非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作定语和状语
A A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
3). The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded D. being recorded
C Figure” award, a title _____ to ordinary
people for their contributions to
environmental protection.
A. being given B. is given
C. given
D. was given
不定式（to do)
②The question _b_e_i_n_g__d_is_c_u_s_s_e(ddiscuss) at the
meeting now is of quite importance.
③The question __t_o_b_e__d_i_s_cu__s_se_d(discuss) at the
meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. have been bought D. buying
解析：此题学生最易错选的答案为Ａ或Ｃ。依据上面 陈述，填入Ａ或Ｃ句子都有两个谓语动词，而此 处两个动词并非并列谓语，也不是分别出现在主 从句中，故答案有误。该题正确答案为Ｂ， bought through a computer为一过去分词短语作后 置定语，句中只有一个谓语can be lower than。当 然此题如改为Prices of daily goods which have been bought through…也是正确的，因为这一动 作出现在从句中。
非谓语动词做状语方法
非谓语动词做状语方法非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词的形式，但不具备时态等谓语动词的特征。
非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
在句子中，非谓语动词可以充当状语，对动作或状态进行修饰和补充，使句子更加丰富和准确。
下面将介绍几种常见的非谓语动词做状语的方法。
一、动词不定式做状语动词不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成的形式，在句子中可以作为状语来修饰动作或状态。
常见的动词不定式做状语的用法有以下几种：1. 作目的状语动词不定式可以表示动作的目的或出发点，常用的短语有“in order to”、“so as to”、“to”等。
例如：- I went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.- He studied hard in order to pass the exam.2. 作结果状语动词不定式可以表示动作的结果或后果，常用的短语有“so as to”、“to”等。
例如：- She ran fast to catch the bus.- He worked hard to earn more money.动词不定式可以表示动作的方式，常用的短语有“to”、“in order to”等。
例如：- They danced together to celebrate the victory.- He spoke loudly to make himself heard.4. 作原因状语动词不定式可以表示动作的原因，常用的短语有“for”、“to”等。
例如：- She apologized to him for being late.- He thanked her for helping him.二、动名词做状语动名词是由动词加上-ing构成的名词形式，具有动词和名词的特点，可以作为状语来修饰动作或状态。
常见的动名词做状语的用法有以下几种：1. 作原因状语动名词可以表示动作的原因，常用的短语有“by”、“by means of”等。
非谓语动词作定语和状语
当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不 定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语 定式动作的承受者时， 也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。 态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。 1). I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything ___________(take) to your son? to be taken 2). Are you going to Beijing? Do you have anything __________(take) to your son?
进去分词作定语与其修饰的名词有“动宾关系” 进去分词作定语与其修饰的名词有“动宾关系”，表 示一个被动或完成的动作，相当于一个被动的定语从句。 示一个被动或完成的动作，相当于一个被动的定语从句。 1) Some of the experiments ____ in the book
C
are easy to perform. A. describing B. to be described C. described D. to describe 2) It is said that Beijing University was the first A institute of higher learning_____ in China. A. established B. being established C. to be established D .having been established
A
C
不定式（ 不定式（to do)
非 谓 语
过去分词(-ed) 过去分词 分词 现在分词(-ing) 现在分词
-ed 分词
- ing 分词
非谓语动词做状语
非谓语动词做状语非谓语动词作为状语是指在句子中不能作谓语，但可以做状语的动词形式。
它可以作时间、原因、条件、让步、结果等状语，可以提供句子里的信息，使句子充实而生动。
一、非谓语动词作时间状语1.由过去分词组成的状语过去分词表示过去发生的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该在过去发生。
如：He left without saying goodbye, leaving me standing there alone.他没有说再见就走了，留下我独自站在那里。
2.由现在分词组成的状语现在分词表示正在进行的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该正在进行。
如：She comes to visit us every week, bringing us some nice food.她每周都会来看望我们，并带来一些美食。
3.由having done 组成的状语having done 表示过去已经完成的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该在过去完成的动作之后发生。
如：Having finished the exam, he went home and had a good rest.考试结束之后，他回家好好休息了。
二、非谓语动词作原因状语由because of，due to，owing to，thanks to等引导，接名词或动词不定式，作原因状语，表示主句动作的原因。
如：Because of the heavy rain, we had to cancel our picnic.由于下雨，我们不得不取消野餐了。
三、非谓语动词作条件状语由if，unless，in case，on condition that，provided (that)，supposing (that)等引导，接动词不定式，作条件状语，表示“假设”的意思，表示主句动作的前提，即要想主句动作成立，必须满足什么条件。
非谓语动词做状语
二. done/being done/having been done 做状语 主语与非谓语动词之间为被动关系； having been done 发生在主句谓语动词之前
1. Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.
2. Compared with those who lived in the slums, Children here are really lucky.
过去分词可以以下成分:
1.表语 The teacher is moved. 2. 定语 I don’t like the man talked about at the party. 3. 宾补 We heard a song sung in her room. 4. 状语 Lost in a newspaper, She didn’t notice me.
He is too careful not to have noticed that. 他那么小心,肯定会注意到那一点的。 She is too sad not to help crying. 她那么伤心，忍不住哭了。 I am only too glad to help you.我很高兴能帮助你。 I am only never too glad to know you. 认识你我再高兴不过了。
s )
一. 非谓语动词做状语的形式： 二. doing/ having done 三. done/being done/having been done 四. to do/ to be done
五. 二. 做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语， 辩逻辑关系，判动词先后
If I am given more time, I’ ll catch up with you.
非谓语动词之分词作状语(公开课课件)PPT课件
分词短语作时间状语
表示分词的动作与句子主语的动作在 时间上有先后关系，如“Having finished his work, he went home.”
04
分词作状语的注意事项
分词作状语与从句的区别
分词作状语通常表示伴随、时 间、条件等关系，而从句则可 以表达更复杂的关系和意义。
分词作状语不具有主语和谓语， 而从句有主语和谓语。
详细描述
分词作状语通常紧跟在主语之后 ，表示主语执行的动作或状态的 方式、时间、条件、原因等，是 对主语动作或状态的补充说明。
分词作状语的种类
总结词
分词作状语可以分为现在分词作状语和过去分词作状语两种 。
详细描述
现在分词表示主语正在进行的动作或存在的状态，而过去分 词则表示主语已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
非谓语动词的用法
用作主语
例如，To learn English is important.（学习英 语很重要。）
用作宾语
例如，I like reading books.（我 喜欢读书。）
用作表语
例如，The problem is to find a solution.（问题在于 找到一个解决方案。）
分词作状语的特殊用法
分词短语作伴随状语
分词短语作条件状语
表示分词的动作与句子主语的动作同 时发生，如“He left, accompanied by his secretary.”
表示分词的动作与句子主语的动作在 条件上有因果关系，如“Given more time, they could have done better.”
练习一
请将下列句子中的分词转换为适 当的状语从句。
句子
Hearing the news, she jumped with joy.
非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。
若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。
这种结构称为“独立结构”。
其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的代词又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。
“独立结构”在句中起状语作用，相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。
功能独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
例如：表示时间The meeting over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
表示条件The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
表示原因There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
表示伴随情况Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。
(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)用法独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
高考语法复习之非谓语动词做状语及与状语从句的相互转化与语法填空的应用
非谓语动词作状语高考对非谓语动词作状语的考查多与对动词其他形式的考查同时进行主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1．不定式作状语；2．-ing分词作状语；3．-ed分词作状语。
一、不定式结构作状语不定式结构作状语通常有以下几种情况：1、目的状语（分词一般不能作目的状语）He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly .To catch the train ,she hurried through her work注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用，构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。
To get there in time, we got up very early.= In order to get there in time, we got up very early.= We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.2、原因状语不定式结构作原因状语常用在作表语用的形容词后。
I’m sorry to hear that .We’re proud to b e young people of China .We are glad to hear the news．3、结果状语不定式结构作结果状语，有时表示未曾预料到的、或令人不快的结果。
（常和only连用）。
He ran all the way to the station ,only to find the train had left .★而现在分词作结果状语常常是可以预料的结果，是伴随谓语动词而产生的自然结果The police opened fire ,killing the robber .He died ,leaving his wife with five children .4. 有时，不定式还可修饰一个句子，表明说话人的态度。
非谓语动词作状语 逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系-概述说明以及解释
非谓语动词作状语逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述非谓语动词作状语以及逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系是语法学中重要的概念，对于理解句子的结构和意义起着关键的作用。
非谓语动词可以以动词、形容词、副词和介词短语的形式出现在句子中，并且在句子中起到修饰或补充动词的作用。
有时，非谓语动词能够包含丰富的信息，使句子更具表达力和准确性。
逻辑主语是一个概念，指的是在一个句子中承担实际动作或状态的实体或事物。
逻辑主语与动词之间存在着主被动关系，也就是动词所表示的动作或状态是由逻辑主语所承担的。
主动语态表示逻辑主语执行动作，而被动语态则表示逻辑主语接受动作。
本文旨在探讨非谓语动词作状语的定义、分类和用法，并且分析非谓语动词作状语的实际运用。
同时，我们还将深入研究逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系，介绍逻辑主语的定义和作用，以及动词的主被动关系的规律。
通过示例分析，我们将展示非谓语动词作状语和逻辑主语与动词的主被动关系的重要性和实际应用。
最后，本文的结论将总结非谓语动词作状语的重要性，并归纳逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系的规律。
同时，本文也将探讨对语言学研究的启示，以期为语法学领域的进一步研究提供参考和借鉴。
通过对非谓语动词作状语和逻辑主语与动词的主被动关系的深入理解和应用，我们可以更好地理解句子的结构和意义，提高语言表达的准确性和流利性。
1.2 文章结构2.1 定义和分类：在本章中，我们将探讨非谓语动词作状语的相关概念和分类。
非谓语动词是指在句子中作除谓语外的其他成分的动词形式。
它们可以用来修饰主语、谓语、宾语以及其他成分，起到状语的作用。
根据用途和形式的不同，非谓语动词可以分为分词、不定式和动名词等几种类型。
首先，我们来看分词。
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
现在分词通常以-ing结尾，而过去分词则是根据动词的不同规则变化而来。
分词作状语时，可以表达时间、条件、原因、方式、目的等不同的意义。
其次，不定式是另一种常见的非谓语动词形式。
非谓语动词作状语在写作中的应用(教案)
非谓语动词作状语在写作中的应用课时安排：每章2课时，共10课时第一章：非谓语动词概述1.1 非谓语动词的定义和分类1.2 非谓语动词的作用和用法1.3 非谓语动词与谓语动词的关系第二章：非谓语动词作状语的定义和功能2.1 非谓语动词作状语的定义2.2 非谓语动词作状语的功能和作用2.3 非谓语动词作状语的常见类型第三章：非谓语动词作状语的构成和用法3.1 现在分词作状语3.1.1 现在分词作时间状语3.1.2 现在分词作原因状语3.1.3 现在分词作条件状语3.2 过去分词作状语3.2.1 过去分词作结果状语3.2.2 过去分词作方式状语3.2.3 过去分词作伴随状语3.3 不定式作状语3.3.1 不定式作目的状语3.3.2 不定式作结果状语3.3.3 不定式作原因状语第四章：非谓语动词作状语的注意事项4.1 非谓语动词作状语的逻辑主语4.2 非谓语动词作状语的主谓关系4.3 非谓语动词作状语的时态和语态第五章：非谓语动词作状语在写作中的应用实例5.1 现在分词作状语的应用实例5.2 过去分词作状语的应用实例5.3 不定式作状语的应用实例教学评估：通过课堂讲解、练习和写作实践，评估学生对非谓语动词作状语的理解和应用能力。
教学资源：教案、PPT、练习题、写作材料。
教学方法：采用讲解、练习和写作实践相结合的方式，帮助学生理解和掌握非谓语动词作状语的用法。
通过实例分析和练习，培养学生在写作中灵活运用非谓语动词作状语的能力。
第六章：现在分词作状语的扩展应用6.1 现在分词作让步状语6.2 现在分词作转折状语6.3 现在分词作对比状语第七章：过去分词作状语的扩展应用7.1 过去分词作假设状语7.2 过去分词作强调状语7.3 过去分词作比较状语第八章：不定式作状语的扩展应用8.1 不定式作可能状语8.2 不定式作选择状语8.3 不定式作程度状语第九章：非谓语动词作状语的复合应用9.1 非谓语动词作状语的复合结构9.2 现在分词与过去分词的复合应用9.3 不定式与现在分词、过去分词的复合应用第十章：非谓语动词作状语在写作中的高级应用10.1 非谓语动词作状语的连用10.2 非谓语动词作状语的独立主格结构10.3 非谓语动词作状语的倒装句式教学评估：通过课堂讲解、练习和写作实践，评估学生对非谓语动词作状语的理解和应用能力。
非谓语动词作状语
• He walked up and down the room, lost in thought.
注意：
• 1.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，常用于 一些系表结构中。此时的过去分词既不表被 动也不表完成，而表示一种状态。这样的词 有：lost；seated；hidden；lost/absorbed in； dressed in；tired of 等。
• Though beaten, we were not discouraged. • =Though we were beated, we..
• Once tasted, the dish is hard to forget. • =once it is tasted,语 的区别：
• 可表示原因.结果.条件.让步.方式伴随等，可转 化为相应的状语从句
• 1.表时间 • Walking out of the room, he saw the boy still
there.
• = when he walked out of the room, he...
• Having made full preparations, we are ready for the exam.
• Honestly speaking, he is not fit for the job. • Judging from his accent, he is from the
south.
三、过去分词ed作状语
• 过去分词做状语可表示被动和完成的动作。 • 表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式等，相
• If you don’t make use of time, you will regret.
非谓语动词作状语
2. Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 原因状语
3. If working hard, you will do well in your exams.
条件状语
4.A flood struck the small town ,killing at least 5people.
Homework
Ⅰ完成课本上25页练习
Ⅱ Multiple- choice questions
1. ________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep
B. Sleeping
C. Sleep
D. Having sleep
1. ________ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
2. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.
2. 就这样被你征服，切断了所有退路。 ——《征服》 Conquered by you ,I have no retreat.
3. 爱真的需要勇气来面对流言蜚语。 ——《勇气》 Love does need courage to face the gossip.
非谓语动词作状语
一、非谓语动词的形式
$200
T or F questions
非谓语动词做状语在写作中的应用
非谓语动词做状语在写作中的应用非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），它们在写作中做状语时可以丰富句子表达，增强文采。
一．动词不定式做状语1.目的状语可以用来表示目的，常放于句首或句末。
例如，“To improve my English, I read English novels every day.”（为了提高我的英语水平，我每天读英语小说），这里的“To improve my English”表明了读书这个行为的目的。
在句尾时，如“I get up early to catch the first bus.”（我早起是为了赶上头班车）。
2.结果状语常与“only”连用，表示出乎意料的结果。
例如，“He rushed to the station only to find the train had left.”（他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了）。
二．现在分词做状语1.时间状语当分词的动作与主句的动作同时发生时，可以用现在分词作时间状语。
例如，“Walking in the park, I met an old friend.”（在公园里散步的时候，我遇到了一位老朋友），“Walking in the park”这个动作和“met an old friend”同时发生。
2.原因状语表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
如“Being ill, he didn't go to school.”（因为生病了，他没去上学），这里“Being ill”是他没去上学的原因。
3.伴随状语表示伴随状况，与主句的动作同时进行。
比如，“The girl sat there, reading a book.”（女孩坐在那儿，读着一本书），“reading a book”伴随“sat”这个动作。
过去分词做状语1.时间状语和现在分词类似，当过去分词表示的动作先于主句动作时，可作时间状语。
非谓语作状语的5种形式
非谓语作状语的5种形式非谓语动词作状语主要有以下五种形式：1. 分词作状语（现在分词和过去分词）- 现在分词表示主动和进行，通常表示时间、原因、条件或伴随状况。
- 过去分词表示被动和完成，通常表示时间、原因、条件或伴随状况。
Example:- (现在分词) Running in the park, I found a lost wallet.- (中文翻译) 在公园跑步时，我找到了一个丢失的钱包。
- (过去分词) Given more time, I could finish the task.- (中文翻译) 如果给我更多的时间，我就能完成这个任务。
2. 不定式作状语- 表示目的、结果或原因。
Example:- (目的) To improve my English, I read books in English every day.- (中文翻译) 为了提高我的英语水平，我每天阅读英文书籍。
- (结果) He worked hard to pass the exam, only to fail.- (中文翻译) 他努力工作以通过考试，结果却失败了。
- (原因) To see her smile is to understand her happiness.- (中文翻译) 看到她的微笑就能理解她的幸福。
3. 句子作状语- 通常是一个完整的句子，用来修饰主句，表示原因、条件、时间等。
Example:- (原因) Because it was raining, we canceled the trip.- (中文翻译) 因为下雨，我们取消了旅行。
- (条件) If it rains, we will stay at home.- (中文翻译) 如果下雨，我们就待在家里。
- (时间) When the bell rings, the class will start.- (中文翻译) 当铃声响起时，课程就开始了。
非谓语动词作状语课件
1.Please fill in the card giving all the information required.
2. Compared to you, I am indeed very fortunate.
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5. 形容词〔短语〕做状语
1.They are rushed over eager to help. 2. Hungry, he went to a restaurant. 6. 词组做状语
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10. 多个状语连用的次序问题 a. 连用几个状语修饰同一个动词时， 通常按“方式状语+地点 状语+时间状语〞的顺序排列。
1.They talked friendly in the living-room last night. 2.She walked quickly out of the room just now.
professor's suggestions. A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed
2. __D___ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
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1. 副词做状语 1.He often does him homework at five every day.
2. 介词短语做状语
1.We stayed up till midnight. 2.I live in Xinhe.
3. 不定式短语做状语
1.They did everything they could to save the man’s life. 2.We can send a car over to fetch you.
非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语在成份上,非谓语动词都可以作状语.在时态上,ing表"进行",ed表"完成",在语态上,ing 表"主动",ed表"被动".在概念上,ing表"抽象,习惯",不定式表"具体,偶然,将来".非谓语动词(非谓)做状语主要就是要把握非谓与主句主语的"主被动关系"和主句"动作发生的先后顺序".一般说来,在时间上,非谓的一般式与谓语动作同时发生,完成式先于谓语动作之前发生,进行式在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行.(注意否定词not要加在非谓前)eg: They had a good time at the party, singing and dancing. (一般式)(在派对上玩和唱歌跳舞是同时的,且与主语they呈主动关系)Having waited in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (完成式)(排队等了半个小时后,那个老人忽然意识到自己把支票忘在车上了."排队"这个动作发生在"意识到忘带支票之前")They seemed to be eating something that they had cooked on the fire. (进行式,常常是不定式的进行式.)二.详解1. 不定式作状语表示目的,结果,原因等.其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,如果不是则要加上其自身的主语,即独立主格结构.(ing和ed也一样).不定式要把握以下几点:*表目的用不定式 eg: To finish the work before time, we'd better ask Tom for help. 为了提前完成工作,我们最好找Tom帮忙.* 动作还没发生,将来的,用不定式.*表出乎意料的结果要用不定式.eg: 我们终于到了那里,却发现没有人在那里.In the end, we arrived there only to find nobody there. (对)In the end, we arrived there only finding nodody there. (错)现在分词在句中作结果时表示意料之中的事,而不定式表意料不到的事情.2.分词作状语形式意义ing与逻辑主语呈主动关系,与主句动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生.having done与逻辑主语为主动关系,动作发生在主句动作之前.done与逻辑主语为被动关系,动作完成.being + done 与逻辑主语为被动关系,与为主动作同时发生,一般作原因状语,放名首.having been done与逻辑主语为被动关系,先于主句动作发生.eg: Given more time, he would finish the plan. 多给些时间他就能完成计划.Getting off the bus, she saw her mother. 一下车她就看见了她妈妈.Having passed the exam, she told everybody the good news.通过了考试后,她把这个好消息告诉了每个人.Having been told many times, she still couldn't understand me.跟她说了很多次她还是不能理解我的意思.Being asked to give a speech, she didn't know how to refuse.被邀做演讲时,她不知道怎么拒绝.注:以上各点也适用于非谓语动词做其它成份的情况.混合练习(按步骤:*找主语 *找主句谓语 *判断非谓与主语的主被动关系 *比较非谓和主句动作先后,对照上表来做就不容易出错了)1 _____ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.A. ImprovingB. To improveC. ImprovedD. Having improved【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
(完整word)非谓语动词作状语全解讲解
非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作:1。
主要用作目的状语。
常与 in order to do （为了或 so as to do(以便连用。
so as to 不用于居首。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。
He sat down to have a rest。
他坐下来休息。
He went to France to learn French. 他去法国学习法语.They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。
They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路. （停下来的目的2。
作结果状语。
表示出乎意料的结果。
做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有：to find， to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make，to produce 等。
He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了.He woke up to find everybody gone。
他醒来发现大家都走了。
His family was too poor to support him。
他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活. The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf。
这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。
He is old enough to go to school。
他到上学年龄了.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词是指不具有谓语功能的动词形式，常常充当句子中的修饰成分，起到修饰动词、形容词、副词或名词等作用。
在英语中，非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词。
本篇文章将以不定式、动名词和分词分别为依据，介绍非谓语动词作状语的用法和例句。
这些例句都是常见的日常生活和工作场景，希望能对大家的英语学习有所帮助。
（一）不定式作状语不定式是指由to加动词原形构成的动词形式，作为非谓语动词充当状语时，主要表达的是目的、结果、原因、方式、条件等语义。
1. 作目的状语不定式作目的状语常常放在句子前面，表示为了什么目的而去做某事。
- In order to finish the project on time, we worked overtime.- 为了按时完成项目，我们加班工作。
- He left early so as to catch the train.- 他早早离开以便赶上火车。
2. 作结果状语不定式作结果状语表示某个行动或决定的结果。
- He refused to help his sister, causing her great disappointment. - 他拒绝帮助妹妹，使她感到极度失望。
- She failed to complete the task, resulting in a delay.- 她未能完成任务，导致了延误。
3. 作原因状语不定式作原因状语表示为什么会发生某件事情。
- She woke up early to prepare breakfast for her family.- 她早早醒来为家人准备早餐。
- John stayed up late to finish his homework.- 约翰熬夜完成他的作业。
4. 作方式状语不定式作方式状语表示行动的方式。
- He drove carefully to avoid accidents on the icy road.- 他小心地驾驶以避免在冰路上发生事故。
非谓语动词作状语公开课
2012全国卷Film has a much shorter history; especially when c_o_m__p_a_re_d_ compare to such art forms as music and painting B_e_i_n_g_s_t_ru_c_k_strikeby the heavy storm; they felt helpless
2014重庆卷 Group activities will be organised after class __to__h_e_lp__ help children develop team spirit
原则二： 用作伴随状语;原则上要用___d_o_i_n_g_ ……where Mickey Mouse and his friends gather along the street welcoming visitors from all over the world …… meeting the giant mysterious monsters ……meeting movie heroes and symbolic battle scenes
and; but; or; if; because等 注意连词
Suddenly; a tall man driving a golden carriage _s_e_iz_e_d___seize the girl and took her away;d_i_sa_p_p_e_a_r_in_g_ disappear into the woods 2004上海卷
非谓分语词动词 作状语
目让的步
原因
条件
结果
时间
伴随 方式
非谓语状语
非谓语状语非谓语动词指的是在句子中不做谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
如果句子中已经有了谓语动词，并且没有连词，那么其他的动词就需要用非谓语形式。
可以做状语的非谓语形式有动词分词、不定式。
非谓语动词做状语有以下几种用法：1.分词做状语分词有现在分词和过去分词，根据动作与主语的关系决定；另外还有各种时态，根据动作发生的时间和顺序决定（doing, having done, done, being done, having been done）。
当主语与非谓语动词为主动关系时，非谓语动词用现在分词形式，如果动作发生在主句谓语之前则用having done的形式。
当主语和非谓语动词为被动关系时，非谓语动词用过去分词形式。
（1）时间状语：Working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
When completed, the road will be open to the public. 这条路在竣工后会正式通车。
（2）方式状语（表示伴随）：He sat in the chair reading newspapers. 他坐在椅子上看报。
She came into the office, followed by her assistant. 她走进办公室，身后跟着她的助理。
（3）原因状语：Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
Defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged. 由于被同桌打败，他感到气馁。
（4）条件状语：You won’t pass the exam playing computer games all day. 这样整天玩电脑游戏你是不会通过考试的。
Given more time, I can pass the exam. 如果多给我点时间，我会通过考试的。
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非谓语动词作状语On: at or immediately after the time or occasion ofOn hearing the news, he was angry. (He was angry on (his) hearing the news.)On (my) asking for information I was told I must wait.15．_答案____such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (NMET2001)A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered16. _答案_______ a reply，he decided to write again. (MET92)A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received17. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks，_答案_____that he had enjoyed his stay here. (NMET94)A. having addedB. to addC. addingD. added18. _答案______ in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET96)A. LostingB. Having lostC. LostD. To lose19. ----I…ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind look ing after my cat?----Not at all. _答案______ . (NMET96)A. I…ve no timeB. I‟d rather notC. I…d like itD. I‟d be happy to20. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him_答案________ . (NMET95)A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not to答案及思路点拨1 C agree需跟不定式作宾语，故排除A，B；不定式动作发生在谓语动词之后，故用不定式的现在式。
2 D regret接动名词表示后悔做了某事。
3 A should love to do是固定用法，故排除C，D；该不定式和其主语为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。
4 B 该题考查疑问词+不定式的用法。
5 B 该题考查不定式作表语的用法。
not to make和前面的tomake构成对比，故不能用动名词not making。
6 C imagine需跟动名词作宾语。
7 D 该题为catch sb. doing结构。
stealing为其逻辑主语the girl的补语。
8. A 该题为consider sb. to do结构的被动语态，故应排除B，D；由于不定式动作发生在以前，故用不定式的完成式。
9 A 该题为see sb. doing的被动语态。
该题用现在分词强调最后见到那个孩子时正在进行的动作。
10 A 根据句中studied这一过去时态，可知不定式应选择完成式，表示“以前在国外学习过。
”11 C 该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语。
由于其逻辑主语the plan和carry out为被动关系，故用过去分词。
12 A invite和artists为被动关系，而且根据题意，动作已经完成，故用过去分词作定语。
13. D 句中非谓语动词和其所修饰的词为被动关系，故排除A；由于动作已经发生，应用过去分词。
14. B 该题非谓语动词和所修饰的词noise为主动关系，故用现在分词。
15. A 该题为分词短语作原因状语，由于分词动作发生在谓语动作以前，故用完成式。
16 C 该题为分词短语作原因状语。
由于非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故用完成式；not doing为分词的否定结构，故选C。
17 C 该题为分词短语作伴随状语。
18 C 该题为分词短语作原因状语。
由于句子主语和lose为被动关系故用过去分词。
19 D 该题考查动词不定式的省略。
根据上文，不定式符号to后面省略了look after your cat。
20 A 该题为tell sb. not to do sth.的省略，只保留不定式符号to。
(五) 综合训练题I. 用非谓语动词改写下列句子1. Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?2. He was the first one who came to school this morning.3. He came in order that he may borrow my bike.4. He was so angry that he was unable to speak.5. The pen which was given by my father yesterday is quite expensive.6. While he was walking along the sands，Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of aman…s foot.7. As he was ill，he went home.8. Though it is picked twenty times a year，the tea tree still grow well.9. She worked hard，so that she caught up with others.10. The teacher came into the classroom and he was followed by a group ofstudents.II. 改错1. He will drive the car repairing now.2. I saw a boy running out of the shop just now.3. The children stood there，and watching the little monkey.4. Being ill，so he stayed at home.5. I do mind having been kept to wait here in such cold weather for so long.6. Looking out of the window of our hotel room，there were lots of mountains.7. The main trouble was their having not enough machine tools to help them makerepairs.8. Mr Green made it know to this friends that he did not want to enter politics.9. The doctor did what he could do an operation on the badly wounded patient.10. He felt himself to be seized by a strong arm from behind when climbing intothe house through the window.11. We are requested to be present at a party held at the Great Hall next Friday.12. He is believed to leave last Monday.13.I didn…t know you were a thief，stole bread out of the mouths of women andchildren.14. I will not go to attend her birthday party unless to be invited.15.They couldn…t stand treating like that.III. 单项选择1. The soldiers had him _答案______ with his back to his father.A. to standB. standC. standingD. stood2. The boy is looking forward __答案_______ a gift.A. to be givenB. to being givenC. to giveD. to giving3. What is the way Smith thought of __答案______ enough money to buy the newhouse?A. gettingB. having gotC. being gotD. to get4. He is not what he _答案_______ .A. used toB. used to beC. was used toD. didn…t used to5. He said he wouldn…t come to the party if he wasn‟t __答案______ .A. invitedB. being invitedC. invited toD. inviting6. ______ by his looks，the young man _答案_______ be a foreigner.A. Judging；canB. Judged；mustC. Judging；mustD. Judged；should7. 答案_______ to visit us made us feel very happy.A. My uncle comingB. My uncle had comeC. My uncle cameD. My uncle…s coming8. Last summer I took a course on __答案______ .A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dressesD. how dresses to be made9. ---Good morning. Can I help you?---I…d like to have this package _答案_______，madam.A. be weighedB. to be weighedC. to weighD. weighed10. ---- I usually go there by train.----Why not _答案______ by boat for a change.A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going11. Rather than _答案_______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ________ abicycle.A. ride；rideB. riding；rideC. ride；to rideD. to ride；riding12. How stupid _答案_______ his advice!A. it is for us not to takeB. of us not to takeC. it is for us not takingD. of us not taking13. I shall be interested __答案_____ what your experience has been over the matter.A. in hearingB. to hearC. hearingD. listen for14. ---I…d like to buy an expensive sports car.---Well，Mike，we have got several models __答案________ .A. to be chosen fromB. to chooseC. to choose fromD. for choosing15. The terrible rainstorm prevented the sports meet _答案______ last Wednesday.A. to holdB. to be heldC. from holdingD. from being heldIV. 用括号中动词的适当形式完成下列信函We look forward to __1__(see) you again next week. You need __2__ (be) careful in __3__ (get) the underground to come here: you should take a train __4__ (go) to Edgware, because the trains __5__ (go) to Highgate do not come to Golders Green. You ought __6__ (stop) __7__ (look) at the train-indicator on the platform. If you prefer __8__ (travel) by bus, take a Number Two but be careful __9__ (ask) the conductor __10__ (tell) you where to get off. I prefer __11__ (travel) by bus to __12__ (travel) by tube, but it takes longer. You had better __13__ (ring) me up just before you start out, as I intend __14__ (come) to the station or bus-stop __15__ (meet) you. I am used to __16__ (find) my way about Golders Green, but you might keep __17__ (take) the wrong turning, as many of the streets are very similar. Few things are more infuriating than __18__ (keep) on __19__(go) the wrong way when you know you are near your destination. I will see to __20__ (get) in some of your favourite wine, and I hope __21__ (find) you fit and thirsty when we meet.Yours ever,Tom答案及思路点拨I. 1. Do you have anything to say for yourself?2. He was the first one to come to school this morning.3. He came in order to borrow my bike.4. He was so angry as to be unable to speak.5. The pen given by my father yesterday is quite expensive.6.Walking along the sands, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man…s foot.7. Being ill, he went home.8. Picked twenty times a year, the tea tree still grow well.9. She work hard, catching up with others.10. The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of students.II. 1. repairing---being repaired 分词作定语，须用现在分词的被动式表示正在进行的动作。