大白菜收获机机械部分(输送机构)的设计

摘要

随着新的农业生产模式和新技术的发展与应用，农业机器人将成为农业生产的主力军。该文在分析大白菜收获机工作特点的基础上，从大白菜的采摘、转运、打包等方面进行分析。其中主要对输送部分做了详细的说明。该大白菜收获机适用于家用收割大白菜，结构简单、制造成本低。

该大白菜收获机的输送部分采用带式输送，而张紧装置作为带式输送机构中不可缺少的重要组成部分，对带式输送机的稳定运行有着至关重要的作用。本文首先介绍了张紧装置的作用、类型，且设计了张紧装置的总体方案，对其主要零部件的设计和选型进行了说明。所设计的张紧装置使用螺杆作为张紧执行元件，具有张紧力可调、结构简单、适应性强、控制方便、安全性能好等特点。

关键词：大白菜、收获机、带式输送、张紧装置、螺杆

Farm machinery robot is to become the capital ship of the agriculture.This paper introduced gathering ,transporting and packing cabbage,on the basis of the working peculiarity of the cabbage harvest machinery,and it mainly introduced its transporting mechanism. The cabbage harvest machinery is suitable to gather in the cabbage for family expenses.

The cabbage harvest machinery use belt conveyors as its transporting mechanism,while Tensioning device, as an important and indispensable component of the belt conveyor, has a vital role to the stable operation of the belt conveyor . This paper introduces the role of the tensioning device,type,installation layout principles, and its development profile.And then raised the tension of the belt conveyor to the tension and take-up device requirements, on the basis the analysis of the principle of the transmission belt conveyor. In this paper, the main device design programme of the automatically tensioning device have been introduced, and descripte its main components for the design and selection of the note.The tensioning device use the screwstaff as the take-up of the implementation component.,with adjustable tension, simple, strong adaptability and control convenience, performance and safety and so on.

Keywords：C abbage ；harvest machinery；Belt conveyors；tensioning；Screwstaff

绪论 ........................................................... - 1 -

1 大白菜收获机的概述 (2)

1.1大白菜收获机的总体结构设计 (2)

1.2收获机提升运输装置设计 (3)

1.2.1带式提升运输装置的设计 (3)

1.2.2传动方案的设计 (3)

1.2.3方案的优缺点 (4)

1.3收获机输送部分结构设计 (4)

1.4锁紧机构设计 (5)

2 输送机构的设计 (7)

2.1 输送机构的组成 (7)

2.2 输送机构速度的确定 (8)

2.

2.张紧方案的确定 ................................................................................................................... - 9 -

3. 张紧装置的工作过程 ....................................................................................................... - 10 -

针对螺旋张紧的缺点，主要采取了以下措施： ....................... - 11 -

（1） 在滚筒表面粘贴了橡胶层，加大摩擦系数，防止打滑； ......... - 11 -

（2） 螺杆与支撑板采用小间隙配合，螺杆不容易后退； ............. - 11 -

（3） 设计的滑架也可在机架上移动，螺杆生锈时，可通过移动滑架来调整张紧力。 ............................................................... - 11 -

2.3.2 输送带的选择 ............................................................................................................. - 11 -

0P ——单根V 带在特定条件下所能传递的功率kw ，查表得1.85kw ............................. - 13 -

0P ∆——考虑1≠i 时单根V 带所能传递功率的增量，0.06kw ......................................... - 13 -

αK ——包角系数，考虑0180≠α时对传动能力的影响，查表得0.95 .......................... - 13 -

L K ——长度系数，考虑带长不等于特定带长时对寿命的影响，查表得0.89 ................ - 13 - ()743.089

.095.006.085.12.1=⨯⨯+=Z ........................................................................... - 13 - 因此采用1根V 带。 ............................................................................................................ - 13 -

2.3.4 支撑轴的设计 ............................................................................................................. - 13 -

1.根据前面算出的带速s m v /5.1=即可根据如下的公式算出滚筒的转速： ................ - 13 - 9.8135

.014.3605.1=⨯⨯==

d vt n π（转/分） ............................................................................ - 13 - 取滚筒的转速为90（转/分） .............................................................................................. - 13 -

2.轴的材料选用45钢，调质处理，力学性能为：抗拉强度MPa b 640=∂,弯曲疲劳极限