汉译英中常见四字结构的翻译
汉语四字格短语英文翻译
（一）并列关系名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利equality and mutual benefit扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences（二）语意重复广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰survival of the fittest延年益寿prolong one’s life灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure长治久安a long period of stability求真务实pragmatic审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned功在当代，利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations继往开来，承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future路遥知马力，日久见人心Time will tell.吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out 急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography德高望重of high ability and integrity互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation遵纪守法observe the relevant code of conduct and the law（三）目的关系减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学raise money to set up new schools结党营私form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one（四）途径方式寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business（五）偏正词组廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties环境绿化environmental greening超前消费premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak以人为本people foremost; People-oriented（六）动宾关系优势互补complement each other’s advantages自主经营，自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility f or one’s own profits and losses（七）条件关系不进则退no progress simply means regression（八）省略意象瞻前顾后overcautions and indecisive源远流长have a long history呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point花天酒地go on the loose汗马功劳exploits闻名遐迩famous独具匠心original中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey世外桃源a haven of peace浩如烟海的文化典籍numerous volumes of literature。
高中英语高频四字格词组翻译汇总!翻译、写作都能用到!
高中英语高频四字格词组翻译汇总！翻译、写作都能用到！1. 挨家挨户from door to door例题：医生挨家挨户上门巡访，省去了许多老年人去医院的麻烦.(save)Doctors’door-to-door visits save many old people’s trouble of going to hospital.2. 爱不释手can’t bear standing part with/putting it down /leavingit aside例题：这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。
（so…that）The historical novel about/describing World War I / the First World War is so attractive that I can’t bear (to do …)/stand parting with it / putting it down (back ,aside )/leaving it aside .3. 安于现状be satisfied with reality/ present situation例题：我们高中生应该有远大的志向，不应该只满足于现状。
（satisfy）We senior high students should have great ambition and (should) not be satisfied with reality/present situation.4. 摆脱烦恼get rid of/ to be free from worries例题：得知他心情不好，我建议他与朋友聊聊天，以去除烦恼。
(suggest)Knowing (that) he is in a bad mood, I suggest his chattingwith friends to get rid of /to be free from worries.5. 彼此埋怨be to blame each other例题：遇到困难的时候，我们需要的不是彼此埋怨，而是相互帮助。
刘沧龙分享：那些年我们翻译时所用的四字结构
刘沧龙分享：那些年我们翻译时所用的四字结构四字结构在翻译中非常的常见，所谓的四字结构，即是四字成语、熟语、一切临时组合四字短语等等。
有些词语比较常见，有些翻译人员就顺便用在翻译工作之中，而忽略了词语的意思。
我们稍稍观察，发现大概有两种情况。
其中最需要注意的是通俗用语。
这种语言日常生活中很有表现力很能引起人的共鸣，但作为翻译人员，却要注意时刻以准确地表达意思为前提。
【例】I hope we are not like those human do-gooders …译文：我不希望我们成为事后诸葛亮——出于好心，却帮不上什么忙的人。
【例】-..better to be one of millions viewing a film than one of mere thousands reading a book.译文：成为追捧热播电影的一员，比成为罕有"阅读恐龙族"一员要好。
前两个译文——"张家庄、李家店"和"事后诸葛亮"——都有"归化"过度之嫌。
第三个例子，与其说在翻译贝娄，不如说在翻译自己，结果译者形象鲜活，作者风格不显，恐不可取。
在这方面也不乏好的例子，如将谈话中的"the people on the block"译为"左邻右舍"、"街坊邻里",将口语语境下的"wonder"译为"不明白"、"纳闷"，都是用地道的中文忠实地传达了原文意义和风格。
模式化的第二种情况是公共生活用语。
报刊、电视、网络等大众传媒中的一些表达方式，我们因为司空见惯，往往习焉不察，用在创作中可以，用在译文中则需仔细核对文字意义，不能轻率。
例如"与时俱进"这个词，在本次竞赛译文中经常出现,"up-to-date" 、"refusing to be obsolete" 、"new technical developments", "avoiding technological obsolescence"等，统统交给"与时俱进"去组织。
汉语四字格的英文翻译方法
闻名遐迩 famous 独具匠心 original 中流砥柱 mainstay, chief cornerstone 鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace
叠词的翻译
叠词的形态格式
叠词是汉语的一种特殊词汇现象，使用非 常普遍。汉语的名词、数词、量词、形容 词、副词、动词以及象声词都有重叠变化， 其主要形态格式有一下十类： 1.AA：天天、看看、洋洋、哄哄 2.AAB：毛毛雨、洗洗手、刷刷牙、写写字 3.ABB：眼巴巴、水汪汪、凉丝丝、亮堂堂 4.AABB:高高兴兴、认认真真、三三两两、 滴滴答答
汉语词汇重叠后，一般无词性变化。但是 词义大都会发生变化。叠词词义变化可归 纳为三种情况。 1.增义：增加语义 2.强义：加强语意 3.弱义：减缓语意
叠词的翻译
虽然英语有重叠元音或辅音而形成的词汇， 有类似于重叠的单词连续反复，以及象声 词重叠的现象。但是，与汉语的重叠变化 来说相去甚远，它们远不足以翻译汉语的 叠词。因此，大多数情况下，只能舍弃其 形式而译其意义，用比较切近、自然的译 文表达出原文的语意和体现重叠后词的词 义变化。尽管如此，我们还是可以从中找 出一基本的翻译方法。
（一）并列关系
方法：将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英 语译文，然后中间用并列连词”and”连接即 可。
名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 平等互利 equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government 集思广益 draw on collective wisom and absorb all useful ideas
英汉互译中的四字结构
英汉互译中的四字结构
英文中的四字结构是指由四个字组成的短语或句子结构。
这种结构在英语中用于表达各种含义和用途。
以下是一些常见的英文四字结构及其对应的中文翻译：
1. A piece of cake - 小菜一碟，易如反掌
2. Time flies by - 光阴似箭，光阴荏苒
3. Catch someone's eye - 引起人的注意
4. Keep your chin up - 振作起来，保持乐观
5. Bite the bullet - 迈出第一步，忍受痛苦
6. Break the ice - 打破僵局，破冰
7. Make ends meet - 收支相抵，维持生计
8. A drop in the bucket - 沧海一粟，杯水车薪
9. A penny for your thoughts - 诉诸心声，心里话
10. Actions speak louder than words - 比言语更具说服力
这只是一小部分常见的英文四字结构和中文翻译。
实际上，英文中有很多四字结构，尤其是习语和俚语，它们通常有一定的隐喻和象征意义。
翻译时需要根据语境和意义进行恰当的表达。
高中英语高频四字格词组翻译汇总！翻译、写作都能用到！
【导语】汉语博⼤精深，往往⼏个字，⼀个词就能表达⽆穷的意境，但如果在翻译题中遇到了这些词汇，我们该如何翻译呢？为⼤家总结了⾼中英语翻译题中经常出现的四字格汉语词汇的翻译，这些词如果⽤在作⽂中也会让阅卷⽼师眼前⼀亮，⼤家⼀定要好好学习哦~1. 挨家挨户from door to door例题：医⽣挨家挨户上门巡访，省去了许多⽼年⼈去医院的⿇烦.(save)Doctors’ door-to-door visits save many old people’s trouble of going to hospital.2. 爱不释⼿can’t bear standing part with/putting it down /leaving it aside例题：这部有关第⼀次世界⼤战的历史⼩说引⼈⼊胜，我简直爱不释⼿。
（so…that）The historical novel about/describing World War I / the First World War is so attractive that I can’t bear (to do …)/stand parting with it / putting it down (back ,aside )/ leaving it aside .3. 安于现状be satisfied with reality/ present situation例题：我们⾼中⽣应该有远⼤的志向，不应该只满⾜于现状。
（satisfy）We senior high students should have great ambition and (should) not be satisfied with reality/present situation.4. 摆脱烦恼get rid of/ to be free from worries例题：得知他⼼情不好，我建议他与朋友聊聊天，以去除烦恼。
汉译英_成语的翻译 2
二、 将四字词组译成短语，如介词短语、
副词短语、不定式短语
这种方法往往是套用英语中最简单的词
组或句型。
某位领导的讲话要求外交人员“立场坚
定、目光远大、头脑敏捷、业务熟练、 才华出众、风格高尚”， “A Chinese diplomat should be firm in stand, broad in vision, swift in wit, qualified in profession, outstanding in talent, noble in character.”
三、套用英语中意思相同及功能对等 的习语
四字词组中有很大一部分是固定词组，即成语。成语
往往带有浓厚的民族色彩和地方色彩。翻译时除了要 忠实地表达原文意义之外，还要尽可能保持原文成语 的形象比喻，丰富联想，修辞效果以及其民族、地方 特点等。有的成语和英语中的习语在内容和形式上都 相符合，双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩，并且有 相同或大体相同的形象比喻。汉译英时，如果遇到这 种情况，不妨直截了当地套用英语同义习语。这样的 译文可能会增色不少，基本能实现四字词组的美学价 值转移。
谚语俗语
亡羊补牢
Mend the fold after the sheep is stolen. 外来语 一尘不染 Free of dust 心花怒放
Be wild with joy\be elated
新生成语
分秒必争
Seize every minute and second Race against time 百花齐放
香港人、爱护香港人的旭日辉映下，满怀信心，升锚 启航，向着振兴中华，祖国统一的宏伟目标乘风奋进。 We are embarking on a new era. With the respect and trust from the entire nation, we will be much more equipped to sail forward with confidence and with conviction.We will play a part in facilitating the reunification of the entire nation, and bringing a better life to all in the nation.
中学英语四字格词语翻译课件
（二）语意重叠，对于此类结构，只需翻译其中一项语义就行。 广袤无垠的中华大地 the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory 高瞻远瞩的决策 a visionary/far-sighted decision 贯彻落实重大决策 carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂 peaks rising one after another 优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest 延年益寿 prolong one’s life 灵丹妙药 panacea / miraculous cure
六 动宾关系
优势互补 complement each other’s advantages 自主经营，自负盈亏 make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses
（三）目的关系，对于目的关系的可以采用动词不定式或者介词 短语来表达目的状语。 减员增效 downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for
efficiency) 退耕还林 return cultivated land to forest or pastures 集资办学 raise money to set up new schools 结党营私 form cliques for private gain 扭亏为盈 turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one
闻名遐迩 famous 独具匠心 original 中流砥柱 mainstay, chief cornerstone 鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace 浩如烟海的文化典籍 numerous volumes of literature
汉译英 四字格 翻译 汇总
四字格翻译汇总这里只给出四字格脱离语境的翻译，放在上下文中一定根据句子要求进行调整。
预防为主prevention first综合治理comprehensive control/management全面推进entire/all-round push-on重点突破breakthrough at key points亲仁善邻cordiality, benevolence and good neighborliness和睦相处living in harmony with others强不凌弱The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor.协和万邦All nations live side by side in perfect harmony.海纳百川有容乃大One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers.兼收并蓄embrace everything that is useful光阴似箭Time flies like an arrow. /How time files!一诺千金有诺必践Commitment should always be kept.一如既往unswervingly和衷共济solidarity; fighting together with one accord亡国灭种extinction; being conquered and destroyed万众一心pull together; join hands; make joint efforts; be united as one浩然气概noble spirit不屈节操unyielding moral principle赴汤蹈火go through fire and water殊死奋战fight desperately; fight to death可歌可泣moved one to songs and tears英勇卓绝heroic and splendid插科打诨comic parts精微深奥profound and abstruse博大精深extensive and profound源远流长run a long history天下为公The world belongs to all the people.天下兴亡匹夫有责Every man has a duty to his country.吃苦耐劳hard work and enduring hardship勤俭持家run the household industriously and frugally尊师重教respect teachers and attach importance to education当务之急urgent; imminent不谋而合coincide with莘莘学子students青春洋溢young书香浓郁academic/cultural atmosphere朝气蓬勃充满活力dynamic; vigorous多姿多彩colorful日新月异change with each passing day光芒四射shining; brilliant安居乐业live and work happily and peacefully相知无远近万里尚为邻Distance can never separate real friends.携手前进join hands名列前茅rank top此起彼伏rise one after another, keep cropping up繁衍生息live and multiply/reproduce改朝换代changes of dynasties穷兵黩武wantonly engage in military aggression; use all one’s armed might to indulge in wars of aggression雅俗共赏appeal to both refined and popular tastes与日俱增increase with each passing day, be steadily on the increase极目远眺look as far as the eye can see按资排辈to assign priority according to seniority求同存异seeking common ground while putting aside differences流连忘返linger on; be too delighted to leave乐不思蜀too delighted to be homesick不宣而战start an undeclared war尽收眼底hold a panoramic view扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences延年益寿prolong one’s life审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits扫黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography减员增效downsize(and cut payroll) to improve efficiency退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pasture互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial集资办学raise money to set up new schools寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point绿水青山green hills and clear waters墨客骚人men of letters奇花异草exotic flowers and herbs鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey奇峰异石picturesque peaks and rocks浓妆淡抹heavy or light makeup轩然大波a great disturbance, a mighty uproar凤毛麟角rarity of rarities层峦叠嶂range upon range of mountains; the hills rise around…崇山峻岭steep mountains雕梁画栋carved beams and painted pillars名山大川famous mountains and great rivers湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites平等互利equality and mutual benefit国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood灵丹妙药panacea/miraculous cure中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone世外桃源a haven of peace长治久安a long period of stability按劳分配distribution according to one’s performancea blaze of bright colours 姹紫嫣红towering and steep mountains 崇山峻岭Each turn of the boat affords a different scenery 船移景换carved beams and painted rafters 雕梁画栋scenery of exceptional charm 洞天福地Waters rush down in whirlpools and rapids 飞流急湍the paths running sinuously amidst the peaks 峰回路转ancient architectural 古建筑群of antique beauty 古色古香national park 国家公园towering and magnificent 宏伟挺拔beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains 湖光山色look as far as the eye can see 极目远眺the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River 江南水乡resplendent and magnificent 金碧辉煌command a panoramic view of 尽收眼底be greatly surprised/astonished 惊奇不已Raging/Tumultuous/Turbulent waves pound on the banks. 惊涛拍案a superb collection of beautiful things 琳琅满目placed closely side by side 鳞次栉比beautifully wrought 玲珑剔透linger on and forget to return 流连忘返tourist attraction; scenic spot; places of interest 旅游景点an endless stream 络绎不绝too many beautiful things to be appreciated at once 美不胜收famous scenic spots and places of historical interest 名胜古迹known far and wide 闻名遐尔famous men of letters 墨客骚人picturesque peaks and rocks 奇峰异石exotic flowers and herbs 奇花异草be surrounded by mountains/hills 群山环抱Mountains are high and torrents are swift 高山水急range upon range of green hills 山峦迭翠ascend step by step 拾级而上举足轻重decisive, vital, significant decisive vital significant光辉灿烂glorious and magnificent glorious and magnificent不可磨灭indelible无边无际boundless boundless广袤富饶vast and fertile vast and fertile宏伟挺拔towering magnificence towering and magnificance金壁辉煌splendid and magnificent splendidand magnificent玲珑剔透exquisitely carved/made/wrought蔚为壮观splendid; spectacular splendid,spectacular庄严肃穆solemn solemn不屈不挠unyielding, unrelenting, dauntless unyielding,unrelenting,dauntless。
四字格的翻译
四字格的英译（一）并列关系这种四字结构，前后两个词语属于并列关系，我们只要能够将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英语译文，中间用并列连词“and”连接即可。
名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水 green hills and clear waters奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利 equality and mutual benefit扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization集思广益 draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas国泰民安 the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation开拓进取 blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences（二）语意重复这种四字结构前后两个词语的语意是一样的，如果前后两个词语都翻译就构成语意重复了，广袤无垠的中华大地 the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory高瞻远瞩的决策 a visionary/far-sighted decision贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions层峦叠嶂 peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest延年益寿 prolong one’s life灵丹妙药 panacea / miraculous cure长治久安 a long period of stability求真务实 pragmatic审时度势size up the situation/assess the situation招商引资 attract investment誉满全球举世闻名 world-renowned功在当代，利在千秋 in the interest of the current and future generations继往开来，承前启后 (continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 路遥知马力，日久见人心 Time will tell.吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜 no sweet without sweat 车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直 in the end things mend /there’s always a way out急功近利 eager for instant success and quick profits打黑扫黄 crack down on gangland and pornography 德高望重 of high ability and integrity互利互补 mutually complementary and beneficial 互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation 遵纪守法 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law（三）目的关系减员增效 downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕还林 return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学 raise money to set up new schools结党营私 form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈 turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one（四）途径方式寓教于乐 teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配 distribution according to performance 以商养文 support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business（五）偏正词组廉洁奉公 honestly perform one’s official duties环境绿化 environmental greening超前消费 premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption以强凌弱 the strong domineering over the weak 以人为本 people foremost; People-oriented （六）动宾关系优势互补 complement each other’s advantages自主经营，自负盈亏 make one’s own management decisions； take full respongsibility for one’s own profits and losses（七）条件关系不进则退 no progress simply means regression. （八）省略意象瞻前顾后 overcautious and indecisive源远流长 have a long history呕心沥血 spare no efforts画龙点睛 bring out the crucial point汗马功劳 exploits闻名遐迩 famous独具匠心 original中流砥柱 mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey世外桃源 a haven of peace浩如烟海的文化典籍numerous volumes of literature。
汉译英中常见四字结构的翻译
汉译英中常见四字结构的翻译在汉语中有很多类似成语的四字结构，它们没有成语那么深的寓意，但表达形式很像成语，令很多翻译初学者头疼，其实很多时候我们遇到这种结构是不要想太多，准确理解其真正含义，用相应的英语单词或者表达翻译就是了。
...在汉语中有很多类似成语的四字结构，它们没有成语那么深的寓意，但表达形式很像成语，令很多翻译初学者头疼，其实很多时候我们遇到这种结构是不要想太多，准确理解其真正含义，用相应的英语单词或者表达翻译就是了。
一般四字格中总会有两个词语组成一个汉语词语，看前后两个字组成的词语的逻辑关系来采用不同的方法来翻译即可，但切记先得判断清楚四节结构的词类以及前后两个词组的关系。
（一）并列关系，这一类四字结构的特点是前后两个词组是并列关系，且词类相同，只须用语义合词类对应的英语表达即可。
名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利equality and mutual benefit扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences（二）语意重叠，对于此类结构，只需翻译其中一项语义就行。
汉语四字结构的英文翻译(讲义)
汉语四字排比结构的英译处理四字结构几乎可见于古今各种文体之中，或独自成句，或并列排比，或前呼后应。
结构匀称对仗，读起来音韵和美，表达言简意赅，将汉语文字的音与形的特点巧妙揉和在一起，极富美感。
而汉语四字排比结构就更是词义丰富，文才华丽，语气连贯，具有极强的修辞效果。
尽管如此，汉语四字排比结构的字面意义并非历历具足，往往是虚实相生，重在气势和意境；而英语却是一种非常理性的语言，最重清楚明白，最忌逻辑混乱与文字堆砌，所以在翻译的过程中，汉语工整对仗、抑扬顿挫的排比结构在英语中却多半变得长短不一、参差不齐，这是不可避免的。
因为我们不可能强求与原文保持形式上的一致，这样一来反而会导致译文表达松散堆砌，这是不符合英语表达习惯的。
因此，汉语的四字排比结构在翻译成英语时，可根据其语义成分和逻辑成分，转化成英语中相应的结构。
下面就逻辑关系分别说明其英译处理的方法：1．并列关系的四字排比结构的英译处理并列关系的四字排比结构通常转化为英语中的下列结构：a.形容词+ 名词1）按照合理布局、优化结构、突出重点的要求，加强宣传文化事业的基本建设。
Capital construction of publicity and cultural undertakings will bestrengthened according to the principle of a rational distribution, anoptimized structure and a priority order.2）大峡谷的谷地山峦交错、峡谷相连、江水汹涌。
The valley of the Grand Bend is full of multi-peaked mountains,joined canyons and turbulent waters.b.名词或形容词+ in + 名词1）由于这台仪器性能稳定、操作可靠、维修方便，因此受到用户的好评。
中级口译必备 中文四字格和流行词的翻译
汉语四字格翻译（一）并列关系名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利equality and mutual benefit扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences（二）语意重复广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰survival of the fittest延年益寿prolong one’s life灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure长治久安a long period of stability求真务实pragmatic审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned功在当代，利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations继往开来，承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 路遥知马力，日久见人心Time will tell.吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography德高望重of high ability and integrity互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation遵纪守法observe the relevant code of conduct and the law（三）目的关系减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学raise money to set up new schools结党营私form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one（四）途径方式寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business（五）偏正词组廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties环境绿化environmental greening超前消费premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak以人为本people foremost; People-oriented（六）动宾关系优势互补complement each other’s advantages自主经营，自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses（七）条件关系不进则退no progress simply means regression（八）省略意象瞻前顾后overcautions and indecisive源远流长have a long history呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point花天酒地go on the loose汗马功劳exploits闻名遐迩famous独具匠心original中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey世外桃源a haven of peace浩如烟海的文化典籍numerous volumes of literature预约券reservation ticket下午茶high tea微博Microblog/ Tweets裸婚naked wedding亚健康sub-health平角裤boxers愤青young cynic灵魂伴侣soul mate小白脸toy boy精神出轨soul infidelity人肉搜索flesh search剩女3S lady（single，seventies,stuck）/left girls山寨copycat异地恋long-distance relationship性感妈妈yummy mummy钻石王老五diamond bachelor时尚达人fashion icon上相的,上镜头的photogenic学术界academic circle哈证族certificate maniac偶像派idol type住房公积金housing funds熟女cougar（源自电影Cougar Club）挑食者picky-eater伪球迷fake fans紧身服straitjacket团购group buying奉子成婚shotgun marriage婚前性行为premarital sex炫富flaunt wealth决堤breaching of the dike上市list share赌球soccer gambling桑拿天sauna weather自杀Dutch act假发票fake invoice金砖四国BRIC countries笑料laughing stock泰国香米Thai fragrant rice学历造假fabricate academic credentials泄洪release flood waters狂热的gaga eg: I was gaga over his deep blue eyes when I first set eyes on him 防暑降温补贴high temperature subsidy暗淡前景bleak prospects文艺爱情片chick flick惊悚电影slasher flick房奴车奴mortgage slave上课开小差zone out万事通know-it-all毕业典礼commencement散伙饭farewell dinner毕业旅行after-graduation trip节能高效的fuel-efficient具有时效性的time-efficient死记硬背cramming很想赢be hungry for success面子工程face job指甲油nail varnish射手榜top-scorer list学历门槛academic threshold王牌主播mainstay TV host招牌菜signature dishes非正常死亡excess death影视翻拍plays reshooting四大文学名著the four masterpieces of literature城市热岛效应urban heat island effect逃学play hooky, 装病不上班play hooky from work一线城市first-tier cities高考the National College Entrance Examines录取分数线admission scores小型警车panda car老爷车vintage car保障性住房indemnificatory housing一决高下Duke it out差别电价differential power prices囤积居奇hoarding and profiteering灰色市场Grey market反倾销anti-dumping经济二次探底double dip吃白食的人freeloader橙色预警orange signal warning公关public relation不幸的日子，不吉利的日子black-letter day吉利的日子saints' days人肉搜索flesh search廉租房low rent housing限价房capped-price housing经适房affordable housing替罪羔羊whipping boy对口支援partner assistance扫把星jinx资本货物capital goods最终消费品final consumption goods原材料raw material制成品manufactured goods重工业heavy industry贸易顺差trade surplus外汇储备foreign exchange reserve潮人：trendsetter发烧友：fancier骨感美女：boney beauty卡奴：card slave蹦迪：disco dancing电脑游戏迷：gamer家庭主男：house-husband小白脸，吃软饭的：kept man二奶：kept woman麦霸：Mic king / Mic queen型男：metrosexual man（范指那些极度重视外貌而行为gay化的直男，型男属于其中的一种）新新人类：new-new generation另类：offbeat菜鸟：rookie“色”友（摄影爱好者）：shutterbug驴友：tour pal娘娘腔：sissy全职妈妈：stay-at-home mom裸奔：streaking80后：80's generation百搭：all-match肚皮舞：belly dance片前广告：cinemads角色扮演：cosplay情侣装：couples dress电子书：e-book电子杂志：e-zine胎教：fetal education限时抢购：flash sale合租：flat-share期房：forward delivery housing荧光纹身：glow tattoo团购：group purchase健商：HQ扎啤：jug beer八卦，丑闻：kiss and tell低腰牛仔裤：low-rise jeans泡泡袜：loose socks裸妆：nude look黄牛票：scalped ticket透视装：see-through dress扫货：shopping spree烟熏妆：smokey-eye make-up水货：smuggled goods热裤：tight pants舌钉：tongue pin纳米技术：nanotechnology通灵：psychic文凭热degree craze反腐败anti-corruption联合军演joint military drill财政赤字budget deficit拜倒在某人的石榴裙下throw oneself at sb's feet 打破记录break a record创造新纪录create a new record终生学习lifelong learning天气保险weather insurance正妹hotty对某人念念不忘get the hots for希望把好运带来给自己touch wood婚外恋extramarital love; extramarital affair职场冷暴力emotional office abuse赞助费sponsorship fee抚恤金financial compensation，compensation payment 草莓族Strawberry generation草根总统grassroots president点唱机juke box笨手笨脚have two left feet演艺圈Showbiz试点，试运行on a trial basis精疲力竭be dead on one's feet软禁be under house arrest拼车car-pooling解除好友关系unfriend v.发送色情短信sexting暴走go ballistic婚检premarital check-up天书mumbo-jumbo情意绵绵的lovey-dovey漂亮女人tomato（俚语）；妖娆女子cheese cake懦夫quitter（俚语）母校alma mater黑马dark horse挥金如土spend money like water意外怀孕unplanned pregnancy人流abortion避孕措施contraceptives生殖健康reproductive health海外代购overseas purchasing试镜screen test访谈节目chat show智力竞赛节目quiz show武侠片martial arts film封面报道cover story跳槽jump ship闪婚flash marriage闪电约会speeddating闪电恋爱whirlwind romance刻不容缓，紧要关头crunch time健身bodybuilding遮阳伞parasol人渣scouring头等舱first-class cabin世界遗产名录the world heritage list乐活族LOHAS（Lifestyle Of Health And Sustainability）安乐死euthanasia私生子an illegitimate child; a love child一夜情one-night stand。
汉语四字格翻译
（二） 语意重复
这种四字结构前后两个词语的语意是一样的，如果前后两个词语都翻译就构成语意重复了，
广袤无垠的中华大地 the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory
高瞻远瞩的决策 a visionary/far-sighted decision
扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses
反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government
简政放权 streamline administration and institute decentralization
（七） 条件关系
不进则退 no progress simply means regression.
（八） 省略意象
瞻前顾后 overcautious and indecisive
源远流长 have a long history
呕心沥血 spare no efforts
画龙点睛 bring out the crucial point
流连忘返 linger on with no thought of leaving for home
国际局势复杂多变 the complex and volatile international situation
开拓进取 blaze new trails and forge ahead
求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences
路遥知马力，日久见人心 Time will tell.
英语四字格成语的翻译==中高口译
四字格的翻译（0303-0703）注：1. 这里只给出四字格脱离语境的翻译，放在上下文中一定根据句子要求进行调整。
2. 意义重复的四字格可只需译出一处。
预防为主0703高prevention first综合治理0703高comprehensive control/management全面推进0703高entire/all-round push-on重点突破0703高breakthrough at key points亲仁善邻0609高cordiality, benevolence and good neighborliness和睦相处0609高living in harmony with others强不凌弱0609高The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor.协和万邦0609高All nations live side by side in perfect harmony.有容乃大One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers. 兼收并蓄0609高embrace everything that is useful光阴似箭0603高Time flies like an arrow. /How time files!有诺必践Commitment should always be kept.一如既往0603高unswervingly和衷共济0509高solidarity; fighting together with one accord亡国灭种0509高extinction; being conquered and destroyed万众一心0509高pull together; join hands; make joint efforts; be united as one浩然气概0509高noble spirit不屈节操0509高unyielding moral principle赴汤蹈火0509高go through fire and water殊死奋战0509高fight desperately; fight to death可歌可泣0509高moved one to songs and tears英勇卓绝0509高heroic and splendid插科打诨0503高comic parts精微深奥0503高profound and abstruse博大精深0403高extensive and profound源远流长0403高run a long history天下为公0403高The world belongs to all the people.匹夫有责Every man has a duty to his country.吃苦耐劳0403高hard work and enduring hardship勤俭持家0403高run the household industriously and frugally尊师重教0403高respect teachers and attach importance to education 当务之急0309高urgent; imminent不谋而合0303高coincide with莘莘学子0609中students青春洋溢0609中young书香浓郁0609中academic/cultural atmosphere充满活力dynamic; vigorous多姿多彩0603中colorful色彩斑斓0603中同“多姿多彩”日新月异0603中change with each passing day光芒四射0603中shining; brilliant鲜艳夺目0603中同“光芒四射”安居乐业0603中live and work happily and peacefully万里尚为邻 Distance can never separate real friends.携手前进0509中join hands名列前茅0503中rank top补充形容词性举足轻重decisive, vital, significant光辉灿烂glorious and magnificent不可磨灭indelible无边无际boundless广袤富饶vast and fertile宏伟挺拔towering magnificence金壁辉煌splendid and magnificent玲珑剔透exquisitely carved/made/wrought蔚为壮观splendid; spectacular庄严肃穆solemn不屈不挠unyielding, unrelenting, dauntless动词性此起彼伏rise one after another, keep cropping up繁衍生息live and multiply/reproduce改朝换代changes of dynasties穷兵黩武wantonly engage in military aggression; use all one’s armed might to indulge in wars of aggression雅俗共赏appeal to both refined and popular tastes与日俱增increase with each passing day, be steadily on the increase极目远眺look as far as the eye can see按资排辈to assign priority according to seniority求同存异seeking common ground while putting aside differences流连忘返linger on; be too delighted to leave乐不思蜀too delighted to be homesick不宣而战start an undeclared war尽收眼底hold a panoramic view扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences延年益寿prolong one’s life审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits扫黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography减员增效downsize(and cut payroll) to improve efficiency退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pasture互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial集资办学raise money to set up new schools寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance廉洁奉公honestly perform. one’s official duties呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point名词性：绿水青山green hills and clear waters墨客骚人men of letters奇花异草exotic flowers and herbs鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey奇峰异石picturesque peaks and rocks浓妆淡抹heavy or light makeup轩然大波 a great disturbance, a mighty uproar凤毛麟角rarity of rarities层峦叠嶂range upon range of mountains; the hills rise around…崇山峻岭steep mountains雕梁画栋carved beams and painted pillars名山大川famous mountains and great rivers湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites平等互利equality and mutual benefit国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood灵丹妙药panacea/miraculous cure中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone世外桃源 a haven of peace长治久安 a long period of stability按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance。
中学英语四字格词语翻译课件
译文将一个英语短语译为了汉语的四字格结构。
3. Misery loves company.
同病相怜 译文将一个英语句子译为了汉语的四字格结构。
4. A word once let go cannot be recalled.
❖一 ❖ 并列关系，这一类四字结构的特点是前后两个词组是并列关
系，且词类相同，只须用语义合词类对应的英语表达即可。 ❖ 名山大川
❖ famous mountains and great rivers ❖ 名胜古迹
❖ scenic spots and historical sites ❖ 湖光山色
❖ landscape of lakes and hills ❖ 青山绿水
❖ green hills and clear waters ❖ 奇松怪石
❖ strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations
平等互利 equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权 streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益 draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安 the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和 the government functions well and people cooperate well
汉译英四字结构
优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest 延年益寿 prolong one’s life one’ 灵丹妙药 panacea / miraculous cure 长治久安 a long period of stability 求真务实 pragmatic 审时度势 size up the trend of events
并
列
关
系
名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石 strangelystrangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations
偏正词组
廉洁奉公 honestly perform one’s official duties one’ 环境绿化 environmental greening 超前消费 premature consumption OverOver-consume excessive consumption 以强凌弱 the strong domineering over the weak 以人为本 people foremost; People-oriented People-
途径方式
寓教于乐 teach through lively activities 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 按劳分配 distribution according to performance 以商养文 support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business
Unit 6 汉语四字格的英译
Unit6 汉语四字格的英译four-character structures in Chinese 四字格是汉语词汇的一大特点。
它一般是由分成前后两个部分的四个语素构成。
从语法关系看，词组中前后两个部分可以是主谓、动宾、偏正或并列关系。
从结构上看，四字格可分为自由词组和固定词组两类。
自由词组是临时组成的，可以随意拆散，重新组合，例如：品种齐全，做工精细等。
而固定词组是一个整体，四个语素不能拆开或随意更换。
而且，一些意义特俗，流传久远的四字格词语也被称为成语，如死里逃生，沧海一粟等。
汉语四字格的突出特点是：内容言简意赅，形式整齐划一，语音顺口悦耳，表达效果形象生动。
四字格的常见译法主要有以下几种：1.译为形容词。
例如：他的演讲枯燥乏味。
His speech was dreary.还有那么多工作要做，弄得他灰心丧气。
He was daunted by the amount of work still to be done.2.译为名词。
例如：我庆幸自己死里逃生。
I congratulate myself upon my narrow escape.但我的事现在搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。
But there has been too much publicity surrounding my case.东佘山则以茂林修竹、奇峰怪石、悬崖峭壁、竹径通幽、古迹依稀，而令人起怀古之情。
The eastern section of the Sheshan Mountain ,however,is noted for its dense forest and elegant bamboos,fantastic peeks,grotesque rocks,steep cliffs,quiet bamboo paths and historic sites that remind tourists of the ancient time.3.译为形容词+in+名词的结构外交人员要立场坚定、目光远大、头脑敏捷、业务熟练、才华出众、风格高尚。
中高级口笔译必备：汉语四字格翻译
（一）并列关系名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利equality and mutual benefit扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well国计民生national welfare and the people’s liveliho od辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences（二）语意重复广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰survival of the fittest延年益寿prolong one’s life灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure长治久安a long period of stability求真务实pragmatic审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned功在当代，利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations继往开来，承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future路遥知马力，日久见人心Time will tell.吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography德高望重of high ability and integrity互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation遵纪守法observe the relevant code of conduct and the law（三）目的关系减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学raise money to set up new schools结党营私form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one（四）途径方式寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business （五）偏正词组廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties环境绿化environmental greening超前消费premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak以人为本people foremost; People-oriented（六）动宾关系优势互补complement each other’s advantages自主经营，自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses（七）条件关系不进则退no progress simply means regression（八）省略意象瞻前顾后overcautions and indecisive源远流长have a long history呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point花天酒地go on the loose汗马功劳exploits闻名遐迩famous独具匠心original中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey世外桃源a haven of peace浩如烟海的文化典籍numerous volumes of literature。
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汉译英中常见四字结构的翻译
在汉语中有很多类似成语的四字结构，它们没有成语那么深的寓意，但表达形式很像成语，令很多翻译初学者头疼，其实很多时候我们遇到这种结构是不要想太多，准确理解其真正含义，用相应的英语单词或者表达翻译就是了。
...
在汉语中有很多类似成语的四字结构，它们没有成语那么深的寓意，但表达形式很像成语，令很多翻译初学者头疼，其实很多时候我们遇到这种结构是不要想太多，准确理解其真正含义，用相应的英语单词或者表达翻译就是了。
一般四字格中总会有两个词语组成一个汉语词语，看前后两个字组成的词语的逻辑关系来采用不同的方法来翻译即可，但切记先得判断清楚四节结构的词类以及前后两个词组的关系。
（一）并列关系，这一类四字结构的特点是前后两个词组是并列关系，
且词类相同，只须用语义合词类对应的英语表达即可。
名山大川famous mountains and great rivers
名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites
湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills
青山绿水green hills and clear waters
奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations
平等互利equality and mutual benefit
扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses
反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government
简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization
集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas
国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony
政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well
国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood
辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new
徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud
流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home
国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation
开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead
求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences
（二）语意重叠，对于此类结构，只需翻译其中一项语义就行。
广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory
高瞻远瞩的决策 a visionary/far-sighted decision
贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions
层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another
优胜劣汰survival of the fittest
延年益寿prolong one’s life
灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure
长治久安 a long period of stability
求真务实pragmatic
审时度势size up the trend of events
招商引资attract investment
誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned
功在当代，利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations
继往开来，承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 路遥知马力，日久见人心Time will tell.
吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat
车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out
急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits
大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography
德高望重of high ability and integrity
互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial
互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation
遵纪守法observe the relevant code of conduct and the law
（三）目的关系，对于目的关系的可以采用动词不定式或者介词短语来表达
目的状语。
减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)
退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures
集资办学raise money to set up new schools
结党营私form cliques for private gain
扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one
（四）途径方式，可以采用介词through, according to, with等介词短语表达相应的方式状语。
寓教于乐teach through lively activities
因材施教teach students according to their aptitude
按劳分配distribution according to performance
以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business
（五）偏正词组，对于偏正关系的四字格必有一主一次，将其中一个词语
处理为修饰性成分，而将另外一个处理为中心词。
廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties
环境绿化environmental greening
超前消费premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption
以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak
以人为本people foremost; People-oriented
（六）动宾关系
优势互补complement each other’s advantages
自主经营，自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses
（七）条件关系
不进则退no progress simply means regression.
（八）省略意象
瞻前顾后overcautious and indecisive
源远流长have a long history
呕心沥血spare no efforts
画龙点睛bring out the crucial point
花天酒地go on the loose
汗马功劳exploits
闻名遐迩famous
独具匠心original
中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone
鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey
世外桃源 a haven of peace
浩如烟海的文化典籍numerous volumes of literature。