宾语从句讲练
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宾语从句练习
宾语从句梳理:
一、宾语从句的连接词
1.连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。eg. He knew (that)he should work hard.
2.连词if 、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。
eg. Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:
①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介词前:It depends on(依靠)whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3.连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。
eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
I wonder where he got so much money.
【注意】
1.由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。
eg. I don't know how I should do with the presents. ==> I don't know how to do with the presents. 2.要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.
二、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Can you tell me who(m)do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m)we have to see?(√)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)
陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”→She said she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?”I asked him. →I asked him where the tickets are.
三、宾语从句的时态呼应
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。eg. I thought (that)you are free today. (╳)
I thought (that)you would be free today. (√)
【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。eg. The teacher told us (that)the earth moves around the sun.
四.其他需要说明的问题
1.标点由主句决定,如主句是陈述句、祈使句,则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。
eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2.要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。
▲五.宾语从句和状语从句的区分
eg. 1)I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.
2)I don't know if the train has arrived.
句1)中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。句2)中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don't know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。
判断方法:
1.可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2.从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”。
3.从时态看。if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。
同步检测
一、用合适的连接词填空
1. Wang Hai told me _____ he didn't go cycling yesterday afternoon.(how, why)
2. Can you tell me ______ else is going to be on duty today?(who, whom)
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.(that, if)
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.(how, who)
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon)
6. They don't know _______ we are going hiking.
7. She wanted to know _______ her coat would be ready the next day.
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw.
9. I don't know ______ so many people crowding round him
10. Do you know ______ shirt it is?
二、句型转换
1. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.(改为宾语从句)→
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
2. What does he do? Do you know? (改为宾语从句)→
Do you know _______ he _______?
3. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. (改为宾语从句)→
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
4. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know. (改为宾语从句)→
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
5. “Do you want to try something new?”Tom's mother asked him. (同义句)→
Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ _______ to try something new.
6. I think this is a good idea.(改为否定句)→
I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
7. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.(改为复合句)→
Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.
8. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.(改为简单句)→
I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
三、选择题