初三的英语被动语态详细讲解

2 .含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时 , 将其中的宾语变 为主语 , 宾补不变 . 如 : We asked him to speak at the meeting . He was asked to speak at the meeting .
3 . 如果主动句中的谓语是短语动词 , 变为被动句 时 , 短语动词的介词或副词不可以丢掉 . 如 : They took good care of the boys . The boys were taken good care of . 4 . 在 “ let , make , see , hear , notice , watch , feel ” 等动词后面做宾语补足语的动词不定式不带 “ to ” , 但改成被动句时应加上 “ to ” . 如 : The doctor made me stay in bed for three days . I was made to stay in bed for three days by the doctor .
六.不用被动语态的动词：
1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, dissapear, …
happened •A traffic accident ________(happen) just now.
2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become…
变被动语态： 1 . He tells us a story every evening . We are told a story by him every evening . A story is told to us by him every evening . 2. He bought me a new bike yesterday. I was bought a new bike yesterday. A new bike was bought for me yesterday. 3 . Will he take his sister to the park ? Will his sister be taken to the park by him ? 4 . He is looking for the lost key . The lost key is being looked for by him . 5. The boss made him do the heavy work. He was made to do the homework (by the boss). 6. We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar
•Peking Opera ________ sounds (sound) beautiful.
3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:
•The pen _________ (write) very fast. writes •This kind of sweater _______ sells (sell) well.
宾(受动者)
The room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.
四.各种时态的被动语态构成
1.一般现在时： S+am/is /are +过去分词
2.一般过去时：
3. 情态动词：
S+was/were +过去分词.
S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词.
• I can find him. • He can be found by me.
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4.现在完成时
has /have +been done
• Jim has finished the work. • The work has been finished by Jim.
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5.一般将来时 will /be going to+ be done
2 . She washes her hands before lunch . Her hands are washed before lunch .
3 . Do the young pioneers plant trees every spring ? Are trees planted by the young pioneers every spring ? 4 . His uncle doesn’t often play table tennis . Table tennis isn’t often played by his uncle . .
7 . I didn’t buy a dictionary . A dictionary wasn’t bought by me . 8 . Did you bring a raincoat ? Was a raincoat brought by you ?
9 . He will study English well . English will be studied well by him . 10 . Will you clean your classroom ? Will your classroom be cleaned by you ?
The Passive Passive Voice The Voice
被动语态
Made by Li Yong at Sanhua Middle School Sept. 23rd,2015
一.被动语态基本用法
当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语 的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动 作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被 动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时 态通过be表现出来。
13 . We must take care of the books in the library . The books must be taken care of in the library .
14. You may find this kind of trees everywhere . This kind of trees may be found everywhere . 15 . You can’t see the stars in the daytime . The stars can’t be seen in the daytime .
3．Amy can take good care of Gina ． Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.
情态动词：
S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词
4.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.
主 谓
课堂练习 （一）改写句子 1. We plant trees in spring every year. Trees are planted by us in spring every year. _________________ 2. She posted the letter yesterday. The letter was posted by her yesterday. ____________________ 3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. I was given _______________a birthday present by Mr Turner. 5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow. Your homework may be handed in by you tomorrow. ______________________________ 6. She is going to write a letter. A letter is going to be written by her. __________________________
• • • • They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow He is going to write a letter to his mother. A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.
1. His brother washes bowls every
day.
主 谓
宾(受动者)
Bowls are washed by his brother every day.
2. They term．
bought ten computers last
Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词
11. I won’t write to my grandpa this evening . My grandpa won’t be written to this evening by me . 12 . The nurse will take care of the children . The children will be taken care of by the nurse .
二.被动语态的结构: be + 过去分词 （ 及物动词 ）
被动语态是英语动词的一种特殊形式 . 汉语中往往用 “ 被 ” “ 受 ” “ 给 ”等词来表示被动意义 .
三.主动语态变为被动语态的方法 :
1 . 主动句中的宾语变成被动句的主语 . 2 . 主动句中的谓语动词变成被动句的 be + 过去分词 . 3 . 主动句中的主语变成被动句 by 的宾语 , 放在谓语动词 后面 . 如果不强调动作执行者时 , by 短语可省略 .
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2.一般过去时 was/were+done
He made the kite. The kite was made by him. • He put on a coat. • A coat was put on by him.
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3.含有情态动词的被动语态 • can/may/must/should +be done
5 . I borrowed this book from the library last week . This book was borrowed from the library last week . 6 . The policemen caught three thieves last night . Three thieves were caught by the policemen last night .
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Exercise
Change the following sentences into the Passive voice : 1 . People speak English all over the world . English is spoken all over the world by people .
五.主动语态变成被动语态时要注意以下几点 :
1 . 含有双宾语的主动句变成被动句时 , 可以将其中一个宾 语变为主语 , 另一个不动 . 一般把间接宾语变为主语 . 如 : Mary gave me a pen . I was given a pen by Mary . 如果把直接宾语变为主语 , 则在间接宾语前加 “ to \for” 如 : A pen was given to me by Mary .
4.现在完成时
S+ have/has + been+过去分词.
5. 一般将来时： S + will+be+过去分词.
1.一般现在时 am/is/are +done
• We clean the classroom every day.
• The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
16 . Must we hand in our compositions tomorrow ? Must our compositions be handed in tomorrow ?
17 . He has already done the exercises . The exercises have already been done by him . 18 . My classmates have put on the play . The play has been put on by my classmates. 19.Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim.