新概念英语第二册复习笔记 第十课 单词学习
新概念英语第二册第十课
Lesson 10 Not for jazz不适于演奏爵士乐We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.New words and expressions 生词和短语jazz n. 爵士音乐musical adj. 音乐的instrument n. 乐器clavichord n. 古钢琴recently adv. 最近damage v. 损坏key n. 琴键string n. （乐器的）弦shock v. 使不悦或生气，震惊allow v. 允许，让touch v. 触摸参考译文我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。
我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。
我们家有这件乐器已经很久了，是我祖父在很多年以前买的。
可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。
她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。
新概念英语第二册第10课-Not,For,Jazz
She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.
我父亲为之震怒. 此时此刻他不允许我们再碰它.父亲的一 位挚友正在修理这件古老的乐器.
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新概念英语第二册第 10 课:Not,For,Jazz
First listen and then answer the question. What happened to the clavichord? 我们有一件古老的乐器,叫击弦古钢琴.它是 1681 年德国制 造的 Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belonged to our family for a long time.
(1) vt,vi，触摸，碰: 你们不许碰花瓶。 你们可以观看这些画，但不行以摸。 a rise in the cost of living touches everyone.
动词 make 经常用于被动语态。当它与不同的介词搭配时。意 义也稍有不同。
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This bike was mad11018. (2) made of 表示用某种材料制成(通常指制造后不变更该材 料原来的性质或形态): 这椅子是木制的。 Paper can be made from wood. (4)made by 表示由谁制造: 这条裙子是玛丽做的。
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shock
vt.碰 allow
vt.修理 Notes on the text 课文注释 2 a friend of my fathers，我父亲的一位挚友。在英语中 我们通常用-s 和 of 构造来表示全部格。-s 的构造通常用在人名 和表示人称的名词的末尾，而 of 构造那么常与无生命的名词连用。 在这个例句中同时运用了-s 和 of 的构造，这被称作双重全部格。 课文详注 Further notes on the text instrument 常用的意思是器械、器具，尤指医疗、机器等方 面的。但它可以用来泛指各种乐器。 call 在这里的意思是把称为、称呼，既可用于主动语态，也 可用于被动语态: 你们把这称为什么? 他们叫他大个子汤姆。 belong 为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。另外，它是 一个表示状态的动词，而不是行为动词，所以它也不能用于进展 时。它最常用的时态是一般此时此刻时和一般过去时:
新概念二Lesson 10 知识点整理
Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐学习目标全解必记单词jazz n. 爵士音乐musical adj. 音乐的instrument n. 乐器clavichord n. 古钢琴recently adv. 最近damage v. 损坏key n. 琴键string n. 弦，细绳shock v. 使震惊allow v. 允许，让touch v. 触摸常考短语be made in (a country) 产自于…belong to 属于allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一个朋友经典句型1.It is called a clavichord.2.It was made in Germany in 1681.3.It has belonged to our family for a long time.4.Recently it was damaged by a visitor.5.My father was shocked6.We are not allowed to touch it.7.It is being repaired by a friend of my father’s.重点语法一、被动语态被动语态结构为：be+done注意：1）被动语态的时态由be的变化来表示2）只有动作是及物动词才能构成被动语态3）强调动作是由什么人或什么东西而发出时，常用介词“by+行为发出者”4）被动语态没有将来进行时态常出现的被动语态的各种时态形式如下：一般时态进行时态完成时态现在amis doneareamis being donearehavebeen donehas过去wasdonewerewasbeing donewerehad been done重点语法将来shallbe donewillshallhave beendonewill过去将来shouldbe donewouldshouldhave beendonewould例句：1.Our milk is delivered every morning. (一般现在时)2. A new bridge is being built outside my house by workers.(现在进行时)3.That boy has been punished by the headmaster.(现在完成时)二、名词的属格（一）名词所有格的构成1. 单数名词，在词尾加“’s”:my sister’s friend (我姐姐的朋友)2. 复数名词：1）不以-s或-es结尾的特殊变化的复数名词，在词尾加“’s”The Children’s Day 儿童节2）以-s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加“’”构成所有格Her friends’ money 她朋友们的钱3. 复合名词在最后一个词的词尾加“’s”my father-in-law’s company 我岳父的公司4. 对于由and连接的并列名词，当表示共有的情况下，只需在最后一个名词词尾加“’s”; 若表示各自所有，则需在每个名词词尾加“’s”。
新概念英语青少版2A Unit 10 Tomorrow's another day!
When does he usually get up early? Every morning. What's he doing this morning then? This morning? He's staying in bed this morning. And what's he going to do tomorrow morning? He's going to get up late.
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She usually works with Daisy, doesn't she?
Yes,she does.
She works with other photographers too,doesn't
she? Yes,she does.
Her jobs take her all over the world,don't they?
• What's Nina going to do tomorrow?
Watch Video
Listening and Understanding
• Listen to the recording,and then answer this questions:
• What's Nina going to do tomorrow?
Pronunciation
/t/ /d/ /æ/ /a:/
新概念英语第二册第10课
• 2)allow 作“许可”，“允许”讲，只可搭 配动名词短语作宾语，不可直接搭用动词不 定式作宾补，即只可说
• allow doing sth. 不可说allow to do sth.
①他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。
They allowed smoking in this room only.
• ★touch v. 触摸 • ① vt.&vi. 触摸，碰 • 你不允许摸这个花瓶 • You are not allowed to touch the vase.
• We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord.
• call在这里的意思是“把……称为”、“称呼 ”，既可用于主动态，也可用于被动语态。
• What do you call this? • 你们把这称为什么？
• Joe Jobs is called the Father of 'Apple'. • 乔布斯被称为苹果之父
2. They try to find what the differences between ____
cars.
A. Tom’s and Ed’s
B. Tom and Ed’s
C. Tom’s and Eds’
D. Tom and Eds
3. A friend ____ came to see me yesterday.
• It has belonged to our family for a long time. • belong是一个表示状态的动词，而不是行为动
词，所以不能用于进行时，常用的时态是一般 现在时和现在过去时。
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记_第10课_单词讲解
Lesson 107-17-2014New words and expressionsjazz n 爵士音乐musical adj 音乐的instrument n 乐器clavichord n 古钢琴recently adv 最近damage v 损坏key n 琴键string n （乐器的）弦shock v 使不悦或生气，震惊allow v 允许，让touch v 触摸jazz n 爵士音乐classical music古典音乐folk music民族音乐country music乡村音乐pop (popular) music流行音乐play jazz演奏爵士乐eg They tried to play jazz on the piano. 他们试图在钢琴上演奏爵士音乐。
rock and roll摇滚乐rap拉普乐（说唱音乐）musical adj 音乐的music n [u]音乐a piece of music一首音乐concert ['kɔnsət]n [c] 音乐会musical adj 音乐的musician n 音乐家a music lesson一堂音乐课a music teacher音乐教师a music lover音乐爱好者a piece of music一首音乐face the music 面对失败；面对不愿面对而又不得不面对之事a musical instrument 一件乐器a misical performance 乐器演奏a musical score [skɔ:] 乐谱musical voice 美妙的声音instrument 1n 器具，仪器torture ['tɔ:tʃə] instruments 刑具operation instruments 手术器械2n 乐器musical instrument 乐器egWhat kind of musical instrument can you play? 你会演奏哪种乐器呢？egI can play the guitar. 我会弹吉他。
新概念第二册第10课
Lesson 10 Not For Jazz一、词汇精选：1．One good turn deserves another,（标题）礼尚往来。
（1）名词turn的含义之一是“（帮助或损害他人的）举动”、“行为”：Yesterday George did me a good/ an ill turn. 一件对我有利／不利的事。
He is always ready to do a turn for others. 乐于为他人做好事。
（2）deserve的意义为“应受”、“应得（奖赏、惩罚等）”、“值得”，通常为及物动词：His words deserve attention. Mary deserves the prize.（3）it is my turn to play basketball. 轮到某人去做某事2．What happened to Lily. happen to sb.某人怎么了I happened to see John. 碰巧去做某事happen to do sth.3. called The girl is called Lily.4. Be made in Be made ofBe made from Be made byBe made up of Our group is made up of six studentsBe made into the grape is made into wine 葡萄被制成葡萄酒5.belong to 属于this shirt belongs to my father.6.damage 部分损伤--程度较轻destroy 摧毁--程度严重7.play baskeball / badminton/ volleyballplay chess/ play games/ play Jazzplay the guitar/ play the violin/ play + the +乐器8. strike the key too hard 击打过去式struckAn good idea just struck me. 一个好主意忽然出现9.shocked 感到震惊的shocking 令人震惊的I feel shocked for the shocking news.It is a shock for me. it is a big surprise for me. 注意可数10.key 按键The key to the door 钥匙The key to the question. 答案The key to success is to be hard-working. 关键1.Be not allow to do 不允许去做某事You are not allowed to smokeI am not allowed to go out at night. Smoking is allowed.2.repair 修理can you repair the bike?3.he is a friend of mine. 双重所有格John is a friend of my father’s14.recently adv. 最近recently=lately1.他是丽丽的一个朋友。
(完整版)青少版新概念2Aunit10知识点总结
The real London bus was very old.
一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+n./adj./prep.短语...? Yes,主语+did.
Were they at the railway station a short time ago? No,主语+didn’t.
★ Were you at school yesterday?
Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
作业：
1.微信熟读P.
2.背诵单词短语，下节课听写
3.完成练习册
4.每天听语音资料15分钟并大声跟读。
the day after tomorrow adv.后天traffic jam n.交通阻塞class n.（一节）课
meeting n.会议hospital n.医院party n.聚会kind n.亲切的，乐于助人的
重点句型：
★ Was Robert at school yesterday?
Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
live—livedmove—movedtaste—tasted
3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y改成i,加—ed,如：
study—studiestry—triedcopy—copiedcarry—carried
4)重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加—ed,如：
stop—stopped
5)常用不规则动词过去式
Lucy_______________herhomeworkathome.
10.Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)
新概念英语第二册复习笔记第十课课文讲解
新概念英语第二册复习笔记第十课课文讲解新概念英语第二册复习笔记第十课课文讲解have 有，拥有eg. I have many friends.当“有，拥有”讲时，无被动态和进行时态have 是一个很活泼的词，有很多的意思have breakfasthave a fever 发烧have a good time 玩得开心have a headache 头疼have a running nose 流鼻涕have a swollen['sw??l?n] face 脸浮肿have sth done 由别人做某事have something to do with 与……有关系have nothing to do with 与……没有关系have anything to do with 与……有任何关系have to do sth 不得不做某事It is called a clavichord.变为主动语态为：We call it a clavichord.be made in + 地点表示产地be made in + 时间表示制作于某时be made of (a material) 用某种材料制作表示仍能看出原材料eg. The tea pot is made of silver. 这把茶壶是银制的。
eg. be made from (one or a number of materials) 由某种或某些材料制成表示已经看不出原材料eg. Glass is made from sand and lime. 玻璃是由砂子和石灰制成的。
eg. This sweater is made from wool. 这件毛衣是羊毛制成的。
be made by sb 被…..制造eg. This cake was made by my sister. 这只蛋糕是我姐姐制作的。
be made for 为…..做的eg. This cake was made for you. 这只蛋糕是为你制作的。
新概念英语第二册笔记新版：第10课
Lesson 10 Not for jazz【New words and expressions】（11）jazz n. 爵⼠⾳乐musical adj. ⾳乐的instrument n. 乐器clavichord n. 古钢琴recently adv. 最近damage v. 损坏key n. 琴键string n. （乐器的）弦shock v. 使不悦或⽣⽓，震惊allow v. 允许，让touch v. 触摸★jazz n. 爵⼠⾳乐a kind of music★musical adj. ⾳乐的musical student 有⾳乐天赋的⼈music student 学⾳乐的⼈（the student who learned music）★instrument n. 乐器instrument=musical instrumentinstrument常⽤的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指医疗、机器等⽅⾯的。
也可⽤来泛指各种乐器。
★clavichord n. 古钢琴, 不是现代的pianoa kind of instrument★recently adv. 最近recently=lately★damage v. 损坏① n. 损害，损失，伤害The storm has done a lot of damage to the village.② vt. 损害，毁坏，损坏The car was badly damaged in the accident.★key n. 琴键① n. 琴键② n. 钥匙，答案key to the door 门钥匙Do you know the key to the question?③ adj. 关键的key structure★shock v. 使不悦或⽣⽓, 震惊① v. 使不悦或⽣⽓, 震惊跟⼈的情绪有关的动词的宾语往往是 “⼈” (以sth.为主语)The news shocks me. 这个消息使我震惊② adj. 令⼈震惊的It is shocking.③ adj. 感到震惊凡是能够⽤ “⼈” 做宾语, ⼜是表⽰⼈的情绪活动的动词, 有两个形容词形成：令⼈……（V+ing）；感到……（V+ed）I'm shocked.④ n. 震惊get a shocksb. get a shock 某⼈很吃惊shock 必指坏事, 令⼈不悦, ⽣⽓的surprise 好事坏事都可以, 只要你没有料到的 I want to give you surprise.★allow v. 允许, 让allow doing sth.Smoking is allowed.＝people allow smokingallow sb. to do sth. / sb.be allowed to do sth.allow常⽤于被动语态You are allowed to smoke(被动语态)You are not allowed to enter the room if you don't take the card with you★touch v. 触摸① vt.&vi. 触摸，碰You are not allowed to touch the vase.② vt. 谈及，涉及，关系到A rise in the cost of living touches everyone. ⽣活费⽤的增加与每个⼈都有关系。
新概念英语第二册第10课
完形填空时间
Multiple choice questions 多项选择题
Comprehension 理解 1 The old musical instrument a．has been in the family for a long time b．was bought recently c．was sold recently d．was repaired recently 2 How did the visitor damage the clavichord? a．She played jazz on it. b．She played it. c．She cut the strings. d．She hit the keys too hard.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择题
Structure 句型 3 Our clavichord is kept in the living room. That's where we ______ it. a．kep b．have kept c．are keeping d．keep 4 It has belonged to our family for years. It's the ______ . a．families b．families' c．family's d．familys' 5 The family have had the clavichord ______ many years. a．since b．for c．from d．by 6 Who ______ it? Grandfather did. a．buy b．was bought c．bought d．did buy 7 We are not allowed to touch it. We ______ touch it. a．mustn't b．mustn't to c．haven't to d．don't have to
新概念2第10课知识点讲解
一，new words and expressions:1,jazz n. 爵士音乐(a kind of music)a jazz band爵士乐队traditional/modern jazz传统/现代爵士乐jazz musicians爵士乐师and all that jazz以及诸如此类的东西或事情How is it going?You know-love, life and all that jazz。
怎么样啊？你知道-说的是爱情，生活以及诸如此类的东西。
2，musical adj. 音乐的；有音乐天赋的喜爱音乐的musical talent/styles/tastes音乐天赋/风格/品味musical instrument乐器She is very musical.她极具音乐天赋。
music [u]音乐，乐曲-------musician音乐家，乐师classical /popular/folk music古典/流行/民间音乐3，instrument n. 乐器,instrument常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指医疗、机器等方面的。
也可用来泛指各种乐器。
Surgical/optical/precision instruments外科仪器，光学仪器，精密仪器4，recently adv.“不久前，最近”=lately，常用于现在完成时，过去时中eg.We received a letter from him recently.我们不久以前收到一封他的来信。
I haven’t seen him recently.我近来没见过他。
Recent近来的，新近的a recent development/discovery/event近来的发展/发现/事件There have been many changes in recent years.近几年发生了许多变化。
5，damage1）n.损害，损失，伤害do/cause damage to---The storm has done/caused a lot of damage to the village.2）vt. 损害，毁坏，损坏---The car was badly damaged in the accidentdestroy彻底毁坏，以致不能恢复–destroyer破坏者--destruction 【u】摧毁，毁灭damage价值，用途降低或者外表损害等不一定全部破坏，还可以修复。
(完整版)新概念英语第二册lesson10
Phrases
➢ belong to: 属于 e.g.: 这本书属于我. This book belongs to me. e.g.: 这个名字属于我已经12年了. The name has belonged to me for 12 years.
➢ allow sb. to do sth: 允许某人做某事
__m_y__g_r_a_n_d_fa_t_her for m__a_n_y_y_e_a_r_s.
She tried to play jazz on it!
She stuck the keys too
hard that two of the② strings were
⑤ my father
broken.
③It was made in G__e_rm__a_ny in _1_6_8_1_. __
①we have ② called
④ kept
③ made
①Iht ahsasbebleolnognegded t_o_o_u_r__fa_m__ily for a lo_n_g__t_im__e_. _ bought ②The instrument was bought by
sb. be allowed to do sth. e.g.: Jane被允许每天只能吃一个 苹果.
Jane is allowed to eat one apple every day. e.g.: 我们不能(不被允许)大声说话.
We are not allowed to speak loudly.
piano
clavichord
Lesson 10 Not for jazz
Made by Helen
➢ Passive voice: 被动语态
(全)新概念英语第二册Lesson 10学习笔记
新概念英语第二册Lesson 10学习笔记Not for jazz不适于演奏爵士乐First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What happened to the clavichord?古钢琴怎么了？We have an old musical instrument.我家有件古乐器，It is called a clavichord.被称作古钢琴，It was made in Germany in 1681.是1681年德国造的。
Our clavichord is kept in the living room.我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。
It has belonged to our family for a long time.我们家有这件乐器已经很久了，The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. 是我祖父在很多年以前买的。
Recently it was damaged by a visitor.可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，She tried to play jazz on it!因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。
She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. 她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。
My father was shocked.我父亲大为吃惊，Now we are not allowed to touch it.不许我们再动它。
It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。
新概念英语第二册课文Lesson 10Not for jazz不适于演奏爵士乐First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第10课
Lesson 10 Not for Jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐What happened to the clavichord?We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.参考译文我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。
我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。
我们家有这件乐器已经很久了，是我祖父在很多年以前买的。
可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。
她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。
我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。
父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。
【New words and expressions】（11）jazz n. 爵士音乐classical music 古典音乐folk music 民族音乐country music 乡村音乐pop (popular) music 流行音乐jazz 爵士音乐play jazz 演奏爵士乐eg. They tried to play jazz on the piano. 他们试图在钢琴上演奏爵士音乐。
裕兴版新概念英语第二册笔记_第十课
第十课Not for jazz单词讲解关键句型课文讲解练习复习补充内容单词讲解New words and expressions★jazz n. 爵士音乐a kind of music★musical adj. 音乐的music student : the student who learned musicmusical student :有音乐天赋的★instrument n. 乐器instrument=musical instrument★clavichord n. 古钢琴a kind of instrument★recently adv. 最近recently=lately★damage v. 损坏★key n. 琴键key to the doorDo you know the key(答案）to the question?key(关键)structure★string n. （乐器的）弦jazz n. 爵士音乐classical music 古典音乐folk music 民族音乐country music 乡村音乐pop (popular) music 流行音乐jazz 爵士音乐play jazz 演奏爵士乐eg. They tried to play jazz on the piano. 他们试图在钢琴上演奏爵士音乐。
rock and roll 摇滚乐rap 拉普乐（说唱音乐）musical adj. 音乐的music [U]a piece of music 一首音乐concert ['kɔnsət] [C] 音乐会musical adj. 音乐的musician n. 音乐家a music lesson 一堂音乐课a music teacher 音乐教师a music lover 音乐爱好者a piece of music 一首音乐face the music 面对失败；面对不愿面对而又不得不面对之事（说法：1.新演员初上舞台非常紧张，但是音乐响起了，不得不上舞台，必须去面对音乐，面对自己不敢面对的事情；2.新兵入伍后参加军事检阅，军乐响起来了，不得不按照节拍去走，哪怕再紧张也没有用。
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新概念英语第二册复习笔记第十课单词学习j azz n. 爵士音乐classical music 古典音乐folk [fəuk] music 民族音乐country music 乡村音乐pop (popular) music 流行音乐jazz 爵士音乐play jazz 演奏爵士乐eg. They tried to play jazz on the piano. 他们试图在钢琴上演奏爵士音乐。
rock and roll ['rɔkən'rəʊl] 摇滚乐rap 拉普乐（说唱音乐）musical adj. 音乐的music [U]a piece of music 一首音乐concert ['kɔnsət] [C] 音乐会musical adj. 音乐的musician [mju:'ziʃən] n. 音乐家a music lesson 一堂音乐课a music teacher 音乐教师a music lover 音乐爱好者a piece of music 一首音乐face the music 面对失败；面对不愿面对而又不得不面对之事（说法：1.新演员初上舞台非常紧张，但是音乐响起了，不得不上舞台，必须去面对音乐，面对自己不敢面对的事情；2.新兵入伍后参加军事检阅，军乐响起来了，不得不按照节拍去走，哪怕再紧张也没有用。
）a musical instrument 一件乐器a misical performance 乐器演奏a musical score [skɔ:] 乐谱musical voice 美妙的声音instrument1) 器具，仪器torture ['tɔ:tʃə] instruments 刑具operation instruments 手术器械2) 乐器musical instrument 乐器-----What kind of musical instrument can you play? 你会演奏哪种乐器呢？-----I can play the guitar. 我会弹吉他。
-----I can play the piano. 我会弹钢琴。
-----I can play the violin. 我会拉小提琴。
-----I can play the saxophone ['sæksə,fəʊn]. 我会吹萨克斯管。
instrument中的----ment是名词后缀movement ['mu:vmənt] 移动government ['ɡʌvənmənt] 政府judgement ['dʒʌdʒmənt] 判断argument ['ɑ:ɡju:mənt] 争论，证据clavichord ['klævikɔ:d] n. 古钢琴recently adv. 最近地；lately adv. 最近地常用在现在完成时以及过去时中eg. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. 最近它被一位客人弄坏了。
eg. They have recently bought a new car. 他们最近刚刚买了一辆新车。
eg. Have you seen him recently. 最近你见过他吗?recent ['ri:snt] adj. 最近的，最新的eg. In recent years there have been great changes. 在最近几年有很大的变化。
eg. What is the most recent news? 什么是最新的消息?eg. The photograph seemed quite recent. 这张照片看起来很新是最近照的。
more recent; most recentdamage ['dæmidʒ] v. 损坏spoil [spɔil] v. 损坏，惯坏，宠坏damage v. 部分损坏destroy [dis'trɔi] v. 毁坏，彻底损坏spoil1) 破坏eg. The rain spoiled our excursion[iks'kə:ʃən]. 雨破坏了我们的远足计划。
2) 腐烂eg. The fish has spoiled in the heated room. 鱼在很热的房间里已经腐烂了。
3) 溺爱eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child. 孩子不打不成器；棍棒出孝子。
damage n. [U] [C]1) 损失[U]a lot of damage 大量损失damage to sth 对……的损失damage to the car 对车辆造成的损失damage to crops 对庄稼造成的损失damage to one’s reputation [,repju'teiʃən] 对某人名声造成的损失2) damages 赔偿[C]v. 损坏1) 部分损坏break 打断cut 剪，砍，割crush [krʌʃ] 压坏，捣坏tear 撕stain [stein] 弄脏都包含在damage 范围之内2) 损害eg. Smoking can damage your health. 吸烟有害于你的健康。
to damage relations between two countries 损害两国之间的关系to damage one’s career[kə'riə] 损坏某人的职业damage one’s good name 损害某人的好名声destroy v. 毁坏，粉碎（希望，计划等）eg. The fire destroyed the whole forest. 大火毁灭了整个森林。
eg. All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal [ri'fju:zəl].我所有的希望被他的一封拒绝信毁灭了。
key n.1) 琴键eg. She struck the keys too hard. 她过分用力敲击琴键。
or: She hit the keys too hard.2) 钥匙the key to the door 这个门的钥匙the answer to the question 这个问题的答案the entrance to the hall 这个大厅的入口the train to London 开往伦敦的火车to表由此及彼的方向性adj. 关键的，主要的key structures 关键句型eg. Who is the key person in this class？谁是这个班里的关键人物？Every student. 人人都是。
a key question 一个关键问题string n. （乐器的）弦1)细绳（比cord 细，比thread粗）a piece of string 一条绳子a ball of string 一卷绳子2) （附在衣服等之上的）带子apron['eiprən] strings 围裙带3) 弦乐器the strings弦乐器violin [,vaiə'lin] 小提琴mandolin [,mændə'lɪn, 'mændlɪn] n.曼陀林(一种琵琶类乐器) cello ['tʃeləʊ] 大提琴harp [hɑ:p] 竖琴viola [vɪ'əʊlə] 中提琴guitar [ɡi'tɑ:] 吉他contrabass ['kɔntrə'beis] 低音弦乐器都是弦乐器clavichord 古钢琴piano 钢琴organ ['ɔ:ɡən] 风琴harpsichord ['hɑ:psɪ,kɔ:d] 大键琴都称为instrumentwoodwind ['wʊdwɪnd]木管乐器brass 铜管乐器percussion [pə'kʌʃən] 打击乐器4) 一串…..，一系列……a string of necklace 一串项链a string of pearls 一串珍珠a string of visitors 一系列的来访者a string of wins 一系列的胜利tied to one’s wife’s apron strings （深受）妻子影响及控制harp on one’s string 旧调重弹，老事重提have a person on a string （口）任意支配某人shock v.使…..不悦或生气，震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的be surprised 对……感到惊讶（中性）be shocked 震惊（贬）be astonished 目瞪口呆，傻了be surprised at/by sth 对…..感到吃惊be shocked at/by sth 对……感到震怒/震惊be astonished at/by sth 对…..感到目瞪口呆surprise n.以surprise为例eg. Mary’s birthday is coming. I’ll give her a surprise.玛丽的生日就要到了，我要给她一个惊奇。
a surprise party 一个意外聚会to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是allow [ə'lau] v. 允许，让（非正式用语）permit [pə'mit] v.允许，让（法律条文规定，正式用语）permit ['pəmit] n. 通行证1) allow doing…..允许做eg. We don’t allow smoking. 我们不允许吸烟。
2) allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事eg. My mean boss doesn’t allow me to use the telephone.我那个吝啬的老板不允许我使用电话。
allow yourself to make mistakes 不要对自己太严格，要允许自己犯错误。
3) 授与人…..eg. He allows his son too much money. 他给儿子太多的钱。
allowance [ə'lauəns] n. 津贴；补助；零用钱(Am.)eg. make an allowance of 5% for cash payment 付现金打9.5折make allowances for 考虑到touch v. 触摸touch-me-not 凤仙花forget-me-not 勿忘我eg. Don’t touch me. 别碰我。