(完整word)历年高考英语宾语英语宾语从句

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高考英语宾语从句

一、关联词

关联词又称“连词”或“引导词”，是宾语从句的重要组成部分。

连词：1.连接代词（that，who，whom，what，which） 2.连接副词（when，where，why，how）

3.从属连词（if，whether）由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句，用if或whether引导.

在试卷中一般依据从句中“缺什么补什么”的原则，结合上下文选用恰当的连词。如：

1. I don’t know who will be our headteacher next semester. 缺指人的主语用who，如缺指物的主语则用what。

2. I doubt what my epal will write soon. 缺指物的宾语用what，如缺指人的宾语则用whom。

3. I think that my deskmate will get through all the major subjects. 句子不缺成分，用that; 如果that 后跟有代词，可省略that。

4. She let me know when the meeting would be held. 缺时间状语，用when；缺地点状语，用where；缺原因状语，用why；缺方式状语，用how。

5. I don’t know which / what topic I should choose. 缺定语，用what或which。

6. The teacher asked whether / if I was getting ready for the coming test. 表示“是否（有，能，已经……）”等含义，用whether或if。

7. I’d be interested to know whether he will see the movie“Dawn” or not. 强调是否对比时，用连词whether。

例1 A computer can only do _____ you have instructed it to do.

A. how

B. after

C. what

D. when

例2Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game.

A. why

B. what

C. who

D. that

例3The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ________ he thought was not enough.

A. where

B. how

C. what

D. which

例4The way he did it was different ________ we were used to.

A. in which

B. in what

C. from what

D. from which

例5He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _____ his teammates had done.

A. what

B. which

C. why

D. while

二、语序

以从属连词（if，whether）、连接代词（what，which，who，whose）和连接副词（when，where，how，why）等引导的宾语从句用陈述句语序。

例6No one can be sure ______ in a million years.

A. what man will look like

B. what will man look like

C. man will look like what

D. what look will man like

例7The boss went up to ask _____.

A. what the matter was

B. what’s the m atter

C. what was the matter

D. what the matter is

三、时态

宾语从句的时态要和主句相呼应:

1. 如果主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词时态可不受约束；

2. 如果主句谓语动词是过去时，从句谓语动词的时态须与之呼应；

Eg. I thought he had gone to town today.

3. 当从句叙述的是客观真理时，其谓语动词仍用现在时态。如：

Eg. Galileo insisted that the earth moves round the sun.

例8The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four fifths of the tickets ________.

A. was booked

B. had been booked

C. were booked

D. have been booked

例9We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.

A. leaves

B. would leave

C. had left

D. had been away

例10—Do you work in the lab every afternoon? —No, but sometimes I wish I _________.

A. have time

B. had time to do

C. have time to

D. had time to

四、宾语从句的减缩式

宾语从句有时可减缩为“疑问词+不定式”的形式。

例11I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________ in my new job.

A. expected

B. to expect

C. to be expecting

D. expects

例12It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.

A. it what to do with

B. what to do it with

C. what to do with it

D. to do what with it

例13The mother didn’t know_____ to blame for the broken glasses as it happened while she was out.

A. who

B. when

C. how

D. what

五、宾语从句的特殊式

1. 复合连接代词在宾语从句中的使用。如：

Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interest. （whoever= anyone who / any person who）

These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them.（whatever= anything that）It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. whatever在此处是泛指，不可被what替代。而“I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words.”中的who表特定的某人，不可以改成whoever。

2. it作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。

（1）动词+ it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + thatclause。thatclause中谓语动词前可加should，亦可省略。如：

I think it important that you （should）attend the conference.

（2）动词+ it + as + 名词/ 形容词+ clause。如：

The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.

（3）动词+ it + 介词+ thatclause。常见的有：owe it to sb. + thatclause（把……归功于某人），leave it to sb. + thatclause（把……留给某人去做），take it for granted + thatclause （想当然），keep it in mind + thatclause （记住……）。如：

I just took it for granted that he’d always be around.

（4）动词+ it + clause。如：I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.

英语中少数介词很活跃，能带从句作其宾语。如：I go to see a film except when it rains.

3. 含宾语从句的反意疑问句。

当陈述部分带有that引导的宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与陈述部分主句的主语和谓语保持对应关系。如：

Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, didn’t he?

当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect / suspect / feel等时，疑问部分的主语和谓语往往与陈述部分从句中的主语和谓语保持对应关系，此时实质上是将对主句的否定转移到对从句的否定上。如：

I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they?

4. 两个及以上表示陈述的宾语从句并列时，第一个连词that可以省略，但第二个及以后的不可省。如：He told me （that）they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.

5. 主语+ be +形容词+ clause。如：I’m afraid that I can’t promise you anything.

例14The poor young man is ready to accept ________ help he can get.

A. whichever

B. however

C. whatever

D. whenever

例15_____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.

A. Who

B. The one

C. Anyone

D. Whoever