任务型教学设计

TASKS
• A task is an activity or action which is carried out as the result of processing or understanding language ( i.e.as a response).
(Richards, Platt and Weber 1986:289)
• decide which to buy
•know which way is the best to solve the problem
• The communicative task is a piece of classroom work
which involves learners in comprehending, manipulating, producing or interacting in the target language while their attention is focused on mobilizing their grammatical knowledge in order to convey meaning rather than to manipulate form.
David Nunan (1989)
交际型任务是一种涉及 到学习者理解，运用所 学语言进行交流的课堂 活动。学生的注意力主 要集中在语言的意义上， 而不是语言的形式。
• listening to a weather forecast and deciding what to wear
• exchanging name cards
• responding to a party invitation
• describing a photograph of one’s family
所谓任务型语言教学，其核心思想就是要模拟人 们在社会、学校生活中人们运用语言所从事的各类 活动，把语言教学与学习者在今后的日常生活中的 语言应用结合起来。
根据任务型教学的思想，我们在生活当中所做的 一切事情实际上就是完成一个又一个的任务。把社 会生活中所做的事情细分为若干非常具体的“任务 ”，并把培养学生具备完成这些任务的能力作为教 学目标。
T1:read the notice T2:when to have the meeting,who will attend , who will be invited, where to have the meeting(对信息 的选择，分类及排序的过程)
T3:who to turn to for help(处理信息的过程) T4: how to get there(信息的再处理)
What are tasks?
意义的表达是第一位的（meaning is primary） 需要解决交际中的问题(there is some communication problem to solve) 与实际生活的活动相似(there is some sort of relationship to comparable real-world activities) 最受关注的是完成任务(task completion has some priority) 任务的评价取决于结果(the assessment of the task is in terms of outcome)
On generalHale Waihona Puke Baiducognitive demands of the task （对任务要求的总体感知,language goal） 知道做什么，学什么以及为什么学 An emphasis on linguistic factors
关注语言因素 了解听的内容，听的关注点以及场景 词汇短语的学习等
I want to buy a camera.
What about this one?
It’s nice. I’ll take it.
Three principal phases 任务型教学的主要三个阶段
Pre-task phase
During task phase
Post-task phase
Pre-task phase
(Long 1985:89)
任务是人们在日常生活中所从事的 有目的的活动。
What people do in everyday life:
• buying a pair of shoes • borrowing a library book • asking for advice • talking with friends about a soccer team • doing housework • finding a street destination
What are not tasks?
1不让学习者只是鹦鹉学舌 2不是为了显示语言的技能 3不是墨守成规与人雷同的 4不是为了做机械性的操练 5不是为了学习某些句型结构硬把语言安排到材料之中 How do you usually go to school every day?
I usually go to school by subway. What would you like to buy?
任务： 人们在学习、理解、 体会语言之后所开展 的活动。
What learners do when they understand:
• draw a map while listening to a tape
• look at a set of pictures and decide what should be done
什么是任务？
A task is a piece of work undertaken for oneself or for others, freely or for some reward. • It is meant what people do in everyday life, at work, at play, and in between.