考研英语复杂句子的翻译方法

合集下载

翻译硕士(MTI)考研英语翻译难点精析定语从句翻译法

翻译硕士(MTI)考研英语翻译难点精析定语从句翻译法

翻译硕士(MTI)考研英语翻译难点精析定语从句翻译法翻译是一门语言的艺术,是语言之间的转换,是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言;它是一项对综合能力要求比较高的题型,它不仅要求学生对词汇、语法、语篇以及文化等有较好的掌握,还要求学生有着很强的组词成句、组句成段的能力。

所以在考研的最后时间阶段,凯程小编帮助大家整理翻译硕士(MTI)考研英语的一些难点,希望能够帮助大家提升自己,同时祝大家考研顺利。

考研英语翻译难点精析定语从句翻译法1)合译法:把定语从句放在被修饰的词语之前,从而将英语复合句翻译成汉语单句。

Eg:Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.国会公布了关于接受美国援助的105个国家的人权情况调查报告。

\2)分译法:根据定语从句的不同情况,我们可以将其翻译成并列分句、其它从句或独立句等。

Eg:Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind.任何人如果停止吸取新知识,就肯定会落后。

(译为条件状语从句)The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.罢工会使远洋航船不能靠岸,因为他们需要拖船的帮助。

(译成原因状语从句)A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一位地质勘探工程师对光谱进行了分析之后,发现了新的露天煤矿。

(译为时间状语结构)The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.公共服务的提供方式已趋陈旧,这正是我们必须采用技术加以装备的领域。

考研英语翻译答题技巧大全

考研英语翻译答题技巧大全

考研英语翻译答题技巧大全考研英语翻译答题技巧大全考研英语翻译答题技巧都有哪些?2023年考研英语翻译题有哪些答题解题思路?下面就让我给大家带来考研英语翻译答题技巧,盼望大家喜爱!考研英语翻译答题技巧考研英语翻译是广阔考生英语复习中的一个难点,其实英译汉的重点在于阅读理解,适用于阅读理解的许多部分均适用于英译汉的复习与解答。

英译汉是把一种语言承载的信息用另一种语言表达出来。

要充分、精确、快速地传达原文信息,译者首先要理解原文。

假如理解不精确,好的翻译就无从谈起。

从近年来的讨论生入学试题来看,划线的部分一般来说句子结构都比较简单。

假如不弄清晰他的语法结构,很难正确地理解原文的要求。

在分析划线部分句子的结构时,我们要留意首先把句子的主语、谓语和宾语找出来,这样句子的主干结构也就清晰了。

下面我们以_年英译汉第46题为例说明句子结构的分析方法:but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.解析:这是一个复合句,句子的主干为he believes,that后引导宾语从句,宾语从句的主干是difficulty may have had the compensating advantage。

of引导介词短语修饰advantage。

不定式结构to think long and intently about every sentence和to detect errors 是him的宾语补足语。

这样通过具体的分析,在弄清句子的详细结构之后,再动笔翻译就简洁多了。

考研英语常考长难句与典型作文范文例句含译文翻译版statistics

考研英语常考长难句与典型作文范文例句含译文翻译版statistics

考研英语常考长难句与典型作文范文例句含译文翻译版1、Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.[结构分析]否定副词nowhere放在句首,所以句子出现部分倒装。

注意:more 与否定词nowhere一起使用,相当于最高级。

dramatize 此处的意思是“突出显示,使…戏剧化”。

[参考译文]1980年美国的人口普查数据表明,没有哪个地方比美国最西部更能突出显示美国人想寻找更广阔的生存空间。

2、With regard to Futurist poetry,however,the case is rather difficult,for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.[结构分析]本句的主干是the case is rather difficult,for... it can hardly be classed as Literature,前面的however表示本句与前一句形成对比,句首的介词结构With regard to Futurist poetry作状语,其中with regard to的意思是“关于…”;for... it can hardly be classed as Literature是一个并列分句,表示原因,主干是it can hardly be classed as Literature;for后面的从句whatever Futurist poetry may be表示让步,作状语;破折号之间的部分even admitting that...也是让步状语,其中that 引导一个宾语从句that the theory... may be right,而从句的主语theory后又带有定语从句on which it is based。

考研英语翻译最经典 个长难句

考研英语翻译最经典 个长难句

1.It is difficult to the point ofimpossibility for the average reader under theage of forty to imagine a time when high- quality arts criticism could be found in most big-citynewspapers. (2010 T1 P2)翻译:对于平均年龄40岁以下的读者而言,他们很难想象在大多数大城市的主流报纸上可以读到高质量的艺术评论的那一年代。

2.To read such books today is tomarvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general- circulation dailies. (2010 T1 P2)翻译:今天我们阅读这样的书籍,会惊讶于这样的一个事实:这些学术性文艺评论曾经被认为适合刊登在面向大众发行的日报上。

3.In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers wouldwrite in detail and at length about the events they covered. (2010 T1 P3)翻译:在那些远去的日子里,主流报刊的评论家们详尽地评论所报道的事件,认为是理所当然的。

4.Curbs on business-method claimswould be a dramaticabout-face,because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its1998 decision in the so- called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of poolingmutual-fund assets. (2010 T2 P3)翻译:对于商业方法专利授予的限制将会出现巨大的转变,因为正是联邦巡回法院在1998年被称为“州街银行案”的决议中引入了这类专利,其中的共有资产投资的管理方法被授予了专利。

英语二翻译技巧

英语二翻译技巧

英语二翻译技巧一,顺序翻译:如果说要翻译的长句在语法结构上的顺序和汉语语法的结构前后一致时,就可以将原文按次序翻译转化为汉语直接翻译出来,这种方式相对简单。

二,倒序翻译:在很多时候,英语语法的表述习惯和中文的语法习惯是不尽相同的,甚至是完全相反,这个时候就该分析好句子结构成分,从句子的后面开始翻译,提取出句子后面的定语、状语等修饰部分,在具体翻译时候按照中文语法习惯将其置于前边合适的位置,使其在语法表述上更符合中文习惯,同时做到语义通顺,不失文采。

三,拆句翻译:关于哪些很长但又句子结构部很复杂的句子来进行翻译,一次性将他们直接翻译出来有困难,这时我们完全考研合计将一整句合理的划分拆开,使其分为假设干个相对独立的小语句,翻译时候对这些小而简单的句子依次翻译,之后再以合适的连接词将他们串接起来,从来完成的完成句子的翻译工作。

四,结构重组翻译:也有很多的翻译句子,语法句式结构等完全没有一点的中文习惯,这个时候就更得分析好句子结构,然后按照自己的表述习惯,将句子结构打乱,再按符合翻译的要求进行句子结构重组,组合出新的句子以准确的表达出所要表达的含义。

五,综合翻译:事实上,关于一个考验英语中出现的语句,要对塔进行准确的翻译,一般仅靠某一种单纯的翻译方法是很难翻译准确的,这时候就必须要将自己已经掌握的各种方法灵活运用起来,合理的将各种方法综合利用,以便将英语原文准确的翻译出来。

2考研英语二新题型技巧考试嘛,最重要的是怎么拿到最高分。

首先分析一下,如果想的满分的话。

没有技巧,好好读文章才干保证不错。

那我们的重点是尽可能的高分。

一般有几个分数,6分,4分,2分,0分。

我今天讲的是如何快速拿6分或者8分。

拿到题,一定要先看选项。

快速选出你肯定的2个标题,一定要非常肯定,一般英语二的这部分一定会有确定的两个答案的,比较简单。

文章开头和结尾都提到,中间是一些例子什么的或者引申部分,扫过就行。

用时1分钟然后看一下剩下3段中出现的核心观点是否在选项中有同义替换而且其他几个选项显然不对,一般这个选项肯定是正确选项。

2024年考研(一)翻译部分解析及参考答案

2024年考研(一)翻译部分解析及参考答案

2024年考研(一)翻译部分解析及参考答案目录CONTENCT •翻译部分概述•词汇与短语翻译技巧•句子结构分析与翻译技巧•长难句理解与翻译实践•篇章理解与翻译实践•模拟试题与参考答案01翻译部分概述考研翻译部分的重要性占总分比例较高翻译部分在考研英语试卷中占比较大,对考生总成绩有重要影响。

考察综合能力翻译不仅要求考生具备扎实的英语语言能力,还需要具备一定的中文表达能力和跨文化交际能力。

区分度较高翻译部分的难度相对较高,能够较好地区分不同水平的考生。

2024年考研翻译部分的题型与分值题型2024年考研翻译部分的题型为英译中,要求考生将一篇英文短文翻译成中文。

分值翻译部分满分为15分,占总分的15%。

历年考研翻译部分的命题趋势题材广泛历年考研翻译部分的题材涉及社会、文化、科技、经济等多个领域,要求考生具备广泛的知识面。

语言难度适中翻译部分的英文原文语言难度适中,不会出现过于生僻的词汇和复杂的句式结构。

重视语言运用和表达能力翻译部分不仅要求考生准确理解英文原文的意思,还要求考生能够用流畅、准确的中文表达出来。

同时,也需要注意语言的地道性和文化背景的准确性。

02词汇与短语翻译技巧80%80%100%常见词汇的翻译方法对于一些常见且易于理解的词汇,可以直接采用直译法,将原文的意思准确地表达出来。

对于一些在目标语言中无法找到对应词汇或直译后意思不准确的情况,可以采用意译法,根据上下文和语境进行灵活翻译。

对于一些具有特定文化背景的词汇或人名地名等,可以采用音译法,将其读音用目标语言的字母表达出来。

直译法意译法音译法保持原文风格转换表达方式解释性翻译短语及习语的翻译策略对于一些在目标语言中无法找到对应表达方式或直译后意思不准确的情况,可以采用转换表达方式的策略,用目标语言中相近的表达方式来替代。

对于一些难以理解或具有特定文化背景的短语和习语,可以采用解释性翻译的策略,在翻译时对其进行解释和说明,以便读者更好地理解。

(全)考研英语:长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结

(全)考研英语:长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结

(全)考研英语:长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结考研英语:长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结真题实战His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.结构分析这个句⼦是⼀个复合句,主句部分是His function is analogous to that of a judge。

其后who must accept the obligation 是⼀个定语从句。

obligation 后⾯的of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision的难点是in as obvious a manner as possible,这段状语的位置有点乱放,⽤改放到句末去,也就是说这段的顺序是of revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible。

词汇释义function n. 作⽤,职责analogous a. 相似的,类似的judge n. 法官,裁判员obligation n. 义务,责任reveal v. 揭露,显露拆分翻译His function is analogous to that of a judge,/ /他的职责与法官相似who must accept the obligation / /必须承担这样的责任of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning/ /以⼀种尽可能清楚明⽩的⽅式来展⽰推理的过程which led him to his decision.导致他做出决定参考译⽂他的职责与法官相似,必须承担这样的责任:⽤尽可能清楚明⽩的⽅式来展⽰⾃⼰做出决定的推理过程。

考研英语长难句翻译攻克方法

考研英语长难句翻译攻克方法

考研英语长难句翻译攻克方法考生普遍认为难度较大的是长难句的理解与翻译,这些句子一般为多个从句,因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句,首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及从句之间的关系。

然而,“看花容易,绣花难”,究竟该如何攻克考研英语中的难点长难句呢?下面考研1号为广大考生总结了以下对策:一、观其“形”这里的“形”指的是从比较中总结这类句子的特点。

长难句其实并不难,它仅仅是将多个从句或者较复杂的从句呈现在了考生面前,只要了解考查点,熟悉从句几种形式,再复杂的长句也称不上难句了。

长难句的一般形式包括名词性从句,形容词性从句(即定语从句),状语从句。

其中,名词性从句又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

为了同学们更便于理解,接下来给大家分别举几个例子助“消化”。

例一:Robert Fulton oncewrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels,etc. ,like a poet among the letters of the alphabet , considering them as anexhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea."【句子主干】Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down…, like a …, considering them as…, in which a…”【语法难点】1)like…分句是省略了who 的主语从句中的分句,considering…分句是现在分词引导的状语从句。

这个状语从句可以拿到句首,也可以在句尾。

一般来说较长的状语从句置于句尾,较短的置于句首,为的是使句子看上去显得简洁一些。

考研英语长难句翻译真题词汇详解

考研英语长难句翻译真题词汇详解

考研英语长难句翻译真题词汇详解考研英语长难句翻译真题词汇详解引导语:下面是店铺整理的关于考研英语长难句翻译的解题技巧和方法,大家认真看看哦!(1)长难句:there is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse,and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture.重点词汇:democratize uniformity discourse casualness deference■答案■1、译文:(美国社会出现)“服饰和话语趋于平民化的一致,随意和尊重的缺失”,这样正是通俗文化的特点。

分析:注意句子的表语是引号中的句子成分,表语实际是三个内容:the democrat-izing uniformity,the casualness和absence of deference。

形容词短语(characteristic of popular culture)是表语的后置定语。

对此句的理解在很大程度上取决于对单词的理解。

2、democratize意为“民主化”,本句中意为“平民化”。

uniformity意为“相同,一致”。

since then,the nation has sought uniformity in education to expand opportunities to all students.(自那时起,国家就致力于向所有的学生提供相同的教育机会。

) discourse表示书面和口头的表达,因此一般译成“话语”,语言学的说法是“语篇”。

casualness表示随意的态度、举止、穿着等。

deference意为“顺从,尊重”。

in deference to my friend and colleague dr. b-rundtland,i won‘t show those slides at this symposium.(为了以示对我的朋友和同事布伦特兰博士的尊重,我就不在这次研讨会上播放那些幻灯片。

考研英语长难句分析

考研英语长难句分析

1.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise thanan intuitive one.词汇突破:cognitive 认知的〔后天习得的〕Intuitive 先天的与以上这组单词概念一样的表达还有:Nature先天;nurture后天;born ;先天的;made 后天的;innate天生的;Acquired后天习得;Determine 决定Coupled with 相当于and,想类似的表达还有along with ; combined with等。

主干识别:句子的主语是This success与later research ;谓语是led; 宾语是Ericsson; 不定式短语to conclude 做状语;主干构造是:this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that …其他成分:在research后面接一个现在分词短语做后置定语,在这个现在分词短语中that引导的从句做showing 的宾语;在不定式短语中that引导的从句做conclude的宾语;more…than构造翻译为与其说,不如说。

微观解析:由于主语中的第二个并列成分比拟长,且是用两个逗号隔开的,在阅读的时候可以跳读;把This success与动词led先连起来然后再来解析其他成分。

译文赏析:这种成功与后来说明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道,记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。

2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.词汇突破:visualize 想象Figure out 发现与找出Suits 使…适合主干识别:句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句,it是句子的形式主语;句子主干为: How …is not obvious.在主语从句中主语是capacity,谓语是suits 宾语是one ;其他成分:状语为to answer…主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定语;动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导的定语从句。

考研英语翻译7大技巧

考研英语翻译7大技巧

考研英语翻译7大技巧考研英语翻译7大技巧一、增译主语由于表达习惯不同,英文中常有省略主语的现象,在翻译成汉语时要把它们译出来。

情况一般有以下几种:以抽象名词作主语,而中文的表达习惯则需要把抽象变为具体;英文中常常会为了避免重复而多用介词,中文则不怕重复,一个词会用上好几遍;英语中的复数名词译为汉语时,常常加入这些、各种、种种等,要视具体语境情况而定。

He did not give us satisfied answer; this made us angry.他并没有给出我们满意的答复,这种态度使得我们非常生气。

There are solutions proposed to solve the public problem.针对这一公共问题,大家提出了种种解决方案。

二、增译谓语同理,需要增译谓语的情况也时有出现。

英语中出现两个或多个相同谓语时,常常会省略,以使句子不那么赘余,而中文中则要译出来,使其表达更加地道。

英文中的介词短语译为中文时往往要增译动词,而有些英语中的名词在译为中文时也要加入相应的动词,使其意义更加完整,表达更加明确。

We went to Xiamen this week, Shenzhen next week.我们这周去厦门,下周去深圳。

After the party, he has got a very important speech.参加完聚会后,他还要发表一个重要讲话。

三、时间状语的翻译1、时间状语常常可以直接翻译,一般译到主句前。

He came in while I was watching TV.我在吃饭的时候他进来了。

They burst into tears suddenly when they heard the sad news.他们听到这个悲惨的消息之后突然大哭起来。

2、有的时间状语从句引导词除了表示时间以外,还会附带条件性,所以在翻译的时候要译出条件关系。

考研英语翻译题重难点精析

考研英语翻译题重难点精析

考研英语翻译题重难点精析考研英语翻译题重难点精析由于翻译局部的句型构造和阅读理解的较难句型根本类似,考试重点如出一辙,为了让大家更好的理解阅读理解真题文章,进步做题正确率,如今把考研翻译方法进展归纳总结,以便大家复习参考。

考研英语翻译难点精析(一) 被动语态翻译法1) 变为汉语的主动形式。

Eg:2) 译成具有被动意义的汉语构造。

Eg:For all the help this puter may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.尽管计算机可以提供那么多的帮助,它却不应该被看作是根本的思维和推理技巧的替代物。

Eg:3) 增添“人们”、“大家”等适当的词做汉语译文的主语。

Eg:And it is imagined by many that the operations of the mon mind can be by no means pared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程想比拟,他们并认为这些思维过程必须经过某中专门训练才能掌握。

Eg:During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在这种转变中,历史学家研究历史时,那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。

考研英语翻译难点精析(二)分译法英语长句子比拟多,汉语句子相对而言比拟短。

英语长句翻译技巧

英语长句翻译技巧

英语长句翻译技巧(1) 逆序法英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同,甚至完全相反,这时必须从原文後面开始翻译。

在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语经常位于被修饰语之後,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。

倒置法通常用于英译汉,即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前後调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。

(2) 顺序法当英语长句的内容表达层次与汉语基本一致时,可以按照英语原文表达的层次顺序翻译成汉语,从而使译文与英语原文的顺序基本一致。

(3) 包孕法。

这种方法多用于英译汉。

所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时,把英语後置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前,使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。

但修饰成分不宜过长,否则会形成拖踏或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。

(4)分句法有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切,翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯,把长句的从句或短语转换成句子,分开来表达。

为了使语意连贯,有时必须要适当增加词语,也就是采用化整为零的方法将整个英语长句翻译为几个独立的句子,顺序基本不变,前後坚持连贯。

(5)综合法上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法,事实上,在翻译一个英语长句时,并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法,而是要综合使用到各种方法,这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。

再如,一些英语长句单纯采纳上述任何一种方法都不方便,这就必须要我们的仔细分析,或按照时间的先後,或按照逻辑顺序,顺逆结合,主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。

2英语翻译有什么技巧一、增译法指依据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包涵的意义。

这种方式多半用在汉译英里。

汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be'结构来翻译以外,一般都要依据语境补出主语,使句子完整。

考研英语翻译题技巧大全

考研英语翻译题技巧大全

考研英语翻译题技巧大全考研英语翻译题技巧大全考研英语翻译题技巧一、词类转译法由于英语和汉语是两中悬殊甚大的不同的语言体系,所以在语言结构与表达方式上都存在很大的差异,这就要求我们对原文中的一些词语的词性进行转化(如:动词转化为名词,形容词转化为名词等),才能使译文畅通。

例如:The modern world is experiencing rapid development of science and technology.当今世界的科学技术正在迅速地发展。

[分析]将句中的形容词rapid转译为汉语中的副词。

二、增补法有些英语字句如果照字面的意思翻译,意念是不完整的,必须根据意义、修辞或句法的需要增补一些汉语,才能更加忠实于原文,使原文的思想更完整地再现。

例如:We need clean air, but unfortunately, air pollution is generally present, especially in cities.我们需要清新的空气,但遗憾的是,空气污染普遍存在,在城市中尤其如此。

[分析]本句为了避免“尤其是在城市里”的表达不完整,增加了“如此”。

三、省译法由于英语和汉语在用词和语法结构上的差异,原文中的某些词如果直译出来会使译文显得累赘,不符合汉语的表达习惯。

在这种情况下,就要省略一些冠词、代词、介词或连词等省去不译,但是不能影响原文的意义表达。

例如:There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.天未下雪,但叶落草枯。

[分析]在汉语中“叶落”的概念非常清楚,所以省译了from the trees。

四、顺译法也就是说按照英语表达的层次顺序,依次翻译英语句子,从而使译文与英语原文的顺序基本一致。

例如:He could see that she had been patient all her life, so that now, after years of it, her lips were set in a gentle and saintly smile.他看得出,她一生含辛茹苦,如今苦尽甘来,嘴边总是带着温柔、圣洁的微笑。

考研英语长句翻译常用方法及句子结构分析

考研英语长句翻译常用方法及句子结构分析

考研英语长句翻译常用方法及句子结构分析(Analysis of the commonly used methods and sentence structure of long sentencesin English study)English is used to express complex concepts in long sentences, while Chinese is different, often using a few short sentences as a hierarchical narrative. Therefore, in the English to Chinese translation, we should pay special attention to the differences between English and Chinese, and break down the long sentences of English into Chinese short sentences.First, sequential methodWhen the content of English long sentences is basically the same as that of Chinese, they can be translated into Chinese according to the order of the English text, so that the order of the translation is basically the same as that of the English text. Such as:But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their expectation of life, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. (84 version)Analysis: the sentence structure is "It, is, realized, that"..." The it is the form subject, the that guides the subject clause, and the it is even possible to of the juxtaposition... Structure in which the infinitive acts as the subject, the, time... "Expectation of life", to further explain its meaning, and behind the time sentence is its attributive clause. The five predicate structures express the meaning offour levels:A. but now people realize that..;B., some of these minerals are limited in reserves;C. people can even reasonably estimate how many years the minerals are expected to exist";D. the time that these known mineral sources and reserves will be depleted.According to the translation method of the appositive clause, the expression of fourth layer of meaning to make the appropriate adjustments to the whole sentence translation:But now it is realized that the reserves of some minerals are limited, it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their "expectation of life", that is to say, after a number of years, these minerals all known sources and reserves will be exhausted.Two, reverse order methodIn some English sentences, the order of expression is different from that in Chinese. Even the opposite is true. It is necessary to begin translating from the beginning of the text. In Chinese, modifiers and adverbial modifiers are often located in the modifier before; in English, many modifiers are often located in the modifier, so the translation to the original word order often reversed. This method is usually used for translation,namely before and after the exchange of English sentences in Chinese expressions, are all upside down by Italian group or, the principle is that the Chinese sentence general logical order in accordance with Chinese ethical narrative.Such as:It, therefore, becomes, more, and, important, that, if, students, are, to, waste, their, opportunities, there, will, have, to, be, much, not, more, detailed,, information, about, more, courses, advice., and, moreAnalysis: the sentence consists of a main clause, an adverbial clause of condition and an object clause,"...... "It is becoming more and more important, is the central content of the whole sentence, the sentence has three predicate structure, meaning Bao Hansan:A....... Become more and more important;B. if students are to make the most of their opportunities;C. has to provide them with a lot of more detailed information and more guidance.In order to make the translation conform to the Chinese expression habit, we can adopt the reverse order method:Therefore, if students are to make the best of their opportunities, they have to provide them with more detailed information about the course and give more guidance. Thisproblem is becoming more and more important.Three inclusionThis method is mostly used in English Chinese translation. The so-called "inclusion" means that when English long sentences are translated into Chinese, the English postposition elements are placed in the center word according to the normal Chinese word order, and the modifiers are formed in the Chinese sentence. However, the modifier should not be too long, otherwise it will cause procrastination or cause the entanglement of Chinese sentence elements in the connection. Such as:You, are, the, representative, of, country, and, of, a, a, continent, to, which,, China, feels, particularly, close.You are a representative of countries and continents that make China feel more friendly. What brings, US, together, is, that, we, have, common, interests, which, transcend, those, differences., what brings us together is that we have common interests that transcend these differences.Four and clause methodSometimes a long English sentence subject or clause and attributive words is not very close, translation can use short sentences according to Chinese habits, the long sentence clause or phrase into a sentence to describe separately. In order to make the semantic coherence, sometimes need to increase the appropriate word, which is to take the method of translation will break up the whole into parts of the English sentences intoseveral independent sentences, the order is essentially the same, and keep the consistency.Television it, is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. (85 version)Analysis: in this sentence, a phrase "it is often said insertion, three parallel structure and a predicate, attributive clause, the three parallel predicate structure although belong to the same sentence structure, but have independent significance, so in translation, can be applied to the clause method the whole sentence into several independent clauses in accordance with the Chinese habit of translation:It is often said that television shows current events and the latest developments in science and politics. You can also see new programs that are both educational and entertaining.Five, recombinant methodRefers to in English Chinese translation, in order to make the translation smooth and more in line with the Chinese habit of narrative logic, on the basis of clear structure, understand English original English long sentences on, get rid of the original word order and sentence form of the sentence re combination. Such as:Decision must be made very rapidly, physical endurance is tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of timemust be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.A lot of time must be spent ensuring that key people act on the same intelligence and purpose, which is a test of physical endurance and mental ability. Therefore, once mature is taken into consideration, decision makers should make decisions quickly.Six, comprehensive methodIt tells us the reverse order law, English sentences and clauses, in fact, in a translation of long English sentences, not simply the use of a translation, but to the comprehensive use of various methods, which cited in the above example also reflected. Again, some simple English sentences using any of the above methods are not convenient, which requires careful analysis of our time, or in accordance with the order, or according to the logical order, reverse the combination, to prioritize the whole sentence comprehensive treatment, so that the original text translated into English Chinese sentences faithful. Such as:People, were, afraid, to, their, houses, for, although, the, police, been, ordered, to, stand, by, in, of, emergency, case, they, were, just, as, had, confused, and,, helpless, leave, as, anybody, else.Analysis: the sentence has three meanings: A: people do not dare to go out; B: Although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency; C: police and others at a loss andincapable of action. In these three meanings, B means concession, C stands for cause, and A means result. According to the Chinese habit order, we can translate sentences into..:Although the police had been ordered to prepare for emergencies, people were afraid to go out because the police were as helpless and helpless as anyone else.Many students don't know the scoring criteria of the postgraduate entrance examination English translation. The following question is discussed from the macro and micro aspects.First of all, it is difficult to grasp the key points of practice when it is not clear about the scoring standards. This is the confusion often encountered by the students when they are doing translation exercises.According to the requirements of the postgraduate entrance examination, the examinee reads a short essay of about 400 words and translates 5 of the underlined parts (about 150 words) into chinese. The translation requirements are accurate and fluent. These two aspects are complementary, understanding of the original is the premise of smooth expression, no correct understanding, even Chinese expression to be more accurate in vain, therefore the proposition first will examine the candidate's ability to understand. Fluent Chinese sentence meaning meaning is relatively smooth, but the correct understanding does not mean that we can naturally express. Usually, the expression is to adjust the sentence structure of the original text to make it more in line with Chineseexpressions,如:对英语语言在交际中的重要性怎么估计也不会过高。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

考研英语复杂句子的翻译方法
无论是英译汉还是汉译英,都提出“忠实”、“通顺”为其基本标准,这是大家所公认的。

虽然英译汉和汉译英都以“忠实”、“通顺”为其标准,但并不等于它们之间没有差异,更不等于它们没有各自的特点。

比如,字面和实质往往有很大的差距,“七嘴八舌”就不能译成“七张嘴八条舌头”,“寒暄”也不能译成“寒冷的谈话”,“干脆”也不宜译成“又干又脆”,“在朋友面前我只感到惭愧”(巴金《朋友》),也不宜说成“羞愧”(ashamed),实指“不好意思”(illatease)。

下面,跨考教育孟老师详细为大家介绍如何进行长句的翻译,首先要进行断句,汉语的断句是个难点汉语是形散意连,断句不如英语那样严格。

如何划分汉语的句界之间的关系,在很多情况下要取决于读者的语感和对语句的理解,
如:每一个人,作为社会的一个成员,有权享受其人格和尊严的自由发展所必需的社会、经济、文化权利,这些权利是通过国家努力和国际合作来实现的,并且与所在国家的组织、资源、现状相一致。

对于这种比较复杂的中文句子,在正式翻译成英文句子之前,应当按照它的含义,将它划分成不同的部分,以便我们确定英文句子的结构。

首先将这个中文句子划分成6个部分,请特别注意,第4部分嵌套在第3部分中间。

①每一个人,②作为社会的一个成员,③有权享受 [④其人格和尊严的自由发展所必需的] 社会、经济、文化权利,⑤这些权利是通过国家努力和国际合作来实现的,⑥并且与所在国家的组织、资源、现状相一致。

这样划分之后,可以初步决定,将第4、5、6部分翻译成三个定语从句,用来修饰第3部分的最后一个单词rights:
①Everyone
②as a member of society
③is entitled to the social, economic and cultural rights
④which are necessary to the unrestrained development of his/her personality and dignity
⑤which are realized through national effort and international cooperation
⑥which are concordant with the organization, resources and situation of each country.
不过,在英语中,通常是一个定语从句修饰一个名词,很少有三个定语从句修饰一个名词,因此我临时决定,将第4部分改写成一个短语,将第5、6部分合并成一个定语句子,请看:
①Everyone
②as a member of society
③is entitled to the social, economic and cultural rights
④necessary to the unrestrained development of his/her personality and dignity
⑤which are realized through national effort and international cooperation and concordant with the organization, resources and situation of each country.
最后,将这5个部分组合起来,就是这个中文句子的英文译文。

Everyone, as a member of society, is entitled to the social, economic and cultural rights necessary to the unrestrained development of his/her personality and dignity, which are realized through national effort and international cooperation and concordant with the organization, resources and situation of each country.
另提供一版本如下:
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.。

相关文档
最新文档