复合泡沫金属材料缓冲吸能性能研究

工学硕士学位论文

复合泡沫金属材料缓冲吸能性能研究

丁佰锁

哈尔滨工业大学

2006年6月

国内图书分类号：O347.3

国际图书分类号：531.6.61

工学硕士学位论文

复合泡沫金属材料缓冲吸能性能研究

硕士 研究生：丁佰锁

导师：孙毅教授

申 请 学 位：工学硕士

学科、专业：固体力学

所在单位：航天学院航天科学与力学系

答辩日期：2006年6月

授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学

Classified Index: O347.3

U.D.C: 531.6.61

Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering

ENERGY ABSORPTION PROPERTY OF COMPOSITE METALLIC FOAMS

Candidate:Ding Bai Suo

Supervisor:Prof. Sun Yi

Academic Degree Applied for: Master of Engineering Specialty:Solid Mechanics

Affiliation: Dep. Of Astronautics and Mechanics Date of Defence:July, 2006

Degree-Conferring-Institution: Harbin Institute of Technology

哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文

摘要

在很多工程应用中，为了防止冲击与振动所造成的破坏，常常使用吸能材料作为防护层，在众多的吸能材料中，泡沫材料作为一种具有优越缓冲吸能性能的材料，得到了越来越广泛的关注。本文利用挤压铸造法制备了一种新型的复合泡沫金属材料，该材料由空心微珠填充铝合金基体而成，它是一种应用前景非常广阔的吸能与冲击防护材料。

本文采用理论分析、数值仿真与实验的方法对复合泡沫金属的静动态力学响应与吸能性能进行了相应的研究。

对多种不同玻璃微珠含量，不同基体合金和热处理方式的复合泡沫金属进行了准静态压缩试验和落锤式冲击试验，获得了材料的压缩杨氏模量和屈服强度等数据，得到了压缩应力应变曲线，计算了相应的吸能能力与理想吸能效率，探讨了不同因素对复合材料压缩力学响应与吸能特性的影响规律。描述了复合泡沫金属材料的吸能机制。根据刚度等效原则，将复合材料圆柱试样的轴向冲击破坏过程简化为等效均质圆柱的一维碰撞问题，应用一维应力波传播的理论描述了复合材料圆柱试样受轴向冲击的破坏过程，推倒了在冲击过程中材料吸收的冲击动能。

观察了不同复合泡沫金属材料试样的宏观破坏形貌，同时借助扫描电境，对不同复合材料准静态压缩与轴向冲击破坏后试件的切片进行了微观分析，探讨了材料的宏观与细观破坏机制。

最后，利用通用有限元软件ANSYS，对复合材料静态压缩试验进行了数值模拟，利用胞元法思想建立了复合泡沫金属材料的微观结构模型，得到了材料在静态位移载荷和静态压力载荷作用下的变形与应力分布规律，进一步探讨了材料的微观损伤机理。

本文的研究工作为复合泡沫材料失效形式的判断与行优化设计提供了相应的依据。

关键词复合泡沫金属；缓冲吸能；有限元方法；压缩；冲击，

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哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文

Abstract

In many engineering applications, in order to prevent the damage caused by impact and vibration, often use energy absorbing material as a protective layer. In a large number of materials to use, foam can use as a buffer with superior performance materials, has won increasingly widespread concern. In this paper, we use squeeze casting method for a new legal system composite metallic foams, the materials from hollow sphere filled aluminum alloy matrix composite based, it is a very broad prospects for application to the energy absorbing and impact protective material.

We use theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental methods studied composite metallic foams static and dynamic mechanics response, but also to study the performance of energy absorbing.

Quasi-static compression tests and a drop hammer-impact tests were made to different composite metallic foams with different content of hollow sphere, different matrix alloy and heat treatment, received Yang’s module volume and yield strength, got stress-stain response curve, calculated the ability and ideal efficiency of energy absorbing, discussed the effect low of different factors on composite material’s mechanics response and energy absorbing capacity. Describe the energy absorbing mechanism of composite metallic foams. According to the principle of rigidity equivalent to the composite materials columns specimen must simplify the process of impact damage to the one-dimensional equivalent uniform columns collisions, applicated one-dimensional stress wave propagation theory to describe the destruction process of composite materials columns specimen.

Observed different specimen’s macroeconomic damage externalities, at the same time relying on the scanning electronic microscope, explored the macroscopical and microcosmic destruction mechanism.

Using general FEM software ANSYS, conducted numerical simulation of composite materials static compression tests, established micro-structural composite materials models, received the deformation and stress distribution of materials in static pressure load and the static displacement load.

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