2015年12月 六级 第2套 范文,原文,解析,译文
2015年12月英语六级作文范文
2015年12月英语六级作文范文一信息技术难以让人得到有效信息长沙新东方任伟伟老师As is graphically revealed in the cartoon,a few employees are holding a conference in the meeting room equipped with advanced devices.However,the most striking feature of the drawing is that the man in the center,who seems like a manager, says that they have lots of information technology,while useful information is badly needed.Simple as the illustration seems,it discloses a serious problem that it is rather hard to obtain helpful information in the highly modernized society.A multitude of reasons can account for the phenomenon.On the one hand,it can be partially due to the fact that the modern technology has been developing at an incredible speed,which provides a booming amount of information and it is difficult to tell the right from thewrong.On the other hand,it is also because the restriction about spreading information on the Internet is far from perfect,making it difficult to get rid of the problem effectively and fundamentally.From my perspective,it is high time that we transferred our focus from developing technology to searching for something helpful.Only in this way can we acquire what we literally need.2015年12月英语六级作文范文二网络误导性信息的危害The cartoon,vivid and explicit,unfolds a sense to us,in which a woman,who stands by the door,makes a cup of coffee for her husband.However,the most striking feature of the drawing is that the husband,working in front of a computer, says that he feels unfortunate to live in a world with so much misleading information.Simple as the illustration seems,it discloses a serious problem that it is rather hard to obtain useful and helpful information in the highly modernized society.Harmful are the impacts of the phenomenon and I would like to explore the following aspects.For one thing,by no means can we deny that nothing poses a greater threat to a corporation's strategy of development than the misleading information,the harm of which can never be ignored.For another, this kind of cheat also makes it impossible for individuals, especially adolescents,to tell the right from the wrong.From my perspective,it is high time that the authorities concerned established relevant regulations to better the environment of the virtual world.Only in this way can both people and our country benefit a lot from the development of high technology.2015年12月英语六级作文范文一最爱的书是脸书Graphically revealed in this cartoon is that two youngsters are having a conversation.However,the most striking feature of it is that the man on the left is saying without hesitation that he loves reading and his favorite book is Facebook. Apparently,the purpose of this cartoon unfolds a conspicuous fact that social networking websites exert adverse impacts on our reading.Several factors can be responsible for this phenomenon.For one thing,with our science and economy enhanced remarkably, people in growing numbers tend to share their moments of life on social networks,and therefore,it is difficult for us to concentrate on what we want to read.For another,there are various kinds of information on the internet,and as a result, they may be easily distracted by other information so much that they may ignore what they are really interested in.To sum up,social network websites may pose a potential and probable threat to our reading.We are supposed to spend more time on reading paper books instead of staying on the social networking websites.Only in this way can we gradually terminate the negative influence of social networking websites.。
2015年12月大学英语六级真题及答案(卷二)
2015年12月英语六级真题及答案（卷二）1.作文Direction：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the harm caused by misleading information online. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2.选词填空It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their positions, often quickly and brutally. Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe’s biggest technology success stories, was no 36 losing its market share in just a few years.In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales 37 . But consumers’ preferences were already 38 toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction ofApple’s iPhone in the middle of that year,N okia’s market share 39 rapidly and revenue plunged. By the end of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft.What sealed Nokia’s fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO, which he 40 in October 2010. Each day th at Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company’s market value declined by $23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history.But Elop was not the only person at 41 .Nokia’s board resisted change, making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most 42 , orma Ollila, who had led Nokia’s transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the company 43 success to recognize the change that wasneeded to sustain its competitiveness. The company also embarked on a 44 cost cutting program, which included the elimination of thousands of jobs. This contributed to the 45 of th e company’s once-spirited culture, which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia’s sense of vision and direction with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design and programming talent left as well.A) assumedI) previousB) biasJ) relayedC) desperateK) shiftingD) deteriorationL) shrankE) exceptionM) subtleF) faultN) transmittingG) incidentallyO) worldwideH) notably3.长篇阅读First-Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and BehindKids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education come on campus with little academic know-how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.A) When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first-generation student and Jamaican immigrant, he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education. Like many first-generation students, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were also attending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs. Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule.B) What Nijay didn’t realize about his school—Tennessee State University一was its frighteningly low graduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students. At the end of his first year, Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making it impossible for him to continue paying for school. C) Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first-generation college students who enter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped to graduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typically carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attending school, and often require significant academic remediation (补习).D) Matt Rubinoff directs I’m First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to this specific population of students. He hopes to distribute this information and help prospective college-goers find the best post-secondary fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a good number of four-year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resources and programs for them, he says that number isn’t high enough. E) “It’s n ot only the selective and elite institutions that provide those opportunities for a small subset of this population,” Rubinoff said, adding that a majority of first-generation under-graduates tend toward options such as online programs, two-year colleges, and commuter state schools. “Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack ofinformation and support to help students think bigger and broader.”F) Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions—and two-year schools in particular As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options year after year. Instead of skipping out on higher education altogether, they chose community colleges or state schools with low bars for admittance.G) “They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,” said Dave Jarrat, a marketing executive for Inside Track, a for-profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income students and supporting colleges in order to help students thrive. “The reality of it is that a l ot of low-income kids could be going to elite universities on a full ride scholarship and don’t even realize it.”H) “Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience of successfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and their college worthiness,” Jarrat continued That helps explain why, as I’m First’s Rubinoff indicated, the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorest matches for them. The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma. A flagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first-generation students, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, The University of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State’s overall graduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smaller gap between the out-comes for first-generation students and those of their peers.I) Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Many large institutions keep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult to find The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its first-generation pupils is “much lower” than the percentage of all students who graduate within four years (81 percent).J) It is actually quite difficult to find reliable statistics on the issue for many schools. Higher education institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduation rates, but these re- ports typically only include Pell recipient numbers~not necessarily rates specific to first-gen-eration students. Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating it can be for prospective students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to navigate this kind ofinformation and then identify which schools are the best fit.K) It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I’m First in 2013, originally as an arm of its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity. “If we can help to direct students to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realistic and accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get in and enroll, we are going to raise the success rate,” Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools.L) Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I’m First, was a first-generation college student at Howard. Like other students new to the intimidating higher-education world, she often struggled on her path to college. “There wasn’t really a college-bound culture at my high school.” she said “I wanted to go to college but I didn’t really know the process.” Jones became involved with a college-access program through Princeton University in high school. Now, she attributes much of her understanding of college to that:“But once I got to campus, it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for.”M) She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well-regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first-generation students, including matching kids with counselors, connecting first-generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students on Howard’s campus. Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who are able to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aid packages and remarkably high graduation rates for first-generation students. (Harvard, for example, boasts a six-year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent.)N) Christian Vazquez, a first-generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story setting him far apartfrom students such as Nijay. “There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after a while, there is too much support,” he said, half-joking about the countless resources available at the school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors (trained seniors on campus); they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联系) groups, tutoring centers and also have a summer orientation specifically for first-generation students (the latter being one of the most common programs for students).O) “Our support structure was more like: ‘You are going to get through Yale; you are going to do well,’”he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professors who all provided significant support for students who lacked confidence about “belonging”at such a top institution.46. Many first-generation college-goers have doubts about their abilities to get a college degree. 47. First-generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.48. The graduation rate of first-generation students at Nijay’s university was incredibly low.49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first-generation students with more support than they actually need.50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-generation students.52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don’t know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first-generation students’self-confidence.54. I’m First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.55. Elite universities tend to graduate first-generation students at a higher rate.4.仔细阅读Passage OneSaying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care.The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent.In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment — at the end of life, for example — is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisions based on cost is a form of rationing.Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones are expected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decis ions, even though there’s no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurance companies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies.Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and financial overseers.“There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn’t be functioning simultaneously as doctors,” said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He said doctors risked losing the trust of patient s if they told patients, “I’m not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it’s bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts.”Doctors can face some grim trade-offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about equallyeffective in treating macular degeneration, an eye disease. But one costs $50 a dose and the other close to $2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if every-one used the cheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis.But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye, and using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Should doctors consider Medicare’s budget in deciding what to use?“I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and not trying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole,”said Dr. Donald Jensen.Still, some analysts say that there’s a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so, “In some ways,” said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, “it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue.”56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?A) Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.B) Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.C) Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.D) Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?A) Specific medicines to be used. C) Professional advancement.B) Effects of medical treatment. D) Patients5 trust.58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?A) The redefining of doctors’ roles. C) Conflicts between doctors and patients.B) Overuse of less effective medicines. D) The prolonging of patients’ suffering.59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?A) They may be involved in a conflict of interest.B) They may be forced to divide their attention.C) They may have to use less effective drugs.D) They may lose the respect of patients.60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?A) It may add to doctors’ alrea dy heavy workloads.B) It will help to save money for society as a whole.C) It results from society’s failure to tackle the problem.D) It raises doctors’ awareness of their social responsibilitiesPassage TwoEconomic inequality is the “defining challenge of our time, ” President Barack Obama declared in a speech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn’t look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. “Increased inequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream,” he said.Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality. Public Enemy No. 1 and the greatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also argued that it’s harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs (横档) in that ladder have grown farther apart.For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new dataset from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we’re vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich-poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility, associologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data.So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adults? What explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community’s middle class, the quality of schools, community religiosity, and familystructure, which he calls the “single strongest correlate of upward mobility.” Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial and economic segregation.Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of these factors. Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:1. (人均) income growth2. Prevalence of single mothers (where correlation is strong, but negative)3. Per-capita local government spendingIn other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local government spending~which may stand for good schools一are the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger’s rags-to-riches story.61. How does Obama view economic inequality?A) It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.B) It is the greatest threat to social stability.C) It is the No. 1 enemy of income growth.D) It is the most malicious social evil of our time.62. What do we learn about the inequality gap from Scott Winship’s data analysis?A) It is fast widening across most parts of America.B) It is not a reliable indicator of economic mobility.C) It is not correctly interpreted.D) It is overwhelmingly ignored.63. Compared with Atlanta, metropolitan Salt Lake City is said to______________.A) have placed religious beliefs above party politicsB) have bridged the gap between the rich and the poorC) offer poor children more chances to climb the social ladderD) suffer from higher levels of racial and economic segregation64. What is strongly correlated with social mobility according to economist Raj Chetty?A) Family structure. C) School education.B) Racial equality. D) Community density.65. What does the author seem to suggest?A) It is important to increase the size of the middle class.B) It is highly important to expand the metropolitan areas.C) It is most imperative to focus our efforts on the elimination of income inequality.D) It is better to start from the community to help poor children move up the social ladder.5 翻译最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第二套)
2015年12月大学英语六级测试真题（第二套）Part IDirections:Writing (30 minutes)For this part, you are allowed 90 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Touch his heart. C) Remind him of his life.B) Make him cry. D) Make him feel young.2. A) It makes him exciting. C) It catches his attention.B) It isn’t very musical. D) It is hard for him to sing.3. A) He is good at singing operas. C) He can sing any song if he likes it.B) He enjoys complicated music. D) He loves country music in particular.4. A) Go to a bar and drink for horns. C) Go to see a performance in a concert hail.B) Go to an isolated place to sing blues. D) Go to work and wrap himself up in music. Conversation TwoQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) How he became an announcer. C) How he makes his living.B) How he writes news stories. D) How he does his job.6. A) They write the first version of news stories. C) They polish incoming news stories.B) They gather news stories on the spot. D) They write comments on major news stories.7. A) Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.B) Having little time to read the news before going on the air.C) Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.D) Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.8. A) It shows where advertisements come in. C) It alerts him to something important.B) It gives a signal for him to slow down. D) It serves as a reminder of sad news.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It gives pleasure to both adults and children. C) It can be found in many parts of the world.B) It is often carried around by small children. D) It was invented by an American Indian.10. A) They were made for earning a living.B) They were delicate geometric figures.C) They were small circus figures made of wire.D) They were collected by a number of museums.11. A) In art.B) In geometry.C) In engineering.D) In circus performance.Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) It is mostly imported from the Middle East.B) It is a sure indicator of its economic activity.C) It has a direct impact on the international oil market.D) It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day.13. A) It eventually turns into heat.B) It is used in a variety of forms.C) Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution.D) Part of it is lost in the process of transmission.14. A) When it is used in rural areas.B) When it is environment-friendly.C) When it operates at near capacity.D) When it operates at regular times.15. A) Traffic jams in cities.B) Inefficient use of energy.C) Fuel shortage.D) Global warming.Section CDirections: In this section. you will hear recordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.16. A) It is caused by stress from work or study.B) It has a great impact on people’s life.C) It results in some strange diseases nowadays.D) It gives people lots of trouble at work.17. A) Talk about it. C) Ignore it.B) Immerse ourselves in it. D) Shut it down.18. A) To release the negative emotion. C) To feel more comfortable.B) To relax ourselves. D) To have a short break.19. A) Looking down upon it. C) Giving it space and attention.B) Doing something else. D) Getting some amusement.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.20. A) Stand up for themselves. C) Contribute more to the company.B) Never laugh at their workmates. D) Get close to their bosses.21. A) They are indifferent to their employees.B) They focus on the finished projects.C) They don’t know everybody in the company.D) They hate to see employees show off their work.22. A) People start repeating their achievements.B) People ask for rewards for their achievements.C) People look down upon their colleagues.D) People attract the attention of their bosses on purpose.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.23. A) A primary school education and some secondary school.B) Basic skills they need to escape from poverty.C) Governments and many donors? support.D) The skills necessary to operate a business.24. A) The skills in numeracy and the ability to read and write.B) A bridge between school and work.C) The completion of the first few years of schooling.D) A process of remembering something by repeating it.25. A) Going to south of the Sahara Desert. C) Receiving training from skilled workers.B) Getting opportunities to learn through TV. D) Organizing system for women.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report says, is particularly 26 to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be 27. The official policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental 28 have long urged U. S. government agencies to 29 the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency 30the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care 31, after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now 32 the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report. But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children’s brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, it’s tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid 33 evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct 34but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues. Nonetheless, it’s smart to 35 caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can’t hurt. .A) advocatesB) compactC) correlationD) exerciseE) facilitiesF) interactionG) investigatingH) overwhelmedI) particlesJ) permanentK) restrictedL) simulatingM) statisticalN) tightenO) vulnerableSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Impossibility of Rapid Energy Transitions[A] Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions. Whether it is a transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants, politicians love to talk big. Unfortunately for them (and often the taxpayers), our energy systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier: they are unbelievably expensive, they are built to last for a very long time, they have a huge amount of inertia (meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving), and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion. No matter how hard you try, you can’t turn something that large on a dime (10美分的硬币), or even a few thousand dimes.[B] In physics, moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding the dynamics of energy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to change their state of motion. If you try to push a boulder (大圆石), it pushes you back. Once you have started the boulder rolling, it develops momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity. Momentum is said to be “conserved,” that is, once you build it up, it has to go somewhere. So a heavy object, like a football player moving at a high speed, has a lot of momentum that is, once he is moving, it is hard to change his state of motion. If you want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him, transferring (possiblypainfully) some of his kinetic energy(动能) to your own body, or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.[C] But there are other kinds of momentum as well. After all, we don’t speak only of objects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum. Whether it’s a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relishes having the big momentum, because it makes them harder to stop or change direction.[D] One kind of momentum is technological momentum. When a technology is deployed, its impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent (白炽灯的) bulb, an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates. The incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms. Today, a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. There are standard-shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-shaped bulbs, and more. It is quite easy, with all that choice, to change a light bulb.[E] But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of those specialized bulbs led to the building of specialized light fixtures, from the desk lamp you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother, to the ceiling fixture in your closet, to the light in your oven or refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points at you. It is easy to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture.[F] And there is more to the story, because not only are the devices that house incandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics, but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows.[G] As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out, “generally, there are no bad light sources, only bad applications.” There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL [compact Fluorescent(荧光的) light bulb], yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明设备) that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied. The lamp, the fixture, and the room, all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users. If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object within that space, the fixture must bedesigned to work with that lamp, and that fixture with the room. It is a symbiotic (共生的) relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out, foggy, and dim. The whole fixture must be replaced light source and luminaire and this is never an inexpensive proposition.[H] And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting, being the man who illuminated the Statue of Liberty.[I] Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes hi our energy systems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we are going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20 years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise. That is because the engineers, designers, regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first (or retrained, if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes time. And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained, they have to be trained in the right sequence. One needs the designers, and perhaps the regulators, before the builders and operators, and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation. In some cases, colleges and universities might have to change their training programs, adding another layer of difficulty.[J] By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum. The major components of our energy systems, such as fuel production, refining, electrical generation and distribution, are costly installations that have lengthy life spans. They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered. When investors put up money to build, say, a nuclear power plant, they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant, which is typically between 40 arid 60 years. Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years! The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York’s Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.[K] As Vaclav Smil points out, “All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions theyhoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner.”[L] When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch from an incandescent to a fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you decide whether their plans are feasible.36. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.37. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.38. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.39. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn’t succeed as expected.40. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.41. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.42. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn’t lie in light sources but in their applications.43. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.44. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.45. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.One hundred years ago, “colored” was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for Negro.? Bythe late 1960s, that term was overtaken by “Black.” And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that “African American” was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as “Italian Americans” and “Irish Americans,” that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.A century’s worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term “Black” carried connotations (涵义) that were more negative than those of “African American”.But if it was known that “Black” people were viewed differently from “African Americans,” researchers, until now, hadn’t identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by Emory University抯Erika Hall, found that 揃lack? people are viewed more negatively than “African Americans” because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status. As a result, “Black” people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.The study’s most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world. Even seemingly harmless details on a resume, it appears, can tap into recruiters’ biases. A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the “Wisconsin Association of African- American Lawyers” or the “National Black Employees Association,” the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members’control.In one of the study’s experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identified as “African-American,” and another was told he was “Black.” With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams’s salary, professional standing, and educational background.The “African-American” group estimated that he earned about $ 37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree. The “Black” group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $ 29,000, and guessed that he had only “some” college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr. Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38. 5 percent of the second group thought so.Hall’s findings suggest there’s an argument to be made for electing to use “African American,” though one can’t help but get the sense that it’s a decision that papers over theurgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois’s original, idealistic hope: “It’s not the name------it’s the Thing that counts.”46. Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term “African American” for people of African descent?A) It is free from racial biases.B) It represents social progress.C) It is in the interest of common Americans.D) It follows the standard naming practice.47. What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group?A) It advances with the times. C) It merits intensive study.B) It is based on racial roots. D) It is politically sensitive.48. What do Erika Hall’s findings indicate?A) Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.B) Many applicants don’t attend to details on their resume.C) Job seekers should all be careful about their affiliations.D) Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.49.What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?A) African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.B) Black people’s socioeconomic status in America remains low.C) People’s conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.D) One’s professional standing and income are related to their educational background.50. What is Dr. Du Bois’s ideal?A) All Americans enjoy equal rights.B) A person is judged by their worth.C) A new term is created to address African Americans.D) All ethnic groups share the nation’s continued progress.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa. In 2011 they released a landmark study titled “Academically Adrift,” which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today’s knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students? lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards. Although going to college is supposed to be a full-time job, students spent, on average, only 12 to 14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partying and socializing.Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she calls the “party pathway”, which eases many students through college, helped along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors. By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are “catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others” who won’t enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job market isn’t kind to candidates who can’t demonstrate genuine competence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math and science abilities. College graduates will still fare better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degreeunaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.51. What is Arurn and Roksa’s finding about higher education in America?A) It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.B) It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modem times.C) It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.D) It has tried hard to satisfy students? various needs.52. What is responsible for the students? lack of higher-level skills? .A) The diluted college curriculum. C) The absence of rigorous discipline.B) The boring classroom activities. D) The outdated educational approach.53. What does Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?A) They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.B) They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.C) They seem to be out of touch with society.D) They prioritize non-academic activities.54. What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?A) They tend to have a sense of superiority over their peers.B) They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves.C) They spend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses.D) They can climb the social ladder even without a degree.55. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?A) American higher education has lost its global competitiveness.B) People should not expect too much from American higher education.C) The current situation in American higher education may not last long.D) It will take a long time to change the current trend in higher education.Part lv Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级：中国现在涉足建造高速列车、远洋船舶、机器人，甚至飞机。
201512月大学英语六级考试真题与答案解析(第二套)
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picturebelow. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advancedinformation technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than200 words．________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)听力音频地址：Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the endof each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C.and D.,and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet I with a single line through the centre.1. A.She is impatient to learn computer programming.B.She is unaware her operation system is outdated.C.She is unable to use the new computer program.D. She is amazed at the fast change of technology.2.A.He has long been fed up with traveling.B.He prefers to stay home for the holiday.C.He is going out of town for a couple of days.D. He is annoyed by the heavy traffic downtown.3.A.The challenges facing East Asia.B.The location for their new office.C.Their expansion into the overseas marketD. The living expenses in T okyo and Singapore.4. A.A number of cell phones were found after the last show.B.The woman forgot where she had left her cell phone.C.The woman was very pleased to find her cell phone.D. Reserved tickets could be picked up at the ticket counter.5.A.The building materials will be delivered soon.B.The project is being held up by bad weather.C.The construction schedule may not be met.D. Qualified carpenters are not easy to find.6.A.She is getting very forgetful these days.B.She does not hold on to bitterfeelings.C.She resents the way she is treated.D. She never intends to hurt anyone.7.A.The man wants to rent a small apartment.B.The woman has trouble getting a mortgage.C.The woman is moving to a foreign country.D.The man is trying to sell the woman a house.8. A.They are writing a story for the Morning News.B.They are facing great challenges to get re-elected.C.They are launching a campaign to attract women voters.D.They are conducting a survey among the women in town. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.T ouch his heart.B.Make him cry.C.Remind him of his life.D.Make him feel young.10. A.He is good at singing operas.B.He enjoys complicated music:C.He can sing any song if he likes it.D.He loves country music in particular.11.A.Go to a bar and drink for hours.B.Go to an isolated place to sing blues.C.Go to see a performance in a concert hall.D.Go to work and wrap himself up in music.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A.How he became an announcer.B.How he writes news stories.C.How he makes his living.D.How he does his job.13.A.They write the first version of news stories.B.They gather news stories on the spot.C.They polish incoming news stories.D.They write comments on major news stories.14. A.Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.B.Having little time to read the news before going on the air.C.Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.D.Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.15.A.It shows where advertisements come in.B.It gives a signal for him to slow down.C.It alerts him to something important.D.It serves as a reminder of sad news.Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C).and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A.It gives pleasure to both adults and children.B.It is often carried around by small children.C.It can be found in many parts of the world.D.It was invented by an American Indian.17. A.They were made for earning a living.B.They were delicate geometric figures.C.They were small circus figures made of wire.D.They were collected by a number of museums.18.A.In art.B.In geometry.C.In engineering.D.In circus performance.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A.They offer students a wide variety of courses.B.They attract students from all over the world.C.They admit more students than they can handle.D.They have trouble dealing with overseas students.20. A.Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later.B.A good education contributes to the prosperity of a nation.C.A good education is necessary for one to climb the social ladder.D.Everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential.21. A.He likes students with high motivation.B.He enjoys teaching intelligent students.C.He tailors his teaching to students' needs.D.He treats all his students in a fair manner.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A.It is mostly imported from the Middle East.B.It is a sure indicator of its economic activity.C.It has a direct impact on the international oil market.D.It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day.23. A.It eventually turns into heat.B.It is used in a variety of forms.C.Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution.D.Part of it is lost in the process of transmission.24.A.When it is used in rural areas.B.When it is environment-friendly.C.When it operates at near capacity.D.When it operates at regular times.25.A.Traffic jams in cities.B.Inefficient use of energy.C.Fuel shortage.D.Global warming.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for thefirst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read forthe second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.Graphics are used in textbooks as part of the language of the discipline, as in math or economics,or as study aids. Authors use graphic aids to26and expand on concepts taken up in the textbecause graphics are yet another way of portraying relationships and27connections.Graphics are used extensively in natural sciences and social sciences. Social scientists work withstatistics 28 data, and the best way to present these statistics is often in graphic form. Graphicsare included- not merely as a means of making the information easier for the student to grasp, but as anintegral part of the way social scientists think. Many textbooks,29those in economics, containappendixes that provide specific information on reading and working with graphic material.Make it a practice to30attentively the titles, captions, headings, and other materialconnected with graphics. These elements31and usually explain what you are looking at. Whenyou are examining graphics, the32questions to ask are (a.)What is this item about? and (b.)Whatkey idea is the author33?One warning: Unless you integrate your reading of graphics with the text, you may make a wrongassumption.34, from a chart indicating that 33 percent of firstborn children in a research sampledid not feel close to their fathers, you might assume that some dreadful influence was at work on thefirstborn children. However, a careful reading of the text35that most of the firstborn children inthe sample were from single-parent homes in which the father was absent.Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday products,including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioraldisorders in children. The developing brain, the report says, is particularly36to the toxic effectsof certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be37.The official policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental38have long urgedU.S. government agencies to39the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called formore studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency40the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care41, after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now42the toxic effects ofsome of the chemicals in the latest report.But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children's brain and behavioral disorders, likehyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, it's tough to pin themon exposure to specific chemicals with solid43evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Eventhe Harvard study did not prove a direct44but noted strong associations between exposure andrisk of behavioral issues.Nonetheless, it's smart to45caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinkingtap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayedwith chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothescan't hurt.A.advocatespactC.correlationD.exerciseE. facilitiesF. interactionG. investigatingH. overwhelmedI. particlesJ. permanentK. restrictedL. simulatingM. statisticalN. tightenO. vulnerableSection BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Impossibility of Rapid Energy Transitions[ A ] Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions. Whether it is a transition from importedto domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants, politicianslove to talk big. Unfortunately for them (and often the taxpayers), our energy systems are a bitlike an aircraft carrier: they are unbelievably expensive, they are built to last for a very long time,they have a huge amount of inertia ( meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving ), andthey have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion. No matter how hard you try, you can'tturn something that large on a dime ( 10美分硬币), or even a few thousand dimes.[ B ] In physics, moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding the dynamics ofenergy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to changetheir state of motion. If you try to push a boulder ( 大圆石), it pushes you back. Once you havestarted the boulder rolling, it develops momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity.Momentum is said to be "conserved," that is, once you build it up, it has to go somewhere. So a heavy object, like a football player moving at a high speed, has a lot of momentum-that is, once he is moving, it is hard to change his state of motion. If you want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him, transferring ( possibly painfully) some of his kinetic energy (动能) to your own body, or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.[ C ] But there are other kinds of momentum as well. After all, we don't speak onlyof objects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum. Whether it's a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relishes having the big momentum, because it makes them harder to stop or change direction.[ D ] One kind of momentum is technological momentum. When a technology is deployed, its impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent (白炽灯的) bulb, an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates. The incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms. Today, a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. There are standard-shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-shaped bulbs, and more. It is quite easy, with all that choice, to change a light bulb.[ E ] But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of those specialized bulbs ledto the building of specialized light fixtures, from the desk lamp you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother, to the ceiling fixture in your closet, to the light in your oven or refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points at you. It is easy to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture.[ F ] And there is more to the story, because not only are the devices that house incandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics, but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows.[ G ] As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out, “Generally, there are no bad light sources, only bad applications. " There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL [ compact fluorescent (荧光的) light bulb ], yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明装置) that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied. The lamp, the fixture, and the room, all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users. If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object within that space, the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp, and that fixture with the room. It is a symbiotic (共生的) relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out, foggy, and dim. The whole fixture must be replaced-light source and luminaire-and this is never an inexpensive proposition.[ H ] And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting, being the man who illuminated the Statue of Liberty.[ I ]Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes in our energy systems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we are going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20 years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise. That is because the engineers,designers, regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first ( or retrained, if they are the ones beinglaid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes time.And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained, they have to be trained in the right sequence. One needs the designers, and perhaps the regulators, before the builders and operators, and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation. In some cases, colleges and universities might have to change their training programs, adding another layer of difficulty.[ J ] By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum. The major components of our energy systems, such as fuel production, refining, electrical generation and distribution, are costly installations that have lengthy life spans. They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered. When investors put up money to build, say, a nuclear power plant, they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant, which is typically between 40and 60 years. Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years!The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York's Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898. [ K ] As Vaclav Smil points out, "All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedentedmanner. "[ L ] When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch.from an incandescent to a fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you decide whether their plans are feasible.46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.48. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn't succeed as expected.50. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn't lie in light sources but in their applications.53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C),and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.One hundred years ago, "Colored" was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for "Negro. " By the late 1960s,that term was overtaken by "Black. " And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that "African American" was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as "Italian Americans" and "Irish Americans," that had already beenfreed of widespread discrimination.A century's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term "Black" carried connotations (涵义) that were more negative than those of "African American. "But if it was known that "Black" people were viewed differently from "African Americans,"researchers, until now, hadn't identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by Emory University's Erika Hall, found that "Black" people are viewed more negatively.than "African Americans" because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status. As a result,"Black" people arethought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world.Even seemingly harmless details on a resume, it appears, can tap into recruiters' biases. A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the "Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers" or the "National Black Employees Association," the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members' control.In one of the study's experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. T o one group, he was identified as "African-American," and another was told he was "Black. " With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams's salary,professional standing, and educational background.The "African-American" group estimated that he earned about $ 37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree. The "Black" group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $ 29,000, and guessed that he had only "some" college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr.Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.Hall's findings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use "African American,"though one can't help but get the sense that it's a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois's original, idealistic hope: "It's not the name-it's the Thing that counts. "56.Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term "African American" for people of African descent?57. A.It is free from racial biases.B.It represents social progress.C.It is in the interest of common Americans.D.It follows the standard naming practice.57. What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group ?A.It advances with the times.B.It is based on racial roots.C.It merits intensive study.D.It is politically sensitive.58.What do Erika Hall's findings indicate?A.Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.B.Many applicants don't attend to details on their resumes.C.Job seekers should all be careful- about their affiliations.D.Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.59. What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?A.African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.B.Black people's socioeconomic status in America remains low.C.People's conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.D.One's professional standing and income are related to their educational background.60. What is Dr. Du Bois's ideal?A.All Americans enjoy equal rights.B.A person is judged by their worth.C.A new term is created to address African Americans.D.All ethnic groups share the nation's continued progress.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa.In 2011 they released a landmark study titled"Academically Adrift," which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today's knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students' lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards. Although going to college is supposed to be a Full-time job, students spent, on average, only 12 to 14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters withoutdoing a significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partying and socializing.Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she calls the “arty pathway," which eases many students through college, helped-along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors.By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are"catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others" who won't enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job market isn't kind to candidates who can't demonstrate genuine competence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math and science abilities. College graduates will still fare better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have beencoasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.61. What is Arum and Roksa's finding about higher education in America?A.It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.B.It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.C.It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.D.It has tried hard to satisfy students' various needs.62. What is responsible for the students' lack of higher-level skills?A.The diluted college curriculum.B.The boring classroom activities.C.The absence of rigorous discipline.D.The outdated educational approach.63. What does Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?A.They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.B.They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.C.They seem to be out of touch with society.D.They prioritize non-academic activities.64. What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?A.They tend to have a sense of superiority over their peers.B.They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves.C.They spend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses.。
2015年12月英语六级作文范文
2015年12月英语六级作文范文：学生的负担Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss the heavier and heavier burden on pupils. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文：The Burdens on the Shoulders of PupilsWhat is delineated in the picture is that more and more pupils are becoming overweight not because of their own weights but because of their heavier backpacks. We may wonder why pupils' backpacks become heavier and heavier under thequality-oriented education. As far as I'm concerned, there are several reasons to explain it.First of all, they have to take a lot of courses at school. Many pupils have to take many exams by the end of the term. The pressure on learning makes them carry many books to school every day. Secondly, in addition to taking many courses at school, they need to gain knowledge and skills in some cram schools. Many parents feel worried that their kids would lag behind others if they do not go to tutoring centers. Thirdly, in their spare time they also have to take part in such contests as math contests and English contests in order to get themselves more opportunities to enter key schools.Undoubtedly, pupils should have a happy time in their childhood. I hope they can be carefree without somany learning burdens on their slim shoulders.2015年12月英语六级作文范文：数字媒体作文题目：1．数字媒体已渗入到人们日常生活的方方面面2．不同的人对数字媒体的作用有不同的看法3．我认为……参考范文Nowadays, digital media has permeated almost every aspect of our daily life. It is changing the way thatindividuals, especially young people, learn, play, socialize, and participate in the society.As a result, the function of digital media has turned into a major topic for the public. Some people pay tribute to its positive role as very convenient news sources, being available almost anywhere and anytime. While some people condemn the negative influence it has brought on privacy, morality, and independent thinking, which some people used to have and enjoy. And still others have been fighting between the merits and demerits of digital media for a final conclusion.In my view, digital media is good for us students as it introduces a new way of learning which encourages more interaction and participation rather than rote learning. Besides, digital media makes it easier to produce and share things.2015年12月英语六级作文范文：生活多样性Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark "Variety is the spice of life." You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文：On Variety of LifeThere is a famous proverb going like this, "Variety is the spice of life. " Some people may be in favor of it while some others may be not. In my opinion, we should not simply label it as right or wrong, but explore it in depth.This proverb is especially true for the following reasons. For one thing, variety, which means more changes and experiences, brings us new feelings and ideas which are vital for us to understand the essence of life. For another, if we desire to improve ourselves, we are required to make new attempts. Besides, conscious changes can make us more creative and energetic. For these reasons, most people enjoy colorful rather than monotonous life. Nevertheless, the proverb is not wholly true. Many things, in my belief, should be kept unchanged no matter how time flies. For instance, we should hold on to our dreams if we want to turn them into reality. And, we should always be loyal to our parents, partners and friends.In a nutshell, in most cases it is safe to say that "Variety is the spice of life." But in certain circumstances, staying unchanged seems to be a better choice.2015年12月英语六级作文范文：能力提高Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark "Ability may get you to the top, but it takes character to keep you there. " You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文：Character Can Keep You at the TopAs the saying goes, "Ability may get you to the top, but it takes character to keep you there." On the long journey of our life, we will definitely need a wealth of abilities to solve mountains of problems. But it is good character that keeps us overcoming difficulties. There is no denying that character education is more important than developing abilities.Character education plays an important role in individual discipline as well as the development of the society. For an individual, it prevents him from being selfish, indifferent, conceited, dependent or impolite in daily life. What's more, it teaches him how to learn efficiently, how to live a colorful life, how to strive for the best, and so on, which can make his life meaningful and valuable. For the society, it promotes social harmony and advances social civilization.In conclusion, one should not only acquire various abilities to survive, but also pay much attention to shape good character, including qualities of honesty and filial piety. Character education should also be accented at schools. One may achieve a success by ability, but he may achieve successes by good character.2015年12月英语六级作文范文：志愿者活动作文题目：1．越来越多的大学生从事志愿者活动2．大学生参加志愿者活动的意义3．我的观点参考范文：In recent years, there has been a growing popularity of volunteer activities. The volunteer spirit is spreading among college students. They actively take part in various volunteer activities, such as rescue work in earthquakes and service work in the Olympic Games.There is no doubt that volunteer activities are of remarkable benefits to both the society and the volunteers themselves. For one thing, college students' active participation in volunteer activities not only helps those in need but also calls on more people to join them, which influences the society in a positive way. For another, when engaging in volunteer activities, college students can gain a lot of social experiences. In this sense, it is volunteer work that enables students to learn the importance of devoting spirit, which contributes to their all- round development.As a college student, I think volunteer activities should be greatly advocated. In the process of voluntary activities, we can develop our humanism spirit and cooperative ability which are essential to our growth.2015年12月英语六级作文范文：自助游题目要求：1.越来越多大学生选择“自助游”，原因是…2.也会带来一些问题3.你的看法参考范文：Self-help TravelingMore and more college students choose self-help traveling rather than arranged tours when they plan to travel. The reason may be that by arranging the route, booking cheaper hotels and taking cheaper transportation means 2.W by themselves, they can save a lot of money.Convenient and economical as self-help traveling sounds, it still has some potential problems Perhaps the most important one is the safety hazard. Being alone without a group or a tour guide, a traveler may be helpless in face of danger, i.e. robbery, wild animal attacks, etc. In addition, they are more likely to be at risk of getting lost when traveling alone in a strange city or in the remote countryside.In my view, self-help traveling can be exciting and challenging which is worth trying. However, before setting out alone on a tour, travelers should make good preparations. Besides, they should hear security in mind all the time and keep in touch with their friends or relatives. By doing so they can enjoy the pleasure of exploring a strange city safe and sound.2015年12月英语六级作文范文：上大学的目的Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss the aim of going to college. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文：Aim of Going to CollegeAs is apparently depicted in the picture, one student is telling the other that he forgot what he learned last semester because he did not make a back-up copy of his brain. From my point of view, the reason behind this phenomenon is that some college students might confuse the aim of going to college.In the first place, college students should make full use of their college education, a very important part of their life, to develop their comprehensive ability instead of becoming bookworms. In the second place, the knowledge that college students have acquired should be helpful in the problem solving in their life rather than merely passing examinations. Finally, college students should foster the skills of critical thinking, not just imitating and memorizing what they have learned.In summary, in order to have a bright future, it is high time for college students to attach more emphasison getting practical knowledge in college.2015年12月英语六级作文范文：毕业生心理健康Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to improve the graduates’ mental health. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文：How to improve the graduates’ mental healthGraduates’ mental health has been playing an increasingly important role in the daily life. Actually, it is widely accepted that it has gained growing popularity among persons in all walks of life. However, in the season of graduation, it’s reported some cases of self-killing or mental disorder still happened.Obviously, graduates face various kinds of pressure. When graduates confront with great pressure, the best method is to communicate with friends or family members to unburden the feelings. And the universities and colleges should also pay more attention to graduates’ mental health and take effective action such as providing psychological service for students helping them to deal with mental problems. From the perspective of parents, they should care more about their kids’ mental health, too. Though the parents cannot write the dissertation for the graduates, nor can they find a job, they can communicate with their kids and help them to figure out the reasons for the difficulties.From the factors mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that we can free ourselves from mental illness by taking certain precautions. For example, if you have pains or puzzles in mind, finding a friend to express is a good way to release pressure. Certainly, there is no doubt that further attention will be paid to this issue.2015年12月英语六级作文范文：自行车骑行之旅作文题目：出游的方式有很多种，有的人为了节省时间乘坐飞机，有的人选择较为舒适的火车，还有的人情愿乘坐拥挤的巴士。
2015年12月六级作文真题及范文
1、Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short eaasy based on t he picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in sp ite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Nowadays,more and more hi-tech tools,such as calculator,computer,etc,appear in our da ily life.we use them wherever and whenever we are,so that our life becomes easier and m ore comfortable than before.However,does anyone think about what problems science and technology have caused to happen in this world?To some degree,it's more serious than that we consider.We human indeed use them to improve our living standard,but on the other hand,we are becoming l azier,more reliable than we used to be.All day long those hi-tech products accompany us,t hen we have either no space or time to think,aswell,communication between each other de creases,and what takes place of it is the huge indifference and gap among human.To solve these problems,we should in no time take measures to do with them.Firstly, communicate with others and think on your own more.Secondly,decrease the times you us e hi-tech tools.For the advantages of technology,we should absorb,at the meantime,be indep endent and abandon the short-comings.Thus,we could combine technology and human progr ess much closer and not lose ourselves in this modern society.2、Direction：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on t he picture below. You should focus on the harm caused by misleading information online. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.范文一：The harm caused by misleading information onlineIt is true that the internet has brought us great convenience and efficiency, however, as the data grows at an exponential rate, the severity of misleading information arises.Deceptive news or tips travel fast online, and worse still, they may shadow our routi ne life or even hinder the progress of our society. Lack of enough consideration, we are easily misled by false information which always appears in bulk on the webpage. Some w ill alter their plans to deal with the so-called disaster but only affect their normal life; a f ew may even go further to violate social security and economic trend. Moreover, if the m isleading news isn’t co rrected soon, there may be a trust crisis between individuals and th e government. For example, the nuclear leakage in Japan in 2011 has caused great panic i n Eastern China, where thousands of people went out to rob salt after the rumor that salt can prevent radiation, and ended in a turbulence in the domestic market.To prevent misleading information spreading, government should set up laws to regula te online news while individuals need to judge independently. Only when they work in ha nd will the harm of false information be diminished to the end.3、Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on thepicture below。
2015年12月大学英语六级真题及详解(第二套)【圣才出品】
2015年12月大学英语六级真题及详解（第二套）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring usefulinformation in spite of advanced information technology.You’re requiredto write at least150words but no more than200words.【审题构思】本文为图画作文，写作前需要观察图片，分析所给信息，从而确定论点。
图画中一群人在会议室讨论问题，其中一位抱怨道“我们信息技术发达，然而却没有多少有用的信息”。
由此可以推断，本文需要论证“信息技术”和“信息”的关系。
写作时，首先，应阐明论点，即“信息时代难以获取信息”；然后，应分析“难以获取信息”的原因；最后可就“如何更好获取信息”提出简单建议。
【参考范文】Useful Information Is Hard to Get(1)As depicted in the picture above,several staff are having a meeting in the meeting room while one of them complained,“We have lots of information technology.We just don’t have much useful Information.”(2)What the picture sets out to express is that even though we are accessible to and are armed with advanced devices and information technology,it’s difficult for us to obtain relevant useful information needed.(3)This phenomenon can be attributed to(4)a multitude of reasons.In the first place,as we become increasingly dependent on a variety of advanced devices,there is a sea of information ahead of us.Nevertheless,when we’re faced with so much information,it’s beyond our ability to distinguish the useful information from the useless one.(5)Moreover,that perfect network management regulations still has a long way to go is a fact that cannot be ignored,which makes it easier for us to feel at a loss in front of so much information.(6)As far as I’m concerned,as we are now living in the new era of information, neither can we say no to information technology,nor we can deny the benefits it has brought us.(7)Frankly,it’s high time we shifted our attention from obtaining more information to discriminating information.(8)Only in this way can we acquire needed information more efficiently and more effectively.【行文点评】(1)第一段描述图片，然后引出话题。
2015年12月六级第2套答案解析
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(二)答案与详解PartⅠWriting结构框图：一、第1段描述图片，提出主题——难以获取有用的信息。
二、第2段分析难以获取有用信息的原因。
三、第3段提出建议：由不加甄别地索取信息转向仔细地挑选信息。
The Difficulty in Acquiring Useful InformationAs the picture given depicts,several employees are having a meeting while one of them complains,“We have lots of information technology.We just don’t have much useful information.”What the picture presents is that even though equipped with advanced devices and information technology,we can hardly obtain useful information that we need.A multitude of reasons can account for the phenomenon.First of all,as we are increasingly,dependent on various advanced devices,they have brought us much information.However,faced with so much information, we’re actually not competent enough to tell the useful information from the useless information.What’s more,the fact that the network management regulations are not perfect cannot be ignored,which makes it difficult to prevent our life being lumbered with useless bits of information.From my point of view,as we are now in a great new era of information,we cannot say no to the benefits that information technology has brought us.However,it’s high time we transferred our focus from acquiring information indiscriminately to selecting information.Only in this way can we acquire the exact information that we need.PartⅡListening Comprehension1.听力原文：W：I’m so frustrated with this new computer program.I just can’t figure it out.M：I know what you mean.It can be overwhelming,especially since the technology is always changing.By the time you learn one program,it’s outdated.Q：What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?【精析】C)。
2015英语全国卷2作文
2015英语全国卷2作文原文标题，On the Importance of Environmental Protection。
Nowadays, environmental protection has become a hottopic in our society. With the development of economy and technology, people are enjoying a better life, but at the same time, they are facing more and more serious environmental problems. Therefore, it is of greatimportance to protect our environment.Firstly, environmental protection is essential for our own health. The air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat are all closely related to the environment. If the environment is polluted, our health will be greatly threatened. For example, air pollution can causerespiratory diseases, water pollution can lead to various diseases, and food pollution can cause food poisoning. Therefore, protecting the environment means protecting our own health.Secondly, environmental protection is crucial for the survival of all living creatures. The earth is our common home, and all living creatures, including humans, animals, and plants, depend on the environment for survival. If the environment is destroyed, it will not only affect humans, but also lead to the extinction of many species. For example, deforestation, water pollution, and global warming have caused the loss of many species and the destruction of their habitats. Therefore, protecting the environment means protecting the survival of all living creatures.Moreover, environmental protection is important for sustainable development. The earth has limited resources, and if we continue to exploit and destroy the environment, it will not be able to sustain the needs of future generations. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the environment in order to achieve sustainable development. For example, if we continue to cut down forests and pollute the oceans, it will not only affect the environment, but also lead to the exhaustion of resources and the collapse of ecosystems. Therefore, protecting the environment means ensuring the sustainable development of human society.In conclusion, environmental protection is of great importance for our own health, the survival of all living creatures, and the sustainable development of human society. Therefore, we should all take actions to protect the environment, such as reducing pollution, conserving resources, and promoting sustainable development. Only in this way can we create a better world for ourselves and for future generations.仿写：On the Necessity of Embracing Diversity。
2015年12月六级作文解析及范...
2015年12⽉六级作⽂解析及范...2015年12⽉六级作⽂解析及范⽂the impact of social networking websites on reading@考⾍四六级Direction：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes towrite a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the impactof social networking websites on reading. You are required to write at least150 words but no more than 200 words.范⽂作者：@袁⾬斌⽼师There is asimple but enlightening drawing in which a man is having a datewith a lady. The lady tells the man that she loves reading and shespends three hours a day reading articles and Facebook, asocial networking website, is her favorite “book”. Apparently, thisdrawing can be naturally linked to the influence of informationtechnology on people’s way of reading. A typical example isthe term phubbers which refers to people who like readingarticles with smartphones or iPads.At present,we are living in an information era, it has become a common phenomenon for ahost of youngsters to read articles through social networking softwares likeWechat or Sina microblog. It is social networking websites orsoftwares that makes reading convenient and enjoyable. In modern society, wecan read news and articles as long as we have a smart phone or a iPad. However,everything has its pros and cons. One the one hand, modern technology canfacilitate our reading. For instance, we can download books we like into ourkindle without going to the library. On the other hand, we should not ignorethe advantages of traditional way of reading. E-books can never provide us theatmosphere that a paper book can create.As acollege student, I am convinced that we should hold a correct attitude towardsmodern way of reading. Thus, we should follow the tendency of socialdevelopment. At the same time, we should also preserve traditional way ofreading.。
[英语六级作文]2015年12月英语六级作文真题及答案
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新东方在线英语六级频道考后首发2015年12月英语六级作文真题及答案，同时新东方名师将对真题答案进行权威解析，请考生关注。
更多2015年12月英语六级听力真 题及答案、英语六级作文真题及答案、英语六级阅读真题及答案、英语六级翻译真题 及答案，请查看【2015年12月英语六级真题答案解析】专题! 2015年12月英语六级真题及答案阅读作文听力翻译 【作文一参考范文】： As is graphicallyrevealed in the cartoon, a few employees are holding a conference in themeeting room equipped with advanced devices. However, the moststriking feature of the drawing is that the man in the center, whoseems like a manager, says that they have lots of informationtechnology, while useful information is badly needed. Simple as theillustration seems, it discloses a serious problem that it israther hard to obtain helpful information in the highly modernizedsociety. A multitude of reasonscan account for the phenomenon. On the one hand, it can bepartially due to the fact that the modern technology has beendeveloping at an incredible speed, which provides a booming amountof information and it is difficult to tell the right from thewrong. On the other hand, it is also because the restriction aboutspreading information on the Internet is far from perfect, makingit difficult to get rid of the problem effectively andfundamentally. From my perspective,it is high time that we transferred our focus from developingtechnology to searching for something helpful. Only in this way canwe acquire what we literally need. 来源：长沙新东方任伟伟老师 四六级考前30天逆袭攻略-【0元领课】 四六级考前30天备考规划，原价29.9元，限时免费领！ 【作文二参考范文】： The cartoon, vivid and explicit, unfolds a sense to us, in which a woman, who stands by the door, makes a cup of coffee for her husband. However, the most striking feature of the drawing is that the husband, working in front of a computer, says that he feels unfortunate to live in a world with so much misleading information. Simple as the illustration seems, it discloses a serious problem that it is rather hard to obtain useful and helpful information in the highly modernized society. Harmful are the impacts of the phenomenon and I would like to explore the following aspects. For one thing, by no means can we deny that nothing poses a greater threat to a corporation's strategy of development than the misleading information, the harm of which can never be ignored. For another, this kind of cheat also makes it impossible for individuals, especially adolescents, to tell the right from the wrong. From my perspective, it is high time that the authorities concerned established relevant regulations to better the environment of the virtual world. Only in this way can both people and our country benefit a lot from the development of high technology. 来源：长沙新东方任伟伟老师 四六级考前30天逆袭攻略-【0元领课】 四六级考前30天备考规划，原价29.9元，限时免费领！ 【作文三参考范文】： Graphically revealed in this cartoon is that two youngsters are having a conversation. However, the most striking feature of it is that the man on the leftis saying without hesitation that he loves reading and his favorite book is Facebook. Apparently, the purpose of this cartoon unfolds a conspicuous fact that social networking websites exert adverse impacts on our reading. Several factors can be responsible for this phenomenon. For one thing, with our science and economy enhanced remarkably, people in growing numbers tend to share their moments of life on social networks, and therefore, it is difficult for us to concentrate on what we want to read. For another, there are various kinds of information on the internet, and as a result, they may be easily distracted by other information so much that they may ignore what they are really interested in. To sum up, social network websites may pose a potential and probable threat to our reading. We are supposed to spend more time on reading paper books instead of staying on the social networking websites. Only in this way can we gradually terminate the negative influence of social networking websites. 来源：长沙新东方周思成老师 >六级答案这里最全">>>六级答案这里最全 四六级考前30天逆袭攻略-【0元领课】 四六级考前30天备考规划，原价29.9元，限时免费领！。
[英语六级考试复习]2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案及详解(第2套)
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大学英语 六级考试 真题解析2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案及详解（第2套）PART Ⅰ Writing思维导图有用信息难以获取Useful Information Is Hard to Get第一段描述图片：虽然我们拥有大量的先进科技，却难以获得所需要的有用信息(equipped with advanced devices and information technology, hardly obtain helpful information)。
第二段分析原因：1. 过多依赖先进技术，无法辨别信息好坏(dependent on various advanced devices, not competent enough to tell...)；2. 网络法规不健全，难以阻止无价值的信息充斥我们的生活(the network management regulations are not perfect, difficult to prevent our life being lumbered with useless information)。
第三段提出建议：由单纯地索取信息转向甄别信息(transferred our focus from obtaining more information to discriminating information)。
范文点评〇高分范文Useful Information Is Hard to Get①As the picture given depicts, several staff are having a meeting while one of them complained, "We have lots of information technology. We just don't have much useful information." ② What the picture is trying to present is that even though equipped with advanced devices and information technology, we can hardly obtain helpful information that we need.③ A multitude of reasons can account for the phenomenon. ④ First of all, as we are increasingly dependent on various advanced devices, they have brought us a lot of information.⑤ However, faced with so much information, we're actually not competent enough to tell the useful information from the useless one. ⑥ What's more, that the network management regulations are not perfect is a fact that cannot be ignored, which makes it difficult to prevent our life being lumbered with useless information.⑦From my point of view, as we are now in a great new era of information, we cannot say no to the benefits that information technology has brought us. ⑧ However, it's high time we transferred our focus from obtaining more information to discriminating information. ⑨ Only in this way can we acquire the exact information that we need.〇精彩点评①开门见山，描述图片。
2015年12月英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第二套）
2015年12⽉英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第⼆套）2015年12⽉⼤学英语六级考试真题(第2套)Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words．_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)听⼒⾳频地址：/doc/7a07ad8bad02de80d5d8402d.html /attached/media/20160426/20160426163646_2894.mp3 Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C.and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.1. A.She is impatient to learn computer programming.B.She is unaware her operation system is outdated.C.She is unable to use the new computer program.D. She is amazed at the fast change of technology.2.A.He has long been fed up with traveling.B.He prefers to stay home for the holiday.C.He is going out of town for a couple of days.D. He is annoyed by the heavy traffic downtown.3.A.The challenges facing East Asia.B.The location for their new office.C.Their expansion into the overseas marketD. The living expenses in Tokyo and Singapore.4. A.A number of cell phones were found after the last show.B.The woman forgot where she had left her cell phone.C.The woman was very pleased to find her cell phone.D. Reserved tickets could be picked up at the ticket counter.5.A.The building materials will be delivered soon.B.The project is being held up by bad weather.C.The construction schedule may not be met.D. Qualified carpenters are not easy to find.6.A.She is getting very forgetful these days.B.She does not hold on to bitter feelings.C.She resents the way she is treated.D. She never intends to hurt anyone.7.A.The man wants to rent a small apartment.B.The woman has trouble getting a mortgage.C.The woman is moving to a foreign country.D.The man is trying to sell the woman a house.8. A.They are writing a story for the Morning News.B.They are facing great challenges to get re-elected.C.They are launching a campaign to attract women voters.D.They are conducting a survey among the women in town. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.Touch his heart.B.Make him cry.C.Remind him of his life.D.Make him feel young.10. A.He is good at singing operas.B.He enjoys complicated music:C.He can sing any song if he likes it.D.He loves country music in particular.11.A.Go to a bar and drink for hours.B.Go to an isolated place to sing blues.C.Go to see a performance in a concert hall.D.Go to work and wrap himself up in music.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A.How he became an announcer.B.How he writes news stories.C.How he makes his living.D.How he does his job.13.A.They write the first version of news stories.B.They gather news stories on the spot.C.They polish incoming news stories.D.They write comments on major news stories.14. A.Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.B.Having little time to read the news before going on the air.C.Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.D.Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.15.A.It shows where advertisements come in.B.It gives a signal for him to slow down.C.It alerts him to something important.D.It serves as a reminder of sad news.Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C).and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A.It gives pleasure to both adults and children.B.It is often carried around by small children.C.It can be found in many parts of the world.D.It was invented by an American Indian.17. A.They were made for earning a living.B.They were delicate geometric figures.C.They were small circus figures made of wire.D.They were collected by a number of museums.18.A.In art.B.In geometry.C.In engineering.D.In circus performance.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A.They offer students a wide variety of courses.B.They attract students from all over the world.C.They admit more students than they can handle.D.They have trouble dealing with overseas students.20. A.Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later.B.A good education contributes to the prosperity of a nation.C.A good education is necessary for one to climb the social ladder.D.Everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential.21. A.He likes students with high motivation.B.He enjoys teaching intelligent students.C.He tailors his teaching to students' needs.D.He treats all his students in a fair manner.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A.It is mostly imported from the Middle East.B.It is a sure indicator of its economic activity.C.It has a direct impact on the international oil market.D.It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day.23. A.It eventually turns into heat.B.It is used in a variety of forms.C.Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution.D.Part of it is lost in the process of transmission.24.A.When it is used in rural areas.B.When it is environment-friendly.C.When it operates at near capacity.D.When it operates at regular times.25.A.Traffic jams in cities.B.Inefficient use of energy.C.Fuel shortage.D.Global warming.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Graphics are used in textbooks as part of the language of the discipline, as in math or economics, or as study aids. Authors use graphic aids to 26 and expand on concepts taken up in the text because graphics are yet another way of portraying relationships and 27 connections.Graphics are used extensively in natural sciences and social sciences. Social scientists work with statistics 28 data, and the best way to present these statistics is often in graphic form. Graphics are included- not merely as a means of making the information easier for the student to grasp, but as an integral part of the way social scientists think. Many textbooks, 29 those in economics, contain appendixes that provide specific information on reading and working with graphic material. Make it a practice to 30 attentively the titles, captions, headings, and other material connected with graphics. These elements 31 andusually explain what you are looking at. When you are examining graphics, the 32 questions to ask are (a.)What is this item about? and (b.)Whatkey idea is the author 33 ?One warning: Unless you integrate your reading of graphics with the text, you may make a wrong assumption. 34 , from a chart indicating that 33 percent of firstborn children in a research sample did not feel close to their fathers, you might assume that some dreadful influence was at work on the firstborn children. However, a careful reading of the text 35 that most of the firstborn children in the sample were from single-parent homes in which the father was absent.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brain andbehavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report says, is particularly 36 to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be 37 .The official policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental 38 have long urged U.S. government agencies to 39 the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency 40 the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care 41, after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now 42 the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report.But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children's brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, it's tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid 43 evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct 44 but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues.Nonetheless, it's smart to 45 caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can't hurt.A.advocates/doc/7a07ad8bad02de80d5d8402d.html pactC.correlationD.exerciseE. facilitiesF. interactionG. investigatingH. overwhelmedI. particlesJ. permanentK. restrictedL. simulatingM. statisticalN. tightenO. vulnerableSection BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. The Impossibility of Rapid Energy Transitions[ A ] Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions. Whether it is a transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants, politicians love to talk big. Unfortunately for them (and often the taxpayers), our energy systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier: they are unbelievably expensive, they are built to last for a very long time, they have a huge amount of inertia ( meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving ), and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion. No matter how hard youtry, you can't turn something that large on a dime ( 10美分硬币), or even a few thousand dimes. [ B ] In physics, moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding the dynamics of energy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to change their state of motion. If you try to push a boulder ( ⼤圆⽯), it pushes you back. Once you have started the boulder rolling, it develops momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity.Momentum is said to be "conserved," that is, once you build it up, it has to go somewhere. So a heavy object, like a football player moving at a high speed, has a lot of momentum-that is, once he is moving, it is hard to change his state of motion. If you want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him, transferring ( possibly painfully) some of his kinetic energy (动能) to your own body, or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.[ C ] But there are other kinds of momentum as well. After all, we don't speak only of objects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum. Whether it's a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relishes having the big momentum, because it makes them harder to stop or change direction.[ D ] One kind of momentum is technological momentum. When a technology is deployed, its impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent (⽩炽灯的) bulb, an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates. The incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms. Today, a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. There are standard-shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-shaped bulbs, and more. It is quite easy, with all that choice, to change a light bulb.[ E ] But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of those specialized bulbs ledto the building of specialized light fixtures, from the desk lamp you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother, to the ceiling fixture in your closet, to the light in your oven or refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points at you. It is easy to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture.[ F ] And there is more to the story, because not only are the devices that house incandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics, but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows.[ G ] As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out, “Generally, there are no bad light sources, only bad applications. " There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL [ compact fluorescent (荧光的) light bulb ], yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明装置) that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied. The lamp, the fixture, and the room, all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users. If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object within that space, the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp, and that fixture with the room. It is a symbiotic (共⽣的) relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out, foggy, and dim. The whole fixture must be replaced-light source and luminaire-and this is never an inexpensive proposition.[ H ] And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting, being the man who illuminated the Statue of Liberty.[ I ]Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes in our energy systems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we are going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20 years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise. That is because the engineers,designers, regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first ( or retrained, if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes time.And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained, they have to be trained in the right sequence. One needs the designers, and perhaps the regulators, before thebuilders and operators, and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation. In some cases, colleges and universities might have to change their training programs,adding another layer of difficulty.[ J ] By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum. The major components of our energy systems, such as fuel production, refining, electrical generation and distribution, are costly installations that have lengthy life spans. They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered. When investors put up money to build, say, a nuclear power plant, they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant, which is typically between 40and 60 years. Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years!The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York's Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.[ K ] As Vaclav Smil points out, "All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner. "[ L ] When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch.from an incandescent to a fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you decide whether their plans are feasible.46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.48. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn't succeed as expected.50. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn't lie in light sources but in their applications.53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C),and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.One hundred years ago, "Colored" was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for "Negro. " By the late 1960s,that term was overtaken by "Black. " And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that "African American" was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as "Italian Americans" and "Irish Americans," that had already beenfreed of widespread discrimination.A century's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term "Black" carried connotations (涵义) that were more negative than those of "African American. "But if it was known that "Black" people were viewed differently from "African Americans,"researchers, until now, hadn't identified what that gap in perception was derived from.A recent study, conducted by Emory University's Erika Hall, found that "Black" people are viewed more negatively.than"African Americans" because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status. As a result,"Black" people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world.Even seemingly harmless details on a resume, it appears, can tap into recruiters' biases. A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the "Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers" or the "National Black Employees Association," the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members' control.In one of the study's experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identified as "African-American," and another was told he was "Black. " With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams's salary,professional standing, and educational background.The "African-American" group estimated that he earned about $ 37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree. The "Black" group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $ 29,000, and guessed that he had only "some" college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr.Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.Hall's findings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use "African American,"though one can't help but get the sense that it's a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois's original, idealistic hope: "It's not the name-it's the Thing that counts. "56.Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term "African American" for people of African descent?57. A.It is free from racial biases.B.It represents social progress.C.It is in the interest of common Americans.D.It follows the standard naming practice.57. What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group ?A.It advances with the times.B.It is based on racial roots.C.It merits intensive study.D.It is politically sensitive.58.What do Erika Hall's findings indicate?A.Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.B.Many applicants don't attend to details on their resumes.C.Job seekers should all be careful- about their affiliations.D.Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.59. What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?A.African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.B.Black people's socioeconomic status in America remains low.C.People's conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.D.One's professional standing and income are related to their educational background.60. What is Dr. Du Bois's ideal?A.All Americans enjoy equal rights.B.A person is judged by their worth.C.A new term is created to address African Americans.D.All ethnic groups share the nation's continued progress.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa.In 2011 they released a landmark study titled"Academically Adrift," which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today's knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students' lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards. Although going to college is supposed to be a Full-time job, students spent, on average, only 12 to 14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partying and socializing.Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she calls the “arty pathway," which eases many students through college, helped-along by various clubs that sendstudents into the party scene and a host of easier majors.By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are"catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others" who won't enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job market isn't kind to candidates who can't demonstrate genuine competence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math and science abilities. College graduates will still fare better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.61. What is Arum and Roksa's finding about higher education in America?A.It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.B.It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.C.It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.D.It has tried hard to satisfy students' various needs.62. What is responsible for the students' lack of higher-level skills?A.The diluted college curriculum.B.The boring classroom activities.C.The absence of rigorous discipline.D.The outdated educational approach.63. What does Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?A.They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.B.They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.C.They seem to be out of touch with society.D.They prioritize non-academic activities.64. What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?。
2015年12月英语六级作文第二套
2015年12月英语六级作文第二套Title: The Impact of Social Media on SocietyIntroduction:Social media has become an integral part of modern society, transforming the way people communicate and share information. This essay will discuss the various impacts of social media on society, including its influence on interpersonal relationships, business marketing, andpolitical engagement.Body:1. Influence on Interpersonal Relationships:In today's digital age, social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have revolutionized the way individuals connect and interact with each other. People can easily stay in touch with friends and family, regardless oftheir geographic location. Additionally, social media provides a platform for individuals to meet new people and expand their social circles. However, excessive use of social media can result in decreased face-to-face interactions and lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness.2. Impact on Business Marketing:Social media has significantly transformed the marketing landscape for businesses. Companies can now directly engage with their target audience, creating brand awareness and promoting products or services. Platforms like Instagram and YouTube have given rise to various influencers who have the power to sway consumer choices. Moreover, social media analytics enable businesses to track consumer behavior and improve their marketing strategies. However, the overreliance on social media marketing can lead to information overload and increased competition.3. Political Engagement:Social media has played a vital role in shaping political conversations and mobilizing people for various causes. It has become a powerful tool for political activism, allowing individuals to voice their opinions, raise awareness, and organize protests or demonstrations. During elections, political candidates utilize social media platforms to connect with voters and disseminate their campaign messages. However, the spread of misinformation and echo chambers on social media can also fuel polarization and hinder constructive political discourse.4. Privacy and Security Concerns:The widespread use of social media has raised concerns over privacy and security. Personal information shared on social media platforms can be easily accessed and exploited by malicious entities. Moreover, the addictive nature of social media can lead to a loss of privacy, as individuals willingly share personal details and activities online. It iscrucial for users to exercise caution and implement privacy settings to protect their data from being misused.Conclusion:The impact of social media on society cannot be disregarded. While it has brought about various positive changes such as improved communication, wide-scale marketing opportunities, and political engagement, it also presents challenges such as the erosion of face-to-face interactions and privacy concerns. Striking a balance between utilizing social media's benefits while minimizing its adverse effectsis essential for a harmonious coexistence in this digital era.。
六级cet620151202
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words．_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C.and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.1. A.She is impatient to learn computer programming.B.She is unaware her operation system is outdated.C.She is unable to use the new computer program.D. She is amazed at the fast change of technology.2.A.He has long been fed up with traveling.B.He prefers to stay home for the holiday.C.He is going out of town for a couple of days.D. He is annoyed by the heavy traffic downtown.3.A.The challenges facing East Asia.B.The location for their new office.C.Their expansion into the overseas marketD. The living expenses in Tokyo and Singapore.4. A.A number of cell phones were found after the last show.B.The woman forgot where she had left her cell phone.C.The woman was very pleased to find her cell phone.D. Reserved tickets could be picked up at the ticket counter.5.A.The building materials will be delivered soon.B.The project is being held up by bad weather.C.The construction schedule may not be met.D. Qualified carpenters are not easy to find.6.A.She is getting very forgetful these days.B.She does not hold on to bitter feelings.C.She resents the way she is treated.D. She never intends to hurt anyone.7.A.The man wants to rent a small apartment.B.The woman has trouble getting a mortgage.C.The woman is moving to a foreign country.D.The man is trying to sell the woman a house.8. A.They are writing a story for the Morning News.B.They are facing great challenges to get re-elected.C.They are launching a campaign to attract women voters.D.They are conducting a survey among the women in town.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.Touch his heart.B.Make him cry.C.Remind him of his life.D.Make him feel young.10. A.He is good at singing operas.B.He enjoys complicated music:C.He can sing any song if he likes it.D.He loves country music in particular.11.A.Go to a bar and drink for hours.B.Go to an isolated place to sing blues.C.Go to see a performance in a concert hall.D.Go to work and wrap himself up in music.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A.How he became an announcer.B.How he writes news stories.C.How he makes his living.D.How he does his job.13.A.They write the first version of news stories.B.They gather news stories on the spot.C.They polish incoming news stories.D.They write comments on major news stories.14. A.Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.B.Having little time to read the news before going on the air.C.Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.D.Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.15.A.It shows where advertisements come in.B.It gives a signal for him to slow down.C.It alerts him to something important.D.It serves as a reminder of sad news.Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C).and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A.It gives pleasure to both adults and children.B.It is often carried around by small children.C.It can be found in many parts of the world.D.It was invented by an American Indian.17. A.They were made for earning a living.B.They were delicate geometric figures.C.They were small circus figures made of wire.D.They were collected by a number of museums.18.A.In art.B.In geometry.C.In engineering.D.In circus performance.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A.They offer students a wide variety of courses.B.They attract students from all over the world.C.They admit more students than they can handle.D.They have trouble dealing with overseas students.20. A.Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later.B.A good education contributes to the prosperity of a nation.C.A good education is necessary for one to climb the social ladder.D.Everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential.21. A.He likes students with high motivation.B.He enjoys teaching intelligent students.C.He tailors his teaching to students' needs.D.He treats all his students in a fair manner.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A.It is mostly imported from the Middle East.B.It is a sure indicator of its economic activity.C.It has a direct impact on the international oil market.D.It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day.23. A.It eventually turns into heat.B.It is used in a variety of forms.C.Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution.D.Part of it is lost in the process of transmission.24.A.When it is used in rural areas.B.When it is environment-friendly.C.When it operates at near capacity.D.When it operates at regular times.25.A.Traffic jams in cities.B.Inefficient use of energy.C.Fuel shortage.D.Global warming.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Graphics are used in textbooks as part of the language of the discipline, as in math or economics, or as study aids. Authors use graphic aids to 26 and expand on concepts taken up in the text because graphics are yet another way of portraying relationships and 27 connections.Graphics are used extensively in natural sciences and social sciences. Social scientists work with statistics 28 data, and the best way to present these statistics is often in graphic form. Graphics are included- not merely as a means of making the information easier for the student to grasp, but as an integral part of the way social scientists think. Many textbooks, 29 those in economics, contain appendixes that provide specific information on reading and working with graphic material.Make it a practice to 30 attentively the titles, captions, headings, and other material connected with graphics. These elements 31 and usually explain what you are looking at. When you are examining graphics, the 32 questions to ask are (a.)What is this item about? and (b.)Whatkey idea is the author 33 ?One warning: Unless you integrate your reading of graphics with the text, you may make a wrong assumption. 34 , from a chart indicating that 33 percent of firstborn children in a research sample did not feel close to their fathers, you might assume that some dreadful influence was at work on the firstborn children. However, a careful reading of the text 35 that most of the firstborn children in the sample were from single-parent homes in which the father was absent.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report says, is particularly 36 to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be 37 .The official policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental 38 have long urged U.S. government agencies to 39 the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency 40 the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care 41, after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now 42 the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report.But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children's brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, it's tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid43 evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Even the Harvard study did not provea direct 44 but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues.Nonetheless, it's smart to 45 caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can't hurt.A.advocatespactC.correlationD.exerciseE. facilitiesF. interactionG. investigatingH. overwhelmedI. particlesJ. permanentK. restrictedL. simulatingM. statisticalN. tightenO. vulnerableSection BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Impossibility of Rapid Energy Transitions[ A ] Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions. Whether it is a transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants, politicians love to talk big. Unfortunately for them (and often the taxpayers), our energy systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier: they are unbelievably expensive, they are built to last for a very long time, they have a huge amount of inertia ( meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving ), and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion. No matter how hard you try, you can't turn something that large on a dime ( 10美分硬币 ), or even a few thousand dimes.[ B ] In physics, moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding the dynamics of energy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to change their state of motion. If you try to push a boulder ( 大圆石 ), it pushes you back. Once you have started the boulder rolling, it develops momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity.Momentum is said to be "conserved," that is, once you build it up, it has to go somewhere. So a heavy object, like a football player moving at a high speed, has a lot of momentum-that is, once he is moving, it is hard to change his state of motion. If you want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him, transferring ( possibly painfully) some of his kinetic energy (动能) to your own body, or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.[ C ] But there are other kinds of momentum as well. After all, we don't speak only of objects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum. Whether it's a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relishes having the big momentum, because it makes them harder to stop or change direction. [ D ] One kind of momentum is technological momentum. When a technology is deployed, its impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent (白炽灯的) bulb, an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates. The incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms. Today, a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. There are standard-shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-shaped bulbs, and more. It is quite easy, with all that choice, to change a light bulb.[ E ] But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of those specialized bulbs ledto the building of specialized light fixtures, from the desk lamp you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother, to the ceiling fixture in your closet, to the light in your oven or refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points at you. It is easy to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture. [ F ] And there is more to the story, because not only are the devices that houseincandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics, but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows.[ G ] As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out, “ Generally, there are no bad light sources, only bad applications. " There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL [ compact fluorescent (荧光的) light bulb ], yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明装置 ) that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied. The lamp, the fixture, and the room, all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users. If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object within that space, the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp, and that fixture with the room. It is a symbiotic (共生的) relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out, foggy, and dim. The whole fixture must be replaced-light source and luminaire-and this is never an inexpensive proposition.[ H ] And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting, being the man who illuminated the Statue of Liberty.[ I ]Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes in our energy systems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we are going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20 years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise. That is because the engineers,designers, regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first ( or retrained, if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes time.And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained, they have to be trained in the right sequence. One needs the designers, and perhaps the regulators, before the builders and operators, and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation. In some cases, colleges and universities might have to change their training programs, adding another layer of difficulty.[ J ] By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum. The major components of our energy systems, such as fuel production, refining, electrical generation and distribution, are costly installations that have lengthy life spans. They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered. When investors put up money to build, say, a nuclear power plant, they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant, which is typically between 40and 60 years. Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years! The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York's Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898. [ K ] As Vaclav Smil points out, "All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought thetransitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner. "[ L ] When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch.from an incandescent to a fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you decide whether their plans are feasible.46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.48. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn't succeed as expected.50. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn't lie in light sources but in their applications.53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C),and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.One hundred years ago, "Colored" was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for "Negro. " By the late 1960s,that term was overtaken by "Black. " And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that "African American" was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as "Italian Americans" and "Irish Americans," that had already beenfreed of widespread discrimination.A century's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term "Black" carried connotations (涵义) that were more negative than those of "African American. "But if it was known that "Black" people were viewed differently from "African Americans,"researchers, until now, hadn't identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by Emory University's Erika Hall, found that "Black" people are viewed more negatively.than "African Americans" because ofa perceived difference in socioeconomic status. As a result,"Black" people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world.Even seemingly harmless details on a resume, it appears, can tap into recruiters' biases. A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the "Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers" or the "National Black Employees Association," the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members' control.In one of the study's experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identified as "African-American," and another was told he was "Black. " With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams's salary,professional standing, and educational background.The "African-American" group estimated that he earned about $ 37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree. The "Black" group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $ 29,000, and guessed that he had only "some" college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr.Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.Hall's findings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use "African American,"though one can't help but get the sense that it's a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois's original, idealistic hope: "It's not the name-it's the Thing that counts. "56.Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term "African American" for people of African descent?57. A.It is free from racial biases.B.It represents social progress.C.It is in the interest of common Americans.D.It follows the standard naming practice.57. What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group ?A.It advances with the times.B.It is based on racial roots.C.It merits intensive study.D.It is politically sensitive.58.What do Erika Hall's findings indicate?A.Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.B.Many applicants don't attend to details on their resumes.C.Job seekers should all be careful- about their affiliations.D.Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.59. What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?A.African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.B.Black people's socioeconomic status in America remains low.C.People's conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.D.One's professional standing and income are related to their educational background.60. What is Dr. Du Bois's ideal?A.All Americans enjoy equal rights.B.A person is judged by their worth.C.A new term is created to address African Americans.D.All ethnic groups share the nation's continued progress.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa.In 2011 they released a landmark study titled"Academically Adrift," which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today's knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students' lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards. Although going to college is supposed to be a Full-time job, students spent, on average, only 12 to14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doinga significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partying and socializing.Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she calls the “arty pathway," which eases many students through college, helped-along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors.By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are"catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others" who won't enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job market isn't kind to candidates who can't demonstrate genuine competence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math and science abilities. College graduates will still fare better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have beencoasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.61. What is Arum and Roksa's finding about higher education in America?A.It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.B.It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.C.It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.D.It has tried hard to satisfy students' various needs.62. What is responsible for the students' lack of higher-level skills?A.The diluted college curriculum.B.The boring classroom activities.C.The absence of rigorous discipline.D.The outdated educational approach.63. What does Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?A.They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.B.They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.C.They seem to be out of touch with society.D.They prioritize non-academic activities.64. What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?A.They tend to have a sense of superiority over their peers.B.They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves.C.They spend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses.D.They can climb the social ladder even without a degree.65. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?A.American higher education has lost its global competitiveness.B.People should not expect too much from American higher education.C. The current situation in American higher education may not last long.D.It will take a long time to change the current trend in higher education. Part IVTranslation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you .are allowed 30,minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。
2015年12月英语六级真题卷第二套(含答案)
【作文】Direction：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the harm caused by misleading information online. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part IV TranslationDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。
中国现在涉足建造高速列车，远洋船舶，机器人，甚至飞机。
不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚建造一条高铁的合同：中国还与马拉西亚签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。
这证明人们信赖中国造产品。
中国造产品越来越受欢迎。
中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。
这是一件好事，值得称赞。
下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。
很有可能这件商品是中国造的。
参考范文：As is vividly depicted in the picture, there is a man sitting in front of the computer, searching information from the Internet worriedly, with a woman taking a cup of coffee at the door to refresh him.Furthermore, there is a caption under the picture, which reads “I just feel unfortunate to live in a world with so much misleading information”.Simple as the picture is, the meaning is thought-provoking.For one thing, the Internet has offered us great convenience. For instance, we can get knowledge about almost all aspects from the Internet without going out. For another, with so much information on the Internet, it is difficult for us to distinguish the true information from the misleading one. And if we believed the misleading information, we might suffer from great loss. Because the misleading information may get people into bad habits, even make them commit crimes.Judging from the reams of evidence, it is safe for us to conclude that misleading information is a dangerous obstacle gripping economic prosperity and social progress. Only if we are sure that the information on the Internet is true, can we live in a harmonious society.短对话答案1. BA) the woman should mix the ingredients thoroughlyB) the dressing makes the mixed salad very invitingC) the restaurant is known for its food varietiesD) the restaurant offers some special cash today2. DA) he took over the firm from MaryB) he is opening a new consulting firmC) he failed to foresee major problemsD) he is running a successful business3. BA) the printer in the office has run out of paperB) the man may find the supplies in the cabinetC) the man can leave the discs in the office cabinetD) someone should be put in charge of office supplies4. DA) the woman can use his glasses to readB) he has the dictionary the woman wantsC) the dictionary is not of much help to himD) he has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly5. CA) seeking professional adviceB) adding some office furnitureC) redecorating her officeD)majoring in interior design6. AA) shortage of container shipsB) improvement of port facilitiesC) delayed shipment of goodsD) problems in port management7. AA) a colleagueB) their bossC) their workloadD) a coffee machine8. CA) call the hotel manager for helpB) get an expert to correct the errorC) hold the banquet at a different placeD) postpone the event until a later date长对话答案：9. DA) he cooks dinner for the family occasionallyB) he dines out from time to time with friendsC) he shares some of the household dutiesD) he often goes back home late for dinner10. DA) to take him to dinnerB) to discuss an urgent problemC) to talk about a budget planD) to pass on an important message11. CA) foreign investors are losing confidence in India’s economyB) Many multinational enterprises are withdraw from IndiaC) there is a sharp increase in India’s balance of payment deficitD) there are wild fluctuations in the international money market12. DA) they try to adapt to their changing rolesB) they form a more realistic picture of lifeC) they may not be prepared for a lifelong relationshipD) they have unrealistic expectations about the other half13. AA) he is lucky to be able to do what he lovesB) he is able to meet many interesting peopleC) he is able to forget all the trouble in his lifeD) he is lucky to have visited many exotic people14. CA) it is stressfulB) it is full of funC) it is all glamourD) it is challenging15. DA) amazedB) botheredC) puzzledD) excited短文答案16. CA) Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organizationB) Follow closely the fast development of technologyC) Learn new ways of relating and working togetherD) Maintain the traditional organizational culture17. CA) How the team is built to keep improving its performanceB) What type of personnel the team should be composed of.C) How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serveD) What qualifications team members should be equipped with.18. DA) A team manager must set very clear and high objectivesB) Teams must consist of members from different cultures.C) Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.D) A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.19. AA) It is allowing people to share information on the WebB) It started off as a successful program but was unable to last longC) It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text.D) It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of 111linois20. BA) He visited a number of famous computer scientists.B) He met with an entrepreneur named Jim ClarkC) He invested in a leading computer business.D) He sold a program developed by his friends.21. BA) They trusted his computer expertise.B) They had confidence in his new ideas.C) They were very keen on new technology.D) They believed in his business connections.22 AA) word-of-mouth advertisingB) Distributing free trial products.C) Prestige advertising.D) Institutional advertising23 DA) To sell a particular product.B) To attract high-end customersC) To promote a specific service.D) To build up their reputation.24 DA) By creating their own ads and commercials.B) By buying media space in leading newspapers.C) By hiring their own professional advertising staff.D)By using the services of large advertising agencies.25 CA) Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needsB) specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.C) pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.D) Decide on what specific means of communication to employ.短文听写答案Extinction is a difficult concept to grasp. It is an 26 _eternal____ concept. It’s not at all like the killing of individuals lifeforms that can be renewed through normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply 27 _diminishing____ numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be found. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedies by some supernatural power. IT is rather an 28 __absolute____ and final act for which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinctis gone forever. However many generations 29___succeed__ us in coming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish.Not only are we bring about the extinction of life 30 _on a vast scale___, we are also making the land and the air and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed. 31__As regards___ basic natural resources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being 32_used up____ in a frenzy(疯狂) of processing, consuming , and 33_disposing____, but we are also ruining much of our renewable resources, such as the very soil itself on which terrestrial(地球上的) life depends.The change that is taking place on earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural34__modification______, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychological order of 35__magnitude___36 O vulnerable37 J permanent38A advocates39N tighten40K restricted41E facilities42G investigating43M statistical44C correlation45D exerciseThe impossibility of rapid energy transitions46. 【C】 After all, we don’t speak only of…47. 【I】 That is because the engineers, designers48. 【E】 It is easy change the a light bulb, but it is harder…49. 【K】 have failed so miserably…50. 【G】 The whole fixture must be replaced — light source and laminate —is never inexpensive51. 【A】 our systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier….52. 【G】 Generally, there are no bad light sources, only bad applications53. 【J】 They have to operate for a long period of time…54. 【D】 it’s impact reach for beyond itself…55. 【B】 moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding of …Passage One56. A) It is free from racial biases.57. D) It is politically sensitive.58. A) Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.59. C) People’s conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.60. D) All ethnic groups share the nation’s continued progress.Passage Two61. B) It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.62. A) The diluted college curriculum.63. D) They prioritize non-academic activities.64. D) They can climb the social ladder even without a degree.65. C) The current situation in American higher education may not last long.在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。
2015年12月英语六级作文第二套
Title: The Evolution of Technology and Its Impact on Modern SocietyIn the rapidly evolving landscape of technology, the impact on modern society is profound and multifaceted. The digital revolution, particularly in the past decade, has transformed the way we communicate, learn, work, and entertain ourselves. This transformation is not without its challenges, but it also presents unprecedentedopportunities for growth and progress.One of the most significant impacts of technology is the way it has revolutionized communication. The advent of smartphones, social media, and instant messaging has madeit possible for people to stay connected with friends and family across the globe at any given moment. This has not only made the world feel smaller but has also fostered a culture of instant gratification and constant updates. However, this constant connectivity has also led to issues such as addiction to digital devices and the blurring of personal and professional boundaries.Technology has also had a significant impact on the way we learn. The rise of online courses, MOOCs (Massive OpenOnline Courses), and digital libraries has made education more accessible and flexible. Students can now learn from anywhere in the world, at any time, and at their own pace. This has opened up new opportunities for those who may not have had access to traditional education systems. However, the digital divide remains a challenge, with many still lacking the necessary infrastructure and resources to fully benefit from these advancements.In the workplace, technology has transformed the nature of jobs and the way we work. Automation and AI have made many tasks faster and more efficient, freeing up time for workers to focus on more complex and creative tasks. Remote work has become increasingly common, allowing for greater flexibility and a more distributed workforce. However, this has also led to concerns about job displacement and the need for workers to continually upskill and reskill to keep up with the pace of technological change.Moreover, technology has significantly altered our entertainment habits. Streaming services have replaced physical media, providing access to a vast array of movies, TV shows, and music at the fingertips. Gaming has alsoevolved, with immersive virtual reality experiences that blur the lines between reality and fiction. However, these advancements have also raised concerns about the impact of excessive screen time on mental health and well-being.Despite these challenges, the evolution of technology continues to present new opportunities for society. The Internet of Things (IoT) is connecting devices and systems in ways that promise to make our lives more convenient and efficient. Advances in healthcare technology are enabling earlier diagnosis and more personalized treatment options. Green technologies are helping us to address environmental challenges and reduce our carbon footprint.In conclusion, the impact of technology on modern society is vast and complex. It has revolutionized communication, learning, work, and entertainment, while also posing new challenges and opportunities. As we continue to navigate this digital age, it is crucial that we remain mindful of the potential downsides and strive to harness the power of technology for the benefit of all.**科技演变及其对现代社会的影响**在科技迅速发展的今天，它对现代社会的影响既深远又多面。
2015年12月6级作文
2015年12月6级作文英文回答：In my opinion, learning a second language is extremely beneficial for individuals. First and foremost, it opens up a whole new world of opportunities. With the increasing globalization, the ability to communicate in more than one language is highly valued by employers. For example, many multinational companies require employees who can speak multiple languages to effectively communicate with clients and colleagues from different countries. Additionally, knowing a second language can also enhance one's cultural understanding and appreciation. By learning another language, individuals are able to gain insights into different cultures, traditions, and ways of thinking. This can foster tolerance and empathy towards people from diverse backgrounds.Moreover, learning a second language can greatly improve cognitive skills. Studies have shown that bilingualindividuals have better problem-solving and critical-thinking abilities compared to monolingual individuals. This is because learning a new language involves complex mental processes such as memory, attention, and problem-solving. For instance, when learning grammar rules and vocabulary, individuals need to constantly switch between different linguistic systems, which can enhance their cognitive flexibility. Additionally, being bilingual can also delay the onset of age-related cognitive decline and reduce the risk of developing dementia.Furthermore, learning a second language can provide personal enrichment and broaden one's horizons. By being able to communicate with people from different linguistic backgrounds, individuals can form meaningful connections and build friendships with people from all over the world. This can lead to a greater sense of belonging and fulfillment. Moreover, learning a second language can also enable individuals to access a wider range of literature, music, movies, and other forms of cultural expression. For example, being able to read a novel or watch a movie in its original language can provide a deeper understanding andappreciation of the work.中文回答：在我看来，学习第二语言对个人来说是非常有益的。
2015年12月英语六级作文范文(卷二有道版)
大学英语四六级考试/备考辅导2015年12月英语六级作文范文（卷二有道版）2015年12月英语六级作文范文（卷二有道版）六级作文信息技术版参考范文For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below。
You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology。
You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。
第一段：描述漫画内容。
强调网络信息对我们生活的影响。
第二段：阐述网络信息技术找寻信息的弊端。
第三段：得出结论。
The picture describes a conversation among several people，one of them complains：“we havelots of information technology;we just don’thave much useful information。
” It is safe to figure out that our lives are full of information technology，but weare supposed to have the ability to distinguish the useful ones from theuseless ones。
The human beings are stepping into theinformation society。
The information industry develops very rapidly，so does theinformation technology。
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2015年12月 六级 第2套 范文，原文，解析，译文Part I Writing 范文：Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picturebelow. You should focus on the harm caused by misleading information online. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.“I just feel unfortunate to live in a world with so much misleading information!”It is shown in the picture that a man is expressing his concern about misleading information online, saying “I just feel uncomfortable to live in a world with so much misleading information!” Indeed, with the advent of information era, misleading information finds its way onto the Internet, which has caused great harm to the society.As the world advances triumphantly into the information age, what people did not anticipate is that the Internet, a tool deemed by many as the greatest invention ever, provides notorious assistance for misleading information. A college student who died recently may well serve as a good example. The student was suffering from a severe illness, for which he should have sought the help of professional doctors. However, not aware of the nature of the information online, he logged in to search for help, and ended up finding an illegal hospital, where he died of medical negligence .It is crystal clear that the Internet, with so much misleading information, is not a safe tool we should rely on. And measures should be taken to put this situation under control. Part Ⅱ Listening Section AConversation OneM: Hello, Jane.W: Hello, Paul.M: Please come in. I'm just getting ready to go home. Susan is expecting me for dinner. I wanted to be on time for a change.W: Look, I'm terribly sorry to drop in at this time on Friday, Paul, but it is rather important.M: That's OK. What's the problem?W: Well, Paul, I won't keep you long. You see there is a problem with the exchange rates. The Indian Rupee has taken a fall on the foreign exchange market. You see there has been a sharp increase in Indian's balance of payment deficit.M: I see. That's serious, isn't it?W: Well, as you know, there have been reports of unrest India, and the prospects for the Rupee look pretty gloomy.M: And that's going to affect us, as if we didn't have enough problems on our hands.W: So I thought it would be wise to take out forward exchange cover to protect our position on the outstanding contracts.M: Just a minute. Forward exchange cover? Now what does that mean exactly?W: Well, it means that JO Motors enters into a commitment to sell Indian Rupees at the present rate.M: I see. And how will that benefit us?W: Well, JO Motors won't lose out if the Indian Rupee falls further.M: What will it cost, Jane?W: A small percentage, about 1% and that can be built into the price of the bike.M: Well, I don't suppose there is much choice. All right, Jane, let's put it into action.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Question 1. What do we learn about the man's daily life?Question 2. Why did the woman come to see the man?Question 3. What makes the woman worry about the Indian Rupee?Conversation TwoW: Charles, among other things, you are regarded as one of the America's great masters of the Blues- a musical idiom does essentially about loss, particularly the loss of romantic love. Why does love die?M: People often get into love affairs because they have unrealistic expectations about somebody. Then when the person doesn't turn out to be who they thought he or she was, they start thinking “maybe I can change him or her.” That kind of thinking is a mistake. Because when the dust settles, people are going to be pretty much what they are. It's a rare thing for anybody to be able to change who they really are. And this creates a lot of problems.W: At 62, you continue to spend a large percentage of your life touring. What appeals to you about life on the road?M: Music. I don't especially love life on the road. But I figure if you are lucky enough to be able to do what you truly love doing, you've got the ultimate in life.W: What's the most widely-held misconception about the life of a famous musician?M: People think it's all glamour. Actually we have the same trouble as they do. Playing music doesn't mean life treats you any better.W: How do you feel about being recognized everywhere you go?M: You'd think I'd be used to it by now. But I still find it fascinating. You go to a little town in Japan, where nobody speaks English, yet they know you on site and know all your music. I'm still amazed by the love people express for me and by music.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Question 5. What does the man say about most people when they get into love affairs?Question 6. What does the man say about himself as a singer on the road most of his life?Question 7. What do most people think of the life of a famous musician?Question 8. How does the man feel whenever he is recognized by his fans?Section BPassage OneChanging technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscore the need for better coordination in organizations. Team management provides for this coordination. Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully realized. Although a team may be composed of knowledgeable people, they must learn new ways of relating and working together to solve cross-functional problems. When teams consist of experienced employees from hierarchical organizations who have been conditioned to traditional organizational culture, cooperation may not occur naturally. It may need to be created. Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization or society that it supposedly serves. A group of individuals is not automatically a team. Therefore, team building may be necessary in order to improve the group's performance. Casey, an expert in this field, suggests that the cooperation process within teams must be organized, promoted and managed. He believes that team corporation results when members go beyond their individual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together, the team may then produce something new, unique and superior to that of any one member. For this to happen, he suggests the multi-cultural managers exhibit understanding of their own and other's cultural influences and limitations. They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity, persistence and patience, as well as assertedness. If a team manager exemplifies such qualities, then the team as a whole would be better able to realize their potential and achieve their objectives.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 9. What should team members do to fully realize their potential?Question 10. What needs to be considered for effective team management?Question 11. What conclusion can we draw from what Casey says?Passage TwoAdvertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services and attempts to persuade them to buy them.The best form of advertising is probably word-of-mouth advertising which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services rely on this alone, but use paid advertising instead. Indeed many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products. Although large companies could easily set up their own advertising departments, write their own advertisements and buy media space themselves, they tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likely to have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than a single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfied company to give its account to another agency than it would be to fire its own advertising staff. The client company generally gives the advertising agency an agreed budget, a statement of the objectives of the advertising campaign, known as a brief and an overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisements and develops a media plan, specifying which media will be used and in which proportions. Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that are pre-tested in newspapers, television stations, etc. , in different parts of the country before a final choice is made prior to a national campaign.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 12. What is probably the best form of advertising according to the speaker?Question 13. What does the speaker say is the purpose of many organizations' using prestige advertising? Question 14. How do large companies generally handle their advertising?Question 15. What would advertising agencies often do before a national campaign?Section CRecording 1Hi, today we are gonna talk about blood donations. There is a great need for blood donations around the world, and you can be the means of saving lives. According to the American Red Cross, over 40,000 blood donations are needed every single day in the United States alone, and without the help of volunteers like you, it is impossible to fill this need. About 9.2 million people donate every year in the US, and although approximately 38% of the population is eligible to donate, less than 10% of them actually do.There are four types of transfusable products that can be derived from blood: red cells, platelets, plasma and cryoprecipitate. Typically, two or three of these are produced from a pint of donated whole blood — hence each donation can help save up to three lives.Donors can give either whole blood or specific blood components only. The process of donating specific blood components — red cells, plasma or platelets — is called apheresis. One transfusion dose of platelets can be obtained through one apheresis donation of platelets or by combining the platelets derived from five whole blood donations.Most donated red blood cells must be used within 42 days of collection. Donated platelets must be used within five days of collection — new donations are constantly needed. Plasma and cryoprecipitate are stored in frozen state and can be used for up to one year after collection. Healthy bone marrow makes a constant supply of red cells, plasma and platelets. The body will replenish the elements given during a blood donation — some in a matter of hours and others in a matter of weeks.Sometimes people don’t donate out of fear, but the process is relatively simple following a four-step process: registering, getting your medical history checked, donating, and having some refreshments, like food and drink that you are given right after you donate to replenish your fluids and energy. And once you donate, you have the ability to donate red blood cells every 56 days. So, carefully consider becoming a donor. The number one reason donors say they give blood is because they “want to help others.” And it is true that you can save lives.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.Q16. How many blood donations are needed every day in the United States?Q17. According to the speaker, why don’t some people donate blood?Q18. How often can people donate blood?Recording 2Premature babies have more than their share of health problems early in life and now a new study finds they also face an increased risk of premature death well into adulthood.Premature babies are more common now than they were a few decades ago in the United States and many other countries, and medical advances mean that even very premature babies are more likely to survive. But does early birth have an impact on health when those babies grow up?To find out, Stanford University researcher Dr. Casey Crump and his colleagues used a database of 670,000 people born in Sweden in the 1970s. “We found that people who were born preterm had a higher risk of dying in young adulthood than those who were born full-term,” Crump says, “And that risk of mortality increased the earlier in pregnancy that one was born.” Even a baby born just a couple of weeks early had an increased risk of death decades later.That premature babies have a higher death rate in the first years of life is not surprising, but Crump says it had been thought that the risk decreased as the child got older. Crump says, “We found that that was true, at least in late childhood and adolescence. However, in young adulthood, an increased risk of mortality reemerged. And that was due to various causes, including respiratory and endocrine and heart disease — conditions that may have cumulative health effects that don’t manifest until young adulthood.”A few years ago, a study published by the World Health Organization estimated that, globally, 10 percent of babies were born prematurely. Crump says the findings of his study underscore the need to reduce the number of preterm births. He says, “It’s extremely important for pregnant women to have regular prenatal care to reduce their risk of delivering preterm. And also, for survivors of preterm births, they should avoid other risk factors for disease, like smoking or obesity, in order to offset the increased risk that we found.” Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.Q19. What has a new study found about premature babies in adulthood?Q20. Who used the database of Sweden people in their research?Q21. According to the speaker , what fact is not surprising about premature babies?Q22. What does the speaker suggest survivors of premature births do to live longer?Recording 3Every year, Auburn University sends a new outstanding pool of graduates into society. Many of these alums become some of the brightest and blessed employees — senior executives, business owners, entrepreneurs, leaders in their fields. One such alumnus is with us today as our commencement speaker.Tim Cook graduated from Auburn in 1982 with a degree of Industrial Engineering. Since that time, his drive and ingenuity have led him to become one of the top executives in the country.Chief Operating Officer, for Apple Incorporation. Mr. Cook has been on the forefront of this revolutionary company in an ever-changing industry, impacting lives of billions of people across the world. Graduates, so I wanna ask you a question: How many of you own or have ever owned an iPad, an iPod, an iPhone or an iMac? I want a hand. The decisions that Mr. Cook makes as part of Apple’s leadership determines the success of Apple’s worldwide sales and operations. I would say you’ve made good decisions, Mr. Cook.He not only motivates and inspires his fellow employees, but he’s been known to show his Auburn pride and spirit around Apple headquarters. Mr. Cook has sat where you are sitting today. He knows the importance of a good education. And he believes in giving back to his Alma mater so that future students can also fulfill their dreams. Please welcome with me Auburn’s honored alumnus — Tim Cook.Thank you for that nice reception and thank you Virginia for the incredible introduction. I thought some of them were about somebody else. It’s a tremendous honor and a privilege for me to be here with all of you, tobe back to a place that really feels like home to me and to be back to a place that brings back so many fond memories. Auburn has played a key role in my life and continues to mean a lot to me as anyone who comes in my office at Apple or my home in Palo Alto instantly discovers…Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.Q23. Who will be the commencement speaker today?Q24. What can be learned about the commencement speaker?Q25. What did Mr. Cook say about Auburn University? Part Ⅲ Reading 选词填空26题解析：空格处在定语从句中作谓语，先行词culture是单数，因此应填入动词第三人称单数。