语法(二)动词不定式

8A英语语法（二）

动词不定式

一．动词不定式的构成

不定式的基本形式：to+动词原形。这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。动词不定式的否定形式是not+ to +动词原形。

不定式具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称和数的变化。二．动词不定式的句法功能

1.不定式作主语

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其机构为：It+ be + adj + (for/of sb)+to do.

e.g. It is useful to learn English well.

It is important for us to protect the environment.

It’s very kind of you to help me.

2.不定式作宾语

(1)一些谓语动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令，打算或希望

的，如：would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, agree, prepare.

e.g She agrees to go with them.

They plan to go shopping.

(2)在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而讲真正的宾语放在句末。

e.g. I find it easy to speak English every day.

He thinks it important to help his friend.

(3)常见的一些不带to的不定式: why not do, had better (not) do, would rather (not) do.

e.g. I would rather stay at home.

(4) 不定式常和what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。

e.g I don’t know what to do.=I don’t know what I should do.

He didn’t know where to go.= He didn’t know where he should go.

3.不定式作宾语补足语

常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, wllow, get, would like, encourage.

感官动词和使役动词常用不定式作宾补，这时要省略to.但这些动词变为被动语态时，必须保留to.

感官动词：feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice;

使役动词：let, make, have.

e.g The boss made them work the whole day.

练习

1.Xiao Li said she would rather ________ join us.

A.did not

B. to not

C. not

D. not to

2.Zhong Nanshan, the famous medical scientist, has devoted most of his life _______

useful ways in treating cough diseases.

A. to finding

B. find

C. to find

D. finding

3. –Do you know Neil Armstrong?

- Yes. He is the first man ________ on the moon.

A. walk

B. walks

C. to walk

D. walked

4. The boy promised __________ late for school again.

A. to not be

B. not to be

C. not being

D. being not

5. Last week our geography teacher told us _______ more information about how to protect the environment.

A. get

B. got

C. to get

D. getting

6. ________ generous ________ the little girl to share her toys with the other kids.

A. It’s; of

B. That’s; of

C. It’s; for

D. That’s;for

7. Simon is ________ to make us all __________.

A. enough funny; laugh

B. funny enough; laugh

C. enough funny; to laugh

D. funny enouth; to laugh

8. Have you decided ____________ to do next?

- Not yet.

A. what

B. how

C. where

D. when

9. Please be quiet. We are not allowed ________ much noise in the reading room.

A. to make

B. make

C. making

D. to making

10. Many boys and girls are made _____________ what they’re not _________.

A. to do; interested

B. to do; interested in

C．do; interested in D. doing; interested

11. How do you know that she likes singing?

- I often hear her ______ after class.

A. to sing

B. sing

C. sang

D. sings

12. On her way home, Lucy saw a thief _______ in a shop. She stopped _______ 110 at once.

A. steal; call

B. to steal; call

C. stealing; to call

D. stealing; calling

13. To keep healthy, you’d better _________ exercise right after you have a meal.

A. don’t take

B. not take

C. not to take

D. not taking