英语句子的平行结构
平行结构的英语句子列举
平行结构的英语句子列举一般来说，英语平行结构有单词平行、短语平行以及从句平行这几种形式。
(1）单词平行由单词组成的平行结构使用一组词性相同、意义相关、语气一至、的词来说明一个对象，这些单词可能是名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词等。
比如丘吉尔有一句名言：I have nothing to offer but blood , toil , tears and sweat .blood , toil , tears , sweat 这几个名词构成了并列成分，使得句子读起来更有气势，更有感染力。
又比如奥巴马就职演讲中有这样一句话：Time and again , these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life .句子中 struggled , sacrificed ,worked 这三个并列的单词也组成了平行结构。
(2）短语平行短语的平行结构包括名词短语、动词短语以及介词短语°等，比如下面这个例子：They understood that our power alone cannot protect us ,nor does it entitle us to do as we please . Instead , they knew that our power grows through its prudent use . Our security emanates from the justness of our cause ; the force of our example ; the tempering qualities of humility and restraint .句子中加粗部分 the justness of our cause , the force of our example , the tempering qualities of humility and restraint 共同结构是 the XX of …它们构成了短语平行结构，使得句子更加有节奏感。
英语句子结构背后的逻辑
英语句子结构背后的逻辑
1. 主谓一致性：英语句子中的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
这意味着主语是单数形式，谓语也应该是单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也应该是复数形式。
2. 时态一致性：句子中的动词时态需要与句子所表达的时间相一致。
例如，如果句子描述的是过去发生的事情，那么动词应该使用过去时态。
3. 语序：英语句子的基本语序是主语+谓语+宾语。
然而，在某些情况下，为了强调或修辞目的，语序可能会有所改变。
4. 主从复合句：英语中常使用主从复合句来表达复杂的关系。
主从复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成，从句通过连接词与主句连接。
5. 平行结构：平行结构要求在句子中相似的成分保持一致的形式。
这包括形容词、副词、动词、短语等的平行使用。
6. 逻辑连接词：为了使句子之间的逻辑关系更加清晰，英语中使用了大量的逻辑连接词，如"and"、"but"、"because"、"although"等。
理解和应用这些逻辑规则有助于我们正确地构建英语句子，提高我们的英语表达能力。
同时，这也有助于我们更好地理解和分析英语文章中的句子结构。
英语平行结构（parallelism）
英语平行结构(parallelism)一、平行结构的定义平行结构指的是相同的语法结构，它要求有同等重要的思想、概念，并列的句子成分要用同类的语法形式来表达，要用并列连词连接。
平行结构是一种修辞手法，它可以使句子前后保持平衡和协调，从而增加语言的连贯性。
新牛津英语词典将平行结构定义为：“the use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose which correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc.”，(“在诗歌或者散文中，连续运用在语法结构、发音、韵律和意义等方面相似的语言结构。
”) 它可以很简单，如单个的词和词组，也可以很复杂，如完整的句子；它要求词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子一一对应，例如：The child was pretty and intelligent.You can go there on foot, by bus or by train.It is important to know how to study and to learn how to plan one’s time.The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and that they should do some warm-up exercises before the game.二、使用平行结构的注意点平行结构常常使用并列连词，如and, but, as well as， or, or else， neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also, not...but等。
平行结构在英语写作中的应用
平行结构(parallelism)是英语中最常用的修辞格之一，广泛用于诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧、演讲中。
平行结构就是把两个或两个以上结构相同或相似、意义相关、语气一致的词、词组或句子排列成串，形成一个整体。
它不仅表现一组句子里字形的建筑美、形式美；表现语音的节奏美、和谐美、音乐美，而且还表现语义的同中有异、异中有同。
它是使用部分重复的办法将文字的音、形、义都调动起来以表现句型美的一种修辞格。
平行结构不仅能增强语言的表现力、吸引力、感染力，使之易于朗诵、歌唱、记忆、流传，而且具有结构整齐、节奏鲜明、表达简练、语义突出的特点，能有效地增强语势，表达强烈的感情，说明深刻的道理，因而广泛地应用在多种文体之中。
本文将简要分析平行结构的类型和英语写作中运用平行结构的修辞效果。
一、平行结构的类型Parallelism的构成可体现于各个语言层次，如单词、短语、从句、句子、段落等，平行结构按其语言组织形式可分为以下五种：1.单词平行。
它由单个形容词、名词和动词等词排列而成。
例如：(a)This attitude results in a nation of people com mitted to research，experimenting and exploring. 这种态度造就了一个决心投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。
(b)An Englishman thinks seated；a Frenchman，standi ng；an American，pacing；an Irishman，after-ward. 英国人坐着想，法国人站着想，美国人走着想，爱尔兰人事后想。
2.短语平行。
它是由介词短语、动词短语、分词短语、不定式短语等词组并列而成，例如：(a)Studies serve for delight，for ornament，and for ability.(Francis Bacon：Of Studies)读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。
英语句子平行结构的四种类型
英语句子平行结构的四种类型Parallel structure, also known as parallelism, is an important grammatical concept in the English language. It refers to the use of similar grammatical structures or forms in a sentence or series of sentences for the purpose of creating balance, emphasis, and clarity. There are four main types of parallel structure in English, each with its own unique features and usage. In this article, we will take a closer look at each of these types, including examples and explanations.1. Parallelism with coordinating conjunctionsThe first type of parallel structure is parallelism with coordinating conjunctions, such as "and, or, but." This type of parallelism involves using similar grammatical structures on either side of the coordinating conjunction. For example, take a look at the following sentence:She likes to sing, dance, and play the guitar.This sentence demonstrates parallelism with coordinating conjunctions, as each of the three verbs (sing, dance, play) are in the same form (infinitive) and separated by a coordinating conjunction (and). This type of parallelism is often used to create a list of items or actions, and canadd emphasis and clarity to the sentence.Another example of parallelism with coordinating conjunctions is:He is not only intelligent, but also kind and compassionate.In this example, the parallel structure is created by the use of two coordinating conjunctions (not only/but also) and the use of similar adjectives to describe the subject (intelligent, kind, compassionate). This type of parallelism is often used to show a relationship between two contrasting or complementary ideas.2. Parallelism with correlative conjunctionsThe second type of parallel structure is parallelism with correlative conjunctions, which are pairs of words that connect two elements of a sentence. Examples of correlative conjunctions include "either/or, neither/nor, both/and." Similar to parallelism with coordinating conjunctions, parallelism with correlative conjunctions involves using similar grammatical structures on either side of the correlative conjunction. For example:Either you can come with me to the movie, or you can stay home and watch TV.In this sentence, the parallel structure is created by the use of two similar verb phrases (can come/stay home and watch) separated by the correlative conjunction "either/or." This type of parallelism is often used to present two contrasting choices or options.Another example of parallelism with correlative conjunctions is:Both the sky and the ocean were a beautiful shade of blue.In this example, the parallel structure is created by the use of two similar nouns (sky/ocean) separated by the correlative conjunction "both/and." This type of parallelism is often used to show a connection or similarity between two elements of a sentence.3. Parallelism with comparisonsThe third type of parallel structure is parallelism with comparisons, which involves comparing two or more elements of a sentence using similar grammatical structures. For example:John is taller than his brother, faster than his friend, and smarter than his classmates.In this sentence, the parallel structure is created by the use of three similar comparative adjectives (taller/faster/smarter) and the use of the word "than" to connect the elements being compared. This type of parallelism is often used to make multiple comparisons in a sentence, and can add emphasis and clarity to the comparison.Another example of parallelism with comparisons is:The new product is not only cheaper, but also more efficient than the previous model.In this example, the parallel structure is created by the use of two comparative adjectives (cheaper/more efficient) and the use of the word "than" to connect the elements being compared. This type of parallelism is often used to make a comparison between two contrasting or complementary ideas.4. Parallelism with infinitivesThe fourth and final type of parallel structure is parallelism with infinitives, which involves using similar infinitive phrases in a sentence. For example:She loved to read, write, and draw.In this sentence, the parallel structure is created by the use of three similar infinitive phrases (to read/to write/to draw). This type of parallelism is often used to create a list of actions or activities, and can add emphasis and clarity to the sentence.Another example of parallelism with infinitives is:The goal of the project was to improve efficiency, reduce waste, and increase productivity.In this example, the parallel structure is created by the use of three similar infinitive phrases (to improve/to reduce/to increase) used to describe the goal of the project. This type of parallelism is often used to present a series of goals or objectives.In conclusion, parallel structure is an important grammatical concept in the English language. There are four main types of parallel structure: parallelism with coordinating conjunctions, parallelism with correlative conjunctions, parallelism with comparisons, and parallelism with infinitives. Each type of parallelism can be used to create balance, emphasis, and clarity in a sentence, and can help make your writing more effective and engaging.。
英语中的平行结构
英语中的平行结构平行结构是指在句子或短语中使用相同的语法结构来表达相似的意思或重复的内容。
它可以通过使用平行的词、短语或从句来实现。
平行结构在英语中常用于修饰性词组、并列连词的使用等。
以下是一些常见的平行结构的例子：1. 平行的词：- She likes to swim, run, and play tennis.（她喜欢游泳、跑步和打网球。
）- He is a talented actor, singer, and dancer.（他是一个有才华的演员、歌手和舞者。
）2. 平行的短语：- They went hiking in the mountains, swimming in the lake, and camping in the forest.（他们去山里徒步旅行，在湖中游泳，在森林里露营。
）- The company focuses on innovation, quality, and customer satisfaction.（公司专注于创新、质量和客户满意度。
）3. 平行的从句：- She said that she would study hard, work diligently, and achieve her goals.（她说她会努力学习、勤奋工作并实现她的目标。
）- They are trying to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and increase productivity.（他们正在努力提高效率、降低成本并增加生产力。
）平行结构不仅可以使句子结构更加平衡，还可以强调相关的信息，使得表达更加清晰和有力。
在使用平行结构时，需要确保使用相同的语法形式或模式，并保持一致性和逻辑连贯性。
全国高考英语中的并列平行结构
全国高考英语中的并列平行结构平行结构是指在句子中使用相同的结构形式进行并列表达，以增强句子的表达力和语言的连贯性。
在全国高考英语考试中，平行结构经常出现在作文和阅读理解等题型中。
下面是一些常见的并列平行结构的例子，供参考：1.并列的动词短语：- They work hard and play hard.（他们工作努力，玩得痛快。
）- He came, he saw, and he conquered.（他来了，他看到了，他征服了。
）- She danced, sang, and laughed.（她跳舞、唱歌、大笑。
）2.并列的形容词短语：- The book is interesting, informative, and well-written.（这本书有趣、信息丰富、写得好。
）- He is tall, handsome, and intelligent.（他又高又帅又聪明。
）3.并列的副词短语：- She plays the piano skillfully and gracefully.（她演奏钢琴技巧娴熟、优雅。
）- He drives carefully and responsibly.（他开车小心谨慎、负责任。
）- They spoke loudly and confidently.（他们大声、自信地说话。
）4.并列的介词短语：- He walked into the room with a smile on his face and a spring in his step.（他面带微笑、步履轻快地走进了房间。
）- She bought a new dress for the party in red and black.（她买了一到红色和黑色的新衣服去参加派对。
）- I traveled to Europe by train and by ferry.（我乘火车和渡轮去了欧洲。
英语平行结构的特点及修辞效果
英语平行结构的特点及修辞效果
一、英语平行结构的特点
英语中的平行结构是一种具有强烈对比性的句式，即一个句子由多个形式、意义、强度等层次或方面形成的对称句式，以表达同一概念或意思，但前后句式却有着明显的对比效果，使文章增添对比色彩，以明快形象地表现作者的思想意义，具有浓重的艺术质感。
英语平行结构的特点是：
1、句子中的内容应是两个或以上成分，这些成分在语气、位置、音节、句式、形式等方面形成一定对照关系，形成对立、对称或协调的句子；
2、表达的内容可以是同类事物、观点、状态，也可以是相反意义的事物、状态，或是诸多事实、正反意义，他们之间不一定是对比关系，有时对照和协调关系也可以形成平行结构，但他们都具有鲜明的对比色彩；
3、句子中的造句要简洁，以清晰明确的结构、快速的表达和深入语言文字来突出句子的对比关系；
4、有时可以用省略句等句式来代替进一步陈述，表示抽象、凝练、省略的句式，以使表达更加简明、紧凑，加强对比、协调配搭的效果。
二、英语平行结构的修辞效果
1、表达对立观点：平行结构有利于清晰、强调表达对立观点，以增强语言的表达力度，令人印象深刻，更有助于读者理解文章的主
题大意。
2、强调抒情情绪：平行结构中的句子有着协调性，能够强烈表达出作者的抒情情绪，如尖锐的怨言、伤心的悲叹等，以唤起读者的共鸣。
3、加深艺术感染力：平行结构能够赋予句子平衡、协调的性质，使文章更加完美，清晰且有力，表现出深厚的艺术感染力。
总之，英语中的平行结构具有鲜明的对比色彩，有利于表达对立的观点，强调抒情情绪，加深文章的艺术感染力，是一种有效的修辞手段。
英语语法中的平行结构
英语语法中的平行结构一．连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both … and, neither … nor, either … or, not only … but (also), rather than等以及从属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。
1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致例1：He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.例2：Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in warfare until two hundred years later.2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致例1：Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also on how you participate in class.例2：We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.例3：I would much rather go to the countryside than stay here.3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致例1：Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.例2：He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.4.所连接的句子结构必须一致例1：She is pleased with what you have given and all that you have told him. 例2：The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them than it did for us.二、某些特定的固定结构。
英语写作中的句子结构技巧
英语写作中的句子结构技巧在英语写作中，良好的句子结构是非常重要的，它能够帮助我们更好地表达思想，使文章通顺流畅。
本文将介绍几个英语写作中常用的句子结构技巧，帮助读者提升英语写作水平。
1. 平行结构（Parallel Structure）平行结构是指在句子中平行使用相同类型的词、短语或从句，使句子结构更加一致。
这种结构常用于列举、并列关系的表达和对比。
例如：(1) We came, we saw, we conquered.我们来了，我们看到了，我们征服了。
(2) The weather is not only hot but also humid.天气不仅炎热而且潮湿。
(3) He likes swimming, hiking, and playing tennis.他喜欢游泳、徒步旅行和打网球。
2. 倒装结构（Inversion）倒装结构在英语写作中可以起到突显和强调的作用，也可以用于修辞和句子平衡。
常见的倒装结构有完全倒装和部分倒装。
例如：(1) Not only did she pass the exam, but she also got the highest score.她不仅通过了考试，而且还得到了最高分。
(2) Little did I know that he was planning a surprise party for me.我并不知道他正在为我策划一场惊喜派对。
(3) Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.我从未见过如此美丽的日落。
3. 并列句（Compound Sentences）并列句使用并列连词（如and, but, or等）将两个独立的句子连接在一起，使句子更加丰富多样，并能够表达并列关系。
例如：(1) She is studying hard for the exam, but she also finds time to relax.她为了考试而努力学习，但她也找到时间放松。
rather than的平行结构
rather than的平行结构摘要：一、平行结构的概念二、rather than 在平行结构中的应用1.rather than 的词义解析2.rather than 在平行结构中的使用方法三、rather than 在实际语境中的运用1.例句12.例句23.例句3四、总结rather than 在平行结构中的作用和意义正文：平行结构是英语中一种常见的修辞手法，它指的是在句子或篇章中，通过保持句子结构、词汇或语法的一致性，来强调相似性和对比性。
在英语中，rather than 是一个常见的连词，它用于表示选择和对比。
在平行结构中，rather than 可以发挥重要的作用。
首先，我们需要了解rather than 的词义。
rather than 是一个连词，意思是“而不是”，用于表示对比和选择。
在英语中，rather than 可以用来连接两个并列的成分，表示选择关系。
例如：“I will go to the party rather than staying at home.”（我将去参加派对，而不是呆在家里。
）在平行结构中，rather than 用于表示选择和对比。
它可以通过保持句子结构、词汇或语法的一致性，来强调相似性和对比性。
例如：“He is a teacher rather than a doctor.”（他是一名教师，而不是医生。
）在这个例子中，rather than 表示对比，连接了两个并列的成分。
通过使用rather than，作者强调了教师和医生这两个职业之间的区别。
在实际语境中，rather than 在平行结构中的运用非常广泛。
例如：1."She chose to study rather than to work."（她选择了学习，而不是工作。
）在这个例子中，rather than 用于表示对比，连接了两个并列的成分。
通过使用rather than，作者强调了学习和工作之间的选择关系。
英语平行结构及其常见错误
总４ ＿ 第期＿ ３ ３
Ｈｅｉ ｅ ｃｌ ｎ ｏｉ ｃ ｌ ，ｉｅ ｌ ｉ ｌ ｎ ｒｆ ｓｉｎ ｌ ． ｘ ｅｌ ｔ ｌ ｉ ｌ ｄ ｏｏ ｃ ｌ ａ ｄｐ ｏ ｅｓ ａｌ ｓ ｅ ｐ ｔａ ｙ ｇ ａ ｙ ｏ ｙ
他 政 治上 、 想上 和业务 上都很优 秀 。（ 思 三个 副词结 构平行 ）
Ｉ ｈ ａ ｄ ｔ ｅｓ ｕ ｅ ｔ ｅ ｄ ｎ ｅ ｅ ｔ ｌｕ ｎ ｅ ｉｉ ｇ ｔ ｅｐ ｅ ． ｅ ｒБайду номын сангаас ｔ ｄ ｎ ｓ ａ ｉ ｇ ｘ ｏ ｄ ａ ｄ ｒ ｃ ｔ ｏ ｍ ｈ ｒ ｔ ａ ｎ ｈ
我 听见 学生们 朗读课 文和背诵诗歌 。（ 两个 分词 短语 结构平 行 ） Ｍｙａｍ ｏｆ ｎｓ ｏ ｒｅ ， ｏ ｒｄ ａｅ｛ ｃｌｅ ｅａ ｄ ｉ ｉ ｔ ／ｉ ｍｙ ｃｕ ｓｓ ｔ ｇ ａ ｕ ｔ ｒ ｓ ｈ ｏｌｇ ｎ ｔ ｆｎ ｏｄ ｂ ｏ ｉｄａｇｏ ｏ．我 的 目标是 完成 学业 ， 大学毕 业 ， 然后 找 一份 好 工作 。（ 三个不定 式短语 结构平行 ）
一
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Ｓ ｅｗ ｅ ｔｉｔ ｈ ｌｓ ｒ ｏ ，ｓ ｔａ ｅ ｅ ｋ ａ ｄ ｂ ｇ ｎ ｔ ｏ ｈ ｎ ｎ ｏ ｔ ｅｃａ ｓ ｏ ｍ ａ ｔｈ ｒｄ ｓ ｎ ｅ ａ ｏ ｄ
ｔ ｅｅ ｅｃ ｅ．她 走进教 室 ， ｈ ｘ ｒｉ ｓ ｓ 坐在课 桌 旁 ， 始做 作 业 。 （ 开 三个 谓语 动 词 结构平 行 ）
ｃ ｕｄｌｓ ｅ ａｌｔ ｆ ｕ ｌ ｕ ｐ ｒ．那个政 党 的领 导 者不 久将不 ｏ ｌ ｅ ｈ ｍ ｂｉ ｓ ｐ ｏｔ ｏ ｔ ｏｏｐ ｃ
得 不承认 他们 一直在姑 息养奸—— 那个 家伙 的主 张会 使 他们 丧 失 大 批 公众 的支持 。■ （ 者单位 ： 东大 学威 海分校 大 学外语教 学部 ） 作 山
英语中的平行结构
borne by our ancestors.
------Obama
三个代表：中国共产党必须始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求,代 表中国先进文化的前进方向,代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。
Effects
2. To lyricism, improve expressive force and appeal
审讯员：“你在本市偷过几次东西，都是些什么？” 嫌疑人：“我是来Байду номын сангаас里走亲戚的，没有偷东西。” 审讯员：“走亲戚为什么说不上亲戚的名字？走亲戚为什么不带礼物偏 带螺丝刀？走亲戚为什么在半夜里四处乱跑？既然亲戚在市里，你到郊 区来干什么？”
students taking notes.
To lyricism, improve expressive force and appeal 注意由并列连词或等立连词连接的成分在语法形式上是否相同，既都是形容词，或都是介词短语，或都是不定式，或都是动名词等。
I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama[ˌæləˈbæmə], with its vicious racists[ˈreisist], with its governor having his lips dripping
英语的句子结构类型
英语的句子结构类型英语的句子结构类型主要包括以下几种：1.简单句（SimpleSentence）：由一个主语和一个谓语构成，表达一个完整的意思。
例如：She sings beautifully.2.并列句（CompoundSentence）：由两个或多个独立的简单句通过并列连词连接而成。
每个简单句都有自己的主语和谓语。
例如：I like toread books, and my brother likes to play video games.3.复合句（ComplexSentence）：由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。
从句可以是名词性从句（作为主语、宾语或表语）、形容词性从句（作为定语）或副词性从句（作为状语）。
例如：I will go tothe park if it doesn’t rain.4.独立主格结构（AbsoluteConstruction）：由一个名词或代词加上一个分词或分词短语构成，用来修饰整个句子。
例如：The game over, the fans leftthe stadium.5.平行结构（ParallelStructure）：用于并列句或复合句中，通过重复相同的结构、形式或语法来强调或平衡表达的内容。
例如：She likessinging, dancing, and painting.6.倒装句（InvertedSentence）：在句子中调换主语和谓语的位置，用来强调某个部分或改变句子的语气。
例如：Only in darkness can yousee the stars.这些是英语中常见的句子结构类型，不同的句子结构可以用来表达不同的意思和强调不同的信息。
平行结构英语例句
平行结构英语例句1.Peter、Sally、Mike and Nancy all like the piano.皮特、莎莉、麦克和南希都喜欢钢琴。
2.She enjoys mystery novels, Mexican food, and romantic movies. 她喜欢神秘小说、墨西哥食物和浪漫电影。
3.She enjoys reading, cooking, and dancing. 她喜欢阅读、做饭和跳舞。
解读：这两句里的宾语都是名词，第一句中，每个名词前面还都加了一个修饰用的形容词。
4.She played basketball, had a shower and gone to school.她打了篮球、洗了澡、去了学校。
5.She went into the classroom, sat at her desk and began to do the exercises. 她去了教室，坐在凳子上并开始学习。
可以发现这个句子里，三个谓语动词结构平行。
6.LiMing's father earns more money than Tom's father does.李明的爸爸挣的钱比汤姆爸爸挣得多。
7.The weather in Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.北京的天气比上海的冷点儿。
8.You can apply to the job by filling this form or you can apply by telephone.你可以通过填表格或者打电话的方式来工作。
9.The teacher not only wants his students to keep quiet but also to do the task . 老师不仅希望学生们保持安静而且还希望他们做功课。
10.He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.他去了市中心，买了一些书并拜访了他的女儿。
英语基础语法知识：平行结构
英语基础语法知识：平行结构平行结构1、连词连接的平行结构1)并列连词and.but.as well as.or else,both and.either or,neithernor.not only but also,whether or,rather than等以及从属连词than均可连接平行结构。
e.g Shs is a beautiful and elegant woman.她是一位美丽而优雅的女子。
2)连接的非谓语动词形式一致e.g Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.有人觉得游戏远比坐在家里读书有趣。
3)连接的谓语形式一致e.g This is the lady who listens to the poor and ministers to their wants.这就是那位能倾听穷人意见并照顾他们需要的女士4)连接的句子结构一致e.g He asked me whether I had received the check and whether I had cashed it.他问我是否收到了支票并把它兑换成现金了。
2、特定的平行结构1)prefer后面接的平行结构 prefer to do sthprefer sth.go sthprefer doing(sth).to doing(sth) prefer to do(sth)ratherthan do(sth)2)在would /had rather/sooner以及would/had as soon as 结构中要用平行结构would/had as soon do (sth ) as do (sth)e.g I would as soon stay at home as go shopping. 我宁愿呆在家里也不愿去逛街购物。
英语中平行和反复的区别修辞手法的区别
英语中平行和反复的区别修辞手法的区别平行和反复是英语修辞手法中常见的两种表达方式，它们在语言表达上有一些相似之处，但也存在一些区别。
下面将详细探讨平行和反复的区别。
首先，平行是指在句子结构中使用相同的语法结构或词语排列，以达到强调、对比或平衡的效果。
平行结构可以在句子中的不同位置使用，也可以在不同句子之间使用。
平行结构的使用可以使句子更加简洁、清晰，并且能够强调相同的意思或重要的观点。
例如：1. She likes singing, dancing, and painting.（她喜欢唱歌、跳舞和画画。
）2. He not only plays basketball well, but also excels in football.（他不仅篮球打得好，而且足球也很出色。
）在这两个例子中，平行结构被用来列举一系列相同类型的活动或表达相同的意思。
这种结构的使用使句子更加平衡，也更容易理解。
反复是指在文本中多次重复相同的词语、短语或句子，以强调某个观点、情感或主题。
反复的使用可以使文本更加生动、有力，并且能够引起读者的注意。
反复可以在同一句子或不同句子中使用，也可以在整个文本中多次出现。
例如：1. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that allmen are created equal."（我有一个梦想，有一天这个国家将站起来，实现其信条的真正含义：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的，即所有人生而平等。
”）2. Never give up. Never give in.（永不放弃。
永不屈服。
）在这两个例子中，反复的使用使文本更加有力，突出了作者的观点和情感。
翻译学习-平行结构
中式英语之鉴--平行结构（parallel structure）1.定义：词或句含义相似或相反；结构相同。
2.作用：表明词与词或句与句间的关系，简洁有力。
3.举例子：如对比：To be or not to be: that is the questions...To be or to ceasing living: that is the question...可见：平行结构的比非平行结构更加简洁、有力、富有节奏感。
4.特点：a.词汇方面：使用词性一致的词汇：如healthy/wealthy/wiseb.短语方面：使用结构一致的短语，或者带有某个固定词汇重复的短语：如of the people/by the people/for the peoplec.从句方面：使用结构相似的从句，如where there is a will there is a way, 具有相同的结构，there is an x/ there is a y。
d. 句子方面：相邻的句子结构相同，意思或相近或相反。
5.分类：a.由并列连词(coordinating conjunctions)连接：如and, but, or。
例如：Timber is needed for construction 1and to withstand floods2.分析：1部分是介词+名词的结构；2部分是不定式结构+名词的结构；由于两个词由and 衔接，可使用平行结构，让表达更加地道。
可以改为：Timber is needed to provide materials for construction 1and to withstand floods2. 这样1与2两个部分都是不定式结构。
b. 由关联连词（correlative conjunctions) 连接：如both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, not...but.例如：These are vital issues for the next century: both for people’s quality of life1 and for saving the environment2.分析：1是介词+名词，2是介词+动名词；此时，1与2 由关联连词both...and，可用平行结构，将二者的词性调整一致，可改为：These are vital issues for the next century: affecting both the quality of people’s life1and the preservation of the environment2.b.同一个话题下的多个分话题，多个话题一般由first, second, third 连接（Items in a list or a series of headings）：例如：Socialism has two major requirements. First, its economy must be dominated by public ownership1, and second, there must be no polarization2.分析：句中的1 和2两个句子都有结构must be，而构成平行结构。
英语句子的平行结构和比较练习题
平行结构和比较1、平行结构为了明确地表达或强调，反复使用形态相同的语法结构。
1）用单词实现平行Not every expensive handmade item is both creative and an art. (X)Trains, buses, and a ferry are examples of pubic transportation. (X)Some work needs to be done not quickly but precise. (X)2) 用短语实现平行He not only finished his reading assignment but also writing an essay. (X)It is easier to forgive than hating someone. (X)Working out, eating organic foods, and to take a rest are the best ways to maintain good health. (X)3) 用从句实现平行When we took our trip, we not only visited Rome but also skiing in Switzerland. (X)The mass media neither gives us the necessary information nor telling us the truth. (X)Either you save money for a rainy day or just splurge today. (X)2、对比1）表示两个对象同等或相似的程度：as…as, not as…as, not so…as2) 表示两个对象中的一个比另一个突出：more than3) 表示三个以上对象中最突出的一个：the most…of4) 重要结构练习题1. Owing to the Internet, information searches have become and faster. (easy)由于互联网，信息搜索变得更加简单、快捷。
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平行结构
一、连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构
并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both … and, neither … nor, either … or, not only … but (also), rather than等以及从属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。
1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致
例1：He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.
例2：Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in warfare until two hundred years later.
2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致
例1：Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also on how you participate in class.
例2：We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.
例3：I would much rather go to the countryside than stay here.
3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致
例1：Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.
例2：He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.
4.所连接的句子结构必须一致
例1：She is pleased with what you have given and all that you have told him.
例2：The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them than it did for us.
二、某些特定的固定结构。
例如：
(1)有些词后要用平行结构。
例如：
prefer sth to sth
prefer doing sth to doing sth
prefer to do sth rather than do sth
1) I prefer rice to noodles.
2)I prefer watching TV to listening to music.
3) He preferred to die rather than surrender.
(2)有些结构中要用平行结构。
例如：
would / had rather / sooner do something than do something, would / had as soon do something as do something (宁可……也不……)
1) Liu Hulan said she had rather die than give up.
2) I would as soon stay at home as go.
III 部分强调句
要强调句子的某一部分，可以把句子的结构改变一下，通常有两种表示强调的句式：It is / was … that …结构和What … is / was…结构。
一、It is / was … that … 结构
1.It is / was … that … 结构可以用来强调句子中几乎任何部分
例1：It was my mother that threw an egg at Mr. Li yesterday.
例2：It was Mr. Li that my mother threw an egg at yesterday.
2.被强调的部分指人时，可用who枵whom
强调主语时，如果指的是人，可以不用that而用who来代替。
强调宾语时，如果指点的是人，可用whom。
例如：
1）It was the dean who walked by.
2）It was Mary whom the old lady missed most.
3被强调部分指物时，要用that
例如：It was an egg that my mother threw at Mr. Li yesterday.
4.被强调部分是状语时，也只能用that，不能用when或where.
例1：It is during his spare time that John has been studying a course in French.
例2：It was in the hall that the mayor held the press conference.
5.不能用It is / was … that 结构强调动词
强调动词常用do,过去式用did。
例如：
1) They did study very hard yesterday.
2) He does look forward to making the acquaintance of her.
What … is / was … 结构
二、What … is / was … 结构常用来强调主语或宾语，在这种结构中，is/ was后面是强调的部分。
例如：
1）What hurts is my left leg.
2）What I like is her style.。