语法(二)动词不定式
第十二章动词不定式(思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼)2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳
第十二章动词不定式思维导图知识梳理一、不定式概述动词不定式的基本形式是:“t o+动词原形”,有时可以不带to.不带to的不定式与动词原形同形,但它不是原形,而是一种语法形式.除基本助动词do和情态动词外,英语动词都有不定式形式.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分－主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语.动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语.不定式有时态、语态变化(以do为例):动词不定式的句法作用(一)作主语用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式.To obey the laws is everyone's duty.服从法律是每个人的职责.How to use the computer is a question.怎么使用计算机是一个问题.How to get there is not decided yet.怎样去那里还没决定下来.点拨(1)在很多情况下,常用it作形式主语,而把真实主语不定式放在谓语之后.It was difficult to sell my car.我的车很难卖掉.It's not known where to stay for the night.在哪里过夜还不知道.(2)如果要表示不定式的动作是谁做的,一般在不定式前加一个for短语.It will be a regret for us not to help him.我们没有帮助他是个遗憾.(3)在某些形容词(如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表语时,不定式前常可加一个以of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况.It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation.(我们)拒绝他们的邀请,会显得无礼.(二)作表语作表语,一般紧跟在系动词,如:be, seem, get等后面,用以说明主语.The question is when to start.问题是什么时候启程.You seem to have lost weight.你好像减肥了.What we have to do first is to find a solution.我们得做的第一件事是找出一个解决办法.点拨当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时,这个不定式只作单纯的表语,而不具有未来的含义.(三)作宾语能以不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:agree, begin, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, pretend, start, try, want, wish等.Do you wish to see the manager?你想见经理吗?They decided to learn English hard.他们决定好好学英语.Don't forget to meet me at 6:00.别忘了六点钟和我见面.有些动词,如:tell, advise, show, teach, know, forget, learn , remember, show,understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, decide, discuss等后面,常用带疑问词的不定式作宾语.We don't know who(whom)to ask.我们不知道问谁.We asked how to get to the station.我们问怎么到达车站.Have you decided where to go for your holidays?你们决定到哪儿度假了吗?I don't know whether to apply for the job or not?那份工作我不知道申请还是不申请?(四)作定语I have no time to waste.我没有时间可浪费.Let me find a place to park.我来找个停车的地方.He is always the first to come to work and the last to leave.他总是第一个来上班,最后一个走.点拨不定式修饰something, anything, nothing时,放在它们的后面.如果something, anything, nothing 有形容词来修饰,词序是something(nothing...)+形容词＋不定式.My father had something to do.我父亲有事要办.Have you got anything important to buy?你有什么重要的东西要买吗?(五)作状语不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果、原因等.一般放在被修饰词之后,但在表示目的时,为了强调也可放在句首.1.作目的状语为加强语气在否定式前还可加上in order或so as组成词组(即:in order to...,so as to...),作状语表示目的.To live a long and healthy life, we must learn to have a balanced diet.为了能过长寿而健康的生活,我们必须懂得吃均衡的食品.I stayed there so as to see what would happen.我留在那儿,为的是想看看会发生什么事.In order to help him, we would do everything we can.为了帮助他,我们愿意尽一切力量.2.作结果状语表结果,其逻辑主语通常亦是全句的主语.在“so...as to...”“such...as to..“enough to...”“only to...”以及“too...to...”等结构中的不定式皆表示结果.She is old enough to go to school.她已到了可以上学的年龄了.He was too drunk to drive home.他酩酊大醉,没法开车回家.3.作原因状语She trembled to think of the terrible accident.想到那可怕的车祸,她就不寒而栗.We jumped with joy to hear the news.听到这消息,我们都高兴地跳了起来.(六)宾语补足语1、有很多动词的后面都可以有不定式作宾语补足语常见的这类动词有:advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid, persuade, press, request, teach, warn等.She asked her grandfather to play game with her.她请爷爷跟她一起做游戏.Mother told me to cook the meal.妈妈叫我做饭.2.有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to,这种动词有两类:一类是感觉动词,另一类是使役动词感觉动词:如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等.使役动词:如make, let, have等.Let me do it for you.让我来替你做.Don't let her go out.别让她出去.I made him work hard.我迫使他加劲干.(1)动词help之后,复合宾语中的不定式可带to,亦可不带to.在上述动词转换为被动结构时,其后的不定式必须带to.He was seen to enter the theatre.有人看见他走进了剧院.I was made to do my homework the whole night.我被迫整晚做作业.Can you help me (to) move this table?你能帮我移动一下这张桌子吗?(2)感官动词的宾语补足语有两种形式:不带to的不定式和动词-ing形式.I heard Meimei singing in her room when I went past.我路过的时候听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(路过的瞬间正在唱,所以用singing)We often hear Meimei sing in her room.我们经常听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(经常听见,用不定式)I saw him come in.I saw him coming in.两句话的意思都一样:我看见他进来.用不定式着重于动作的全过程,用动词-ing形式则是强调当时动作的进行情况.3.当谓语动词为think, make, find, consider, feel, regard等词,作宾语的不定式后面有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在补足语的后面I find it easy to learn English well.我发现要把英语学好很容易.三、不定式的主要句型及注意事项(一)不定式的否定式不定式的否定式:not+不定式,经常和ask(tell)sb. to do sth.句型连用.She asked me not to drive him to the station.她要我不要开车送他到车站.Try not to be late.争取不要迟到.Mary asked me not to give my pen to Jimmy.玛丽让我别把笔给吉米.She decided not to come here again.她决定不再到这儿来.点拨不定式的否定式和否定句的区别:I asked him not to open the door.我让他别把门打开.I didn't ask him to open the door.我没让他把门打开.(二)不定式的进行时态进行式:表示在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在进行.It's nice to be sitting here with you.在这儿陪你坐着是非常愉快的.It is unwise for him to be talking that topic all the time.他老是谈论这件事,很不明智.(三)不定式的完成时态完成式表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生时已经完成.She said she was sorry to have missed you.她说她没见到你很遗憾.He seemed to have visited our factory.他好像参观过我们的工厂.They appeared to have met before.他们看来以前见过面.(四)动词不定式的被动语态表示被动意义I didn't want to be told about it.我不想被告知这件事.Nothing seems to have been forgotten.似乎什么也没有被遗忘.The building is said to have been destroyed in a fire two years ago.据说这幢大楼两年前已毁于一场大火.在以某些形容词,如kind, good, silly, honest, bad, stupid, bold, clever, cruel,courteous, nice, rude, sensible, tactful, wise, wrong等作表语时,后面需用以“of+名词(或代词宾格)＋不定式”结构,以说明不定式所表示的动作的执行者是谁(即of短语是不定式的逻辑主语).It's very good of you to come.谢谢你的光临.How silly of you (it is)to make such a mistake!你出了这样的差错,多傻啊！It's very kind of you to say so.多谢你这么说.在had better, had best, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner, would sooner...than, cannot but, do nothing but等结构后面的不定式要省略“to”.You had better write it in English.你最好用英文写.I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里.好题精练一、用-ing形式或不定式的适当形式完成句子1.Do you enjoy_________ football?(play)2.Fred didn't have any money, so he decided_________ a job.(take)3.We're going out for dinner, Would you like_________ us?(join)4.The teacher reminded the students_________ their test paper on time.(finish)5.When I was tired, I enjoyed_________ TV.(watch)6.It was a nice day, so the old man agreed_________ for a walk.(go)7.I'm not in a hurry, I don't mind_________.(wait)答案:1.playing2.to take3.to join4.to finish5.watching6.to go7.waiting二、选择括号内所给词组完成句子,注意括号内“go+v.-ing形式”构成固定搭配的用法(go boating; go fishing; go dancing; go running; go skating; go hunting; go singing)1.She's a good dancer. She always_________ on Saturday.2.I've got a gun. I'll_________ with that strong hunter next weekend.3.“Where is Tim?”“He has. _________ He always runs in the morning.”4.We have enough fish to eat. Our father_________ every day.答案:1.goes dancing2.go hunting3.gone running4.goes fishing三、仿照示例改写下列句子示例:It is very interesting to play baseball.→ To play baseball is very interesting.1.lt was not polite to speak that way before Mr. Lee.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.It can be quite easy to travel by air.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.lt will be no problem to arrive there before noon.____________________________________________________________________________________________4.To make those strangers believe us was so difficult.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.To help Tom speak Chinese well is not at all easy.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:1.To speak that way before Mr. Lee was not polite.2.To travel by air can be quite easy.3.To arrive there before noon will be no problem.4.It was so difficult to make those strangers believe us.5.It is not at all easy to help Tom (to) speak Chinese well.四、选择填空1. _________ the bookstore, he stopped_________ a few books.A. Passing; buyingB. Passing; to buyC. To pass; buyingD. Having passed; to buy2.Bruce,look at your dirty shoes, You'd better_________ them right now.A. washedB. washingC. washD. to wash3. _________ the room, I found the computer_________.A. Entering; stealingB. Entering; stolenC. To enter; stealD. To enter; stealing4.We've worked hard for nearly one hour. Let's stop_________ a rest now.A. haveB. to haveC. havingD. have had5.My mother always tells me not_________ to the net bars(网吧)．A. goB. to goC. goesD. going6.The teacher asked us_________ English for half an hour in the morning.A. reads B reading C. to read D. read7.You will have to get up early tomorrow. Stop_________ TV, Peter.A. watchesB. watchC. to watchD. watching8.I find it hard_________ English well.A. learnB. learningC. to learnD. learns9.The teacher asked John_________ a short talk in our class meeting.A. giveB. to giveC. gaveD. giving10.The girl was too poor_________ a houseA. to buy; to live inB. to buy ;to liveC. buy; to liveD. buying; living in11.It was very late at night, but Mr. Brown still went on_________.A. works B .worked C. working D. work12.Remember_________ him about it before he goes away.A. tellB. to tellC. tellingD. to telling13.Lin Tao is strong enough_________ the big box.A. carryB. to carryC. carryingD. carries14.Her mother told her_________ in bed.A. not readB. not to readC. don't readD. to not read15.When class began, we stopped_________ to the teacher carefully.A. listeningB. listenC. listens D .to listen16.You'd better_________ the cinema by bus.A. don't goB. to goC. to go toD. go to17.What did the manager_________ you to_________ at the meeting?A. tell; sayB. ask; speakC. tell; speakD. ask; talk18.Tom was let_________ in the gate house.A. waitB. to waitC. waitingD. to have waited19.Mr.Hu has enough time_________ the job in two days.A. finishB. to finishC. finishingD. finished20.Look,the building_________ is our library.A. is repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repairing21. _________ no money, I could not buy this coat.A. HaveB. HavingC. To haveD. Have had22.The teacher has something important_________ us.A. to tellB. tellsC. tellingD. told23.Li Ming didn't know_________ next.A. to do whatB. what to doC. how to doD. what do24.I'd love_________ to your birthday party.A. comeB. cameC. to comeD. comes25.It took me two hours_________ by bus.A. to get thereB. to get to thereC. get thereD. get to there答案:1-5BCBBB 6-10CDCBA11-15CBBBD 16-20DABBB21-25 BABCA五、改正下列句子的错误1.He seems to not hear from her.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.I hope see you soon.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.I made them to give the money back.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.The scientist gave us some advice on how learning English.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.No one noticed him to leave the room.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Have you given up to smoke?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.We found him waited at the school gate.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Why not to turn off the light?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.She didn't want me go.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.I don't know to swim.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.China is a developed country belonging to the third world.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.It's getting dark. We have to find a hotel to live.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.He said he had an important meeting to attended.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.They don't allow that people smoke.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.It's difficult sell my car.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:1.He seems not to...2.I hope to see...3.I made them give...4....how to learn...5....him leave...6....given up smoking?7...him waiting...8.Why not turn off...9.She didn't want me to go.10.I don't know how to swim.11....a developing...12....to live in13....to attend.14. ...people to smoke.15...to sell my car.。
初中英语语法精讲2动词不定式用法
动词不定式用法动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。
但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。
另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。
动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。
下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。
一．作主语可以直接作主语。
如：To see is to believe．但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。
如：It's wrong to play tricks on other people．It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy．点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth句型中，表示说话人对客观事件的决断，意为：做…..是……的，it仅作形式主语，真正的主语是to do sthIt is very interesting to read.读书是有趣的It is useful to read.看书是有用的It is healthy to run every day.每天跑步是健康的It is a little difficulty for me to work out this question.解出这道题对我来说有点难It is bad not to finish homework.不完成作业是糟糕的It is bad to be late for school.迟到是糟糕的It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪，与It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth的意义不同。
动词不定式详解课件
功能
典句例示
要点点击 常用it作形式主语， 常用 作形式主语，谓语动 作形式主语 词用单数。 词用单数。 表示主语的“职业， 表示主语的“职业，职责和 性质” 性质”等。 不定式作宾语时， 不定式作宾语时，常跟在下
主语 It's very hard to learn an art.
表语 My goal is to be a scientist.
2．不定式所修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关 ． 系时，不定式往往用主动形式。 系时，不定式往往用主动形式。 Do you have a knife to cut the birthday cake? (A knife cuts the birthday cake.) ) 3．不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句子主语构成逻辑上的 ．不定式作表语形容词的状语， 动宾关系时不定式多用主动形式。 动宾关系时不定式多用主动形式。 This book is difficult to understand.
【解析】 分析句子结构空格后是目的状语，所以用动词不定 解析】 分析句子结构空格后是目的状语， 句意：父亲节即将来临， 式。句意：父亲节即将来临，我已经从银行取了些钱要给父亲买礼 物。 【答案】 B 答案】
2．(2010·江西高考)There were many talented actors out ．(2010·江西高考) 江西高考 there just waiting ________. A．to discover ． C．discovered ． B．to be discovered ． D．being discovered ．
不定式的否定形式的构成： 【温馨提示】 1.不定式的否定形式的构成： 温馨提示】 不定式的否定形式的构成 动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式的符号“ 前直接加上 动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式的符号“to”前直接加上 not，有时为了强调也可以用否定词 ，有时为了强调也可以用否定词never来否定。 来否定。 来否定 It's wrong of you not to go to school on time. 2．在“be＋性质形容词十不定式”结构中，不定式用主动 ． ＋性质形容词十不定式”结构中， 形式表示被动含义。常见的形容词有： 形式表示被动含义。常见的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult， ， ， ， interesting，heavy，pleasant，good，fit，comfortable，safe， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， dangerous，impossible等。 ， 等
动词不定式
动词不定式动词不定式(The Infinitive)动词不定式有两种形式，带to的不定式和不带to的不定式（也称动词原形）。
不定式不能作句子的谓语，但它具有动词的一些特征，如：可以带有自己的宾语、状语及逻辑主语。
一、不定式的特征①及物动词的不定式可以跟宾语I like to read detective stories. 我喜欢读侦探故事。
It is important and necessary to master a foreign language and computer skills.掌握一门外语和电脑技能很重要也很有必要。
②可以被状语修饰He asked me to say my name aloud. 他让我大声说出我的名字。
I was told to drive the car carefully and slowly. 有人告诉我开车要小心，速度要慢。
③没有人称和数的变化：即不受主语的人称和单复数的限定或影响。
She likes to play the accordion. 她喜欢弹奏手风琴。
She liked to play the accordion when she was young. 她很小时就喜欢弹奏手风琴。
④不定式的逻辑主语用for或of引出It's important for us to look into the world. 放眼世界对我们来说很重要。
It's impolite of you to visit someone without telling him in advance.不提前告诉别人去拜访是很不礼貌的。
二、不定式的时态和语态不定式虽没有人称和数的变化，但所表达的动作仍具有时间先后性，具体形式如表：①不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。
She seems to know all, which makes her lose many friends.她似乎什么都知道，这使她失去了很多朋友。
动词不定式的形式和用法
动词不定式的形式和用法动词不定式是英语中一种特殊的动词形式，它有自己的形式和用法。
本文将详细介绍动词不定式的形式和用法。
一、动词不定式的形式1. 基本形式：动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，比如：“to go”、“to eat”等。
动词不定式的基本形式没有时态和人称的变化。
2. 完成形式：动词不定式的完成形式是“to have + 动词过去分词”，例如：“to have gone”、“to have eaten”等。
动词不定式的完成形式表示在动词不定式动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
3. 被动形式：动词不定式的被动形式是“to be + 动词过去分词”，例如：“to be gone”、“to be eaten”等。
动词不定式的被动形式表示动作的接受者是动作的执行者。
二、动词不定式的用法1. 作主语：动词不定式可以作为句子的主语，例如：“To learn English is important for students.”（学习英语对学生来说很重要）。
2. 作宾语：动词不定式可以作及物动词或介词的宾语，例如：“I want to go to the cinema.”（我想去电影院）。
“She is good at playing the piano.”（她擅长弹钢琴）。
3. 作表语：动词不定式可以作系动词的表语，例如：“Her dream isto become a doctor.”（她的梦想是成为一名医生）。
4. 作补语：动词不定式可以作及物动词的宾补，表示动作的目的或结果，例如：“She made a decision to study abroad.”（她决定出国留学）。
5. 作定语：动词不定式可以修饰名词，表示名词的用途、用法等，例如：“a book to read”（一本可以阅读的书）。
6. 作状语：动词不定式可以作句子的状语，表示目的、原因、结果等，例如：“I study hard to pass the exam.”（我努力学习为了通过考试）。
动词不定式的构成与用法归纳
动词不定式的构成与用法归纳动词不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，通常由“to”+动词原形构成。
它具有独立使用和与其他动词共同构成动词短语的特点。
本文将对动词不定式的构成和用法进行归纳总结。
一、动词不定式的构成动词不定式的构成方法是在动词原形前加上“to”，几乎所有动词都可以构成不定式，但有一些特殊情况需要注意。
1. 一般情况大部分动词都能直接在原形前加上“to”构成相应的不定式，例如：to eat（吃）、to sleep（睡觉）等。
例句：She wants to eat an apple.（她想吃一个苹果。
）2. 情态动词后接不定式情态动词后面跟的动词不定式不需要再加上“to”，例如：can/could、may/might、will/would等。
例句：He can swim very well.（他游泳技术很好。
）3. 感官动词后接不定式感官动词（see、watch、hear等）后面跟的动词不定式也不需要再加上“to”。
例句：I heard her sing at the concert.（我听到她在音乐会上唱歌。
）二、动词不定式的用法归纳动词不定式具有多种用法，包括作主语、宾语、定语、状语以及句子的补足语等。
1. 主语动词不定式可以作为句子的主语，通常出现在句子的开头。
例句：To learn a foreign language requires patience and perseverance.（学习一门外语需要耐心和毅力。
）2. 宾语动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语，说明动作的对象或者接受者。
例句：I want to visit my grandparents this weekend.（我想在这个周末去拜访我的祖父母。
）3. 定语动词不定式可以作为形容词或名词的修饰语，起到进一步限定和说明的作用。
例句：This is a good book to read.（这是一本值得阅读的好书。
动词不定式
C-不定式的概念、作用语法梳理不定式一、概念：在语法中，动词不定式是指动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。
形式为：to+动词原形+其他。
之所以被叫做不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词形变化所局限。
不定式属于非谓语动词。
不定式的时态有：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。
二、不定式的作用1、作主语。
不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。
往往用it作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。
如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。
试比较：It is to negate(取消，否定）my own idea to believe him.（错）To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对）（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语（1）动词+不定式。
如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）（2）动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。
如：I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can’t decide when to go there.注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。
高三英语语法总复习——动词不定式2
例1： To help each other is good. ： help each is good. 1 To is good to other each other. It help It is good to help each other. 互相帮助是好的。 互相帮助是好的。 互相帮助是好的。 例2：I find it difficult to understand him. ： 2 我发现了解他很困难。 我发现了解他很困难。 不定式短语to understand him作真正宾语 it是 作真正宾语, 不定式短语 作真正宾语 是 形式宾语。 形式宾语。 •He found it important to study Russian. •The computer makes it possible to calculate faster.
complement The patient was warned not to eat oily food
after the operation.
表语) （2）Infinitive as Predictive(表语 ） 表语
It seems to be very happy.
(Predictive)
adverbial(状语 状语): 状语 • (1) 表示目的【(not)to / (not)in order to / so as (not)to】 We eat to live and don’t live to eat. • (2) 表示结果 (so/such…as to., enough to…, too…to…, only to 他这么傻竟相信了这事。 He was so foolish as to believe it. He was foolish enough to believe it. He is too young to join the army. 另外only常用在不定式的前面, 表示出人意料的结果,如: We arrived there only to find the train gone. He returned home only to find his house broken into. • 不定式中作结果状语的注意点： 不定式中作结果状语的注意点： 1）某些形容词在“too…to…”结构中表示肯定，这类词是： anxious, eager, glad, ready, surprised, willing… She was too surprised to see how angry her father was. 2）在not, never, only, all, but等后的”too…to…”结构中，”too”的 含义为”very”，不定式没有否定含义。 I’m only too glad to stay at home. It’s never too old to learn.
英语语法-动词不定式课件
d. saw
forget/remember doing sth.
stop/go on to do sth
stop/go on doing sth
The scientist stopped __ to me though he was
busy.
√
a. talking
b. to talk
c. to have talk
It’s +adj+of sb+to do sth. Eg:你能邀请我，你真是太善良了。 It’s very kind of you to invit me. 若形容词是描述人的性格、品质的，如 kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever， careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb. Eg:你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。 It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem.
1. It takes you ten minutes to get there. 主语
2. I hope to see him soon.
宾语
3. His wish is to become an artist.
表语
4. People eat to live, but not live to eat. 状语
I wish to go with you.
need to do learn to do agree to do
plan to do decide to do refuse to do
begin to do start to do
try to do
forget to do remember to do like to do
动词不定式2(1)
often as possible.
* We must do everything we can to help them. 注1：不定式做目的状语通常放在so as或in order 的后面， 构成so as to do或in order to do句型。如： * Let’s hurry so as not to be late for the meeting.
[答案是：B。] 2. I don't know how ______ a bike, but she ______. A. to mend; doesn’t B. to mend; does C. mending; does D. to mend; do
[答案是：B。]
3. Wang Lin knows _[_答__案__是t：heAm。a]ths exercises,
enough to … (足够……能……), so … as to … (如此 ……以致于……)句式中。如：
* He is too young to look after himself.
*He was so careless as to make a lot of spelling
mistakes.
3．“疑问词+不定式”结构通常放在tell, show, teach, learn, know, wonder, discuss, forget, remember, find out等动词或词组之后作宾语。如：
语法知识——动词不定式
动词不定式概述 动词不定式指由to加上动词原形所构成的⼀种⾮限定性动词，但在有些情况下to 可省略。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，如： To ignore this dangerous signal would be a terrible mistake. （作主语） He promised not to tell anyone else about it. （作宾语） To treat comrades like enemies is to go over to the side of the enemy.（作表语） The manager announced his intention to retire.（作定语） The old man walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.（作状语） 不定式中的动词仍然具有动词的特性，可以有⾃⼰的宾语和状语，另外虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表⾯上的主语，但它所表达的意义是动作，这⼀动作的执⾏者就是该动词的逻辑主语，动词不定式要和它的逻辑主语在语态和时态上保持⼀致。
动词不定式的⽤法 1.不定式作主语 ⑴原则上，可⽤动词不定式直接作句⼦的主语，通常⽤it作句⼦的形式主语，⽽把不定式移到后⾯，形成“It + 谓语… + 动词不定式…”的句型。
如： To catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea. It is not a good idea to catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning. To learn a foreign language well takes painstaking efforts. It takes painstaking efforts to learn a foreign language well.⑵若要说明不定式的动作的执⾏者，可以在不定式前⾯加上“for + 名词或代词”结构，或是“of + 名词或代词”结构。
动词不定式2科技英语语法
动词非谓语形式动词不定式（二）（1）复合不定式for + 名词（或代词）+ 不定式注：由“for”引出不定式的逻辑主语。
句法功能：主、宾、表、定、状①主语It is possible for us to solve this problem by a computer.②宾语（用形式宾语“it”的句型）This property makes it possible for metals to be made into any shape.句法功能：主、宾、表、定、状③表语The main job now is for scientists to continue studying the buildup（聚集）of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.④定语The job for a computer to do is to measure or count.This is a necessary condition for the electric field to be zero.Attention: 在“ability, tendency, desire等”词后通常要用“of”来代替“for”：Energy is defined as the ability of a body to do work.Gravity（万有引力）is the tendency of all objects to attract, and be attracted by,each other.句法功能：主、宾、表、定、状⑤状语For the arithmetic unit（运算单元）to be able to do its required tasks, it must be told what to do. This signal is too large for the transistor to handle.有缘学习更多＋谓ｙｇｄ３０７６考证资料（2）名词性不定式howwhatwhen疑问词where + 不定式whichwhetherwhomwhose（2）名词性不定式How to determine the weight and size of an atom is a question interesting to many of us.It is necessary to find how large to make r so as for the series（级数）to converge（收敛）.The reader may have no idea which of these operations（运算）to do first.（3）反射式不定式Fill in the blanks.These metals are generally difficult ________ (machine).We find this equation easy _________ (solve).（3）反射式不定式若句子的主语（或宾语）是句尾不定式（或者不定式短语末尾介词）的宾语的话，这样的句子结构就称为“反射式不定式”（最常见的情况是形式主语或形式宾语“it”被句尾不定式的宾语替代了的情况）。
动词不定式用法和语法
动词不定式用法和语法动词不定式是英语语法中的一个重要部分，它具有丰富的用法和独特的语法特点。
掌握动词不定式对于提高英语语言能力和准确表达意思至关重要。
首先，我们来了解一下什么是动词不定式。
动词不定式的基本形式是“to ＋动词原形”，例如“to eat”“to study”“to sleep”等。
其中，“to”是不定式符号，没有实际意义，后面的动词原形才是核心。
动词不定式在句子中可以充当多种成分，比如主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
当动词不定式作主语时，常常把它放在句末，而用 it 作形式主语，使句子结构更加平衡。
例如：“It is important to learn English well”（学好英语很重要。
）这里真正的主语是“to learn English well”，而“it”只是形式上的主语。
作宾语的情况也很常见。
比如：“I want to go shopping”（我想去购物。
）“want”后面接的“to go shopping”就是宾语，表示想要做的事情。
动词不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。
例如：“I have a lot of work to do”（我有很多工作要做。
）“to do”修饰“work”，表示“要做的工作”。
状语是动词不定式的另一个重要用法。
它可以表示目的、结果、原因等。
例如：“He came here to see me”（他来这里是为了看我。
）这里的“to see me”表示目的。
此外，动词不定式还有一些特殊的用法。
比如在“tooto”结构中，表示“太而不能”。
例如：“The box is too heavy to carry”（这个箱子太重了，搬不动。
）在“enoughto”结构中，表示“足够能够”。
例如：“He is o ld enough to go to school”（他年龄足够大，可以上学了。
）另外，有些动词后面必须接动词不定式作宾语补足语，常见的有：want，wish，ask，tell，order 等。
动词不定式
subject
to do位于句首作主语
The usage of infinitive
It is important to learn English well .
形式主语
subject
学好英语是重要的。
It作形主，to do作真正主语
Practice
To do作主语， 谓语用单数
① _T_o__tr_a_v_e_l__ (travel) around China is my dream.
12 hours a day.
The boss makes the workers work (work) for 12 hours a day.
look at, see,
feel
watch, notice
(to) do
make, let, have
hear, listen to
NO.3
Summary
Infinitive —— structure
基本结构：to +动词原形
eg: He never w(a无n人ts 称to，w无at数ch的a变ga化m)e show. eg: He asked me not to watch game shows.
否定结构：not to +动词原形
Infinitive —— to & to
⑤ It’s nice __o_f___ him t_o__ta_k_e_ care of his young brother.
A. of , took B. of , to take C. for, to keep D. for , took
特殊句式： 1. It’s + adj.(修饰动作) + ( for sb. )+ to do sth. 2. It’s + adj.(修饰人) + ( of sb. )+ to do sth.
《英语语法》动词不定式
第五章动词不定式（一）动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。
动词不定式具有动词的性质，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。
它还可以有形式的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。
同时，动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
一、动词不定式的特征和种类动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
A．不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。
（同时发生）To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 为了赶上火车，我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。
（to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后）B．不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候，天碰巧在下雨。
I'm glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。
C．不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
I'm sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。
I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well. 我本来想昨晚完成工作的，但是我感觉身体不舒服。
It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 对我来说，被邀请来你们国家是一件很荣幸的事情。
语法(二)动词不定式
8A英语语法（二）动词不定式一．动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式：to+动词原形。
这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。
动词不定式的否定形式是not+ to +动词原形。
不定式具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称和数的变化。
二．动词不定式的句法功能1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其机构为：It+ be + adj + (for/of sb)+to do.e.g. It is useful to learn English well.It is important for us to protect the environment.It’s very kind of you to help me.2.不定式作宾语(1)一些谓语动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令，打算或希望的，如：would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, agree, prepare.e.g She agrees to go with them.They plan to go shopping.(2)在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而讲真正的宾语放在句末。
e.g. I find it easy to speak English every day.He thinks it important to help his friend.(3)常见的一些不带to的不定式: why not do, had better (not) do, would rather (not) do.e.g. I would rather stay at home.(4) 不定式常和what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。
e.g I don’t know what to do.=I don’t know what I should do.He didn’t know where to go.= He didn’t know where he should go.3.不定式作宾语补足语常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, wllow, get, would like, encourage.感官动词和使役动词常用不定式作宾补，这时要省略to.但这些动词变为被动语态时，必须保留to.感官动词：feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice;使役动词：let, make, have.e.g The boss made them work the whole day.练习1.Xiao Li said she would rather ________ join us.A.did notB. to notC. notD. not to2.Zhong Nanshan, the famous medical scientist, has devoted most of his life _______useful ways in treating cough diseases.A. to findingB. findC. to findD. finding3. –Do you know Neil Armstrong?- Yes. He is the first man ________ on the moon.A. walkB. walksC. to walkD. walked4. The boy promised __________ late for school again.A. to not beB. not to beC. not beingD. being not5. Last week our geography teacher told us _______ more information about how to protect the environment.A. getB. gotC. to getD. getting6. ________ generous ________ the little girl to share her toys with the other kids.A. It’s; ofB. That’s; ofC. It’s; forD. That’s;for7. Simon is ________ to make us all __________.A. enough funny; laughB. funny enough; laughC. enough funny; to laughD. funny enouth; to laugh8. Have you decided ____________ to do next?- Not yet.A. whatB. howC. whereD. when9. Please be quiet. We are not allowed ________ much noise in the reading room.A. to makeB. makeC. makingD. to making10. Many boys and girls are made _____________ what they’re not _________.A. to do; interestedB. to do; interested inC．do; interested in D. doing; interested11. How do you know that she likes singing?- I often hear her ______ after class.A. to singB. singC. sangD. sings12. On her way home, Lucy saw a thief _______ in a shop. She stopped _______ 110 at once.A. steal; callB. to steal; callC. stealing; to callD. stealing; calling13. To keep healthy, you’d better _________ exercise right after you have a meal.A. don’t takeB. not takeC. not to takeD. not taking14. Which does your father enjoy _______ his weekend, fishing or climbing hills?A. spendingB. spendC. to spendD. being spent15. I hope ________(find) a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from school.16. He found it hard _________ (catch up with) his class.17. Mother asks me __________ (not play) computer games before finishing my homework.18. All the children like Mr White very much because he often makes them _______(laugh).19. Let him ______ (have) a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.20. We have two rooms _______ (live) in, but I can’t decide which one _____ (choose).答案：1-14 CACBC ABAAB BCBC15. to find16. to catch up with17. not to play18. laugh19. have20. to live; to choose.。
动词不定式
动词不定式不定式的全称是“动词不定式”，是一种非限定动词，有不定式符号to动词原形构成。
不定式具有动词的特征，同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
动词不定式是一种非限定性动词，由to＋动词原形构成，但它还是属于动词，所以它本身可以带宾语和状语。
动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，还可用在复合结构中，而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。
动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
动词不定式的概念：动词不定式指由to 加上动词原形（而且只能是动词原形）所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
动词不定式的概念：动词不定式指由to 加上动词原形（而且只能是动词原形）所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
动词不定式的构成与形式：动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性。
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。
这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语，其形式如下：主动形式被动形式一般式（not）to make （not）to be made完成式（not）to have made （not）to have been made进行式（not）to be making完成进行式（not）to have been making1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
动词不定式的语法总结
动词不定式的语法总结动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，是英语中常见的一种语法，学生一定要做好总结，拿下这个知识点。
小编为大家力荐了动词不定式常用的语法总结，给大家作为参考，欢迎阅读!动词不定式的七种用法动词不定式的基本形式为to+动词原形.1.动词不定式做主语.谓语用第三人称单数形式.如果主语较长则用it做形式主语,将真正的主语动词不定式放到句尾.egTo see is to believe.It's a bad habit to run after dinner.2 做表语.the important things is to save lives.3 做宾语he likes to play with children.4做宾语补足语.形容词做宾补时.常用it做形式宾语.把真正的宾语放到宾补之后.he feels it happy to help others.5做定语she asked me to help her with her English.6做状语you are never too old to learn.(结果状语)7特殊疑问词+动词不定式.I am thinking about what to say.动词的不定式的用法口诀①不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。
②没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。
③主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。
④not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。
⑤疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。
⑥仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。
动词不定式专题练习1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. producingB. to produceC. having producedD. produced2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music .A .making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D .to make herself heard4. I don’t know whether you happen_______ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.A .to tellB .to be toldC .tellingD .told6. You were silly not _______your car.A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having locked7. The teacher asked us ______so much noise.A .don’t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____clear warnings before firing any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued9. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_______ a room with someone else.A. to shareB. to have sharedC. shareD. sharing10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_________ in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbedB. to have been robbedC. being robbedD. having been robbed11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed ________ina fire.A. being destroyedB. having been destroyedC. to be destroyedD. to have been destroyed12. The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take placeB. to be taken placeC. to have taken placeD. being taken place13. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished14. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having15. Will you lend him a magazine _________?A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read16. He could do nothing but _______for the bus _________.A. wait, to comeB. wait; comeC. waiting; comingD. waited; came17 .It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now.A. to solveB. solvingC. being solvedD. to be solving18. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _______ trouble.A. makingB. to makeC. to have madeD. having made19. I remember _______him _______the bike needed __________.A. hearing, saying, to repairB. to hear, say, to repairC. hearing, say, repairingD. to hear, saying, to be repaired20. --- You should have thanked her before you left.--- I meant _________, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.。
动词不定式语法总结
动词不定式语法总结动词不定式是英语中的一种特殊形式，由“to + 动词原形”构成。
它在句子中可以充当名词、形容词或副词，具有多种用法和功能。
本文将对动词不定式的语法进行总结和归纳。
一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式可以作为句子的主语，常用结构为“动词不定式+ 谓语”。
例如：“To learn a foreign language is beneficial for personal development.”（学习一门外语对个人发展是有益的）。
“To travel is my dream.”（旅行是我的梦想）。
二、动词不定式作宾语1. 动词不定式作及物动词的宾语，常用结构为“动词+ 动词不定式”。
例如：“I want to learn how to play the guitar.”（我想学弹吉他）。
“She promised to help me with my homework.”（她答应帮我做作业）。
2. 动词不定式作介词的宾语，常用结构为“介词 + 动词不定式”。
例如：“I am good at playing basketball.”（我擅长打篮球）。
“He is interested in learning about different cultures.”（他对了解不同文化很感兴趣）。
三、动词不定式作表语动词不定式可以作为句子的表语，常用结构为“主语+ 系动词+动词不定式”。
例如：“Her dream is to become a doctor.”（她的梦想是成为一名医生）。
“His goal is to win the championship.”（他的目标是赢得冠军）。
四、动词不定式作定语动词不定式可以作为句子中名词的定语，常用结构为“名词+ 动词不定式”。
例如：“I have a book to read.”（我有一本书要读）。
“She has a meeting to attend.”（她有一个会议要参加）。
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8A英语语法（二）
动词不定式
一．动词不定式的构成
不定式的基本形式：to+动词原形。
这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。
动词不定式的否定形式是not+ to +动词原形。
不定式具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称和数的变化。
二．动词不定式的句法功能
1.不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其机构为：It+ be + adj + (for/of sb)+to do.
e.g. It is useful to learn English well.
It is important for us to protect the environment.
It’s very kind of you to help me.
2.不定式作宾语
(1)一些谓语动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令，打算或希望
的，如：would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, agree, prepare.
e.g She agrees to go with them.
They plan to go shopping.
(2)在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而讲真正的宾语放在句末。
e.g. I find it easy to speak English every day.
He thinks it important to help his friend.
(3)常见的一些不带to的不定式: why not do, had better (not) do, would rather (not) do.
e.g. I would rather stay at home.
(4) 不定式常和what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。
e.g I don’t know what to do.=I don’t know what I should do.
He didn’t know where to go.= He didn’t know where he should go.
3.不定式作宾语补足语
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, wllow, get, would like, encourage.
感官动词和使役动词常用不定式作宾补，这时要省略to.但这些动词变为被动语态时，必须保留to.
感官动词：feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice;
使役动词：let, make, have.
e.g The boss made them work the whole day.
练习
1.Xiao Li said she would rather ________ join us.
A.did not
B. to not
C. not
D. not to
2.Zhong Nanshan, the famous medical scientist, has devoted most of his life _______
useful ways in treating cough diseases.
A. to finding
B. find
C. to find
D. finding
3. –Do you know Neil Armstrong?
- Yes. He is the first man ________ on the moon.
A. walk
B. walks
C. to walk
D. walked
4. The boy promised __________ late for school again.
A. to not be
B. not to be
C. not being
D. being not
5. Last week our geography teacher told us _______ more information about how to protect the environment.
A. get
B. got
C. to get
D. getting
6. ________ generous ________ the little girl to share her toys with the other kids.
A. It’s; of
B. That’s; of
C. It’s; for
D. That’s;for
7. Simon is ________ to make us all __________.
A. enough funny; laugh
B. funny enough; laugh
C. enough funny; to laugh
D. funny enouth; to laugh
8. Have you decided ____________ to do next?
- Not yet.
A. what
B. how
C. where
D. when
9. Please be quiet. We are not allowed ________ much noise in the reading room.
A. to make
B. make
C. making
D. to making
10. Many boys and girls are made _____________ what they’re not _________.
A. to do; interested
B. to do; interested in
C．do; interested in D. doing; interested
11. How do you know that she likes singing?
- I often hear her ______ after class.
A. to sing
B. sing
C. sang
D. sings
12. On her way home, Lucy saw a thief _______ in a shop. She stopped _______ 110 at once.
A. steal; call
B. to steal; call
C. stealing; to call
D. stealing; calling
13. To keep healthy, you’d better _________ exercise right after you have a meal.
A. don’t take
B. not take
C. not to take
D. not taking
14. Which does your father enjoy _______ his weekend, fishing or climbing hills?
A. spending
B. spend
C. to spend
D. being spent
15. I hope ________(find) a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from school.
16. He found it hard _________ (catch up with) his class.
17. Mother asks me __________ (not play) computer games before finishing my homework.
18. All the children like Mr White very much because he often makes them _______(laugh).
19. Let him ______ (have) a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.
20. We have two rooms _______ (live) in, but I can’t decide which one _____ (choose).
答案：
1-14 CACBC ABAAB BCBC
15. to find
16. to catch up with
17. not to play
18. laugh
19. have
20. to live; to choose.。