C. The amount of blood sugar and l actate can affect people’s appetite.D. When the brain feels ehausted, people tend to do eercise for relaation.66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Mental activities can mae people feel hungry.B. Physical eercise can mae people refreshed and stay hungry.C. Sugar and lactate can help energie and restore people’s brain.D. It’s uncertain what types of eercise can effectively feed the brain.Section CDirections Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. When something comes from within you ,you always try your best to analye it in a scientific way .B. Psychologists call this private speech ----language that is spoen loud but directed at yourselfC. So words to the self , spoen silently or loud , are so much more than just chatterD. We eep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out=loud version .E. According to he well-nown saying , taling to yourself is the first sign of madness.F. Self-tal is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts , it maes a larger impact on our brain.Self-tal helps us allTaling to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticiing yourself for a foolish mistae or practicing a speech , you’ll now the social problems it can cause.________67__________ But there’s no need for embarrassment . Taling to ourselves , whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-tal allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For eample , tae a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very liely to hear her taling to herself offering herself directions and taling about her problems. ________________68_______________We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsy , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we eep this system inside.Psychological eperiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tass lie telling what other people are thining . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-tal is most effective when we tal to ourselves in the second person as “you” rather than “I”_____________69___________________If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Taling to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and woring through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just lie a regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the eys to human creativity.Both inds of self-tal -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thining ._____________70_______-Summary WritingDirections ; Read the following passage . Summarie in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , eplore and transport goods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistaes and bad luc have caused many ships to sin to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecs , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , theysometimes contain great riches.Historical research is a ey motivator for shipwrec hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civiliations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which san in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blacbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwrec eploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Eploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which san 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights too place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases lie these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.TranslationDirections ; Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the bracets.1，新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
2017上海英语高考各区二模完型汇编及答案
上海二模各区完型汇编2017宝山区TraditionArt SurvivingNative American Indians expressed themselves through their artwork, which is carved ontopoles. Many people hold the belief (21) __________all Native American Indian totem（图腾）totem poles, but this is far from the truth . Carving totem poles was a carve的tribes （部落）tradition among many tribes , especially those that lived along the Pacific coast(22)____________forest grew. However , those Native American Indians who lived in the south Indians , but (23)_________(few) trees to carve than Pacific tribes.west and the plains , andThe height of totem poles can vary considerably . Long ago totem poles (24)___________(find) to stand around 12m tall . Today , Native American Indian artists continue tocare trees, but some totem poles are short and are used in homes as decoration .(25)_____________is not surprising that a genuine pole will cost more than $1500 per meter because traditionally carved totem involve a great deal of work , craftsmanship and time to produce.The raising of a totem pole is an important celebration among the India tribe . A hole is dugfor the pole to stand in . The pole is carried to the site in a ceremony which other hundreds ofpeople attend. Ropes are used (26)__________(raise) the pole into place. Singing and dancing to drums accompanies the pole raising . Often poles are raised in this way (27) ___________thecarving begins . Carvers do their jobs then on the site.Many people believe that totem poles are religious symbols , but this idea is false. Instead of(28) __________(act) as religious symbols , carvings represent the tribal nation and convey thetribes' history . The story of a totem pole is frequently passed down from generation to generation . Having the story documented this way helps keep this tradition (29) __________(recognize) inour history . These days , many totem poles no longer exist (30) _______ __________ decay androt. However , there are still some tribes that continue to practice this ancient are form , and these totem poles are still being enjoyed by collections of tribal art.II. Grammar and Vocabulary25. It 24. were found 22. where 23. fewer 21. that30. because of29. recognized 26. to raise 27. before 28. acting崇明区Delivering Food by DroneA Singapore restaurant plans to use drones (遥控飞机) to transport food and drinks from the kitchen to a wait station near customers' tables.Infinium Robotics, the Singapore company that's developing the drones for restaurant chain Timbre, has spent the past two weeks testing the technology at the restaurant before it opens each night21 business and hopes to have it in place by the end of the year.But how does the drone know where to hover (盘旋)? What if someone bumps into the drone or is standing in its way? “There's no chance at all 22 it will hit anything,”says Infinium Robotics chief executive Junyang Woon.The drones automatically charge while 23 (wait) in the kitchen. 24 the chef putsan order on the drone, he hits a button on a keypad and the drone automatically flies to one of two wait stations. Sense-and-avoid technology 25 (build) into the drone won't allow it to land at the wait station if anything is in its way. The drones are equipped with sonar (声纳系统) and an infrared sensor (红外线传感器), too.A waiter then removes the food or drink from the drone and hits a button 26 sends itback to the kitchen. The drones, weighing a little over five pounds, 27 carry just over four pounds of food. Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as 28 (much) food.“Its job is to help the waiters to reduce some of their boring tasks, ”Woon said. “If they let the robots 29 (do) the job, they can concentrate on interacting with customers to bring about higher customer satisfaction and dining experience.”Since it drew recent media attention, Woon 30 (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10countries, including the United States.II. Grammar and Vocabulary（共20分。
2017年上海市杨浦区中考二模英语试卷及答案
上海杨浦区2017中考二模英语试题（满分150分）（完卷时间：100分钟答案一律写在答卷纸上）Part 1 listening (第一部分听力)I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解): (共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片) ( 6分)B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the questionyou hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案) (10分) 7. A）Warm. B) Rainy. C) Snowy. D) Cold.8. A) At 7:00 a.m. B) At 7:30 a.m. C) At 7:00 p.m. D) At 7:30 p.m.9. A）Mother and son. B) Teacher and studentC) Doctor and patient D) Driver and passenger.10. A) By bus. B) By underground. C) On foot. D) By taxi.11. A) A ring. B) A scarf C) A watch. D) A skirt.12. A) Have lunch with him. B) Help Jim clean the house.C) Look after her baby. D) Prepare lunch for Jim.13. A) He got up later than usual B) His car broke down.C) He was stuck in traffic. D) He left home too late.14. A) Megan doesn’t like the novel. B) Rob has read the novel.C) Megan has seen the movie. D) Rob wants to see the movie.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statementsare true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示) (7分)15. Sam teaches others to play basketball.16. Joe’s school basketball team lost all the games before Sam helped them.17. In the first half of the 11th game, the school team didn’t play well.18. The team wanted to invite Michael Jordan to join them.19. Miller is a very famous basketball player.20. The story mainly tells us that we should encourage team work if we want to succeed.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容。
2017届上海市浦东区高三英语二模(含答案)--2017.04.20
浦东新区2016学年度第二学期教学质量检测高三英语试卷2017.4II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)Section Asay,amandfor the future, according to the paper’s own 2020 report __31__ on Tuesday.―While the past two years have been a time of significant innovation, the pace must speed up,‖ the authors wrote in the opening of the re port. ―Too often, digital progress has been accomplished through workarounds; now we must tear apart the barriers. We must __32__ between mission and tradition: what we do because it’s essential to our values and what we do because we’ve always done it.‖The report indicates how far the paper has come in __33__ itself to the digital age while also pointing out what needs to be done.The areas that need __34__ are focused on the newsroom, particularly in the tools and internal structures that journalists must deal with to produce their work.Many of the report’s recommendations are __35__ to anyone who closely follows the Times or newspapers in general: A(n) __36__ away from print’s outsized importance on the newsroom’s operations, better ways to include multimedia in stories and a renewed effort at creating a more diverse newsroom with a variety of skills.The paper has an ongoing goal that started in 2016 of doubling digital revenue to $800 million by 2020. ―To __37__ our future, we need to expand considerably our number of subscribers by 2020.‖The report also calls into question the formats on which the Times—and most other newspapers—rely, namely a mix of news stories and features that are text heavy. ―Too much of our daily report remains __38__ by l ong texts.‖ the report states.The report stresses that the Times should do more to educate readers. ―Our readers are __39__ for advice from The Times. Too often, we don’t offer it, or offer it only in print-centric forms.‖ the report states. Perhaps the most interesting part of the report comes at the very bottom in the form of comments from the paper’s own journalists. Reporters said they would like to see __40__ in choice of how to tell certain stories, and some disagreement about what kind of tone the Times should embrace going forward.III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section AHave We Reached Peak Trade?Globalization is usually defined as the free movement of people, goods and capital. It’s been the most important __41__ force of modernity. Until the financial crisis of 2008, global trade grew twice as fast as the global economy itself. __42__, thanks to both economics and politics, globalization as we have known it is developing fast.The question is: Have we reached peak trade? If you think of it in terms of the flow of digital data and ideas, no—it’s actually __43__. Indeed, the cross-border flow of digital data—e-commerce, web searches, online video, machine-to-machine interactions—has grown 45 times larger since 2005 and is __44__ to grow much faster than the global economy over the next few years.There’s no doubt globalization has increased wealth at both global and national levels. But free trade can also widen the __45__ gap within countries, in part by creating concentrated groups of economic losers. Free trade has made goods and services cheaper for Americans—think of all the inexpensive Chinese-made goods at Walmart—but it hasn’t always __46__ their job prospects. From 1990 to 2008, the areas most __47__ to foreign competition saw almost no net new jobs created. That’s one reason the new generation of Americans is on track to be _-48__ than their parents.The gains of free trade do not always __49__ the losses. This realization that the tide of __50__ doesn’t raise all boats has fed into the anti-free trade movement. And companies themselves are __51__ globalization.Nevertheless, there is one reason to be __52__ about the future of globalization—at least, the new information-based kind. McKinsey data estimate that the companies responsible for the jump in flows of digital goods, services and information will include a much higher proportion of small businesses than in the past. An estimated 86% of tech-based startups surveyed by McKinsey now do some cross-border business-- __53__ before the arrival of the Internet, when globalization was dominated by super powers. That means that more of the wealth generated by globalization could flow down to the 80% of the population that hasn’t __54__ as much as it should have.If those individuals feel they are being empowered by open borders and freer trade, it could help swing the political pendulum（钟摆）back toward globalization in some form. Despite its laws, it has been an economic force that has lifted more people out of __55__ than anything else the world has ever known.41. A. political B. cultural C. economic D. natural42. A. Otherwise B. Hence C. Moreover D. Yet43. A. depressing B. increasing C. approving D. operating44. A. projected B. tracked C. signaled D. needed45. A. price B. welfare C. pension D. wealth46. A. ruined B. helped C. foreseen D. reversed47. A. resistant B. suited C. exposed D. inaccessible48. A. happier B. healthier C. wealthier D. poorer49. A. outweigh B. balance C. suffer D. substitute50. A. materialism B. modernization C. globalization D. consumption51. A. withdrawing from B. counting on C. profiting from D. insisting on52. A. confused B. concerned C. optimistic D. curious53. A. adaptable B. accessible C. affordable D. impossible54. A. striven B. consumed C. benefited D. digested55. A. fear B. poverty C. frustration D. embarrassmentSection B(A)Dear Cutie-Pie,Recently, your mother and I were searching for an answer on Google. Half way through entering the question, Google returned a list of the most popular searches in the world. At the top of the list was ―How to keep him interested.‖It surprised me a lot. I scanned several of the countless articles about how to be sexy and sexual, when to bring him a beer versus a sandwich, and the ways to make him feel smart and superior.And I got angry.Little One, it is not, has never been, and never will be your job to ―keep him interested.‖Little One, your only task is to know deeply in your soul—in that unshakeable place that isn’t upset by rejection and loss—that you are worthy of interest.If you can trust your worth in this way, you will be attractive in the most important sense of the world: you will attract a boy who is both capable of interest and who wants to spend his one life investing all of his interest in you.Little One, I want to tell you about the boy who doesn’t need to be kept interested, because he knows you are interesting.I don’t care if he can’t p lay a bit of golf with me—as long as he can play with the children you give him and revel in all the glorious and frustrating ways they are just like you. I don’t care if he doesn’t follow his wallet—as long as he follows his heart and it always leads him back to you. I don’t care if he is strong—as long as he gives you the space to exercise the strength that is in your heart. I couldn’t care less how he votes—as long as he wakes up every morning and daily elects you to a place of honor in your home and a p lace of respect in his heart. I don’t care about the color of his skin. I don’t care if he was raised in this religion or that religion or no religion.Little One, if you come across a man like that and he and I have nothing else in common, we will have the most important thing in common: You.Because in the end, Little One, the only thing you should have to do to ―keep him interested‖ is to be you.Your eternally interested guy,Daddy56.What shocked Daddy when he was surfing on the Internet?A. Girls’ knowing nothing about trusting themselves.B. Girls’ giving priority to finding ways to please boys.C. Girls’ bringing foods and drinks to boys from time to time.D. Girls’ being upset by being rejected constantly. 57.Father thinks what is of primary importance to his daughter is to _____________________.A. keep the boy interestedB. know she deserves a boy’s interestC. attract a boy willing to invest all in herD. find a boy who can please her(B)Self-driving CapabilitiesSensor and camera-equipped models from Audi andV olkswagen, among others, don’t just automaticallybrake to prevent minor accidents; they can actuallynavigate （行驶）around highway traffic and intogarages without a human at the wheel. Attractive Dashboards In addition to Ford’s new Sync system, which better understands voice commands, Apple and Google have partnered with automakers to create interfaces （界面）as user-friendly as the ones on your smartphone.Smarter HeadlightsAudi’s and BMW’s ultra -bright laser headlights candetect oncoming cars and dim slightly to avoiddisturbing their drivers. One problem: they’re notyet legal in the U.S.Self-parking Skills The new model of BMW’s all -electric can find its own spot in a parking lot, then send signals via a smart-watch app to contact its drivers.60. In terms of Self-driving Capabilities, what makes Audi and V olkswagen stand out?A. Braking when sensing red lightsB. Going into garages without a driverC. Stopping other cars on highwayD. Taking photos with a camera61. Which of the cars can adjust the headlights in order not to upset drivers in oncoming cars?A. Ford and V olkswagenB. Audi and BMWC. Audi and V olkswagenD. BMW and Ford62. In which section of a car magazine does the article most probably appear?A. First DriveB. Cars For RentC. Instrumental TestsD. Smart Tech(C)On the occasional clear-frost autumn night, I was hiking through the dark forest with my GMO wolf. Yes, my best friend is a genetically modified organism（转基因生物）; deliberate selection has produced the blunt-toothed, small-pawed wonder that walks by my side.Our world is changing rapidly. In the last five decades, global population has fully doubled, with 3.7 billion hungry mouths added to our planet. During this same time span, the amount of land suitable for agriculture has increased by only 5%. Miraculously, this did not result in the great global famine（饥荒）one might have predicted.How do scientists modify a plant so that it makes more food than its parents did? We could treat each harvest like a litter of wolf pups and select only plants bearing the fattest, richest seeds for the next season. This was the method our ancestors used to engineer rice, corn and wheat from the wild grasses they encountered.During my childhood, advances in genetic technologies allowed scientists to identify and clone the genes responsible for repressing stem growth, leading to shorter, stronger stalks that could bear more seed—the high-yield crops that feed us today. The 21st century has brought with it a marvelous new set of high-tech tools with which to further quicken the process of artificial selection. Plant geneticists can now directly edit out or edit in sections of DNA using molecular scissors. We can minimize a plant’s weaknesses while adding to its strengths, and we don’t have to wait for seasons to pass to test the result.It is the transformative potential of these techniques to quickly supply the next-generation crops required for upcoming climate change that has led me to believe in the safety and function of GMO plants in agricultural products. We need more GMO research to feed the world that we are creating.I love the quiet forest that stands between my lab and my home. But I know that as a scientist, I am responsible first to humanity. We must feed, shelter and nurture one another as our first priority, and to do so, we must take advantage of our best technologies, which have always included some type of genetic modification. We must continue as before, nourishing the future as we feed ourselves, and each year plant only the very best of what we have collectively engineered. I keep the faith of my ancestors each night when I walk through the forest to my lab, and my GMO wolf does the same when she guards my way home.63. Why does the author mention the wolf in the 1st paragraph?A. To advise people to keep wolves as petsB. To persuade readers to welcome the new technologyC. To change people’s attitude towards wolvesD. To introduce a technology used to hum ans’ advantage64. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. GMO technology will help weatherproof future crops.B. With GMO technology, famine has been eliminated.C. Artificial selections make high-yield plants possible.D. The author believes technology should contribute to future generations.attocity of Boston, the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.While Franklin’s gifts lay in wait, the tradition he established evolved alongside the young nation. 68. ________ Often far less famed men and women have played a cr itical role in philanthropy’s evolution. One of my personal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generation of African-American students.69. ________ The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the rich people to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems that makephilanthropy so necessary. Just before his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote, ―Philanthropy is praise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthro py necessary.‖Franklin’s gifts represent a broader principle. We are guardians of a public trust, even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people. 70. ________ America’s greatest strength is not the fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting.IV. 71. Summary Writing (10%)Every year, more and more parents complain to their children’s schools about PE. They believe that their child ren shouldn’t have to participate in physical activity if they don’t want to . Supporters of PE, however, believe that it is a crucial element of all-round schooling and our society’s well-being. They insist PE in schools remains one of the few places by which the youth can be forced to participate in aerobic exercise.Firstly, they believe that participation in sport promotes health. In fact physical education is a springboard for involvement in sport and physical activities throughout life. Government is, or should be, concerned with the health of its citizens. Encouraging physical activity in the young through compulsory PE fights child obesity and contributes to forming lifelong habits of exercise. This doesn’t have to be through traditional team sports; increasingly schools are able to offer exercise in the form of swimming, gymnastics, dance, etc.Besides, physical education helps to develop character and the mutual（相互的）respect required to succeed in an adult environment. Playing team sports builds character and encourages students to work with others, as they would be expected to do in most business or sporting environments. Sport teaches children how to win and lose with good grace and builds a strong school spirit through competition with other institutions. It is often the experience of playing on a team together that builds the strongest friendships at school, which endure for years afterwards.Finally, the pursuit for national sporting achievement begins in schools. If schools don’t have compulsory PE, it is much harder to pick out, develop and equip athletes to represent the country on a wider stage. However, it’s much easier to find suitable individuals with a full sports program in every school.V. Translation (15%)72. 正巧这几天有空，去公园散步如何？(happen)73. 一副油画赠予了该美术馆，以纪念两个城市间的珍贵友谊。
2017届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作(Summary Writing)--学生版(已校对)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.How Safe Is Your Bed?Do you consider your bed a safe place of rest and calm? Do you sink into a mattress (床垫) after a hard day’s work and feel tension and stress drain away as you rest your weary head on a soft pillow? Well, you might not feel so relaxed if you knew that tiny pests were hiding there! It seems that beds may not be such a good place for our health and happiness ---- they could actually be making us ill!Recent studies have shown that bacteria, fungi and dust mites (螨虫), some smaller than the diameter of a hair, live in our bedding. When we move around in our sleep, we disturb them and they are bounced up into the air -- which we then breathe in as we sleep. According to the American Lung Association, four out of five households in the United States now have high levels of dust mites, although it’s not the mites themselves that cause the problems, but their droppings. These are “highly allergenic(致敏的)” according to Dr William Berger, a fellow with the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. “Even if you aren’t allergic… they can still irritate you, the way pepper would if it blew into your nose and eyes.”Brendan Boor, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, who carries out bed research, also found that bed dust in the air leads to allergies -- causing watery eyes, sneezing, coughs and asthma. He has recommended ways to limit our exposure to these boring allergens: Firstly, he suggests vacuuming your mattress regularly –weekly, or even daily. He also recommends doing away with carpets and washing floors. Using allergen-proof bed covers, he says, can reduce the risk of getting allergies. In addition, washing bedding and pillows frequently can help, as can a portable air cleaner placed near the bed.If you do as Brendan Boor suggests, you will breathe in cleaner air as you sleep … or will you? Is it really safe for you to go back in your bed?IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Moustache（胡子）for Cash“Movember”, as the annual event is known, sees men in countries including the UK, US and Australia grow out their facial hair while collecting sponsorship money from friends, family and colleagues, with the money going to cancer charities.The month of no shaving began unofficially in 2003, when a pair of men from Australia persuaded their family to join them in growing a moustache in order to encourage men to get themselves checked for cancer, which is seen as distasteful by some males. A year later, the group decided to set up the Movember Foundation, asking friends and colleagues to offer donations of money to support their efforts, and raised a massive A$54,000 which was shared between a number of health projects. With thanks most likely to social media, Movember soon went global and the foundation now operates worldwide, having raised over ￡440 million since 2004. The effects of the fundraising are wide-reaching, which had made a significant discovery in the treatment of cancer.The issue of some men being too self-willed to visit their doctor for a checkup, or perhaps being raised in a culture of “tough it out”, has led some males to neglect their health, which may mean it could be too late if something potentially deadly did develop. However, Movember is helping to break down the shame of male health by making it more accessible, meaning that men are more likely to visit their doctors. They found a way to appeal to men in a way that other campaigns just don’t – with a sort of blokey① jokiness.①blokey: behaving in a way that is supposed to be typical of men , especially men enjoying themselves in a group.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Every year, more and more parents complain to their children’s schools about PE. They believe that their children shouldn’t have to participate in physical activity if they don’t want to .Supporters of PE, however, believe that it is a crucial element of all-round schooling and our society’s well-being. They insist PE in schools remains one of the few places by which the youth can be forced to participate in aerobic exercise.Firstly, they believe that participation in sport promotes health. In fact physical education is a springboard for involvement in sport and physical activities throughout life. Government is, or should be, concerned with the health of its citizens. Encouraging physical activity in the young through compulsory PE fights child obesity and contributes to forming lifelong habits of exercise. This doesn’t have to be through traditional team sports; increasingly schools are able to offer exercise in the form of swimming, gymnastics, dance, etc.Besides, physical education helps to develop character and the mutual（相互的）respect required to succeed in an adult environment. Playing team sports builds character and encourages students to work with others, as they would be expected to do in most business or sporting environments. Sport teaches children how to win and lose with good grace and builds a strong school spirit through competition with other institutions. It is often the experience of playing on a team together that builds the strongest friendships at school, which endure for years afterwards.Finally, the pursuit for national sporting achievement begins in schools. If schools don’t have compulsory PE, it is much harder to pick out, develop and equip athletes to represent the country on a wider stage. However, it’s much easier to find suitable individuals with a full sports program in every school.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.HopeNothing in my life had prepared me for what I had to do. Choosing my words carefully, and fighting to stay calm, I told my 4-year-old daughter that her grandmother had suffered a stroke（中风），that she was unconscious, and that the doctors said she would probably never wake up. As she moved closer to me, Amelia looked at me, eyes bright, and said,“Maybe Grandma will be okay.”“Maybe she will,”I said, keeping back the tears, But I knew better. I was flying up to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, from our Florida home in the morning to say good-bye to my mom.The rest of that awful week, I joined my brother and father sitting by my mother’s side in the hospital room. I held her hand and talked to her. I told her that we still needed her. I told her that it wasn’t time to leave yet. I told her how much I loved her. And I told her that her little granddaughter, Amelia, believed that she’d get better. The doctors, with all their years of training and experience, offered no hope for recovery. The damage was simply too extensive.Then, a couple of weeks later, an odd thing happened. Mom woke up. She regained consciousness. Persevered through a long and tough recovery, during which she had to learn to walk, read, and write all over again, and eventually returned home to Dad. The only one who wasn’t shocked was Amerlia. The doctors couldn’t explain it. Amelia didn’t need to. Hope came as naturally to her as breathings.So why are we so afraid to hope sometimes? Maybe it’s because over the year, life’s disappointments can turn us to disillusionment（理想破灭）. How many times have you heard someone say:“Hope for the best, expect the worst”?That’s not really hope at all.Hope is being able to look at our world with all of the joy and wonder of a child.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Meet The Member Who Quit SugarWhen I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’t feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile.Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy.But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.It started with my mum. She staged an intervention(干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change - I needed to change - and she could see how unhappy I was.She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shock horror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’clock hunger hits.But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love that personal time.Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words “quit sugar”. It’s not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is w here I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses or skirts, and take leadership roles to put myself out there and develop my social skills.I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet - quitting sugar or otherwise - to share their decision with people. Develop a support network, online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when you’re down. And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.There are various means consumers can do if they find that an item they bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s claims. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the placeof purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general st atements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work”. The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer’s rights.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why do we read poetry? First obvious one: because we enjoy it. The only other reason is for academic purposes, and that's not why this is here.Many of us read poetry simply because we often feel depressed and hopelessly lost, and in poetry we see how beautiful and strange everything is. So in that way poetry calms our anxiety.There are many different kinds of poems. They are not all calming. Some poems make me anxious, angry, scared, and sad, which is why I value them. As a reader, I want a full meal, not just dessert. I want the sweet and the bitter. Often, I read poetry when I’m already relaxed. In fact, I read more when I'm not stressed out.Here are the main reasons I respond to poetry, as far as I can tell. Metrical (格律的) poems are about setting up rules and then bending them. Usually this is done by setting up a rhythm and then breaking it or almost breaking it, and then returning to it again. This satisfies my desire for order and also my desire for testing boundaries.Poetry plays with language and often puts words together in surprising ways, which is thrilling the way that food can be, when the chef has paired ingredients you never thought would taste good together but somehow do.Many poems are dense. Words mean two or three things at once and lots of suggestions are packed between the lines. This is intellectually inspiring and it allows me to read the same poem over and over, always finding new things in it.And, of course, there’s the subject matter. It interests me ju st as it would if the same subject was explored in a story or essay. Not all poems interest me in this way, but then not all stories and essays do, either.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wearable technology can reportedly tell you a lot more than just the number of calories you’re burning or how many steps you’ve walked… That clever smartwatch can actually tell that you’re about to get a cold, days before you start feeling poorly. As New Scientist reports, researchers at Stanford University in California have discovered that wearable tech can now detect when you’re about to fall prey to (感染) a frightening winter bug, simply by tracking your vital statistics.After monitoring 40 smartwatch users for up to two years, the team has demonstrated that the devices can be used to detect the first signs of coming illness. The particip ants’ pulse and skin temperature were continuously monitored throughout the period, with the scientists noting that their smartwatches recorded unusually higher heart rates and skin temperatures up to three days before the volunteers began displaying symptoms of cold or flu.Study leader Michael Snynder said: “Once these wearables collect enough data to know what your normal baseline readings are, they can get very good at sensing when something goes wrong. We think that if your heart rate and skin temperat ure are elevated for about two hours, there’s a strong chance you’re getting sick.” “Continuous tracking of your vital signs is more informative than having a doctor measure them once a year and comparing them with population averages,” he added.The team now hopes to create an algorithm (算法) that will let smartwatches notify you when you’re about to get sick. Well, at least that might give us the chance to stock up on vitaminsand wrap up warm before the germ attacks!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Fun Offices Make Workers Happier?In order to make their employees happier, companies around the world have been busy installing play equipment in the workplace. Table football, computer games and action figures have become common in some workplaces.Despite all this effort, unfortunately, work still makes people unhappy. According to a study by the London School of Economics, the place where people feel most miserable is work.To proceed with an emphasis on being happy, however, other emotions are crowded out. Anger, sadness, anxiety and uncertainty all become a no-no. Such a ban on negative emotions can be emotionally bad for employees. A number of studies have shown that being able to express a range of positive and negative emotions is important, particularly when people are dealing with difficult experiences.Besides, being constantly on the lookout for happiness may actually drive happiness away from us. Scientists have found that when we talk about how important happiness is, we become less likely to find it, even when we have experiences that usually make us happy.Wanting to be happy at work is fair enough, but being forced to be happy at work can be troubling. If companies were genuinely interested in making their employees happy, they would perhaps look at some more “down-to-eart h” interventions (务实的干预). A simple step would be to stop interrupting workers with all sorts of pointless demands such as long emails and unnecessary forms. A study by Harvard Business School found workers felt most satisfied on days when they were able to focus on a piece of work and make meaningful progress on it.In short, if companies really want to make their employees happier, they should think long and hard before pointless restructuring.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were used to store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transportgoods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches.Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Moving My CurfewFor some time now , I have had an 8:00 p.m. curfew ---the time by which I have to be at home , even on weekends. When I was younger , I didn’t really complain . But now I have reached an age when this curfew is no longer suitable . For several reasons , it is clearly time to move my curfew to 10:00 p.m. on weekends.First of all , I ’m soon going to be an adult , like all teenagers , I need practice handling the greater freedom that goes along with being an adult . When teenagers don’t get practice handling freedom , they often make many serious mistakes. For example , some teenagers go away to college and suddenly they don’t know how to handle it , and they get into trouble . I上海市各区2017届高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编：摘要写作Summary Writingbelieve it is better to increase freedom gradually . That may the teenager learners how to handle freedom responsibly . I believe I could handle a later curfew without making serious mistakes in judgment.A later curfew is also important to me because I’m an active student . As you know , I am often on the committee in charge of running extra-curricular activities .Because of my present curfew , I have to finish school activities over an hour before they are over. Others students must take over for me when I leave . A 10:00 curfew would allow me to stay until the end of school functions and give me enough time to get home without rushing .Finally , I am a teenager who can be trusted to handle a 10:00 p.m curfew . I know that many teenagers cannot handle much responsibility . However , I am clearly not that kind of teenager. I have proven myself to be a very responsible person . For example , I have never been in serious trouble , either at school or in the company . I also hold a part-time job and still manage to maintain a “B” average in school . In other words , I am a person who uses my time wisely , meets responsibilities an stays out of trouble .11。
上海市各区2017届高三英语二模汇编：阅读理解A篇(带答案精准校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In this section we consider what you can do to train your brain to improve your game playing skills.1. Daily workoutIt is very easy to find tactical puzzles and train. However, you must try to solve them. Don‘t just stare at the position for 10 seconds and then turn to the solution. You won‘t learn anything. Have a go at trying to solve the puzzle. If you got it right then great ---- well done. However, if you got it wrong, then have another look. Ask yourself questions such as the following:●Why did I get it wrong?●What was wrong with my solution?●What was the weakness that the tactic exploited?Where can you find tactical puzzles?It‘s easy. They are everywhere. Many newspapers, including Independent, and magazines have a daily or weekly chess puzzle. Key ―chess puzzles‖ into Google and you‘ll find a whole load of them. There are plenty of puzzle books.2. Use softwareNowadays chess software is terribly cheap. World Champion Vladimir Kramnik recently lost a match 4 – 2 against a software program. This program is available for about ￡30.In general, people use chess software for the wrong reasons. They often play game after game against the machine and get beaten every time. Bored with this, they turn the playing level right down so that the program is almost playing random moves and then they can beat it every time and feel better.Neither method will help you improve. However, chess software can be a fantastically useful learning tool if used in two particular ways.The first is if you have tried to solve a puzzle but it‘s a bit too difficult and you don‘t really understand the solution. Never mind ---- well done for trying. Now set the position up on the program and try different moves. Chess software is faultless at tactical play. It will instantly tellyou the right and wrong moves and why they do or don‘t work.Secondly you can run over games you have played to learn where you have gone wrong and where you could have improved. Get into the habit of keeping the score (i.e. writing down the moves) of games that you play. This will help you to improve and refine your understanding of tactical themes and patterns.56. What would be the best title of this passage?A. How to Train Your BrainB. Where to Find Tactical PuzzlesC. Daily Workout and Use of SoftwareD. How to Improve Your Chess-Playing Skills57. The underlined part ―tactical puzzles‖ in the second paragraph most probably means ______.A. puzzles making us better understand themes and patterns of difficult gamesB. puzzles showing us how to train our brains to think more effectivelyC. puzzles teaching us some skills to play more difficult gamesD. puzzles only teaching us how to play chess games well58. Which of the following would be the right way of using chess software?A. Playing as many games against the machine as possible.B. Always trying difficult puzzles to improve your chess skills.C. Running over games you‘ve played to learn from mistakes and improve.D. Turning the playing level down to build your self confidence and feel better.59. What does the writer think about chess software?A. Chess software will help a lot if properly used.B. Chess software below 30 pounds is too cheap to use.C. Chess software is a fantastically useful learning toolin daily work.D. Chess software helps improve understanding of tactical themes and patterns.Keys:56-59: DBCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Born in 1823 in Wales, Alfred Russel Wallace was a man of modest means, but he had a passion for nature and he chose to follow it. He started out collecting insects as a hobby, but eventually his longing for adventure led him to explore the world.Luckily for Wallace, Victorian Britain was discovering an interest in weird and wonderful insects, so the demand from museums and private collections for these beasts was growing. Wallace was able to make a living doing what he loved: collecting beetles and other insects.But his first trip of exploring the world ended in disaster. Wallace proceeded to the Amazon in South America. Its giant forests promised a wealth of new species, sure to put him on the scientific map. The trip took 6 weeks and involved every mode of transport in existence at the time. After four years Wallace set off for home, but his boat caught fire in the middle of the Atlantic. Everyone survived, but Wallace had to watch in despair as his samples went up in flames –including live animals he was bringing home that were trying to jump free of the flames. But he did not let it stop him.In 1854, Wallace set off on another adventure, this time to the Malay Archipelago. Wallace found himself humbled by the new and exciting things he saw. He later recalled: ―As I lie listening to these interesting sounds, I think how many besides myself have longed to see with their own eyes the many wonderful and beautiful things which I am daily encountering.‖In 1858, Wallace wrote what became known as the ―Ternate essay‖: a piece of writing that was to change our understanding of life forever. In his essay, Wallace argued that a species would only turn into another species if it was struggling for existence. Henry W. Bates was one of many scientists delighted by the idea of evolution by natural selection. In a letter to Wallace, he wrote: ―The idea is like truth itself, so simple and obvious that those who read and understand it will be struck by its simplicity; and yet it is perfectly original.‖56. __________ finally caused Wallace to explore the world.A. His strong affection for natureB. His life-long devotion to beastsC. His deep love for adventureD. Increasing demand for insects57. Which of the following is TRUE about Wallace‘s first trip?A. It took him six weeks to explore the Amazon with all kinds of transportation.B. He made a scientific study of a fairly limited number of insects.C. The fire cost him his four years‘ collection of animals.D. His passion cooled after the disaster.58. Wallace felt _____ on the Malay Archipelago.A. fearlessB. luckyC. challengedD. risky59. Wallace‘s idea on evolution of natural selection __________.A. made no sense at that timeB. built up a new concept of lifeC. was too simple to be trueD. revealed the origin of natureKeys:56-59 CCBBSection BDirections: Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestions or unfinishedstatements. Foreach ofthemtherearefour choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choose the onethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Dear Cutie-Pie,Recently, your mother and I were searching for an answer on Google. Half way through entering the question, Google returned a list of the most popular searches in the world. At the top of the list was ―How to keep him interested.‖It surprised me a lot. I scanned several of the countless articles about how to be sexy and sexual, when to bring him a beer versus a sandwich, and the ways to make him feel smart and superior.And I got angry.Little One, it is not, has never been, and never will be your job to ―keep him interested.‖Little One, your only task is to know deeply in your soul—in that unshakeable place that isn‘t upset by rejection and loss—that you are worthy of interest.If you can trust your worth in this way, you will be attractive in the most important sense ofthe world: you will attract a boy who is both capable of interest and who wants to spend his one life investing all of his interest in you.Little One, I want to tell you about t he boy who doesn‘t need to be kept interested, because he knows you are interesting.I don‘t care if he can‘t play a bit of golf with me—as long as he can play with the children you give him and revel in all the glorious and frustrating ways they are just like you. I don‘t care if he doesn‘t follow his wallet—as long as he follows his heart and it always leads him back to you. I don‘t care if he is strong—as long as he gives you the space to exercise the strength that is in your heart. I couldn‘t care less how he votes—as long as he wakes up every morning and daily elects you to a place of honor in your home and a place of respect in his heart. I don‘t care about the color of his skin. I don‘t care if he was raised in this religion or that religion or no re ligion.Little One, if you come across a man like that and he and I have nothing else in common, we will have the most important thing in common: You.Because in the end, Little One, the only thing you should have to do to ―keep him interested‖ is to be you.Your eternally interested guy,Daddy56. What shocked Daddy when he was surfing on the Internet?A. Girls‘ knowing nothing about trusting themselves.B. Girls‘ giving priority to finding ways to please boys.C. Girls‘ bringing foods and drinks to boys from time to time.D. Girls‘ being upset by being rejected constantly.57. Father thinks what is of primary importance to his daughter is to ____________.A. keep the boy interestedB. know she deserves a boy‘s interestC. attract a boy willing to invest all in herD. find a boy who can please her58. According to the passage, what does the underlined word ―revel‖ mean?A. feel depressedB. become puzzledC. look aroundD. enjoy himself59. What‘s the main purpose of this letter?A. To advise his daughter to trust her worth.B. To inform his daughter how to keep others interested.C. To show his daughter how to find her true love.D. To help his daughter find someone with common interests.Keys:56—59 B B D ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)When Frank and I stepped through the post office doors, there was a crowd gathered, gawking at the new fixture on the wall like a chorus of wide-mouthed frogs. I had to get closer, and that was where being a girl that's scrawnier than a wire fence came in handy. Fortunately, Frank, my twin of eleven years, was just the same."Come on." I said, grabbing his hand, and we slid through the cracks between people until we spilled out in front.Finally I got a good look. It was fixed to the plaster next to the postmaster's window, the place of honor usually reserved for the Wanted posters. Beady-eyed Zedekiah Smith, the bank robber, still hung there, but even he had been pushed aside for something more important.A telephone. The first one in town."How's it work?" Noah Crawford called out. Noah's the best fix-it man around, and I could tell he was itching to get his fingers on those shiny knobs."Don't rightly know," answered the postmaster, and he tugged at his goatee as if it might tell him. "I do know the sound of your voice moves along wires strung on poles. It's sort of like the telegraph, only you hear words instead of dots and dashes.""Ah," the crowd murmured, and I felt my own mouth move along.I gazed at that gleaming wood box and something happened inside me. Something — I can only guess — that might be like falling in love. The thought of talking into that box — of making my voice sail through wires in the sky — it took over my brain. I couldn't get it out."Frank," I whispered to my twin. "I have to use that telephone."Five minutes later, Frank towed me up Main Street, toward home. "Liza — " he began, but I cut him off. We two thought so much alike, I had Frank's questions answered before he even asked.56. People crowded in the post office because ___________.A. they were attracted by a new posterB. the postmaster was delivering a speechC. they were curious about the telephoneD. there was a wanted bank robber captured57. Which of the following is Not True according to the passage?A. Many people stared at the new device in open-mouthed amazement.B. The slight-figured twins managed to push to the front of the crowd.C. Even the best fix-it man in the town got no idea about the new device.D. The postmaster didn‘t know anything about how the telephone worked.58. By― It took over my brain. I couldn’t get it out.‖,we get a clear picture of the girl‘s ______.A. eagerness to use the telephoneB. fascination for the wood boxC. puzzlement over the strange soundD. determination to fly in the sky59. What is the passage mainly about?A. The twins‘ frustrating experiences in the town.B. A special assembly called in the local post office.C. People‘s reaction to the arrival of the first telephone.D. A great celebration of the start of telephone service.Keys:56-59 CDACSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI used to think ants knew what they were doing. The onesmarching across my kitchen counter looked so confident; I just figuredthey had a plan, knew where they were going and what needed to bedone. How else could ants organize highways, build elaborate nests,launch impressive attacks, and do all the other things ants do?Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren‘t clever little engineers, architects, or soldiersafter all --- at least not as individuals. When it comes to deciding what to do next, most ants don‘t have a clue. ―If you watch an ant try to accomplish something, you‘ll be impressed by how awkward it is,‖ says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at Stanford University.―Ants aren‘t smart,‖ Gordon says. ―Ant colonies are.‖ A colony can solve p roblems unthinkable for individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, assigning workers to different tasks, or defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively to their environment. They do it with something called collective intelligence.Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make a critical decision about their hive(蜂巢)if many of them disagree? The collective abilities of such animals --- one of which grasps the big picture, but each of which contributes to the group‘s success --- seem miraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.56. The author‘s former false impression about ants is that he thought them to be _______.A. smartB. awkwardC. elaborateD. creative57. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.B. Ants are the only species which developed collective intelligence.C. The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.D. An individual ant can‘t comprehend the whole process of a big movement.58. The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with _______.A. where we can observe such fantastic behavior of antsB. which is the leading ant in charge of the actionC. how the collective intelligence worksD. what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilitiesKEYS: 56-58 ADCSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If your in-box is currently reporting unread messages in the hundreds or thousands, you might have a hard time believing the news: e-mail is on the decline.At first thought, that might seem to be the case. The incoming generation, after all, doesn‘t do e-mail. Oh, they might have an account. They use it only as we would use a fax machine: as a means to communicate with old-school folks like their parents or to fulfill the sign-up requirements of Web sites. They rarely check it, though.Today‘s instant electronic memos—such as texting and Facebook and Twitter messages—are more direct, more concentrated, more efficient. They go without the salutation (称呼语) and the signoff (签收); we already know the ―to‖ and ―from.‖ Many corporations are moving to messaging networks for exactly that reason: more signal, less noise and less time. This trend is further evidence that store-and-forward systems such as e-mail and voicemail are outdated. Instead of my leaving you a lengthy message that you pick up later, I can now send you an easily-read message that you can read—and respond to—on the go.The coming of the mobile era is responsible for the decline of e-mail. Instant written messages bring great convince to people. They can deal with them at about any time: before amovie, in a taxi, waiting for lunch. And because these messages are very brief, they‘re suitable for smart phonetyping.Does this mean e-mail is on its way to the dustbin of digital history? Not necessarily. E-mail still has certain advantages. On the other hand, tweets and texts feel ephemeral—you read them, then they‘re gone, into an endless string, e-mail still feels like something you have and that you can f ile, search and return to later. It‘s easy to imagine that it will continue to feel more appropriate for formal communications: agreements, important news, longer explanations.So, e-mail won‘t go away completely. Remember, we‘ve been through a transition (过度) like this not so long ago: when e-mail was on the rise, people said that postal mail was dead. That‘s not how it works. Postal mail found its smaller market, and so will e-mail. New technology rarely replaces old one completely; it just adds new alternatives.56. What would the incoming generation like to do with their e-mail accounts?A. Contact close friends.B. Send long messages.C. Fill in some forms.D. Communicate with their colleagues.57. Which of the following is mainly discussed in paragraphs 3 and 4?A. The possible reasons behind the decline of e-mail.B. The likes and dislikes of the young generation.C. The rapid development of e-communication channels.D. Evidence about the uncertain future of easily-consumed messages.58. What does the underlined word ―ephemeral‖ in paragraph 5 mean?A. Automatically-sending.B. Randomly-written.C. Hardly- recognized.D. Shortly-appearing.59. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. It‘s too early to determine the decline of e-mail.B. E-mail has reasons to exist on its own advantages.C. E-mail, just like postal mail has come to its end.D. We should feel sorry for the decline of e-mail.KEYS: 56-59CADBSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Like many other people, I love my smart phone, which keeps me connected with the larger world that can go anywhere with me. I also love my laptop，because it holds all of my writing and thoughts. In spite of this love of technology,I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices and truly communicate with others.On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the materials and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom, I have a rule —no laptop,iPads,phones,etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. There‘s a bit of truth to that. Some students assume that I am anti-technology. There‘s no truth in tha t at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it, so I can relate to my students.The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course materials and the class discussion.I‘ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course materials beyond the classroom.I‘m not saying that I won‘t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the chan ge,I‘m sticking to my plan. A few hours oftechnology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.56. Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with____________.A. the course materialsB. the author‘s class regulationsC. discussion topicsD. others‘ misuse of technology57. Which of the following statements is true?A. The author made the rule in that he was against technology.B. The author made the rule mainly because of his unpleasant experiences.C. The author‘s history class received low assessment.D. The students think highly of the author‘s history class.58. According to the author, the use of technology in the classroom may ___________.A. allow students to get on well with each otherB. improve teaching and offer more helpC. help students to better understand complex themesD. prohibit students being involved in class59. What can we infer from the passage?A. The author will carry on the success in the future.B. Some students will be punished according to the rule.C. More and more students will be absent in history class.D. The author will help students concentrate on what they learn.KEYS:56-59 BDDASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When memory began for me, my grandfather (―Gramp‖) was past sixty. The little marks of laughter at the corners of his eyes were the product of a kindly and humorous nature. The years ofwork which had bent his shoulders had never reduced his humor or his love of a joke. Everywhere he went, Gramp made friends easily. At the end of half an hour you felt you had known him all your life. I soon learned that he hated to give orders, but that when he had to, he tried to make his orders sound like suggestions.One July morning, as he was leaving to go to the cornfield, he said: ―Edwin, you can pick up the potatoes in the field today if you want to do that.‖ Then he drove away with his horses. The day passed, and I did not have any desire to pick up potatoes. Evening came and the potatoes were still in the field. Gramp, dusty and tired, led the horses to get their drink.―How many potatoes did you pick up?‖ Gramp inquired. ―I didn‘t pick any.‖ ―Not any! Why?‖ ―You said I could pick them up if I wanted to. You didn‘t say I had to.‖ In the next few minutes, I learned a lesson I will not forget: when Gramp said I could if I wanted to, he meant that I should want to.My grandmother (―Gram‖) worked hard all day, washing clothes, cleaning the house, makin g butter, and even working in the field when help was scarce. In the evening, though, she was not too tired to read books from the community library. For more than forty years, Gram read aloud to Gramp almost every evening. In this way, she and Gramp learned about all the great battles of history and became familiar with the works of great authors and the lives of famous men.She also had a deep love of beauty. When she was almost seventy-five and had gone to live with one of her daughters, she spent a delightful morning washing dishes because, as she said, the beautiful pattern on the dishes gave her pleasure. The birds, the flowers, the clouds –– all that was beautiful around her ––pleased her. She was like the father of the French painter, Millet, who us ed to gather grass and show it to his son, saying, ―See how beautiful this is!‖In a pioneer society it is the harder qualities of mind and character that are of value. The softer virtues are considered unnecessary. Men and women struggling daily to earn a living are unable, even for a moment, to forget the business of preserving their lives. Only unusual people, like my grandparents, managed to keep the softer qualities in a world of daily struggle.56. Which of the following is TRUE about Gramp according to the passage?A. He wouldn‘t listen to others.B. He was difficult to get along with.C. He gave his suggestions in the form of orders.D. He was eager to learn.57. According to the author, “softer qualities” DON’T include the ability _____________.A. to earn a livingB. to find beauty in everyday lifeC. to stay curious about new thingsD. to stay positive in a world of daily struggle58. In the days of the writer‘s grandparents _____________.A. ―softer qualities‖ were thought necessary but oft en ignoredB. ―harder qualities‖ were much harder to keep than ―softer qualities‖C. average people found it a piece of cake to earn a livingD. not all people understood how to appreciate beauty in life59. What‘s the most suitable title for the passage?A. Life of My GrandparentsB. Harder Qualities VS Softer QualitiesC. Stay Soft in a Hard WorldD. An Unforgettable PersonKeys:56-59 DADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）At first glance Esther Okade seems like a normal 10-year-old. She loves dressing up as Elsa from ―Frozen‖, playing with Barbie dolls and going to the park or shopping. But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she‘s also a university student.Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK‘s West Midlands region, is one of the country‘s youngest college freshmen. The talented 10-year-old enrolled at the Open University in January and is already top of the class, having recently scored 100% in an exam.―It‘s so interesting and super easy,‖ she laughs. ―My mum taught me in a nice way.‖ She adds: ―I want to finish the course in two years. Then I‘m going to do my PhD in financial maths。
2017届上海市杨浦区高三英语二模试卷(含听力文本和答案)
杨浦区2016学年第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2017.4I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 1:00 p.m. B. 2:03 p.m.C. 2:30 p.m.D. 2:45p.m.2. A. Jon Smith isn't in right now.B. The man dialed the wrong number.C. John Smith can't answer the phone right now.D. The woman is busy working and can't find John Smith.3. A. Delivering newspaper. B. Picking fruit. C. Baby-sitting. D. Posting advertisements4. A. At home. B. At a hair-dresser.C. In the office.D. In a library.5. A. Cook and baker. B. Waitress and diner.C. Tailor and customer.D. Boss and secretary.6. A. The man forgot saying something about the exam.B. The man said something that annoyed Jess.C. The man didn't care about the exam.D. The man kept talking in the exam.7. A. The boys are badly spoiled.B. The man gives them too much money.C. They should learn to manage money.D. She wants to save money for the boys.8. A. Delighted. B. Excited.C. Puzzled.D. Disappointed.9. A. Rebecca doesn't work hard enough.B. Rebecca never falls asleep in class.C. Rebecca has a Japanese cultural background.D. R ebecca's parents urge her to have more sleep.10. A. Cindy is satisfied with her new hair style.B. C indy is suffering from a serious hair loss.C. Cindy found her new image unbelievably nice.D. C indy's hairstylist didn't understand her requirement.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage (s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In Sichuan province in 2013.B. In Washington, DC in 2000.C. In Washington, DC in 2013.D. In Sichuan province in 2000.12. A. She was seriously ill.B. Her parents missed her too much.C. She was not accustomed to the food there.D. P andas bom outside China must come back before 4.13. A. Many US people saw her off at the airport.B. It took her 6 hours to come back home by plane.C. She was accompanied by a diplomat and a doctor.D. A variety of food was prepared on the plane by Chinese zoo.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They speak too carefully.B. They don't like foreigners.C. They use jokes and slang.D. They are poor at communication.15. A. You are as beautiful as a queen. B. No problems.C. You are serious about small matters.D. Don't play dramas.16. A. Imitate their pronunciation.B. Point out their lack of patience.C. Learn to speak internationally.D. Ask them to speak slowly and clearly.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A cell phone that had just been released.B. A cell phone whose price had just dropped.C. A cell phone that many reviews recommended.D. A cell phone that the woman thought had some problems.18. A. He was afraid the product he wanted would be sold out soon.B. He thought that the new technology was worth the full price.C. He predicted that prices of well-designed products would go up.D. He knew products from this company seldom offered a discount.19. A. She picked one model and bought it without hesitation.B. She was always the first one to try out latest models.C. She often consulted product reviews before purchase.D. She compared prices and bought the more expensive one.20. A. Most companies overstate the functions of their products.B. Different people have different values and principles.C. The man admitted that he bought the cell phone too hastily.D. The woman was more experienced in buying expensive products.II .Grammar and V ocabularySection AI was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said：“You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.Section BA.technologyB. contemporaryC. stretchedD. hiddenE.recognizedF. discoveryG. updatedH. extensiveI. countlessJ. estimatedK. definitionkids may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers,“Zealandia” is a new continent that’s ___31___ beneath the ocean.Zealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highest mountains already have their own name：New Zealand.The small country is the only part of Zealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authors want the huge landmass to be ___33___ worldwide as its own continent.“The scientific value of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extraname on a list,”the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started ___34___ research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping ___35___. After completing their work, they were finally able to write a report suggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no official organization that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world school is.Due to their __36__ as a “continuous expanse of land”,some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent -- known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to make things even more confusing, France and Greece, as well as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even ___37___ into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union（IAU）decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years after its ___38___ in 1930. Experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet（矮行星）”，meaning that ___39___ books, models and museum exhibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world take the same notice of Zealandia? The best way to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AGood news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征）.Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,”the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. Bu t it could be the first___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life – the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stoneSection B（A）One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New York City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, seeds, fencing , and so on. However, beca use they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little.A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Excess produce can be sold for a profit at farmers markets.B ut a garden’s benefit don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s crime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those who ___.A. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have t heir own property57. New York City _____.A. is owned by 20,000 individual gardenersB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can make some profits from the visiting tourists.59. The underlined word“oases”is closest in meaning to ____.A. cultural and art centersB. popular platforms for exchangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places（B）African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa –These tips will enhance the experience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1)Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out more than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2)Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns –this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more…3）Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalized. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anything up to 300 people. Show more…4）GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more…5）What’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Show more…6）The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately, safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7）Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, whereroad transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are woth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show more…8）Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 2017D. October 201762. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D. Not all the parks have the same species of animals.（C）A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories（卡路里）to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post - - study food consumption.Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate（乳酸盐）—circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty - - eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate - - school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into thebloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch. Hunter says；the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.63. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB. numerous physical movements or calorie burningC. failure to resist the temptation of delicious foodD. bodily hunger caused by physical growth64. The underlined word“counter”is closest in meaning to _____.A. stimulateB. maximizeC. balanceD. prevent65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Running is more beneficial than walking.B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier.C. The amount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people’s appetite.D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation.66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry.B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.C. Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people’s brain.D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. When something comes from within you ,you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way .B. Psychologists call this private speech ----language that is spoken loud but directed at yourselfC. So words to the self , spoken silently or loud , are so much more than just chatterD. We keep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out=loud version .E. According to he well-known saying , talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts , it makes a larger impact on our brain.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause.________67__________But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ________________68_______________We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as “you” rather than “I”_____________69___________________If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking ._____________70_______-Summary WritingDirections ; Read the following passage . Summarize in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transport goods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches.Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another im portant discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters. TranslationDirections ; Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets. 1，新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
上海市杨浦区高三英语4月质量调研(二模)试题
上海市杨浦区2017届高三英语4月质量调研（二模）试题II .Grammar and VocabularySection AI was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing. The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart.I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better. My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t h elp overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, s he began to cry. And through her tears, she said：“You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know w hat kind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.Most of us learn at primary school that there are seven continents, but the next generation of kids may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers,“Zealandia”is a new continent that’s ___31___ beneath the ocean. Zealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highest mountains already have their own name：New Zealand.The small country is the only part of Zealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authors want the huge landmass to be ___33___ worldwide as its own continent.“The scientific value of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extra name on a list,”the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started ___34___ research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping ___35___. After completing their work, they were finally able to write a report suggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no official organization that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world school is.Due to their __36__ as a “continuous expanse of land”,some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent -- known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to make things even more confusing, France and Greece, as well as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even ___37___ into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union（IAU）decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years after its ___38___ in 1930. Experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet（矮行星）”，meaning that ___39___ books, models and museum exhibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world take the same notice of Zealandia? The best way to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AGood news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征） .Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more. At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same. By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years. It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,”the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging. The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ inpeople tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. But it could be the first ___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life – the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangel y C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stoneSection B（A）One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New York City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, seeds, fencing , and so on. However, because they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little.A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Excess produce can be sold for a profit at farmers markets. But a garden’s benefit don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s crime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those who ___.A. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have their own property57. New York City _____.A. is owned by 20,000 individual gardenersB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can make some profits from the visiting tourists.59. The underlined word“oases”is closest in meaning to ____.A. cultural and art centersB. popular platforms for exchangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places（B）African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa – These tips will enhance the experience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1)Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out m ore than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2)Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns – this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more…3）Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalized. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anything up to 300 people. Show more…4）GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more…5）What’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Show more…6）The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately, safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7）Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, where road transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are woth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show m ore…8）Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 2017D. October 201762. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D. Not all the parks have the same speci es of animals.（C）A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories（卡路里）to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recentlyexperimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post - - study food consumption. Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate（乳酸盐）—circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty - - eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate - - school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two mi nutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch. Hunter says；the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.63. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB. numerous physical movements or calorie burningC. failure to resist the temptation of deli cious foodD. bodily hunger caused by physical growth64. The underlined word“coun ter”is closest in meaning to _____.A. stimulateB. maximizeC. balanceD. prevent65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Running is more beneficial than walking.B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier.C. The amount of blood su gar and lactate can affect people’s appetite.D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation.66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry.B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.C. Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people’s brain.D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . eachsentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. When something comes from within you ,you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way .B. Psychologists call this private speech ----language that is spoken loud but directed at yourselfC. So words to the self , spoken silently or loud , are so much more than just chatterD. We keep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out=loud version .E. According to he well-known saying , talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts , it makes a larger impact on our brain.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause.________67__________But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether ou t loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ________________68_______________We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as “you”rather than “I”_____________69___________________If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity. Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking ._____________70_______-Summary WritingDirections ; Read the following passage . Summarize in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transport goods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches.Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard. Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.TranslationDirections ; Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets.1，新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
上海市杨浦区2017届高考4月模拟质量调研英语试题(含答案)
杨浦区2016学年第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2017.4II .Grammar and VocabularySection AI was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said：“You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.Section BA.technologyB. contemporaryC. stretchedD. hiddenE. recognizedF. discoveryG. updatedH. extensiveI. countlessJ. estimatedK. definitionMost of us learn at primary school that there are seven continents, but the next generation of kids may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers,“Zealandia”is a new continent that’s ___31___ beneath the ocean.Zealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highest mountains already have their own name：New Zealand.The small country is the only part of Zealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authors want the huge landmass to be ___33___ worldwide as its own continent.“The scientific value of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extra name on a list,”the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started ___34___ research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping ___35___. After completing their work, they were finally able to write a reportsuggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no official organization that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world school is.Due to their __36__ as a “continuous expanse of land”,some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent -- known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to make things even more confusing, France and Greece, as well as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even ___37___ into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union（IAU）decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years after its ___38___ in 1930. Experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet（矮行星）”，meaning that ___39___ books, models and museum exhibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world take the same notice of Zealandia? The best way to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AGood news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the Univ ersity of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征）.Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,”the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. But it could be the first ___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life –the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stoneSection B（A）One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New York City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, seeds, fencing , and so on. However, because they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little.A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Excess produce can be s old for a profit at farmers markets. But a garden’s benefit don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s crime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those who ___.A. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have their own property57. New York City _____.A. is owned by 20,000 individual gardenersB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can make some profits from the visiting tourists.59. The underlined word“oases”is closest in meaning to ____.A. cultural and art centersB. popular platforms for exchangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places（B）African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa –These tips will enhance the experience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1)Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out more than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2)Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns – this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more…3）Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalized. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anything up to 300 people. Show more…4）GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more…5）What’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Show more…6）The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately, safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7）Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, where road transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are woth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show more…8）Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 2017D. October 201762. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D. Not all the parks have the same species of animals.（C）A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories（卡路里）to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post - - study food consumption.Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate（乳酸盐）—circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty - - eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate - - school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch. Hunter says；the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.63. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB. numerous physical movements or calorie burningC. failure to resist the temptation of delicious foodD. bodily hunger caused by physical growth64. The underlined word“counter”is closest in meaning to _____.A. stimulateB. maximizeC. balanceD. prevent65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Running is more beneficial than walking.B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier.C. The amount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people’s appetite.D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation.66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry.B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.C. Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people’s brain.D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. When something comes from within you ,you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way .B. Psychologists call this private speech ----language that is spoken loud but directed at yourselfC. So words to the self , spoken silently or loud , are so much more than just chatterD. We keep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out=loud version .E. According to he well-known saying , talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts , it makes a larger impact on our brain.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause.________67__________But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ________________68_______________We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as “you”rather than “I”_____________69___________________If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to ourthinking ._____________70_______-Summary WritingDirections ; Read the following passage . Summarize in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transport goods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches.Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.TranslationDirections ; Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets.1，新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
上海高考英语语法专练-非谓语动词(to_do_)解析版
不定式to do1.Ropes are used(26)____to raise___(raise)the pole into place.（2017届宝山区高考二模）2.Firstly,it will be difficult____27____(impose).(2017届黄浦区高考二模).3.The team’s leader should possess the skills____23____(create)a positive working environment and motivate and inspire the team members to talk a positive approach to work and be committed. (2017届嘉定区高考二模)4.I was lost for adequate words(23)_________(describe)the sick,sinking feeling of seeing my home,business,and belongings going up in flames along with photographs and memories (24)___________(collect)over a lifetime.(2017届闵行区高考二模)5.This belief has not been easy(24)________(realize).(2017届浦东新区高考二模)6.Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part (21)______(blame)for the decline.(2017届普陀区高考二模)7.Xi'an's Famous Foods is about to have its12th location in New York near the Museum of Modern Art.Its original location,established in2005,was the first restaurant(23)_________ (bring)Xi'an cuisine to the US.8.A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs(22)______（become）a doctor.(2017届徐汇区高考二模)9.All left for me(28)_______（say）was：“Oh.Would it be OK to give you a hug?”(2017届杨浦区高考二模)不定式to do1.Ropes are used(26)____to raise___(raise)the pole into place.（2017届宝山区高考二模）分析：不定式表目的2.Firstly,it will be difficult____27____(impose).(2017届黄浦区高考二模)分析：it be+adj+to do3.The team’s leader should possess the skills____23____(create)a positive working environment and motivate and inspire the team members to talk a positive approach to work and be committed. (2017届嘉定区高考二模)分析：不定式表目的4.I was lost for adequate words(23)_________(describe)the sick,sinking feeling of seeing my home,business,and belongings going up in flames along with photographs and memories (24)___________(collect)over a lifetime.(2017届闵行区高考二模)分析：理解句意“我无法用大量的语言去表达这种悲痛的感觉，看着我自己的家，自己从事的职业，还有所有的财产和所有的照片和回忆在熊熊大火中燃烧着。
2017届杨浦高三英语二模
杨浦区2016学年第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2017.4II .Grammar and VocabularySection AI was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.‖Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said：“You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.of kids may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers,“Zealandia”is a new continent that’s ___31___ beneath the ocean.Zealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highest mountains already have their own name：New Zealand.The small country is the only part of Zealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authors want the huge landmass to be ___33___ worldwide as its own continent.“The scientific value of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extra name on a list,”the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started ___34___ research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping ___35___. After completing their work, they were finally able to write a reportsuggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no offic ial organization that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world school is.Due to their __36__ as a “continuous expanse of land”,some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent -- known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to make things even more confusing, France and Greece, as well as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even ___37___ into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union（IAU）decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years after its ___38___ in 1930. Experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet（矮行星）”，meaning that ___39___ books, models and museum exhibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world take the same notice of Zealandia? The best way to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AGood news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their yo unger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征）.Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,”the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. But it could be the first ___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life – the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stoneSection B（A）One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New York City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, seeds, fencing , and so on. However, because they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little.A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Excess produce can be sold for a profit at farmers markets. But a garden’s benefit don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s c rime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those who ___.A. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have their own property57. New York City _____.A. is owned by 20,000 individual gardenersB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can make some profits from the visiting tourists.59. The underlined word“oases”is closest in meaning to ____.A. cultural and art centersB. popular platforms for exchangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places（B）African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa – These tips will enhance the experience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1)Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out more than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2)Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns –this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more…3）Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalized. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anything up to 300 people. Show more…4）GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more…5）What’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Show more…6）The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately, safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7）Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, where road transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are woth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show more…8）Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 2017D. October 201762. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D. Not all the parks have the same species of animals.（C）A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories（卡路里）to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post - - study food consumption.Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate（乳酸盐）—circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty - - eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate - - school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch. Hunter says；the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.63. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB. numerous physical movements or calorie burningC. failure to resist the temptation of delicious foodD. bodily hunger caused by physical growth64. The underlined word“counter”is closest in meaning to _____.A. stimulateB. maximizeC. balanceD. prevent65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Running is more beneficial than walking.B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier.C. The a mount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people’s appetite.D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation.66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry.B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.C. Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people’s brain.D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. When something comes from within you ,you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way .B. Psychologists call this private speech ----language that is spoken loud but directed at yourselfC. So words to the self , spoken silently or loud , are so much more than just chatterD. We keep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out=loud version .E. According to he well-known saying , talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts , it makes a larger impact on our brain.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause.________67__________But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ________________68_______________We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as ―you‖ rather than ―I‖_____________69___________________If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and mightturn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking ._____________70_______-Summary WritingDirections ; Read the following passage . Summarize in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transport goods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches. Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.TranslationDirections ; Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets.1，新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
2017届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--六选四--老师版（带答案已校对）
Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Tutorial System of Oxford UniversityIn the University of Oxford, teaching is conducted primarily through the tutorial system. It is one of the most unique and well-known methods of teaching across the world.The weekly tutorial consists of a one-hour meeting between the tutor and small numbers of students (usually two to four). During this time, an essay prepared specifically for that tutorial is read by students and commented upon by the tutor. At the end of the tutorial, the tutor will assign the topic of study for the coming week and suggest readings. 67Meanwhile, they are also complemented by departmental lectures which are conducted on a university wide basis, lab work, and seminars (研讨会) often with groups of perhaps 10 students.Tutorials have gained their reputation because of the close relationship they maintain between the tutor and the student. The tutorial system provides undergraduates with direct and in most cases weekly contact with tutors in their academic fields.68.Before the weekly tutorial, students are required to prepare an essay or other works, which they read or present to the tutor. During each tutorial, students are expected to communicate, debate, analyze and critique the ideas of others as well as their own in conversations with the professor and fellow-students. The tutorial system has great value that it creates learning andassessment opportunities which are highly authentic(可靠的) and difficult to fake, as the student’s work is discus sed on the spot.69The contrast between tutorials and large lectures common in the American universities is obvious. In the typical American university, students are taught by the same specialists, in the same manner, and held to the same standards.However, during tutorials, students have the opportunity to explore their own ideas directly with experts in particular subjects. 70As a result, students must engage in extensive independent reading and research, using the resources available, under the guidance of the tutor.Keys: 67-70 BFACSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a tricky speech ahead of time, you’ll have felt the social restriction against communicating with yourself in words. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.67 Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought. Far from being a sign of foolishness, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a narrative of our experience.Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voic e to her frustrations. __68 We do a lot of it when we are young – perhaps one reason for our shyness about continuing with it as adults.As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. __69__.Psychological experiments have shown that the distancing effect of our words can give us a valuable perspective on our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person: as ―you‖ rather than ―I‖.We internalize the private speech we use as children –but we never entirely put away the out-loud version. 70 You’re sure to see an athlete or two getting themselves ready for a sharp phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot.Both kinds of self-talk seem to bring a range of benefits to our thinking. Those words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than lazy talk.Keys:67-70 AFCBSectionCDirections:Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.Charity—Humanity’s most kind and generous desire—is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthropy（慈善行为）as we understand it today, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it. From colonial leaders to modern billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA.___67_____ Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality（节俭）even in his own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. When he died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 Ib. of sterling silver—one to the city of Boston, the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.While Franklin’s gifts lay in wait, the tradition he established evolved alongside the young nation.___68_____ Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role in philanthropy’s evolution. One of my personal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generation of African-American students.____69____ The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the rich people to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary. Just before his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote, ―Philanthropy is praise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the cir cumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.‖Franklin’s gifts represent a broader principle. We are guardians of a public trust, even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people. ___70_____ America’s greatest strength isnot the fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting.Keys:67-70 FEABSection CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Exoplanets：The Hunt Is OnToday scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar system. The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed. ___67___ Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake.___68___ However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first E arth-sized planet in a ―habitable‖zone. This is the distance form a star where surface temperatures of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientists have confirmed over 3,500 exoplanets, with more being added every day.To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground-based telescopes, earth-circling and sun-circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly. ___69___ For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit（凌日）method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets this way.As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. ___70___ Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity（径向速度）method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets.These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find!Keys:67-70EBACSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.My wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right now iskeeping us awake 24/7. But one day, he’ll n eed to learn something about finance. When he does, here are some suggestions.1. You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. But you don’t.______67______ You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especially from the people you want to respect and admire you.2. The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But most spending that results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, only to drag you down for years to come, limiting your options and keeping you weighed down by the baggage of your past.3. I hope you’re poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. But there’s no way to learn the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you the difference between necessary and desirable. _____68_____ These are essential survival skills.4. If you’re like most people, you’ll spend most of your adult life thinking, ―Once I’ve saved/earned $X, everything will be great.‖ Then you’ll hit $X, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It’s a miserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.5. Don’t stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no one knows what he or she wants to do at that age. Many people don’t know what they want until they’re twice that age. (These are the signs you’re in the wrong career.)6. The best thing money buys is to control over your time. _____69_______ One day you’ll realize that this freedom is one of the things that makes you truly happy.7. Change your mind when you need to. I’ve noticed a tendency for people to think they’ve mastered investing when they’re young. They start investing at age 18 and t hink they have it all figured out by age 19. They never do.8. Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are from families that are against it. Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into war and poverty. I want you to be successful, and I want you to earn it. But realize that not all success is due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.9. Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with how much you spend. I know a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge of ruin. I know another person who never earned more than $50,000 and saved a fortune. The difference is entirely due to their spending. ______70_______.10. Don’t listen to me if you disagree with what I’ve written. The world you grow up in will have different values and opportunities than the one I did. More important, you’ll learn best when you disagree with someone and then are forced to learn it yourself. (On the other hand, always listen to your mother.)Keys:67-70FACDSection CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new one immediately. 67 If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects today:Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. 68 Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets.Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. Allbusinesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue(收益). Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack. You can follow their examples in your own workplace.69Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details.Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success is measured in other roles, departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. 70 People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can.As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.Keys: 67-70 FDABSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.An 18-year-girl Kayla Perkins explains what is in her bedroom, ―I throw something on the floor and I know right where it is.‖ However, her parents, Steve and Deborah Perkins, of Mckinney, Texas, haven’t caught on. Even Kayla admits that, at the worst, her room is a mess.Most families at some point have at least one child whose room looks like a landfill.67Dirty clothes pile up; dirty dishes get lost in the mess and smell bad; homework is lost; and valuable things are ruined.Some parents let it go, believing that a bedroom is private space for children to manage as they wish. Others lecture their children, offer rewards for cleaning, or punish them when they don’t. ___ 68____Mrs. Perkins says they picked up all the clothes on Kayla’s floor and hid them. They cleaned everything up. When Kayla came back to a bare bedroom, there was screaming and shouting, ―How can I live without my clothes?‖ Mrs. Perkins asked Kayla to earn her clothes back by doing housework. These days, she keeps her room clean.69 For example, since Jessica, the 14-year-old daughter wasn’t bothered by the dirty clothes all over her floor, the whole family started using her room as a place to store dirty clothes. Her attitude changed after her family did that. By the time she gave in and cleaned up her room a few days later, even she was laughing.70 Children often behave better if you treat them in the way you would want to be treated by your boss at work—with respect and high expectations.Keys: 67-70 BFDESection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The explosion of new media, ranging from the internet to digital television, means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public’s attention in the future.______67______ No longer will all members be watching the same programme: some will be watching different channels on their own TVs, surfing the net or doing both at the same time. The advertising industry will have to work ―harder and smarter‖ to cut through the ―mess‖ of the future with a wide range of new media, all competing to catch the consumers’ eyes.People have become more individual in their consumption of advertising. New technology has made experimenting with new forms of advertising possible. The monologue where the advertisement tells housewives that this is the washing powder they should buy is just a cliché (陈词滥调) now. ______68______ There is, consequently, little hope of them surviving for more than another twenty years. A much closer relationship with the consumer is gradually being created.The definition of what constitutes advertising will expand well beyond the conventional mass media. Shopping environments will themselves become a part of the advertising process. Increasingly, they will exist not simply to sell goods, but also to entertain people and to make sure that they enjoy their time there. The aim will be to ―warm‖ people towards these places so that they will return to purchase goods there again.In spite of these and other changes, it is highly unlikely that TV, print and radio will disappear altogether as advertising media. ______69______ But other marketing strategies, such as public relations and direct marketing, will become as important as advertising. Advertising agencies will have to reinvent themselves. They will no longer be able simply to produce advertisements and then support these through PR, direct marketing or the internet. Instead, they will have to change the whole way they look at communication and start thinking about ideaswhich are not specific to one discipline.______70______ Originality of thinking has always been in short supply. It will continue to be so in the future. But there will be increasing coston the advertiser’s ability to be imaginative and to think laterally about engaging the consumer in a broader variety of media.Keys: 67-70FCEASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A School That Can Educate Us AllChristos Porios, 16, lives in a small Greek city. ―My mother’s a teacher and my father’s a mechanic,‖ he explains, adding that neither is knowledgeable about computers —especially compared with him. 67.Porios was taking a free class in machine learning offered by Andrew Ng, a professor at Stanford University, over an online platform Ng developed with his colleagues. Drawing on what he learned, Porios was able to participate in the International Space Apps Challenge, a virtual hackathon (编程马拉松) using data from NASA and other government agencies.If one teenager in one small city can become a genius hacker through an online course, does it mean the world has changed? We have been hearing about the potential of online education fordecades.68. A number of online education platforms have appeared, featuring professors from top universities offering free courses.69. Ng was amazed. ―It would take me 250 years to teach this many people at Stanford,‖ he says. And so, just one month into the course, Ng and his Stanford colleague, Daphne Koller, decided to leave their faculty posts (教职) and dive into online teaching full-time. In April, they launched their company, Coursera, with a $16 million round of venture funding. So far, it has managed to team up with 35 colleges in nine countries.To Ng and Koller, Coursera’s mission is simple and yet grand. That is to teach millions of people around the world for free, while also transforming higher education.According to Ng, the world’s top 20 universities en roll only about 200,000 students. There are million more who could participate in classwork at the higher level, but most of them are far from any of the leading universities. 70 .Koller says Coursera’s total registration has hit 15 million. Porios, the young Greek, is only one of those registrants. His hope is to study in Germany or England someday. He is even toying with the idea of taking classes at MIT or Stanford — but this time in person.Keys:67-70 CAFESection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.―Any apple today ?‖, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just then .67 .All pretense （借口）of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.____68______Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someone poorer .Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .‖ Here , darling , ― I said , ― is what I owe you ,‖ _____69_______‖ Give it back as I gave it to you -----a little at a time.‖ ― I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen .____70_______At that time , it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled . So the account can never be marked closed , for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her .Keys:67-70 EAFCSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause._____67____.But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether ou t loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. _____68_______We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as ―you‖ rather than―I‖._________69______If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just likea regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking .______70_______.Keys: 67-70EBDCSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.To Please Your Friends, Tell Them What They Already Knew The research emeraged out of some real-life observations shared by Gilbert and co-authors Gus Cooney and Timothy D. Wilson：―Conversation is the most common of all human social activities, and doing it well requires that we know what our conversation partners most want to hear.___67___‖says psychological scientist Daniel T, Gilbert of Harvard University.―When our friends try to tell us about movies we’ve never seen or albums we’ve never heard, we usually find ourselves bored, confus ed, and underwhelmed. ___68___. And yet, as soon as it’sour turn to speak, we do exactly the same thing to our friends –with exactly the same consequences. We wanted to understand why this happens.‖Gilbert explains. The researchers decided to do this by conducting a series of experiments.In their first experiment, the researchers assigned participants to groups of three, with one person acting as the speaker and the other two acting as listeners. Speakers watched a video and then tried do describe it to the listeners. Some of the listeners had seen the video the speaker was describing, and others had not.___69___. When the speakers were done speaking, the listeners rated them on these aspects. The results showed that speakers’ predictions were exactly b ackwards. Speakers expected listeners to respond more positively to their stories when the listeners had not seen the video they were describing ___70___. Although speakers expected listeners to enjoy hearing about a novel experience more than a familiar one, it was actually the other way around.A second study showed that when asked to predict their own reactions before hearing the story, listeners made the same mistake that speakers did.Keys: 67--70 DEAF。
上海市各区2017届高三英语二模汇编：阅读理解B篇(带答案精准校对)
One【2017届上海市虹口区高三英语二模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Innovation for Everyone – Career Skills for LifeInvitation to Alumni(校友) Networking Event Organized by University of Warwick and British CouncilWe are delighted to invite you to an alumni networking event on Tuesday 14 March, 7-9 pm at the Le Royal Méridien Hotel, Shanghai. The event is organized by the University of Warwick and the British Council and is open to all alumni.Come and join us for refreshments, followed by four short presentations on the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship(创业) skills in your career and the launch of new career initiatives for students and alumni, before spending time networking with friends and other UK alumni over a buffet dinner.The place for this event is the Le Royal Méridien Hotel, No.789 Nanjing East Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai. The Le Royal Méridien Hotel is located in People's Square in Shanghai and is easily accessed by subway, bus or taxi.DATE AND TIMETue 14 March 201719:00 – 21:00 CSTLOCATIONLe Royal Méridien HotelNo.789 Nanjing East RoadHuangpu DistrictShanghaiPROGRAMMEFree but up to 80 tickets, please register via READ MORE.60. The main purpose of holding this alumni networking event is ________.A. to invite the alumni for refreshmentsB. to spend time networking with the alumniC. to help the alumni to launch new career initiativesD. to share the experience of innovation and career skills for life61. The people attending the event are most probably those ________.A. UK-educated Chinese AlumniB. only from University of WarwickC. UK-educated Alumni and their friendsD. UK-educated Chinese Alumni and from the SJTU62. What do the four short presentations mainly talk about?A. How to improve the employability of the alumni.B. How to help the alumni find and improve employment.C. How to enhance the employability in career development.D. How to make career planning and train the alumni’s innovation skills. Keys: 60-62: DCBTwo【2017届上海市黄浦区高三英语二模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(B)Virtual realityProbably the most exciting tech development of recent times,virtual reality (VR) has arrived, with sufficient options available to theconsumer who’s searching for an extra amount of high-tech fun. Thecheapest way to get a high-end VR experience comes courtesy ofSony. Its PlayStation VR doesn’t require a tricked-out PC orexpensive phone – it works with the Playstation 4 control board and comes with a few great games in its library. There is some equipment you can purchase to enhance the experience, but if you’ve already got a PS4 you can enter the world of VR for just $400. Other high-end offerings like the HTC Vive and Oculus Rift, as well as mobile options like Samsung’s Gear VR, will get your head in the game.Wireless headphonesCombining ease of use with the ability to move wild around your home,gym or workplace, wireless headphones just make sense. And there are plentyof practical options to suit any budget. The Bose QuietComfort 35 wirelessheadphones are definitely worth a test drive, though. The full-size, around-earBluetooth headphones highlight active noise cancellation and double as a headset for making phone calls. They’ve even earned the Editor’s Choice award at Cnet com and can be purchased for less than $400 online.Digital camerasWhile your phone is a worthy assistant, there’s no substitute for a real camera when it comes to taking the perfect picture. And these days youcan get quality specifications in a package that’s almost as small as yoursmartphone. The shiny design of the Fujifilm X70, $699, makes it the perfect companion, or you could go retro with the Olympus PEN-F ($1,200) that offers old school looks alongside cutting edge technology. Domestically, it’s worth checking out Xiaomi’s mirrorless Yi M1 for a more affordable option. With a high-end 20-megapixel（兆像素）sensor and the ability to host multiple lenses, it’s available from just 2,199 yuan.60. Sony can provide high-tech fun at the lowest cost because __________.A. players can play free games onlineB. PS4 owners don’t need any other deviceC. it gives players adequate experienceD. players have purchased expensive PCs61. What is Bose QuietComfort 35 wireless headphones’ selling point promoted i n the passage?A. They have various types to meet users’ needs.B. Users can reduce noise manually.C. They work better in the wild.D. Users can make phone calls with the headphones.62. If your friend, who favors everything in the styles of the past, plans to make perfect pictureswith a new device, you will most probably recommend __________.A. A smart phone.B. Fujifilm X70.C. Olympus PEN-F.D. Yi M1. Keys: 60-62 BDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Self-driving CapabilitiesSensor and camera-equipped models from Audi and Volkswagen, among others, don’t just automatically brake to prevent minor accidents; they can actually navigate（行驶）around highway traffic and into garages without a human at the wheel. Attractive DashboardsIn addition to Ford’s new Sync system, which better understands voice commands, Apple and Google have partnered with automakers to create interfaces （界面）as user-friendly as the ones on your smartphone.Smarter HeadlightsAudi’s and BMW’s ultra-bright laser headlights can detect oncoming cars and dim slightly to avoid disturbing their drivers. One problem: they’re not yet legal in the U.S. Self-parking SkillsThe new model of BMW’s all-electric can find its own spot in a parking lot, then send signals via a smart-watch app to contact its drivers.60. In terms of Self-driving Capabilities, what makes Audi and Volkswagen stand out?A. Braking when sensing red lightsB. Going into garages without a driverC. Stopping other cars on highwayD. Taking photos with a camera61. Which of the cars can adjust the headlights in order not to upset drivers in oncoming cars?A. Ford and VolkswagenB. Audi and BMWC. Audi and VolkswagenD. BMW and Ford62. In which section of a car magazine does the article most probably appear?A. First DriveB. Cars For RentC. Instrumental TestsD. Smart Tech Keys: 60—62 B B DSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.（B）Welcome to the LUSH Life!Out values are at the core of everything we do. From morally sourcing each ingredient and piece of packing to creating fresh, innovative cosmetics by hand, you’ll find a world of love and care in every product. Breathe deeply and soak up everything inside this box：we’ve made it justsave millions of plastic bottles from being produced, transported and disposed of every year. Any packaging we do use is recycled or recyclable. environment. To learn more about the charities we support and how to apply for funding, visit lush/charitypot.60. From the leaflet, we can get to know all the following facts about LUSH except ________.A. providing financial support to societyB. taking the lead in cosmetics marketingC. testing on humans instead of on animalsD. crafting and packing their products by hand61. In the section Naked!, LUSH claims that they _______.A. advocate recyclable or even no packagingB. sell cosmetics without any wrapping paperC. have invented some recyclable cosmeticsD. have improved ways of transporting products62. What is LUSH’s business philosophy we can find from the leaflet?A. The market image of a company should make way for its beliefs.B. Cosmetics are among the essentials of our lives in modern society.C. Homegrown vegetables and fruit are natural and reliable sources of cosmetics.D. Social responsibilities of a company can go hand in hand with profit making.Keys: 60-62 BADFive【2017届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)The idea of using radio or wireless to broadcast to audiences was formed in 1916 by a president of the American Marconi Company, David Sarnoff. Hissuperiors were doubtful about his idea to “make radio a household cause, so thatby purch ase of a ‘radio music box’, the audience could enjoy lectures, music performance, etc.”Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp, attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts. A local music store had provided records to play on the Victoria, and Conrad and his family served as disc jockeys(唱片音乐播音员). Westinghouse vice president Harry Davis asked Conrad to build a more powerful transmitter(发射台)in time to announce the outcome of the next US presidential election. Conrad completed his assignment, and on November 2, 1920, station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, broadcast the announcement that Warren G. Harding had been elected president. About 1000 people heard this first news broadcast.Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers, and because crystal sets were easy to build and inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years. To stimulate the sale of radio sets, equipment manufactures provided transmitting facilities. Singers, comedians, and entire orchestras volunteered their services for publicity. The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as a public service. In August 1922 the first commercial radio advertisement was broadcast on WEAF (now WNBC) in New York City. In 1926, when about 5 million homes had radios, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), in cooperation with the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, established the first commercial radio network. In the 1920s radio was established as a new mass medium hada practicable industry, and it became a national forum(论坛)for news and popular culture.59. The passage is mainly concerned with _______.A. the contribution of radio to popular cultureB. the invention and uses of radioC. early radio programs for a mass audienceD. the history of radio broadcasting60. Who started broadcasting radio programs to mass audience?A. Frank ConradB. David SarnoffC. Harry DavisD. Warren Harding61. After 1920, radio expanded rapidly because _______.A. people could easily get it in storesB. it was cheaper than newspapersC. it had advantages over newspapersD. people were interested in anything new62. By saying that “the eventual financial basis of the new industry was still unclear”, the author means that _______.A. the private foundations were unwilling to support the stationsB. the stations were not sure yet where to get the operational moneyC. advertising and commercial programs could not raise enough moneyD. the listeners would not pay for the broadcasting stationsKEYS: 59-62 DACBSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)60. The Fox News review mentioned the first party scene in the film to ________.A. reveal the fact that Nick wants to know more about GatsbyB. show the version of Rhapsody in Blue matches the film wellC. prove that the director is good at combining visual and musicD. convince us that the first scene is perfectly shot by the director61. According to Time Magazine, what did Baz Luhrmann do to make the film a success?A. He adapted the story in the novel as he wished.B. He made the film more powerful than the book.C. He mixed his style with the elegance of the book.D. He changed the story to meet his own style.62. Which of the following can be used to describe Gatsby?A. Faithful and warm-hearted.B. Charming and professional.C. Selfish and charming.D. Mysterious and devoted.KEYS: 60-62 CCDDSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（B）Where to DrinkCafe San BernardoJoin table-tennis and pool-playing port. Cafe San Bernardo has been running since 1912.The Villa Crespo dive bar also offers up table football for￡4 an hour. Service is efficient; with last orders at 5 am. The daily happy hour between 6 pm and 9 pm includes 60 minutes playing your game of choice, plus a half-bottle of red wine and a corn pie, for￡9.●Avenue Corrientes 5436, Villa Crespo, 5411 4855 3956, cafesanbernardo. ComM Salumeria & EnotecaTrading only in wine with a story, sommelier (侍酒师）Mariana Torta chooses new ways on a daily basis, and keeps a list of around 250 labels. There's no wine menu—simply take your bottle from the shelf.●Open 11:00am-11:30pm, El Salvador 5777, Palermo Hollywood, 5411 4778 9016, on Facebook Negro Cueva de CafeCoffee has found its place in Buenos Aires. While LAB: Tostadores, The Shelter and Coffee Town are famous new places, Negro Cueva de Cafe is one of the best downtown. It serves Ecuadorian, Colombian and Brazilian beans and its attracting cakes include croissant.●Open 9:30 am—7:00 pm, Suipacha 637, Microcentro, 5411 4322 3000, negrocuevade-cafe. com La CalleHead to the Niceto Vega address and you'II be faced with a pizza. Don't worry, it’s the right place. La Guitarrita is the front to “hidden” bar La Calle. Order the house cocktail, special candy, and prepare to sing until dawn with a high-energy young crowd.●Open 8:00 pm—2:00 am, Niceto Vega 4942, Palermo Soho, 5411 3914 1972, on Facebook60. Which number should you call if you are an addict of Columbian coffee flavour?A. 5411 4855 3956.B. 5411 4778 9016.C. 5411 4322 3000.D. 5411 3914 1972.61. What makes La Calle different?A. Its allowing you to play games.B. Its having no wine menu.C. Its opening for the longest time.D. Its having special candy.62. The author's purpose in writing the passage is .A. to show wine cultureB. to introduce some wine barsC. to help people choose drinksD. to show how to enjoy yourselfKEYS: 60-62 CDBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( B )FIRE-FIGHTINGHow to fight a fireAnyone who uses fire-extinguishers should know a few basic facts about how to make them work. This leaflet will tell you the most important things to remember if you have to put a fire out. Water extinguishersYou can put most fires out with water extinguishers. However, you should not use water extinguishers if the fire involves electrical equipment or if it has been started by flammable (易燃的) liquids such as petrol.As in all fires, make sure that the wind is behind you — if you do this, the smoke will blow away from you. Point the jet of water at the bottom of the fire and move it slowly higher.Remember that you should only use extinguishers for small fires. If there is any danger of the fire spreading to anything that can explode, you should not try to put the fire out yourself. Instead, leave the building immediately, and call the fire brigade.Foam (泡沫) extinguishersYou can use a foam extinguisher for fire caused by burning liquids such as petrol. Never point the Jet directly into the liquid itself, as this may make it splash and spread the fire. Instead, try and point the extinguisher up into the air so that the foam goes up and falls on top of the burning liquid.Whatever the kind of fire, do not stand up straight — if you can stay down, this will help you to avoid the smoke, and you may be able to get closer to the fire. Get out of the building at once if you think your escape route might be cut off by smoke or fire.Carbon Dioxide(CO2) extinguishersSome fire extinguishers are filled with a gas called carbon dioxide. You can use these to put out fires which have been caused either by electrical equipment or flammable liquids. If the fire has been caused by electrical equipment, switch the equipment off and point the extinguisher straight at the fire. If the fire has been caused by a liquid like petrol, point the extinguisher at the nearest edge of the fire, and move it from side to side.Remember, never stay in a building if it is dangerous to do so, or if the fire grows beyond your control. Make sure you are standing near an exit in case this happens.60. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. You cannot put all fires out with water extinguishers.B. In case of fire, stay down to protect yourself from the smoke.C. If the fire might cause any further explosion, ask for professional help.D.Foam extinguishers are for fires caused by electrical equipment.61. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Inappropriate use of fire extinguishers might make things worse.B. You should stay in the building if your escape route is cut off.C. Standing close to an exit will absolutely guarantee your safety in a fire.D. Fire fighting is a complicated job that can only be done by fire brigades.62. Who is the potential target reader of this passage?A. Fire fighters.B. The general public.C. College professors.D. Young children.Keys: 60-62 DABNine【2017届上海市崇明区高三英语二模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（B）5 reasons to subscribe▪Access ourentiredatabase ofover 9,000high-qualityresources.▪Find newmaterialsadded everyweek.▪Benefit from awide range ofresources,whether youteachBusinessEnglish,YoungLearners,Exams orCLIL.▪Save time:organizeresources and NEW USERSRegister with onestopenglish today for a free 30-day subscriptiongiving you full access to all teaching resources on the site.Subscribing to onestopenglish only takes a few moments and is great value at£42 for a year’s individual membership. Individual subscriptions can also bebought in Euros (€53) and US Dollars ($68).Want to know more?◆Subscribe nowYou can order an institutional subscription in a few easy steps:start by using our calculator to see how much you could save.When you’ve found the perfect package, just click on ‘Completeyour order’ and enter your details to order the subscription. Ifyou'd like to know more, you can find out all about our content◆Choose your package◆Subscribe now60. The above website is mainly designed for _____.A. childrenB. teenagersC. teachersD. businessmen61. It can be inferred that the website is most probably initiated in _____.A. AmericaB. BritainC. AustraliaD. Canada62. Which of the following is true according to the website?A. The website is composed of twelve main sections.B. Individuals and institutions pay the same price for a subscription.C. We can access the website by various means except on Facebook.D. Resources can be gained free for about one month after registration.Keys: 60-62 . CBDTen【2017届上海市普陀区高三英语二模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)16-25 Railcard16-25 Railcard (The Young Person’s Railcard) entitlesthe holder to up to 1/3 off most rail fares across Britain.Justimagine where it could take you …to festivals, to see distantfriends or to London for a weekend break.Who can apply?Absolutely anybody between 16 and 25can apply. You will need to provide proof that you are under 26 years of age. For this, only your birth certificate, driving licence,passport or medical card will be acceptable. Alternatively, if you are a mature student over this age but in full-time education, you can also apply. In order to prove your eligibility (适用性)，you will need to get your head teacher,tutor, or head of department to sign the application form as well as one of yourphotos, the latter also needing to be officially stamped. "Full time education" is defined as over 15 hours per week for at least 20 weeks a year.Then go along to any major railway station, rail-appointed travel agent or authorized student travel office with your completed application form from this leaflet, together with £28, two passport-sized photos and proof of eligibility.Using your rail cardYou can use it at any time-weekends. Bank Holidays or during the week. But if you travel before 10 am Monday to Friday (except during July and August) minimum fares will apply. For full details of these, please ask at your local station or contact a rail-appointed travel agent.ConditionsIn cases where a railcard does not bear the user’s signature, it will be treated as invalid. Neither your railcard nor any tickets bought with it may be used by anybody else. Unless there are no purchase facilities available at the station where you began your journey, you will be required to pay the full fare if you are unable to produce a valid ticket for inspection during a journey.Reduced rate tickets are not available for first-class travel or for Eurostar links to France and Belgium.Passengers will be charged the full rate if they want to use these services.60. If you are a 22-year-old nurse , you can apply for the railcard without ________.A. the signature of your director B $ 28C. application formD. passport-sized photos61. The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travel at _______.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March62. Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn’t have your name signed , it will be used by someone else.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train , you will still be eligible for a discountedticket.D. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network , they must pay the full fare.Keys: 60-62 A B DSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（B）African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa –These tips will enhance the experience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1) Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out more than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2) Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns –this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more…3）Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalized. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anything up to 300 people. Show more…4）GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more…5）What’s the Best Time of Year to go on Safar iUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Showmore…6）The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunatel y, safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7）Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, where road transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are worth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show more…8）Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 2017D. October 201762. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D. Not all the parks have the same species of animals.Keys: 60--62: DCA。
2017年上海市杨浦区中考英语二模试卷.docx
杨浦区2017年初三年级学业质量调研英语学科试卷 2017年4月（满分150分，考试时间：100分钟）考生注意：本卷有7大题，共94小题。
试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完 成，做在试卷上不给分。
Part 1 Listening （第一部分 听力）B> Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和 问题，选出最恰当的答案)(8分)14. A) The woman will get her laptop repaired. C) The woman will buy a desktop computer. D) The woman will buy a battery for her laptop.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列 句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F"表示)(6分)7・ A) Tomatoes ・8. A) Rainy.9. A) 9:00 a.m.10. A) By bus.11. A) At the library.C) At the hospital.12. A) Favourite sports. B) Potatoes. B) Snowy. B) 10:00 a.m. B) By car. B) Ways to relax. C) Eggs. C) Cloudy. C) 11:00 a.m. C) By underground ・ B) At the airport. D) At the restaurant. C) Weekend plans. D) Chicken. D) Sunny. D) 12:00 a.m. D) By running. D) Future jobs.13. A) Go to Maria's party. C) Eat out with Maria.B) Attend a meeting. D) Take Maria to London. B) The woman will buy a new laptop.I. Listening Comprehension （听力理解）（共 30 分）A. Listen and choose the right picture （根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6分）A B C DG H5. __________6. __________15. Nancy was very excited because she got her driver's license.16. Nancy and Abby's mom was nervous about her daughters 9 driving to the store.17. The road near Nancy's house was blocked and a police car came to help ・18. The policeman told Abby to stay in the car and show him the driver's license ・19. Nancy and Abby fbllovvcd all the traffic signs on their way to the store.20. Actually Abby was a danger on the road ・D. Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentences （听对话，完成下列内容，每空格限填 一词）（10分）21. David grew up in an _____________________ of Hong Kong ・22. David's mum used to take him and his brother to the _______________________ at the weekend.23. Walking to school with mum and brother was a ______________________ for David.24. Davidas father drove a tram on Hong Kong Island for _____________________ .25. David's father never _____________________ being bored ・（第二部分语音、词汇和语法）26. Which of the following words is pronounced /tru:（）/?A. chooseB. chose C ・ truth D. trousers 27. Marco Polo travelled through Asia ______ the end of the 13,b century. A. inB. byC. onD. at 2& Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others? A. Relax and take a deep breath<B. Demand for water will increase.C. Heat the milk on the oven.D ・ He's a bright kid and eager to learn ・ 29. Do American students have a lot of _____ to do? A. testB. survey C ・ homework D. project 30. Can you suggest some places where I can make ______ one-day trip from Shanghai? A. aB. anC. theD. / 31 ・ The day I got my first job was ____ day of my lifb. A. happyB. happier C ・ happiest D. the happiest 32. We went around town putting _____ posters for the charity show. A. upB. onC. offD. out 33. The music sounds _____ ・ YouM better turn the radio off. A. wellB. loudlyC. terribleD. gently 34. Some young people like travelling by package tour, ______ like travelling alone. A. otherB. othersC. anotherD. the other 35. The detective interviewed Jill and Jenny. They both denied A. stealB. stealingC. to steal 36. Neither my father nor I ______ g oing to the baseball game ・ A. beB. amC. is 37. The light suddenly went out and I could see ______ ・ A. somethingE. anything C ・ nothing D ・ everything 3& All passengers _____ exit at the next stop. The train will not continue.A. must B ・ should C ・ can D. may the car. D. to stealing D. are39.Since Jan 1, 2016, married couples _____ to have two children.A. have allowedB. have been allowed C・ allowed D・ were allowed40.The man couldn^t move at all ______ h is partner came to save him.A. althoughB. unless C・ because D. until41.A teenage girl was robbed at gunpoint while she ______ for a train.A. waitsB. is waiting C・ waited D. was waiting42.Don" forget _____ off the lights and air conditioner when you leave・A. turnB. to turn C・ turning D. to turning43.—____ do you go to the nursing home?一-Twice a week. We clean their rooms and do some shopping for them.A. WhenB. HowC. How oftenD. How soon44.■一Would you like me to show you how to operate the video camera?■A. You're so sweet.B. Yes, Td like to.C. No problem.D. Not at all.45.-一I know what we can do to raise money・ We can have a car wash・―____ I like it a lot.A. I，m afraid not.B. Lucky you. C・ What a pain! D. What a great idea!IILComplete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once （将下列单词或词组填入空格。
上海杨浦区2016-2020年五年高考二模英语试题汇编 写作专题 含答案
上海杨浦区2016-2020年五年高考二模英语试题汇编-写作专题上上上上上上2020上上上上上上上上上VI. Guided Writing56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学学生张华，你的朋友李明来信。
在信中他提到他母亲不论在旅游时还是在生活中，总是未经许可就把他的照片发到微信朋友圈（WeChat Moments),这让他十分烦恼。
请你写一封回信，给李明提一些具体的建议并说明理由。
【答案】Dear Li Ming，Thank you for your email and I think you should not worry about this matter too much. You mentioned that your mother would post your photos on WeChat Moments without your permission. However, you did not tell me what exactly annoys you.In my opinion, whatever the reason is, you should try to communicate with your mother. Tell her about your feelings and you should be able to work this out together. For example, if you feel insecure about having your pictures shared, you can kindly ask her to post those photos after speaking to you. As teenagers, it is normal to feel upset when your parents are doing something you do not like. The key to the issue is always communication.That's all. Please let me know if you have further questions. Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Zhang Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封回信，就李明的烦恼，给李明提一些具体的建议并说明理由。
杨浦区高考二模英语试卷
一、听力部分（一）Section A：短对话1. A: Excuse me, where can I find the nearest subway station? B: It's just around the corner. You can't miss it. Question: What is the man looking for?A. A subway stationB. A taxiC. A restaurantD. A hotel答案：A2. A: Have you finished your homework yet?B: Not yet. I'm still working on it.Question: What does the girl mean?A. She has finished her homework.B. She hasn't finished her homework yet.C. She doesn't have any homework.D. She doesn't know how to do her homework.答案：B（二）Section B：长对话对话内容：一位游客在询问如何到达博物馆。
3. What is the man's purpose for asking the woman?A. To find a restaurantB. To get directions to the museumC. To find a hotelD. To find a subway station答案：B4. How far is the museum from the woman's house?A. 1 kilometerB. 2 kilometersC. 3 kilometersD. 4 kilometers答案：A（三）Section C：短文理解短文内容：关于环保的讲座。
2017上海市杨浦高三二模英语试卷
杨浦区2016学年第二学期高三英语学科试卷2017.4II .Grammar and VocabularySection AI was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.‖Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the wo man read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said：“You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers,“Zealandia”is a new continent that’s ___31___ beneath the ocean.Zealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highest mountains already have their own name：New Zealand.The small country is the only part of Zealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authorswant the huge landmass to be ___33___ worldwide as its own continent.“The scientific value of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extra name on a list,”the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started ___34___ research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping ___35___. After completing their work, they were finally able to write a report suggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no official organization that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world school is.Due to their __36__ as a “continuous expanse of land”,some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent -- known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to make things even more confusing, France and Greece, as well as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even ___37___ into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union（IAU）decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years after its ___38___ in 1930. Experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet（矮行星）”，meaning that ___39___ books, models and museum exhibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world take the same notice of Zealandia? The best way to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AGood news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征）.Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,”the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. But it could be the first ___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life – the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stoneSection B（A）One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New York City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, see ds, fencing , and so on. However, because they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little.A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Excess produce can be s old for a profit at farmers markets. But a garden’s benefit don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s crime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those who ___.A. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have their own property57. New York City _____.A. is owned by 20,000 individual gardenersB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can make some profits from the visiting tourists.59. The underlined word“oases”is closest in meaning to ____.A. cultural and art centersB. popular platforms for exchangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places（B）African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa –These tips will enhance the experience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1)Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out more than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2)Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns –this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more…3）Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalized. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anything up to 300 people. Show more…4）GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more…5）What’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Show more…6）The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately, safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7）Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, where road transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are woth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show more…8）Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 2017D. October 201762. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D. Not all the parks have the same species of animals.（C）A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories（卡路里）to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post - - study food consumption.Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate（乳酸盐）—circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty - - eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate - - school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch. Hunter says；the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.63. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB. numerous physical movements or calorie burningC. failure to resist the temptation of delicious foodD. bodily hunger caused by physical growth64. The underlined word“counter”is closest in meaning to _____.A. stimulateB. maximizeC. balanceD. prevent65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Running is more beneficial than walking.B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier.C. The amount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people’s appetite.D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation.66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry.B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.C. Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people’s brain.D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. When something comes from within you ,you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way .B. Psychologists call this private speech ----language that is spoken loud but directed atyourselfC. So words to the self , spoken silently or loud , are so much more than just chatterD. We keep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out=loud version .E. According to he well-known saying , talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts , it makes a larger impact on our brain.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause.________67__________But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ________________68_______________We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as ―you‖ rather than ―I‖_____________69___________________If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking ._____________70_______-Summary WritingDirections ; Read the following passage . Summarize in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transport goods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which areestimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches.Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.TranslationDirections ; Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets. 1，新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
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杨浦区2016学年第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2017.4II .Grammar and VocabularySection AI was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said：“You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.of kids may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers,“Zealandia”is a new continent that’s ___31___ beneath the ocean.Zealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highest mountains already have their own name：New Zealand.The small country is the only part of Zealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authors want the huge landmass to be ___33___ worldwide as its own continent.“The scientific value of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extra name on a list,”the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started ___34___ research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping ___35___. After completing their work, they were finally able to write a reportsuggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no official organization that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world school is.Due to their __36__ as a “continuous expanse of land”,some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent -- known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to make things even more confusing, France and Greece, as well as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even ___37___ into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union（IAU）decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years after its ___38___ in 1930. Experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet（矮行星）”，meaning that ___39___ books, models and museum exhibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world take the same notice of Zealandia? The best way to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AGood news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征）.Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,”the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. But it could be the first ___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life – the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stoneSection B（A）One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New York City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, seeds, fencing , and so on. However, because they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little.A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Excess produce can be s old for a profit at farmers markets. But a garden’s benefit don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s crime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those who ___.A. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have their own property57. New York City _____.A. is owned by 20,000 individual gardenersB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can make some profits from the visiting tourists.59. The underlined word“oases”is closest in meaning to ____.A. cultural and art centersB. popular platforms for exchangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places（B）African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa – These tips will enhance the experience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1)Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out more than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2)Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns –this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more…3）Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalized. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anything up to 300 people. Show more…4）GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more…5）What’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Show more…6）The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately, safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7）Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, where road transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are woth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show more…8）Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 2017D. October 201762. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D. Not all the parks have the same species of animals.（C）A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories（卡路里）to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post - - study food consumption.Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate（乳酸盐）—circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty - - eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate - - school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch. Hunter says；the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.63. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB. numerous physical movements or calorie burningC. failure to resist the temptation of delicious foodD. bodily hunger caused by physical growth64. The underlined word“counter”is closest in meaning to _____.A. stimulateB. maximizeC. balanceD. prevent65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Running is more beneficial than walking.B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier.C. The amount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people’s appetite.D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation.66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry.B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.C. Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people’s brain.D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. When something comes from within you ,you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way .B. Psychologists call this private speech ----language that is spoken loud but directed at yourselfC. So words to the self , spoken silently or loud , are so much more than just chatterD. We keep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out=loud version .E. According to he well-known saying , talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts , it makes a larger impact on our brain.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause.________67__________But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ________________68_______________We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as “you” rather than “I”_____________69___________________If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and mightturn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking ._____________70_______-Summary WritingDirections ; Read the following passage . Summarize in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transport goods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches. Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.TranslationDirections ; Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets.1，新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。