常见的修辞格翻译5
修辞格与翻译

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❖What salt is to food, wit and humor are to conversation and literature.
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1. Simile (明喻)
❖A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.
❖ 妙语与幽默对于会话与文学,恰似盐对于食物一 样。
❖What sculpture is to a block of marble, (that) education is to the soul.
❖ 教育之于心灵,犹如雕刻之于大理石。 ❖What blood vessel is to a man’s body, (that)
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2. Metaphor (暗喻;隐喻)
❖A metaphor also makes a comparison between two elements, but unlike simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated.
❖Metaphor 借自希腊语metapherein一词,原意 为transfer (转换)。它也是一种比喻手法,但 是形式简练,表达含蓄,无需借助比喻词,而是 直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写。
修辞格翻译

拟人(Personification) 拟人(Personification)
拟人就是把动物和没有生命的事物当成有思想感 情的人类来描写,甚至让它们具有人的行为。这 些事物可以是无生命的实体,还可以是抽象的概 念, 如:a smiling moon(微笑的月亮),a 如:a moon(微笑的月亮),a crying city(哭泣的城市),to strangle justice city(哭泣的城市),to (扼杀正义)等。 英汉两种语言中都有这种修辞手法,在翻译的时 候一般可采取直译的方法再现原文的生动形象。
3)We must work to live, and they give us such mean wages that we die. (Oscar Wilde, The Young King) King) 我们不得不做工来养活自己,可是他们只给我们那么少的 工钱,我们简直活不下去。 (巴金译) 4)Nay, he said—yes you did—deny it if you can, that said— did— you would not have confessed the truth, though master had cut you to pieces. (Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling) Foundling) 他还说——你是这么说的,有本事你就抵赖好了。你还说, 他还说——你是这么说的,有本事你就抵赖好了。你还说, 就是老师把你剁成肉酱,你也绝不招出实情。(萧乾译)
修辞格翻译(2 修辞格翻译(2)
转喻(Metonymy) 转喻(Metonymy)
转喻就是借与人或事物有关联的事物来指代人或事物。根 据上下文,既可以直译,也 可以意译。首先请看下面的例句: 1)Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? 生命当真如此可贵,和平当真如此甜蜜,竟值得以枷锁和 奴役为代价去换取吗? 在这里,chains(枷锁)指代“束缚”,直译既可以保留 在这里,chains(枷锁)指代“束缚”,直译既可以保留 原文的感染力,又可以为读者理解。但并不是在所有情况 下直译都是最好选择,例如:John 下直译都是最好选择,例如:John spent many years in chains beforehe saw his family again. Chains 在这里指 代“囚禁”,若译成“约翰在枷锁中过了许多年才又见到 他的家人”则嫌不够自然,可意译成“约翰在监牢里呆了 很多年才又见到他的家人”。
英语常用修辞格的翻译

省略;Ellipsis
eg:妈妈让他洗碗,她就不洗。 译文:Mother tells her to wash the dishes, but she will not(do it)
移就;Transferred Epithet
把本来用以修饰人的形容词移属于同人有关的抽象物 或具体物,这种貌似错误、实为妙用的修辞格叫做 “移就”(Transferred Epithet),它通过词语巧妙 的“移植”,来取得常规搭配所无法得到的效果。
转喻;Metonymy
Biblioteka eg: 秃头站在白背心的略略正对面,弯了腰, 去研究背心上的文字。(鲁迅:《示众》) 译文:Baldy,standing almost directly opposite White Jerkin,stooped to study the characters written on his jerkin. 有时采用意译更为合适 eg: 英雄所见略同。 译文:Great minds think alike.
递升;Climax
把事物按由小到大、由短到长、由低到高、由轻到重、由近 到远、由易到难、由浅到深等次序说下去,这种修辞手法叫 递升,英语里称作 climax。运用这一修辞手法,能够使要表 达的思想逐步加深、感情逐步强化,因而能增强语言的说服 力和感染力。 eg:事情就是这样,他来进攻,我们把他消灭了,他就舒服了。 消灭一点,舒服一点;消灭得多,舒服得多;彻底消灭,彻 底舒服。( 毛泽东:《关于重庆谈判》) 译文:This is the way things are:if they attack and we wipe them out,they will have that satisfaction;wipe out some,some satisfaction;wipe out more,more satisfaction;wipe out the whole lot,complete satisfaction.
浅析英语习语中的修辞手法及其汉译

浅析英语习语中的修辞手法及其汉译作者:张枫来源:《新课程·教研版》2009年第21期摘要:习语是各种修辞手段的集中表现。
本文分析了英语习语的修辞特点,提出英语习语的翻译策略,有助于人们更好地理解与欣赏英语习语的文化内涵,提高运用语言的能力。
关键词:英语习语修辞翻译如果说英语习语是语言文化中一道美味的菜肴,修辞艺术就是这道菜肴中必不可少的调料。
多种多样的修辞手法美化和人化了英语习语,其中常用的修辞手法有明喻、暗喻、转喻、提喻、拟人、夸张、对照等等。
谙熟其修辞方式,了解其翻译的规律,有助于我们更好地理解与欣赏英语习语的文化内涵,提高运用语言的能力。
本文就英语习语中几种常见的修辞格及其翻译方法粗略地谈谈自己的看法。
一、英语习语中常见修辞格1.明喻(The simile)。
明喻就是用甲事物直接比作乙事物,把本体和喻体通过比喻词联系起来,以便使事物的形象更加逼真,说理更加透彻,具有说服力。
常用比喻词有as,like,seem,as though 等。
例如:March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb. 三月天气来如猛狮,去如绵羊。
2.隐喻(The metaphor)。
隐喻又称“暗喻”,是间接地把一物同与其具有某种相似点的另一物相比较。
隐喻的本体与喻体之间无需比喻词,直接把本体说成喻体。
例如:Money is the root of all evil. 金钱是万恶之源。
3.转喻(The metonymy)。
转喻也叫换喻,即对某一事物不直呼其名,用另一与之相关的事物代称。
在转喻中,本体和比喻词都不出现,而以喻体代替本体。
例如:No cross,no crown... 不经磨难, 就没有成功。
(cross“十字架”,crown“王冠”,喻指荣誉。
)4.提喻(Synecdoche)。
提喻也称代喻,它的典型特征是以局部代替整体,抽象代替具体,特殊代替一般,反之亦然。
英语修辞的翻译

提喻 (synecdoche)
No one grasped you by the shoulder while there was still time; and naught will awaken in you the sleeping poet or musician or astronomer that possibly inhabited you from the begi得目瞪口呆的事。他体内充 满创造力的魔鬼不停地挣扎,挥舞魔爪又抓 又挖,试图冲出体外。魔鬼一边撕扯,一边 尖声狂叫,要他谱写藏于体内的乐曲。他遭 受这般折腾,可是他那可怜的脑袋和身躯却 没有被压跨,岂不奇哉怪也。
双关 (Pun)
--What does that lawyer do after he dies? --Lie still.
矛盾(Oxymoron)
3. Parting is such sweet sorrow. (Romeo) 别离是如此地又甜蜜又令人心酸。
4. We are terribly pleased to hear the good news. 我们听到这一好消息真是欣喜若狂。
委婉(Euphemism)
1. That luster has taken a fancy to Middle Eastern dancing. 那个好色之徒现在开始喜欢看肚皮舞。
也许你一生下来就具有成为诗人、音乐家或天 文学家的天赋,但在时间还不算晚的时候,没 有人拉你一把,时机一过,就再也无法唤醒在 你身上沉睡着的才能了。
转喻(Metonymy)
转喻又称借代。它故意不用需要说的人或 物的本称,而是借用与该人或物密切相关 的事物来代替。
“A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.” (Webster’s New World Dictionary)
翻译中常见的修辞格

翻译中常见的修辞格由于我们精通汉语,所以英语写作中有各种各样的修辞手法。
今天,我将向你介绍20种最常见的英语修辞格。
仔细体验它们,并尝试在您的作文中使用它们:1、Simile 明喻明喻是指具有共同特征的不同事物的比较,共同特征存在于人的内心而非事物的自然属性。
标志词常用:like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。
举个例子1. I wandered lonely as astay dog.我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。
2. Einstein likes to put a cloak on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 爱因斯坦喜欢披着斗篷,就好像刚刚从童话故事中走出来。
2、metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
举个例子1. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.希望是顿美好的早餐,但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。
2. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.一些书需要被“浅尝辄止”地阅读,另一些需要被“狼吞虎咽”般地阅读;很少一部分需要被“细嚼慢咽”地阅读。
3、metaphor 隐喻,暗喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.举个例子1. 以容器代替内容,例如:1)The kettle boils.水开了。
2)The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。
2. 以资料、工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。
3. 以代替作品,例如:a plete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集4. 以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。
英语中所有26种修辞手法的全部解释和例句

英语修辞手法总结Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, orto create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile:(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor:(暗喻)It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the worldis a stage.3) Analogy: (类比)It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人)It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张) It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述) It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. Itachieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it,impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉) It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻)It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻) It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or thewhole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressedin silks.10) Antonomasia (换喻)It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (双关语) It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙) It has two connotations.In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mindis figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配) It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, orapplying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)14) Irony: (反语) It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.15) Innuendo: (暗讽) It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (讽刺) It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语) It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰) It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (对照) It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句) It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (渐进) It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity,like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降)It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe: (顿呼) In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词) It is a figure of speech where an epithet (anadjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleeplessnights on my project.25) Alliteration: (头韵) It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声) It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movementExplanation version1一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
第8课 修辞格的翻译

樱花红陌上,柳叶绿池边。 (《周恩来诗选<春日偶成>》 The pathways red with cherry blossoms; The lakeside green with willow leaves.
2.4 设问( question and answer)
设问就是用自问自答的形式来达到增强语 气、吸引注意力的效果,并可以起到承上 启下的作用,常用直译。例如: 1 ) Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 2) To what is the increase of population? In part, I suppose, to a general increase in prosperity. 3) 既然小李已经向他道歉,他应该怎么做 呢?当然是原谅小李了。
2.1 Repetition
根据表达的需要,重复使用同一语句或词语的 修辞手法叫反复。可以突出感情,分清层次, 增添旋律美,加强节奏感。 April, April, Laugh thy girlish laughter. (W. Watson) 四月呀四月, 笑吧,姑娘般地笑吧。 A thin man in a thin overcoat watched them out of thin, emotionless eyes. 一个骨瘦如柴、衣服单薄、双目失神的男子注 视着他们。
Wherefore feed, and clothe, and save, From the cradle to the grave, Those ungrateful drones who would Drain your sweat—nay, drink your blood? —Song to the men of England Percy Bysshe Shelly
修辞与翻译

• 英语里 as ... as ...结构的明喻大多可以 直译 : • as cold as ice 冰冷 • as hot as fire 火热 • as hard as rock 坚如磐石 • as light as feather 轻如鸿毛
• 下面的直译生动形象,也能被中国读者 所理解接受: • as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌 • as bold as a lion 像狮子一样勇猛 • as cheerful as a lark 像云雀一样快 活 • as blind as a bat 瞎得像蝙蝠
• 这个辞格在汉语和英语修辞里有着共同 的特点,那就是明显地打比方,在本体 和喻体之间都出现显而易见的喻词,如: 汉语里的 “像”、“好像”、 “比如”、 “仿佛”、“好比”、“像……一样”、 “如……一般”等等;英语里的like,as, as if,as though 等等。在翻译时,我 们可利用其共同特点,用译文中相应的 喻词来译原文里本体之间的喻词。
英语 metaphor兼有汉语修辞格隐喻、借喻以及拟物的格式, 作用也与这几种汉语修辞格基本相同。(毛荣贵,廖晟: 2005)
拟人;Personification
1) 每条岭都是那么温柔,虽然下自山脚, 上至岭顶,长满了珍贵的林木,可是谁 也不孤峰突起,盛气凌人。(老舍: 《小花朵集》)All the ridges were so amiable. None of them stood above the others with arrogance,though their slopes were fully covered with precious trees.
• B:明喻又称 “显比”,“直喻”,“明比”,是 一种十分明显的比喻。明喻是本体 ,喻体 ,比喻词 都要出现的比喻 。本体与喻体之就是 : A 象 B。
英语常见修辞格分类总结

英语常见修辞格分类总结**《英语常见修辞格分类总结工作总结(一)》**在英语学习和使用中,修辞格的运用就像是给语言穿上了华丽的衣服,让表达变得更加生动有趣。
**一、明喻(Simile)让表达更加形象**我觉得明喻这个修辞格就像一个放大镜,能把事物的特点放大,让人们看得更清楚。
就像莎士比亚在他的作品中经常使用明喻,“Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?(我能否将你比作夏日?)”他把心爱的人比作夏天,夏天有着美好的阳光、温暖的气息,这样一比喻,我们就能深刻感受到他对爱人那种热烈的喜爱之情。
我自己在写英语作文或者描述事物的时候,也试着用明喻。
比如说描述一个很害羞的女孩,我会写“S he is like a timid little rabbit.(她就像一只胆小的小兔子)”。
这一下就能让读者在脑海中勾勒出这个女孩害羞的模样。
每次我用明喻的时候,就感觉像是在给读者画一幅画,把我看到的、感受到的,用一种很直观的方式传递给他们。
**二、隐喻(Metaphor)蕴含更深的含义**隐喻啊,它有点像一个神秘的宝藏盒。
表面上看只是普通的一句话,但里面却藏着很深的意义。
拿马丁·路德·金来说,他的演讲中就有很多隐喻。
他说“I have a dream that one da y this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to beself - evident, that all men are created equal.'(我有一个梦想,有一天这个国家会站起来,实现其信条的真正含义:我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的,即人人生而平等。
)”这里把美国这个国家的发展隐喻为一个人的“站起来”,暗示着国家走向平等和正义。
英文修辞手法及例句

英语修辞手法12级商务英语1班高腾学号02011) Simile:(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.1.In his dream he saw the tiny figure fall as a fly 在他的梦中他看见那小小的人影像苍蝇一般地落了下来。
————《英语文摘》2015-2比喻形象生动,把人影比作苍蝇突出其渺小。
2.The old man’s hair is as white as snow.老人的头发雪白。
———The Washington Post2)Metaphor:(暗喻)It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.1.Life is an isthmus between two eternities. 生活是永恒的生死两端之间的峡道——《21 century》2014-32.I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.————《英语文摘》2015-2这里用肌肉代指力气,肌肉的功能也就是出力气,直接用肌肉来代表则用了暗喻手法,加强表达效果。
英汉互译之修辞格的翻译

有时采用意译来翻译转喻更为合适 1) Great minds think alike. (= Great people think alike.) 英雄所见略同。(不宜译成 “伟大的脑袋 所见略同。”) 2) Gray hair should be respected. (gray hair = the aged) 老年人应受到尊敬。(不宜译成 “灰头发 应受到尊敬。”)
3) Her olfactory system was suffering from a temporary inconvenience. (= Her nose was blocked.) 她的嗅觉系统暂时有些不便。(=她鼻塞。) 4) His brother is a disturber of the piano keys. (= pianist) 他哥哥是一个跟钢琴键找麻烦的人。(=钢琴家) (这些折绕句有着幽默的效果。)
现在可知的汉语修辞手法有六十三大类,七十八小类。
常见修辞手法:
明喻;暗喻;拟人;夸张; 讳饰;转喻;省略;折绕; 移就;通感;呼告;递升; 递降;反语; 排比;设问; 反问;谲辞
1. 直译法 ——对可译的辞格,尽可能直译
明喻 Simile 1) 刘玉翠回到村里,就好比是住进了监牢里。 (康濯《春种秋收》) Having returned to the village,Liu Yucui felt as if she had got into prison. 2) He drove as if possessed by the devil. 他着魔似的驾车狂奔。
1) 每条岭都是那么温柔,虽然下自山脚,上至岭 顶,长满了珍贵的林木,可是谁也不孤峰突起, 盛气凌人。(老舍:《小花朵集》) All the ridges were so amiable. None of them stood above the others with arrogance, though their slopes were fully covered with precious trees.
常用英语修辞格的翻译

点评: 形象转换. “不可译”转化”成了可译”
He is a fool who cannot be angry, but he is really a wise man who will not.
• Ship-owners fear that saving jobs in Britain’s ailing shipyard comes before saving its merchant fleet. (Andrew Neil. Britannia Rues the Waves)
• 船主们担心英国把在奄奄一息的造船厂 中保证就业看得比拯救商船队更重要。
alliteration (头韵)
• It was splendid population—for all the slow, sleepy, sluggishbrained sloth stayed at home.(Noel Grove. Mark Twain—Mirror of America) • 这里的人们是了不起的,——因为所有 那些行动迟缓、昏昏欲睡、蠢笨如牛的 人都留在家乡了。
• Advice and correction roll off him like water off a duck’s back. • 劝导对他好象水过鸭背似的 (不起作用)。
2.
替换比喻
• 比喻的事物是各民族特有的成语典 故 • 当差异不利于理解,而汉语里恰有 相对应的固定比喻,可用中国特有 比喻来替换 • 从审美角度看,客体形式的改变, 正是为了产生相同的审美效果。
修辞格的翻译方法

修辞格的翻译方法修辞格在文学创作中起着非常重要的作用,它可以增添语言的美感和表达的深度。
然而,在翻译修辞格时可能会遇到一些困难,因为不同语言之间的文化差异和语法结构的不同会影响到修辞格的表达。
本文将探讨一些常见的修辞格,并提供相应的翻译方法。
1. 比喻比喻是一种常用的修辞格,它通过将一个事物与另一个事物进行类比,来传达一种特定的意义。
在翻译比喻时,译者可以采用直译、意译或借用文化隐喻的方法。
直译可以保留原文的意思,但可能会使翻译变得生硬。
意译可以根据目标语言的习惯表达方式,转换成与原文相似的比喻。
借用文化隐喻则是利用目标语言中的习语或典故,以更好地传达比喻的意义。
2. 拟人拟人是指将非人类事物赋予人类特征和行为的修辞格。
在翻译拟人时,译者可以采用拟人化翻译、反过来拟人化或进行象征性的表达。
拟人化翻译将非人类事物描写成具有人类特征的形象,以增强读者对其感知。
反过来拟人化则是将人类事物描写成具有非人类特征的形象,以达到修辞效果。
象征性的表达则是通过使用象征性的词语或句子,来传达拟人的意义。
3. 反问反问是一种通过提出问题来强调某种观点或表达强烈情感的修辞格。
在翻译反问时,译者可以保留原文的问句形式,或将其转换为断定句来传达其强调的意义。
保留问句形式可以更好地传达原文的情感色彩,但可能会影响到读者的理解。
转换为断定句则可以更直接地表达反问的意义,但可能会丧失一部分原文的情感。
4. 倍数修辞倍数修辞是指通过使用倍数来强调数量或程度的修辞格。
在翻译倍数修辞时,译者可以保留原文的倍数表达,或根据目标语言的习惯表达方式进行转换。
保留倍数表达可以更好地传达原文的程度或数量,但可能会使翻译变得生硬。
转换为目标语言的习惯表达方式则可以更好地适应读者的阅读习惯,但可能会丧失一部分原文的修辞效果。
总结起来,翻译修辞格时,译者应根据具体情况选择适当的翻译方法。
直译可以保留原文的意思,意译可以更好地适应目标语言的表达方式,借用文化隐喻和象征性表达则可以利用目标语言的文化背景和习语,来传达修辞格的意义。
有关英语的修辞表达剖析

一.相似或关联修辞格(figures of resemblance or relationship)(一)allegory ['ælɪg(ə)rɪ](讽喻;寓言)(二)allusion [ə'luːʒ(ə)n; -'ljuː-](引喻)(三)analogy [ə'nælədʒɪ(类比;比拟)(四)animism ['ænɪmɪz(ə)m](比拟;卡通法;动画法)(五)antonomasia [,æntənə'meɪzɪə; æn,tɒnə-] (借代;换称)(六)conceit [kən'siːt](比附比喻)(七)dysphemism ['disfimizəm](贬损;贬抑)(八)enallage [en'ælədʒɪ](替换)(九)euphemism ['juːfəmɪz(ə)m](委婉)(十)fable ['feɪb(ə)l](寓言)(十一)homericsimile(荷马风格式明喻)(十二)kenning ['kenɪŋ](迂说)(十三)metalepsis [,metə'lepsɪs](借代;转义)(十四)metaphor(隐喻)(十五)metaphor(1)deadmetaphor(融合隐喻终休隐喻)(十六)metaphor(2),alivemetaphor(鲜活隐喻)(十七)metaphor(3),extendedmetaphor(延展隐喻)(十八)metaphor(4),mixedmetaphor(矛盾隐喻)(十九)metaphor(5),metaphorofsuccessionwithoutconfusion(协调隐喻)(二十)metaphor(6),personal(anthropomorphic)metaphor(拟人隐喻)(二十一)metaphor(7),submergedmetaphor(潜性隐喻)(二十二)metaphor(8),organicmetaphor(象征隐喻)(二十三)metaphor(9),telescopedmetaphor(联珠隐喻)(二十四)metaphor(10),sustainedmetaphor(强进隐喻)(二十五)metaphor(11),diminishingmetaphor(玄学派隐喻)(二十六)metonymy(借代;换喻)(二十七)parable(比喻;寓言)(二十八)personification(拟人)(二十九)personification(1)prosopopoeia(拟人)(三十)personification(2)patheticfallacy(拟人)(三十一)personification(3),apostrophe(呼语)(三十二)personification(4)invocation(呼求;乞灵;祈求)(三十三)phanopoeia(示现)(三十四)simile(明喻)(三十五)simile(1),epicsimile(史诗明喻)(三十六)simile(2),homericsimile(荷马风格式明喻)(三十七)synecdoche(借代;提喻)(三十八)trope(比喻)强调或含蓄修辞格(figuresofemphasisorunder-statement)(一)adynation(玄乎夸张)(二)asyndeton(连词省略)(三)adversativeasyndeton(反意连词省略)(四)amplification(渲染夸张)(五)anastrophe(倒装)(六)anticlimax(突降)(七)antiphrasis(倒词)(八)antistoichon(对照)(九)antithesis(对照)(十)aphorism(格言;警句)(十一)apophasis(阳舍阴取;欲取姑舍)(十二)apostrophe(呼语)(十三)invocation(呼求;乞灵)(十四)autoclesis(阳舍阴取;欲取姑舍)(十五)auxesis(夸张)(十六)bathos(突降;弄巧成拙)(十七)climax(阶升)(十八)contrast(比较;反衬)(十九)correction(补充)(二十)pairingsynonym(同义词配搭)(二十一)epanorthosis(补充;补证)(二十二)epigram(隽语)(二十三)jeud’esprit(隽语)(二十四)euphuism(尤菲绮斯体;绮丽体)(二十五)exaggeration(夸张)(二十六)exergasia(尤菲绮斯体;绮丽体)(二十七)hyperbaton(倒装)(二十八)hyperbole(夸张)(二十九)innuendo(暗贬;暗讽)(三十)inversion(倒装)(三十一)irony(悖反)(三十二)irony(1),verbalirony(措辞悖反反语)(三十三)irony(2),situationalirony(情况悖反)(三十四)irony(3),dramaticirony(戏剧性悖反)(三十五)irony(4),tragicirony(悲剧性悖反)(三十六)irony(5),comicirony(喜剧性悖反)(三十七)irony(6),cosmicirony(命运悖反)(三十八)irony(7),theironyoffate(命运悖反)(三十九)irony(8),worldirony(命运悖反)(四十)irony(9),philosophicalirony(命运悖反)(四十一)irony(10),romanticirony(浪漫性悖反)(四十二)irony(11)socraticirony(苏格拉底式悖反)(四十三)irony(12),rhetoricalirony(措词悖反;反语)(四十四)irony(13),dialecticalirony(辩证悖反)(四十五)litotes(含蓄肯定;含蓄悖反)(四十六)meiosis(含蓄陈述)(四十七)negation(含蓄肯定)(四十八)oxymoron(矛盾修饰;精警)(四十九)paradox(矛盾隽语;警策)(五十)paraleipsis(假省略真强调)(五十一)paralepsis(假省略真强调)(五十二)paralipsis(假省略真强调)(五十三)preterition(假省略真强调)(五十四)sarcasm(讽刺)(五十五)satire(讽刺;嘲讽)(五十六)satire(1)horatiansatire(贺拉斯式讽刺)(五十七)satire(2)juvenaliansatire(朱维诺尔式讽刺)(五十八)satire(3)indirectsatire(间接讽刺)(五十九)syncrisis(比较;对照)(六十)syneciosis(对照;反衬)(六十一)systrophe(定义堆累)(六十二)tapinosis(明夸暗损)(六十三)understatement(含蓄陈述)(六十四)vision(示现)三.语音修辞格(figuresofsound)(一)alliteration(头韵)(二)assonance(准押韵)(三)consonance(谐音)(四)dissonance(噪音)(五)repetition(重复)(六)repetition(1),anadiplosis(尾首重复;联珠;顶针)(七)repetition(2)anaphora(首语重复)(八)repetition(3),antanaclasis(原词多义)(九)repetition(4),catchwordrepetition(尾首重复;联珠;顶针)(十)repetition(5),chiasmus(颠倒重复)(十一)repetition(6),correction(矫正重复)(十二)repetition(7),cumulation(同意重复)(十三)repetition(8),echo(回声重复)(十四)repetition(9),epanadiplosis(首词尾复)(十五)repetition(10),epanalepsi(嵌插重复)(十六)repetition(11),epanaphora(首语重复)(十七)repetition(12),epanastrophe(尾首重复)(十八)repetition(13),epanodos(逆转重复)(十九)repetition(14),epanorthosis(矫正重复)(二十)repetition(15),epidiplosis(首词尾复)(二十一)repetition(16),epiphora(尾语重复)(二十二)repetition(17),epistrophe(尾语重复)(二十三)repetition(18),epizeuxis(紧接重复)(二十四)repetition(19),gemination(紧接重复)(二十五)repetition(20)gradation(尾首重复;层递重复)(二十六)repetition(21)identicalrhyme(原词押韵)(二十七)repetition(22),incrementalrepetition(歌谣重复;悬念重复)(二十八)repetition(23),ploce(原词多义;同语新义)(二十九)repetition(24),palilogy(紧接重复;嵌插重复)(三十)repetition(25),paregmenon(同源重复)(三十一)repetition(26),regression(逆转重复)(三十二)repetition(27),symploce(首语、尾语合并重复)(三十三)repetition(28),polyoptoton(转化重复)(三十四)repetition(29),tautology(累赘重复)(三十五)repetition(30),refrain(叠句重复)(三十六)onomatopoeia(摹声)(三十七)melopoeia(音响辅义)四.文字游戏修辞格(verbalgame andgymnas-tics )(一)ambiguity(意中寓意;双关)(二)anagram (拆词命意)(三)antistrophe(同语颠倒重复)(四)doubleentendre(黄色双关)(五)hendiadys(双词单意)(六)hypallage(移就)(七)palindrome(回文)(八)parody(仿拟)(九)paronomasia(双关)(十)portmanteauword(熔合词)(十一)prolepsis(预言示现)(十二)pun(双关)(十三)quibble(双关)(十四)quip(双关)(十五)reverse(易位)(十六)syllepsis(1)(一词多叙)(十七)syllepsis92)(兼顾)(十八)transferredepithet(移就)(十九)zeugma(拈连)五误用收效修辞格(rhetoricalexploitationoferrors)(一)anachronism(超前夸张)(二)bull(言辞矛盾)(三)catachresis(滥用比喻)(四)circumlocution(迂曲)(五)malapropism(误换)(六)metathesis(音位转换)(七)mimesis(模仿)(八)periphrasis(迂曲)(九)spoonerism(字母误换)六.描绘性词语(descriptivewords)(一)bulk(体积描摹)(二)characteristicapposition(特征性同位语)(三)descriptivewords(描写性词语)(四)epexegesis(诠注)(五)epithet(属性词语)(六)homericepithets(荷马式属性词语)英语同源修辞格是一种特殊的重复修辞手法。
常见的修辞格翻译 (1)

他清清楚楚地看见一条丁字街,横在他 眼前。 He saw distinctly the cross-road ahead of him. After that long talk, Jim became the sun in her heart. 那次长谈之后,吉姆成了她心中的太阳。
权曰:“今听臣言,则西蜀有泰山之安, 不听臣言,则主公有累卵之危矣。” Huang Quan replied: “Heed my words and our rule can be secure as Mountain Tai. Heed them not and your own position will become as precarious as a pile of eggs. ”
With this faith we will be able to hoe out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. 抱有这个信念,我们就能从绝望之山凿出希望 之石。抱有这个信念,我们就能把我们这个民 族中那些刺耳的噪音变成一部歌颂手足之情的 美妙交响曲。
常见的修辞格翻译
一、比喻(figure of speech)
比喻无处不在,为各语言文化共有。 比喻有四个要素:本体(tenor),喻体 (vehicle),比喻词(comparative word)及相似点(point of resemblance)。这里主要谈谈明喻 (simile)和暗喻(metaphor)的翻译。
常见的修辞格翻译

一、比喻(figure of speech)
比喻无处不在,为各语言文化共有。 比喻有四个要素:本体(tenor),喻体 (vehicle),比喻词(comparative word)及相似点(point of resemblance)。这里主要谈谈明喻 (simile)和暗喻(metaphor)的翻译。
张飞听了,瞋目大叱曰:“我哥哥是金枝 玉叶,你是何等人,敢称我哥哥为贤弟! 你来!我和你斗三百合!” The moment Zhang Fei heard this, his eyes widened and he shouted, “Our brother is a prince of the blood, a jade leaf on the golden branch. Who are you to call him ‘young brother’? Come out now and fight three hundred rounds with me. ”
后曰:“旦夕如坐针毡,似此为人,不 如早亡!妾看宦官中之忠义可托者,莫 如穆顺,当令寄此书。” “Day and night we sit on pins,” the Empress continued. “I prefer death to a life like this. Among our eunuchs Mu Shun is loyal and true. He could deliver the letter.”
权曰:“今听臣言,则西蜀有泰山之安, 不听臣言,则主公有累卵之危矣。” Huang Quan replied: “Heed my words and our rule can be secure as Mountain Tai. Heed them not and your own position will become as precarious as a pile of eggs. ”
高考语文文言文常见修辞的翻译

文言文常见修辞的翻译班级姓名 _________________一、比喻的翻译1、明喻仍译为明喻。
古文中的明喻一般与现代汉语的使用习惯相同,所以直译就行了。
例:(1)皆玄衣白刃,剽疾如猿猴。
(《冯婉真》)译文:“像猿猴一样剽悍敏捷”。
(2)火烈风猛,船往如箭。
(《赤壁之战》)译文:“船像箭一样往前冲”。
2、暗喻用了比喻词的,仍译为暗喻不用比喻词的,译为明喻。
例:(1)如今人方为刀俎,我为鱼肉。
译文:现在人家是刀和砧板,我们是鱼和肉。
(2)古来万事东流水。
译文:自古以来万事都像东去的流水一样。
(3)夫秦王有虎狼之心。
译文:秦王有像虎狼一样凶狠的心肠。
3、借喻译为它所比喻的事物,即把喻体还原成本体。
例:(1)北筑长城而守藩篱。
《过秦论》译文:在北边筑起长城来把守边疆。
(2)误落尘网中,一去三十年。
《归园田居》译文:误入污浊的官场,一误就是三十年。
二、借代的翻译古今汉语在借代的使用上差别很大,如果把借代直译过来,会让人感到不易理解和接受,所以借代应意译,译为它所代替的人或物。
1、肉食者鄙,未能远谋。
《曹刿论战》译文:做官的人见识浅陋,不能做长远的打算。
2、意北亦尚可以口舌动也。
《指南录后序》译文:考虑到元军也许还能够用言语来打动。
3、大阉亦逡巡畏义,非常之谋难于猝发。
译文:魏忠贤也迟疑不决,害怕正义,篡位的阴谋难于立刻发动。
4、沛公不胜杯杓,不能辞。
《鸿门宴》译文:沛公承受不住酒力,不能前来告辞。
5、洎牧以谗诛,邯郸为郡。
《六国论》译文:等到李牧因为谗言被杀害,赵国成了秦国的一个郡。
三、夸张的翻译1、状态、程度方面的夸张,仍译为夸张,前面加上“像要”或“快要”。
例:(1)相如因持璧却立,倚柱,怒发上冲冠。
《廉颇蔺相如列传》译文:蔺相如于是拿着和氏壁退后站在那里,靠在柱子上,愤怒得头发像要顶起帽子。
(2)成顾蟋蟀笼虚,则气断声吞。
《促织》译文:成名回头看到蟋蟀笼空着,就急得快要出不来气,说不出话。
2、数量方面的夸张,可把数量词换成表示“多”“高”“大”等副词、形容词例:军书十二卷,卷卷有爷名。
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一些人清醒,多数人被蒙蔽,少数是右 翼骨干。(《毛泽东选集》) Among the members of these parties some keep their heads, many are deceived, and a small number make up the nucleus of the right wing.
Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. (William B. Yeats) 教育不是注满一桶水,而是点燃一把火。
“难道这也是个痴丫头,也像颦儿来葬花不成?” 因又暗自笑道:“若真是葬花,可谓‘东施效 颦’了,不但不为新奇,而且更为可厌。” (《红楼梦》) “Can this be another absurd maid coming to bury flowers like Daiyu?”he wondered in some amusement. “If so, she‟s Tun Shih imitating His Shih, which is not original but rather tiresome.” (Note: His Shih was a famous beauty in the ancient kingdom of Yue. Tung Shih was an ugly girl who tried to imitate her ways.)
张飞听了,瞋目大叱曰:“我哥哥是金枝 玉叶,你是何等人,敢称我哥哥为贤弟! 你来!我和你斗三百合!” The moment Zhang Fei heard this, his eyes widened and he shouted, “Our brother is a prince of the blood, a jade leaf on the golden branch. Who are you to call him „young brother‟? Come out now and fight three hundred rounds with me. ”
The enemy‟s Achilles‟ heel was his harbour defense. 敌人的致命处在于其海港防御。
更多实例分析: 月光如流水一般,静静地泻在这一片叶子和花 上。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里。叶子和花仿佛 在牛乳中洗过一样;又像笼着轻纱的梦。 Like flowing streams, moonlight rushes down, silently clothing every leaf and flower. The lotus pond is cloaked in light mist. (Mist floats above the lotus pond.)The leaves and flowers are somewhat white now as though they had been bathed in milk. One will feel he is in a dream covered with thin gauze.
后曰:“旦夕如坐针毡,似此为人,不 如早亡!妾看宦官中之忠义可托者,莫 如穆顺,当令寄此书。” “Day and night we sit on pins,” the Empress continued. “I prefer death to a life like this. Among our eunuchs Mu Shun is loyal and true. He could deliver the letter.”
New York was never mecca to me. And though I have lived there more than half my life, you won‟t find me wearing an “I love New York” T-shirt………….. 纽约对于我来说绝不是麦加。虽然我已 经在这里住了大半辈子,你却不会看到 我穿上一件印有“我爱纽约”字样的T恤。 (麦加:位于沙特阿拉伯西部,伊斯兰 教徒的朝圣地,后此专业名词普通化, 意为“圣地”或“渴望之地”。)
英汉语明喻标记比较明显,一般需出现比喻词, 汉语如像、如、仿佛、似等,英语如like,as, as if/though等。 英语的隐喻大致分三类:1.A is B;2.N1 of N2; 3.只出现本体。 All the world‟s a stage, and all men and women merely players. 整个世界是座舞台,男男女女,演员而已。
他清清楚楚地看见一条丁字街,横在他 眼前。 He saw distinctly the cross-road ahead of him. After that long talk, Jim became the sun in her heart. 那次长谈之后,吉姆成了她心中的太阳。
She has a photographic memory for detail. 她对细节有照相机般的记忆力。 (把her memory比作camera,但喻体 camera没有出现。)
汉语暗喻大致也有三种,1.判断结构“甲是 乙”;2.本体和喻体同时出现,但无判断词; 3.状语加中心词(偏正式的结构) 薛蟠也假说来上学,不过是“三天打渔,两天 晒网”……也不曾有一点儿进益。(《红楼 梦》) Xue Pan had hastened to register himself as a pupil. His school-going was, needless to say, a pretence – “One day to fish and two days to dry the net” as they say – and had nothing to do with the advancement of learning. (杨宪益,戴乃迭)
树缝里也漏着一两点灯光,没精打采的, 是瞌睡人的眼。 Through the branches are also a couple of lamps, as listless as sleepy eyes. 他就像一只斗败的公鸡似的垂头丧气。 He was shaken and unnerved like a defeated fighting cock.
权曰:“今听臣言,则西蜀有泰山之安, 不听臣言,则主公有累卵之危矣。” Huang Quan replied: “Heed my words and our rule can be secure as Mountain Tai. Heed them not and your own position will become as precarious as a pile of eggs. ”
常见的修辞格翻译
一、比喻(figure of speech)
比喻无处不在,为各语言文化共有。 比喻有四个要素:本体(tenor),喻体 (vehicle),比喻词(comparative word)及相似点(point of resemblance)。这里主要谈谈明喻 (simile)和暗喻(metaphor)的翻译。
潭西南而望,斗折蛇行,明灭可见。 (柳宗元《小石潭记》) Viewed from the southwest, the pond sometimes zigzags like the shining Big Dipper and sometimes winds gloomily like a long creeping snake.
曹操下令军中曰:“今刘备釜中之鱼, 阱中之虎;若不就此时擒捉,如放鱼入 海,纵虎归山矣。众将可努力向前。” Cao Cao instructed his men: “Liu Bei‟s a fish in our pot, a tiger in our trap. If we don‟t take him, here and now, we‟ll be letting the fish back into the sea, setting the tiger free in the hills. Press forward and spare no effort.”
比喻的翻译方法主要有:直译、直译加 注、转换、意译等。明喻一般直译;暗 喻中英汉语共有的“A是B”结构比较适合 直译;带有文化内涵的习语型比喻常直 译加注;不适合直译的暗喻可考虑转换 为明喻,或者改变喻体;放弃比喻修辞, 翻译意义。
何等动人的一页一页!这是人类思维的 花朵。(徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》) What inspiring chapters! They are the flowers of the human brainwork.
Hold fast to dreams, For if dreams die, Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. (Langston Hughes) 紧紧抓住梦想吧, 如果梦想死亡, 生命就像折翼的鸟儿, 再也不能飞翔。
把这个赵寡妇在屏风后急得像热锅上的 蚂蚁一样。 All this made Zhao the widow behind the screen as frantic as an ant on a hot furnace. Marriage is a book of which the first chapter is written in poetry and remaining chapters in prose. 婚姻是一本书,第一章以诗写成,其余 各章则以散文写成。