直接引语和间接引语总结归纳

直接引语和间接引语

1）“一随主”。直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：

He said，“I am very sorry.” →He said that he was very sorry.

2）“二随宾”。直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，

转换为第一人称“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.

→My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.

3）“三不变”。直接引语中第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说，转换成第三人称。

如：She said to her son, “she'll check his homework tonight.”

→She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.

4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：

He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?”

直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：直接引语→间接引语

一般现在时→一般过去时一般过去时→过去完成时现在进行时→过去进行时

过去完成时→过去完成时现在完成时→过去完成时过去进行时→过去进行时一般将来时→过去将来时

例如：“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. →She said she was very glad to visit our school.

Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.

1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时/将来时的时候，如：

He always says, “I am tired out.” →He always says that he is tired out.

He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.” →He will say that he will try his best to help me.

3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：(优化方案p11 语法专练2)

He said, “I went to college in 1994.” →He told us that he went to college in 1994.

4）直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。

5）直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯的动作，时态不不变。

He said, “I get up at sit every morning.”→He said he gets up at sit every morning.”

6）当直接引语中有以when, while，since引导的从句，只改变主句时态，从句时态不变，如：1. He said，“When I was

a child, I usually played football after school.” →He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.

2. Mr. Green said to them, “Jo e told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”

→Mr. Green told them that Joe had told me all about his story when he asked for a job.

6）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象; 谚语、格言时，如：

Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” →Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

He said，“Practice makes perfect.” →He said that practice makes perfect.

7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时, 保持不变。例如：

The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” →The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.

He said, “She must be a teacher.”→ He said that she must be a teacher.

He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”→ He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.

The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”

→ The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.

She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”→ She asked if she had to take the medicine.

〔注〕：此处用had to代替must更好

考点4：指示代词、时间、地点状语和动词变化

1）时间状语：

直接引语→间接引语

now→ then tomorrow →the next（following）day today→ that day next week →the next（following）week（month, year）yesterday →the day before two days ago→ two days before last week （month, year）→the week（month, year）before