小儿肺炎支原体感染28例临床检验分析

小儿肺炎支原体感染28例临床检验分析

发表时间：2019-06-28T14:48:43.207Z 来源：《中国结合医学》2019年第05期作者：王庆丰

[导读] 研究小儿肺炎支原体感染疾病诊断的检验方法。

黑龙江省鹤岗市人民医院黑龙江鹤岗市 154101

摘要：目的：研究小儿肺炎支原体感染疾病诊断的检验方法。方法：分析28例小儿肺炎支原体感染患儿血生化、血细胞分析、血常规、细菌培养、痰支原体培养、酶联免疫法检验、冷凝集试验、血气分析等临床检验的结果。结果：酶联免疫法检验结果显示,28例患儿中9例肺炎支原体上呼吸道感染,10例急性支气管炎,5例支气管肺炎,4例支气管哮喘。痰微生物培养结果显示：28例患儿中支原体阳性10例,肺炎链球菌阳性6例,肺炎克雷伯菌阳性6例,阴沟肠杆菌阳性6例。血常规结果显示：白细胞计数明显上升,其中白细胞计数<4.0×109/L 7例,

(4.0~10.0)×109/L 8例,>10.0×109/L 13例；血小板计数明显上升,血小板计数<10.0×109/L 5例,>10.0×109/L 23例。冷凝集实验结果显示：阴性患儿11例,阳性患儿17例。血沉>20mm/h患儿5例,C反应蛋白(CRP)>10mg/L患儿7例。治疗后,患儿血清CRP水平为(4.41±0.13)mg/L,低于治疗前的(21.43±1.22)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：单一检验结果对诊断小儿肺炎支原体感染不具特异性,只有通过多种实验室检测技术,结合多种检验的结果综合分析,减少假阳性和假阴性,提高诊断率。

关键词：小儿肺炎；支原体感染；疾病诊断

Clinical analysis of 28 cases of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children

Abstract: objective: to study the diagnostic method of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children.Methods: blood biochemistry, blood cell analysis, blood routine, bacterial culture, sputum mycoplasma culture, enzyme-linked immunoassay, condensation test and blood gas analysis were analyzed in 28 children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Results: enzyme-linked immunoassay showed that among the 28 cases, 9 cases had upper respiratory tract infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae,10 cases had acute bronchitis,5 cases had bronchopneumonia, and 4 cases had bronchial asthma.Sputum microbial culture results showed that among the 28 patients, 10 were positive for mycoplasma, 6 were positive for streptococcus pneumoniae, 6 were positive for klebsiella pneumoniae, and 6 were positive for enterobacter cloacae.The results of blood routine examination showed that the white blood cell count was significantly increased, among which the white blood cell count <4.0 109/L in 7 cases,(4.0~10.0) 109/L in 8 cases, and >10.0 109/L in 13 cases.The platelet count was significantly increased, with 5 cases of platelet count <10.0 109/L and 23 cases of >10.0 109/L.The results showed that 11 children were negative and 17 were positive.Blood sedimentation rate >20mm/h in 5 children, c-reactive protein (CRP)>10mg/L in 7 children.After treatment, the serum CRP level was (4.41 0.13)mg/L, lower than (21.43 1.22)mg/L before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: the single test result is not specific for the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children, only through a variety of laboratory testing techniques, combined with a variety of test results comprehensive analysis, reduce false positive and false negative, improve the diagnostic rate.

Keywords: pediatric pneumonia;Mycoplasma infection;Disease diagnosis

前言：肺炎支原体感染在小儿呼吸系统感染中比较多见,其具有流行性,易引发咽喉炎和扁桃体炎等并发症,严重时甚至会让患儿脏器损伤,多器官功能出现障碍,危及生命［1］。所以,临床上要尽快对小儿肺炎支原体感染做出诊断、采取有效措施对症治疗［2］。本次研究旨在提升小儿肺炎支原体感染疾病的诊断效率,回顾了本院近两年诊治的小儿肺炎支原体感染患儿28例的临床资料,现总结如下。

1.资料与方法

1.1一般资料

选取本院近两年收治的28例小儿肺炎支原体感染患儿。其中男19例,女9例,年龄7个月~5岁,平均年龄(3.4±2.2)岁,病程11~45d,平均病程(21.4±10.2)d。患儿均表现有呼吸道感染症状,符合肺炎支原体感染的诊断标准。呼吸道感染症状表现为阵咳、干咳、呼吸困难,伴有高热、哭闹、食欲减退、恶心呕吐等症状,肺部听诊可闻及少量啰音,双肺呼吸音较粗、较低,X线检查可见肺部大片絮状阴影,肺门阴影增厚。

1.2检验方法

对患儿进行血生化、血常规、细菌培养、痰支原体培养、酶联免疫法检验、冷凝集试验、血气分析等临床检验。酶联免疫法：检测对象为特异免疫球蛋白M抗体的含量。在患儿空腹的状态下取静脉血液2ml进行离心分离,取血清放入肺炎支原体检测试剂盒中进行检验。检测结果呈阴性的患儿均需在7d后进行复查［3］。微生物培养：用无菌免拭子在患儿的口腔及咽喉部位反复捻转,采集足够的检验标本,涂抹至细菌培养基,将患儿痰液收集至无菌痰液收集器中,然后放入肺炎支原体鉴定培养基中,在37℃培养箱培养1d后观察培养基颜色：若由红色变黄色且清亮,则检验结果呈阳性；若颜色仍为红色,则检验结果呈阴性；若培养基变黄色但呈浑浊状态,则检验结果无效。冷凝集试验：患儿在空腹状态下抽取静脉血液2ml,放入离心机中分离血清,将上层血清与明胶颗粒反应,若效价>1∶32,则检验结果呈阳性,反之则结果呈阴性。血常规检查：主要检测白细胞计数、红细胞计数、血小板计数、血红蛋白。血气分析：采集患儿前臂动脉血,用肝素抗凝,冰中待检,30min内放入相应仪器中进行检测。

1.3治疗方法

患儿进行阿奇霉素10mg/kg静脉滴注,1次/d,连续使用5d,若患儿症状较重则加用地塞米松辅助治疗；待症状缓解后继续口服阿奇霉素10mg/kg,1次/d,服用3~5d。

1.4观察指标

分析临床检验结果,比较两组患儿治疗前后CRP水平。

1.5统计学方法

采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件处理数据。计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验。

2.结果

酶联免疫法检验结果显示,28例患儿中9例肺炎支原体上呼吸道感染,10例急性支气管炎,5例支气管肺炎,4例支气管哮喘。痰微生物培养结果显示：28例患儿中支原体阳性10例,肺炎链球菌阳性6例,肺炎克雷伯菌阳性6例,阴沟肠杆菌阳性6例。血常规结果显示：白细胞计数明显