中国文化英语期末作业
中国传统文化的英语作文5篇
中国传统文化的英语作文5篇1、《Chinese Traditional Culture》Chinese traditional culture is a vast and profound treasure. It includes many aspects such as Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, calligraphy, painting, traditional festivals and folk customs.Confucianism emphasizes morality, respect for elders and social order. Taoism pursues harmony with nature and inner peace. Buddhism brings the concepts of compassion and enlightenment.Traditional festivals like the Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Dragon Boat Festival are times for family reunions and celebration. Calligraphy and painting are not only art forms but also expressions of the spirit and wisdom of the Chinese people.We should cherish and inherit our traditional culture to make it thrive in modern times.2、《The Beauty of Chinese Traditional Culture》Chinese traditional culture is like a bright pearl shining throughout history.Our traditional music, with its various instruments and melodious tunes, conveys rich emotions. Chinese opera, with its unique costumes and vivid performances, tells fascinatingstories.The art of paper-cutting and embroidery showcases the exquisite craftsmanship of the Chinese people. Moreover, traditional Chinese medicine, based on thousands of years of practice, offers natural and effective ways to maintain health.Chinese traditional culture is the root of our nation. We have the responsibility to protect and pass it on.3、《The Richness of Chinese Traditional Culture》China has a long and splendid traditional culture.The cuisine is one of the outstanding parts. With diverse cooking methods and countless delicious dishes, it reflects the wisdom and creativity of the Chinese.The philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi provides profound thoughts on life and the universe. The traditional architecture, like the Forbidden City and ancient gardens, demonstrates the exquisite design and unique style.Chinese traditional culture also includes martial arts, which not only train the body but also cultivate the spirit.Let's carry forward this precious heritage and make it known to the world.4、《Inheritance of Chinese Traditional Culture》Chinese traditional culture is an invaluable asset.It encompasses ancient poetry and prose that convey deep emotions and thoughts. The traditional dance forms, with their graceful movements, are a visual treat.The customs and etiquette passed down through generations teach us respect and courtesy. Handicrafts like ceramics and weaving represent the diligence and skill of our ancestors.We must actively inherit and promote our traditional culture to ensure its continuous development and prosperity.5、《The Significance of Chinese Traditional Culture》Chinese traditional culture holds great significance.It shapes our national identity and sense of belonging. The values and morals derived from it guide our behavior and thinking.Traditional culture also enhances our cultural confidence and pride. It helps us understand our history and ancestors' wisdom.For example, the concept of harmony in Confucianism promotes peaceful coexistence. The spirit of perseverance in ancient stories inspires us to overcome difficulties.We should cherish and pass on this precious heritage.。
《中国文化》英语教程复习题及答案
I. Chinese Cultural Terms :1.绿茶green tea2.红茶black tea3.乌龙茶oolong tea4.黑茶dark tea5.花茶scented tea6.茉莉花茶jasmine tea7.八大菜系eight major schools of cuisine /8 Regional Chinese Cuisines8.茶道tea ceremony9.茶具tea set10.紫砂壶boccaro teapot11.北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck12.清蒸鱼steamed fish13.狗不理包子Goubili steamed buns14. 佛跳墙Buddha Jumping the Wall15. 《论语》The Analects16. 《诗经》The Book ofSongs17. 《道德经》Classic of the Way and Virtue18.道家Daoism19.汉字Chinese character20.象形文字pictograph21.甲骨文oracle-bone inscription/ oracle-bone script22.篆文seal character/ seal script23.文房四宝four treasures of study24.丝绸之路the Silk Road25. 海上丝绸之路the Maritime silk road26.一带一路倡议The Belt and Road Initiative27.西域the Western regions28.敦煌石窟the Dunhuang Grottoes29.春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period30. 方块象形文字the square-shaped pictographic character31. 颜(真卿)体the Yan style32. 民间艺术folk arts33.年画New Year pictures34.剪纸paper cutting /papercuts35.皮影戏shadow play36.苏绣Suhou Embroidery37.造纸术paper making38.印刷术printing39.佛经Buddhist scripture40.行书running script /semi-cursive script41.草书cursive script42.楷书regular script/standard script43.隶书official script/ clerical script44.砚the ink slab/ the ink stone; 墨ink stick45.六艺：礼乐射御书数“six arts” : ritual,music,archery, carriage driving , calligraphy , and mathematics46.毛笔the writing brush47.宣纸xuan paper/ rice paper48.中国书法Chinese calligraphy49.简体字：simplified characters50. 繁体字complex characters/ traditional characters51.中国结Chinese knots52.佛教Buddhism53.国徽national emblem54. 国旗national flag55. 国歌national anthemII. Multiple choices (每题三个选项中选一个最佳答案)1)Which of the following is irrelevant to the pictographic symbols of Chinese characters? (下列哪项与汉字的象形符号无关？)Aspiration. 吸Imagination.想象Creativity.创造力Allusion.典故2) Which of the following statements is true of the name of Fudan Universit(y关于复旦大学的名称，下列哪个陈述是正确的？)The characters both stand for "the sun rising on the horizon"这.些字符都代表着“太阳在地平线上升起”The name is taken from a Chinese classical poem.这个名字取自中国古典诗歌The name encourages the students to get up early in the morning.这个名字鼓励学生早上早起The characters are intended to tell the students to make progress day by day.这些字旨在让学生们一天天地进步3) Which of the following languages mostly consists of language pictures(下列语言中哪一种主要由语言图片组成？) ? B___Mandarin Chinese. 普通话Hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt.古埃及的象形文字Oracle-bone inscription. 甲骨文Seal characters.篆书4) The symbol for “swimming” is closest to (“游泳”的符号最接近的是)oracle-bone inscription 甲骨文Mandarin Chinese 普通话seal characters 篆书none of the above 没有选项5)The symbol for “athletics” contains the ingredients of (“运动”的符号包含了)dancing and running 跳舞、跑步running and swinging 跑步和摆动dancing and swinging 跳舞和摆动triathlon and football 铁人三项和足球6)All the following are the titles of Confucius excep(t以下孔子的头衔除了) ___.Ban educator 一个教育家A biologist 一个生物学家A scholar 有识之士A philosopher 一个哲学家7)The expression “filial piety” most probably means being (“孝”的意思很可能是指) ___.DLoyal to the state 忠于国家Obedient to sister(s) 听姐姐的话Responsible for the family 对家庭负责Dutiful to parents 孝顺父母8)Which of following can best describe Confucius’ view on the relationship between man and nature (下面哪一个最能说明孔子对人与自然关系的看法？) ___.D Brothers 兄弟Husband and wife 夫妇Doctor and patient 医生和病人Mother and son 母子9)Through burial and ancestral worship rituals,people can learn that (通过丧葬和祭祖仪式，人们可以了解到。
国学期末作文模板英语
国学期末作文模板英语英文回答：Throughout the course of the semester, I have been exposed to a diverse range of topics related to Chinese culture, history, and language. I have gained a deeper understanding of the complexities and richness of Chinese civilization and its profound impact on the world.Chinese Language:I have significantly enhanced my Chinese language skills through regular classes, homework assignments, and immersion activities. My vocabulary has expanded exponentially, and I am now able to construct more complex sentences and communicate effectively in a variety of situations.I have developed a strong foundation in Chinese grammar and syntax, which enables me to understand thenuances and subtleties of the language. I can now identify different sentence structures, verb forms, and particles, and use them appropriately.My pronunciation has also improved significantly. I have learned proper tones and articulation, which has increased my confidence in speaking Chinese.Chinese Culture:I have gained invaluable insights into Chinese history, philosophy, and traditional arts. I have studiedinfluential figures, major dynasties, and the developmentof Chinese society over thousands of years.I have explored the diverse regions of China, eachwith its unique customs, cuisines, and dialects. I have learned about the importance of festivals, traditions, and family values in Chinese culture.I have developed a deep appreciation for Chinese art forms, such as calligraphy, painting, and music. I havelearned the techniques, styles, and symbolism associated with these art forms.Cross-Cultural Comparison:I have had the opportunity to compare and contrast Chinese culture with my own culture. This has helped me identify similarities and differences, and has fostered a greater understanding and appreciation for cultural diversity.I have learned to navigate cross-cultural communication challenges and have developed strategies for effective communication in multicultural settings.Personal Growth:This course has not only enhanced my academic knowledge but has also contributed significantly to my personal growth. I have become more confident in my intercultural communication skills.I have developed a greater curiosity and openness to learning about different cultures. I have realized the importance of lifelong learning and the value of exploring new perspectives.中文回答：在本学期中，我接触到了许多关于中国文化、历史和语言的主题。
中国文化英语期末终极版复习2
英语复习一，听力(儒家文化，京剧，四大发明考听力，其他听力自行复习)1，复习网络段落听力（10个）2，复习网络图片听力（5个）二，Ture or False（10个）1,三大国粹(Three national quintessence) 国画，京剧, 中医2,京剧里面脸谱(facebook)：红色代表忠诚(loyalty)，白色代表阴险(sinister) 3,三江并流是：金沙江（Jinsha River）澜沧江（Lancang River）怒江（Nujiang River）发源地：青藏高原(Tibet Plateau)的大江4,中国武术(Chinese Martial Arts)中最有影响力的是：少林功夫(Shaolin Kungfu) 5，王羲之代表作：《兰亭集序》（Lanting preface）6，活字印刷术发明人：毕昇(BiSheng)三，词义搭配（15个）仁：benevolence书画：calligraph and paint篆体：seal script行书：running script隶书：offical script楷书：regular script草书：cursive script总量：total volume资源总量：resource reservoir对称性：symmetry饮食特色：delicacy活字印刷：movable type printing半虚构：semi-fictional游牧民族： nomadic peoples气势宏伟：splendor三，阅读4篇网络阅读，1篇课外阅读(24节气，中国自然资源，饺子，布达拉宫) 四，翻译少林功夫(Shaolin Kungfu)五，从五个话题中选一个写作文京剧(Beijing opera)字画端午节(The Dragon Boat Feitial)三国演义(Romance of The Three Kingdoms)十二生肖(The Chinese Zodiac Animal Signs)。
昆明理工大学 中国文化英语作业
Insight into chinese culture The Modern Value of Confucian Thoughts in SocietyName: Tianding HuNumber:2014708005Teacher:Professor LifferFaculty Of Chemical EngineeringDate: July 1, 2015The Modern Value of Confucian Thoughts in Society(Kunming University of Science and technology, Kunming, Tianding Hu, 20150701)1 IntroductionIn the past decade, a great number of multinational companies entered the Chinese market for getting increasing profits and sustaining the growth in the increasing fierce global competition. They are mainly interested in a favourable investment environment and cheap labor and raw materials. The social and public image of these companies were good for quite a lot of years because they created many job opportunities and became important financial source of local government taxes . The wake-up call came to seriously review these enterprises’human resource management practices only after the employees’suicide events of Foxconn.2 The basic ideas of confucian on society managementAs the key of Chinese traditional culture values, Confucian established their value viewpoints based on "benevolence". The thought includes two aspects: first, "benevolence（Ren）" is in human nature, which origins from the most basic human`s family relations. Second, society consists of people. Peole must establish a harmonious interpersonal relationship with others .Only by paying attention to the other members within a family and a society, individuals could grow up and families could be harmonious and a society could be prosper. The Confucian social management relies heavily on the ethical principles.2.1“Benevolence”:originates from the most basic human relationships in familyBenevolence is the nuclear idea of Confucian values. In “The Analects”there are many descriptions about the disciples asking Confucius questions: what is the “benevolence”? Although Confucius’s answers were very different each time, his main idea can be summed up as “loyalty and filial piety”(Confucius, 2008 [1]). In Confucius’s answers, Ren origins from the most basic human relationships within a family. If one person is filial piety to his parents (“filial piety”), respects his elder brother (“Ti”), his action is the most pristine performance of benevolence(Confucius, 2008 [1]). Further, if everybody can treat others as if treating his family members, treat his leader with “loyalty”and be trustworthy by his friends with “xin”, the society will be perfect. Mencius further developed Confucius’s thoughts, he pointed out that four natural affective components consist of human nature (he called them “four minds”): sympathy, sense of shame, sense of right and wrong, yielding(Mencious ,2009[2]) . Mencius viewed benevolence as the necessary of human four pristine emotions and human nature outpouring naturally. So people can live peacefully together when they have these emotions in a right way. The later development of Confucianism basically integrated both Confucius and Mencius’s viewpoints, claims social intercourse principles are derived from the most basic human relationships in family, it should be the start point of society rules and systems. Having benevolence was seen as the core how an individual can belong to a “group”.2.2 The human relations based on the family relationshipAccording to Confucianism, the family is the basic unit of social structure, and all social relationships can find their initial root in family life. Taking the family relationships as the origin of all social relationships, family relationships construct the social network, this idea constitutes the design principles of Chinese traditional societal structure. Confucianism termed the interpersonal relationship as Five-Lun (five ethic relationships), of which three Lun (father and son, elder brother and younger brother, husband and wife) are connected to family life. The relationship between the ruler and the being ruled subordinates should refer to the relationship between father and son, the fellowship and friendship may refer to the relationship between brothers. According to the Confucian view, a society is a super large family based on family organization principle. “Family”or “nation”comes down in one continuous line essentially, that is so-called “self-cultivation→family harmony→state governing→keep the land under the heavenly peace”(The Philosopher Zeng, 2011[3]). Being originated from family, people constitute many groups like concentric circles, in which people fulfill their duties and responsibility while obtain their respective identity and social value. In the super big family like a concentric circle(Fei Xiaotong ,1998[4]), kinship is the main link of interpersonal relationships(Lin Anwu ,1998[5]), the most important social responsibility of the individual is the “loyalty”and “filial piety”.3 To place people as the first, harmonious coexistence, the modern value of confucianism in ethic leadershipThe globalization has brought profound influence on China and the enterprise in China. As a developing country, in the modernization process the Chinese social structure and traditional values have been changes. The West values have taken more dominant position. Along with the disorganization of traditional society structure and traditional values, the Confucianism ideas on which the social structure and values were based, have been for a quite long time considered as obstacles of Chinese modernization process (Yang Guorong, 1994[7]). Having emphasize on technological innovation, strict scientific management system and standardization of production processes, the modern Western management thoughts have gradually replaced the Chinese traditional values in business and management. However, like other developing countries, the fierce competition brought by the globalization compressed Chinese enterprises growth’s space. Being at the low end of production chain companies like Foxconn are typical cases of Chinese enterprise’s plight actuality. For pursuing profit maximization, the Chinese enterprises such as Foxconn have to cut costs mainly through strict control system and standardized production processes. In the production process, employees are simplified as parts of large machine, they are asked to act according to rules and orders and standards without making errors.In the production process, individual differences and authenticity are ignored. For the sake of saving cost, enterprises ignore employees’personal life entirely except for the part when they are productive and valuable for the production processes. The highly efficient and consistency of production process contrasts with the employees after-work life which is not paid any attention to. In the enterprises such as Foxconn, human resources are not seen as sustainable, enterprises don’t provide the space for employees’self-development, the channels for releasing employees’emotions. Ignoring employees’human desire resultes ultimately in the events such as Foxconn’s employee suicide. The example of Foxconn showed the serious shortcoming of capitalism development model based on economic profit seeking. The scholars called this model as social development model governed by scientific technology.4 ConclusionHuman resources are essential of the society development, especially if the Chineseenterprises want to move to the direction of having own brands, upgrade to the high-technical areas. Being confronted by the fierce global competition, the Chinese enterprises must innovate new management ideas that are suitable for the Chinese cultural context and the Chinese way of economic development. The challenge is how to build healthy and harmonious enterprise culture, how to form good circulation between employees’self-development and enterprises development and create Chinese style of management culture. This article proposes that the Confucian ethics leadership thoughts can be very valuable for dealing with these challenges, and the implementation of Confucianism ideas in the daily management can have positive effect in improving the Chinese enterprises’performance in not only profitability but also sustainability.Reference[1]Confucius.TheAnalects.YangBojun(ModernChinese) u(English)[M].Peking: Zhonghua Book Company,2008:2-3,4-5,24-25, 272-273,50-51,58-59 (in Chinese) [2] Mencious. Yang Bo-jun(Modern Chinese) Zhao Zhen-tao and Zhang Wen-ting and Zhou Ding-zhi (English) Mencious. [M]. Hunan People’s Publishing House,2009(2): 72-73, 294-295,18-19 (in Chinese)[3] The Philosopher Zeng. The Great Learning. James. Legge. (English), Chinese-English edition [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2011: 2-5 (in Chinese)[4] Fei Xiao-tong. Rural China and Child-Bearing Institution [M]. Peking: Peking University Press, 1998:27 (in Chinese)[5] Lin An-wu. Philosophical Review on Confucianism and Chinese Traditional Society [M]. Shanghai: Academia Press,1998:31-38 (in Chinese)[6] The Philosopher Zi Si.The Doctrine of the Mean. James. Legge (English), Chinese-English Edition, [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2011: 46-47 (in Chinese)[7] Yang Guo-rong. The Good as an Unfolding Process: The Development of Confucian Value-system and Its Transformation in Modern Times [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Press, 1994: 368(in Chinese)。
中国文化英语版课后答案
中国文化英语版课后答案1、_______ songs is my favorite. [单选题] *A. To Singing EnglishB. Singing English(正确答案)C. Singings EnglishD. Sing English2、43．How much did you ________ the man for the TV? [单选题] * A．pay(正确答案)B．takeC．spendD．buy3、Many children have to _______ their parents. [单选题] *A. divide intoB. put onC. depend on(正确答案)D. take on4、What he said sounds _______. [单选题] *A. pleasantlyB. nicelyC. friendly(正确答案)D. wonderfully5、It took a long time to _______ Tom to go shopping with me. [单选题] *A. speakB. tellC. persuade(正确答案)D. talk6、—Tony, it’s cold outside. ______ wear a jacket?—OK, mom.（）[单选题] *A. Why not(正确答案)B. Why don’tC. Why did youD. Why do you7、____ is standing at the corner of the street. [单选题] *A. A policeB. The policeC. PoliceD. A policeman(正确答案)8、It _____ us a lot of time to do this job. [单选题] *A. spentB. madeC. took(正确答案)D. cost9、I hope to see you again _______. [单选题] *A. long long agoB. long beforeC. before long(正确答案)D. long10、You can buy some pieces of bread from "_______". [单选题] *A. Bakery(正确答案)B. Travel AgencyC. LaundryD. Ticket Office11、At nine yesterday morning, I ______ an English class while they ______ a PE class.（）[单选题] *A. was having; were having(正确答案)B. had; hadC. was having; hadD. had; were having12、2．I think Game of Thrones is ________ TV series of the year. [单选题] *A．excitingB．more excitingC．most excitingD．the most exciting (正确答案)13、—_____ will the bus arrive? —In four minutes. [单选题] *A. How longB. How oftenC. How soon(正确答案)D. How far14、20．Sometimes it often rains ________ in my hometown in summer. [单选题] *A．heavyB．hardlyC．heavily(正确答案)D．strongly15、58．—How much is Lucy's skirt?—She________320 yuan for it. I think it's a little dear. [单选题] *A．tookB．paid(正确答案)C．spentD．bought16、79．On a ________ day you can see the city from here. [单选题] *A．warmB．busyC．shortD．clear(正确答案)17、The hall in our school is _____ to hold 500 people. [单选题] *A. big enough(正确答案)B. enough bigC. very smallD. very big18、Chinese people spend _____ money on travelling today as they did ten years ago. [单选题] *A. more than twiceB. as twice muchC. twice as much(正确答案)D. twice more than19、76．—Could you tell me ________the bank?—Turn right and it's on your right. [单选题]* A．how get toB．how to getC．how getting toD．how to get to(正确答案)20、22．______ is convenient to travel between Pudong and Puxi now. [单选题] *A．It(正确答案)B．ThisC．ThatD．What21、56．Sam is in a hurry. Maybe he has got ________ important to do. [单选题] * A．everythingB．nothingC．anythingD．something(正确答案)22、Sitting at the back of the room（）a very shy girl with two bright eyes. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. hasD. there was23、We can _______ some information about this city on the Internet. [单选题] *A. look up(正确答案)B. look likeC. look afterD. look forward to24、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] *A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have25、We are living in an age（）many things are done by computer. [单选题] *A. thatB. whichC. whyD. when(正确答案)26、Tomorrow is Ann’s birthday. Her mother is going to make a _______ meal for her. [单选题] *A. commonB. quickC. special(正确答案)D. simple27、Mr. Brown ______ the football match next week.（）[单选题] *A. is seeingB. seesC. sawD. is going to see(正确答案)28、41．My father is a headmaster and he is _____ charge _____ a primary school. [单选题] *A．/, ofB．/, withC．in, of (正确答案)D．in, with29、Comparatively speaking, of the three civil servants, the girl with long hair is _____. [单选题] *A. more helpfulB. extremely helpfulC. very helpfulD. the most helpful(正确答案)30、46．The pants look cool.You can ________. [单选题] *A．try it onB．try on itC．try them on(正确答案)D．try on them。
中国文化 英文版 试卷
中国文化英文版试卷China's culture is as rich and diverse as its history, which spans over 5,000 years. This vast period has seen the development of everything from calligraphy and porcelain to martial arts and cuisine. Chinese culture is a tapestry woven with many threads: philosophical, religious, artistic, and culinary, to name just a few.One of the most recognizable aspects of Chinese culture is its philosophy. The teachings of Confucius, Laozi, and other scholars have shaped not only China but also the world. Confucianism, with its emphasis on morality, propriety, and practical wisdom, has been a guiding principle in Chinese society. Taoism, with its focus on harmony with nature, has influenced Chinese attitudes toward life and the environment.Art is another pillar of Chinese culture, encompassing a variety of forms and expressions. Calligraphy, an art form that values the beauty and fluidity of characters, is highly respected. Similarly, traditional Chinese painting, with its delicate brushwork and emphasis on nature, reflects the Taoist appreciation for the natural world.Chinese cuisine, famous for its flavors and variety, is a reflection of the country's regional diversity. Each region has its own unique dishes and cooking styles, from the spicy Sichuan and Hunan cuisines to the more subtle flavors of Cantonese cooking. The importance of food in Chinese culture can also be seen in the traditional festivals, where meals play a central role in the celebrations.Religion and spirituality hold a significant place in Chinese culture. Buddhism, which arrived from India, has been adapted into Chinese society and has coexisted with Taoism and Confucianism, influencing the spiritual lives of millions. Ancestor worship and the veneration of various deities also form part of the religious fabric.The Chinese New Year, or Spring Festival, is perhaps the most important of traditional Chinese festivals. It is a time of family reunions, feasting, and giving thanks. The festival is rich with symbols and rituals, all designed to bring good luck and ward off evil spirits for the coming year.In modern times, China has seen a resurgence of interest in traditional culture, as well as a blending of old and new. Contemporary Chinese art, cinema, and literature draw on traditional themes while exploring new forms and ideas. This fusion is a testament to the dynamic nature of Chinese culture, which continues to evolve while staying rooted in its ancient traditions.In conclusion, Chinese culture is a complex and dynamic system that has evolved over millennia. It is a culture that values wisdom, beauty, and harmony, and continues to influence the world in myriad ways. As China plays an increasingly significant role on the global stage, understanding its culture becomes more important than ever. It is a culture that, like the dragon, a symbol of strength and good fortune in Chinese mythology, continues to soar to new heights. 。
中国文化英语作文
中国文化英语作文中国文化英语作文（精选35篇）在平平淡淡的日常中，大家总免不了要接触或使用作文吧，借助作文可以宣泄心中的情感，调节自己的心情。
为了让您在写作文时更加简单方便，下面是店铺精心整理的中国文化英语作文，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
中国文化英语作文篇1Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. This is true even as popular culture that has traditionally been considered Western begins to spread throughout China. Kung Fu, especially, has had a great impact on the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about other aspects of this culture, such as traditional operas like the Beijing and Sichuan ones. Asian nations have long known about the greatness of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are a mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted ideas such as Confucianism is something that continues today even as it is challenged by Pop Culture. This strength comes from the ideas given in the Four Books of Confucianism (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, and The Book of Mencius). These books built upon the ideas of an even more ancient period codified in the Five Classics. From them, the West learns such things as Fengshui and other concepts that are uniquely Chinese. China has taken steps to further this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.中国传统文化正在吸引全世界的注意，尽管在传统意义上被看成是西方文化的流行文化开始在中国广泛传播。
中国文化 英语版
1. C: What do you think of China?你怎么看中国？W1: China is a fascinating country. It has a lot to offer the world.中国是个迷人的国家，她对世界的贡献是巨大的。
W2: I don’t know a lot about China yet, but I’m eager to learn.我对中国还不太了解，但我很想知道。
2. C: What do you think of the Chinese?你怎么看中国人？W1:Chinese are very hospitable and kind-hearted.中国人民热情好客，亲切友好。
W2: Chinese value family and education more than Americans.中国人比美国人更看重家庭和教育。
3. C: What are your feelings about life in China?你觉得在中国的生活怎么样？W1: Life in China is so different from life in my country.中国的生活跟我们国家的截然不同。
W2: Life here seems more stable than life in my country.这里的生活似乎比我们国家的更稳定些。
C: How do you like the Great Wall?你觉得长城怎么样？W1: It’s the most amazing thing I’ve ever seen!那是我见过的最令人震撼的景观！W2: It’s really awesome! Words can’t describe it!真令人敬佩！无法用言语来形容。
Words can’t describe... 无法用言语表达1) Words can’t describe how thankful I am.我对你的感激之情溢于言表。
中国传统文化复习题(英文)
2010年复习题I. Answer the following questions on the answer sheet.1．What kind of ways may culture include?(codes of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, norms of behavior such as law and morality, and systems of belief as well as the art.)．2，It is thought that Culture consists of two components. What are they?It consists of material and non-material components3, What are the Four of the most important of the intangible human creations that nonmaterial culture includes ?They are beliefs, values, norms, and symbols.4, What does mediaeval culture consist of?They are the Christian culture, the Islamic culture, the Indian culture and the Confucian culture.5. What are the three philosophical streams In the Traditional Chinese Culture?Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.6. What are the five human relations According to Mencius?the relations between “father and son, monarch(君主) and officials, husband and wife, elder brother and younger brother, and friends”.7 .What are the Three Principles of Confucianism（三纲）?The king is the master of the minister; the husband is the master of the wife; the father is the master of the son.8. What are the Five Constant Virtues of Confucianism (五常)?Goodness, Rightness, Ritual, Wisdom, Credibility9. Do you know the most important classic of Taoism and its author?Dao De Jing, written by Laozi.10. Where is the origins of Buddhism?in India11,. What are the four Dis of Buddhism?They are Kudi（苦谛）, Jidi（集谛）, Miedi（灭谛）and Daodi（道谛）12. What are the two major trends that Buddhism split into quite early on in its development?Greater Vehicle (Mahayana) and Lesser Vehicle (Hinayana).13. Which and in where are the four Buddhist mountains ?Wutai Mountain in Wutai county in Shanxi province, Emei Mountain in Emei City in Sichuan province, Jiuhua Mountain in Qing yang County in Anhui province, and Putuo Mountain of Zhoushancity in Zhejiang province.14. Which and in where are the three Buddhist grottoes?Yun Gang grotto, in Datong of Shanxi province, Longmen grotto in Luoyang city of Henan province and Dunhuang grotto in Gansu province.15, What kind of food did man depend on before agriculture?mainly including the flesh of beasts and roots of plants.16, During Han periods, a number of food materials were introduced from the Western regions. Please name ten of them..grapes, pomegranate(石榴), Lucerne(紫花苜蓿), sesame (芝麻), flax(亚麻), walnut(核桃), garlic(大蒜), garden pea(豌豆), broad bean蚕豆, watermelon, musk melon, cucumber, spinach菠菜, lettuce莴苣, coriander香菜, celery芹菜, carrot胡萝卜, lentil小扁豆, onion, rose apple蒲桃, castor蓖麻oil plant, pepper, Persian date, fig无花果, fennel茴香, apricot杏树, etc.17, What are the four main cooking styles in the world?They are the Chinese, French, Turkish and Russian styles.18 What played an important role in the development of the ancient Chinese cuisine?Famine19 What are the indispensable ingredients in Sichuan cuisine?Chili peppers（辣椒）, huajiao (mild Chinese pepper) （花椒）, black peppers （黑胡椒）and fresh ginger （鲜姜）20 What are the main ingredients commonly in Cantonese(Yue) Cuisine?From fish, shrimps and poultry to snakes, wild cats and giant salamanders（蜥蜴、虫）21 What are the special dishes in Huaiyang cuisine?“West Lake Fish” and “Beggar’s Chicken,”22 What are the six categories of Chinese tea?Green tea, black tea, oolong tea, scented tea, white tea, and compressed tea, 23. What is the typical course in Beijing cuisine?（It’s Peking Roast Duck.）24. What are the four major distinctly different cooking styles in China?( They are Sichuan, Cantonese, Shandong and Huaiyang. )25. What are the eight major different cuisine in China?(鲁、川、粤、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽等菜系)26. What are the two main types of drinks in China?( Chinese alcohol and tea. )27, Who are the legendaryThree Sovereigns and Five Emperors（三皇为伏羲、女娲、神农；五帝为黄帝、颛顼、帝喾、尧、舜）28. What are the four famous folk legends in ancient China?(四大民间传说：牛、孟、白、梁)29. Please name three Chinese myths.(Pan Gu Separating the sky, Nv Wa Mending the Sky, Chang’e Flying to the Moon, the God of Heaven and Yi)30, Which music did athlete Chen Lu use in her figure skating and became champion in eighteenth winter olympic games ?It is Liang Zhu.31. What are the three main world architectures?Chinese Architecture, Western Architecture, Islam Architecture32. What are the four categories of Chinese architecture?Imperial architecture, religious architecture, architecture of folk house, minority architecture.33. What form the principal parts of Chinese Buddhist architecture.?( Temple, pagoda and grotto)34, Which building in the Forbidden City has a black roof?(Wenyuange)35, What is the original use of Huabiao.(华表)?( It is said that wooden columns were originally used as landmarks or road signs for travelers. )36. What does Buddhist architecture put a great emphasis on in building styles?Strict symmetry37. What is the dominant color in the Forbidden City?(yellow)38. When was the extant Beijing city built?(in the 14th year (1420) of the reign of Ming Dynasty)39 . When did a major renovation of The Great Wall start ?In 1368, Ming Dynasty40. What are the three major schools of Chinese Wushu?Shaolin, Wudang, Ermei,41. Can you cite some of the 18 standard weapons used in Wushu competitions?(刀、枪、剑、戟、斧、钺、钩、叉、鞭、锏、锤、抓、镗、棍、槊、棒、拐、流星。
《中国文化》英语教程复习题及答案
I. Chinese Cultural Terms :1.绿茶green tea2.红茶black tea3.乌龙茶oolong tea4.黑茶dark tea5.花茶scented tea6.茉莉花茶jasmine tea7.八大菜系eight major schools of cuisine /8 Regional Chinese Cuisines8.茶道tea ceremony9.茶具tea set10.紫砂壶boccaro teapot11.北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck12.清蒸鱼steamed fish13.狗不理包子Goubili steamed buns14.佛跳墙Buddha Jumping the Wall15.《论语》The Analects16.《诗经》The Book of Songs17.《道德经》Classic of the Way and Virtue18.道家Daoism19.汉字Chinese character20.象形文字pictograph21.甲骨文oracle-bone inscription/ oracle-bone script22.篆文seal character/ seal script23.文房四宝four treasures of study24.丝绸之路the Silk Road25.海上丝绸之路the Maritime silk road26.一带一路倡议The Belt and Road Initiative27.西域the Western regions28.敦煌石窟the Dunhuang Grottoes29.春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period30.方块象形文字the square-shaped pictographic character31.颜(真卿）体the Yan style32.民间艺术folk arts33.年画New Year pictures34.剪纸paper cutting /papercuts35.皮影戏shadow play36.苏绣Suhou Embroidery37.造纸术paper making38.印刷术printing39.佛经Buddhist scripture40.行书running script /semi-cursive script41.草书cursive script42.楷书regular script/standard script43.隶书official script/ clerical script44.砚the ink slab/ the ink stone; 墨ink stick45.六艺：礼乐射御书数“six arts” : ritual,music,archery, carriage driving , calligraphy , and mathematics46.毛笔the writing brush47.宣纸xuan paper/ rice paper48.中国书法Chinese calligraphy49.简体字：simplified characters50.繁体字complex characters/ traditional characters51.中国结Chinese knots52.佛教Buddhism53.国徽national emblem54.国旗national flag55.国歌national anthemII. Multiple choices （每题三个选项中选一个最佳答案）1)Which of the following is irrelevant to the pictographic symbols of Chinese characters? （下列哪项与汉字的象形符号无关？）___A●Aspiration. 吸●Imagination.想象●Creativity.创造力●Allusion.典故2) Which of the following statements is true of the name of Fudan University（关于复旦大学的名称，下列哪个陈述是正确的？）___D●The characters both stand for "the sun rising on the horizon".这些字符都代表着“太阳在地平线上升起”●The name is taken from a Chinese classical poem.这个名字取自中国古典诗歌●The name encourages the students to get up early in the morning.这个名字鼓励学生早上早起●The characters are intended to tell the students to make progress dayby day.这些字旨在让学生们一天天地进步3) Which of the following languages mostly consists of language pictures（下列语言中哪一种主要由语言图片组成？）? B___●Mandarin Chinese. 普通话●Hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt.古埃及的象形文字●Oracle-bone inscription. 甲骨文●Seal characters.篆书4) The symbol for “swimming”is closest to（“游泳”的符号最接近的是）___.C●oracle-bone inscription甲骨文●Mandarin Chinese普通话●seal characters 篆书●none of the above没有选项5)The symbol for “athletics”contains the ingredients of （“运动”的符号包含了）___.A●dancing and running跳舞、跑步●running and swinging 跑步和摆动●dancing and swinging 跳舞和摆动●triathlon and football铁人三项和足球6)All the following are the titles of Confucius except（以下孔子的头衔除了）___.B●an educator一个教育家● A biologist 一个生物学家● A scholar 有识之士● A philosopher一个哲学家7)The expression “filial piety” most probably means being （“孝”的意思很可能是指）___.D●Loyal to the state忠于国家●Obedient to sister(s) 听姐姐的话●Responsible for the family 对家庭负责●Dutiful to parents孝顺父母8)Which of following can best describe Confucius’ view on the relationship between man and nature （下面哪一个最能说明孔子对人与自然关系的看法？）___.D●Brothers兄弟●Husband and wife 夫妇●Doctor and patient 医生和病人●Mother and son母子9)Through burial and ancestral worship rituals,people can learn that （通过丧葬和祭祖仪式，人们可以了解到。
中国文化通论期末考试英语作文
中国文化通论期末考试英语作文With the rapidly developing of the society, culture have changed greatly. In the city, no one can escape from the fast pace. And as a result, the traditional culture are believed becoming lost. However, why the traditional culture are becoming lost? First, we eat the popularized fast food and enjoy the popularized "fast food"culture. Since we get used to such fast things that many traditional things have been ignored. Second, we have brought up many other cultures, those culture are more popular than our owe culture for the young people, they interest in the other cultures because those cultures are new things and the youngs are curious about new things. And young people stand for the future culture So many people believe that the traditional culture will gradually be lost.To some traditional cultures that are on decline, we havetaken active measures to conserve them. Experts have come up with proper advice on protecting such cultures. Many volunteers have dedicated themselves to studying them. First and foremost, more and more people have discerned the importance of the traditional culture. Therefore, we are sure that our efforts will lead to a brilliant future.If a culture wants to gain an eternal life, it should change itself to cater to the people in its age. So does our traditional culture. Traditional cultures adhering to modern means appear rigorous. For example, we make CDs for classic music so that it can not only meet modern needs but also spread further and more successfully in the modern world. The appearance of traditional culture changes, but the essence will never change and will be well accepted.。
大二英语 中国文化概况 中国文化概况期末
Chapter 1 A General Introduction to Chinese CultureWords and Expressions:the descendants of Yan and Huang 炎黄子孙porcelain 瓷器The appellation of ChinaChinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into（合并，融合）one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually call themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”.People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the "Middle Kingdom"(中国), thus giving China its country name.China is the appellation of our country given by foreigners. The porcelain china is the transliteration of the place name Changnan(昌南), which was the old name for Jingdezhen（景德镇）. The porcelain made in Changnan was smooth and bright, and earned another name of artificial jade. It became famous both home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large quantities.In Europe, people regarded Changnan porcelain as something precious and delicate and would take pride in possessing one. As time passed, people in Europe forgot the meaning of Changnan and switched the original meaning of porcelain of the word “china” to the place of its origin.Chapter 2 Chinese Philosophy and ReligionPart 1 Chinese Thoughts and PhilosophyWords and Expressions:Confucianism 儒家Taoism 道家The Analects 《论语》benevolence 仁慈，善行ritual礼制，仪式，惯例filial piety 孝，孝心The Development of Ancient Chinese PhilosophyThe philosophy in Pre-Qin times (先秦子学)The orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty (两汉经学)Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin dynasties (魏晋玄学)The buddhist philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties (隋唐佛学)Neo-confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties (宋明理学)Application philosophy in the Ming and Qing dynasties (明清实学)The philosophy in Pre-Qin times (先秦子学)The philosophy in Pre-Qin times was marked by the emergence of various ancient philosophical views.The most influential schools were Confucianism (儒家), Taoism (道家), Mohism (墨家) and Legalism (法家)Confucianism is a school of thought represented by Confucius and Mencius. Confucianism has influenced the Chinese for thousands of years and is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. It is an integration of intellectual, political, and religious tradition with the focus on the individual morality and ethics in daily life and the proper exercise of political power.Who is Confucius?Family name: Kong; Given name: Qiu; courtesy name: ZhongniHe is a great thinker, an educator, a statesman, a philosopher, the founder of the Confucian school and Confucianism.The landmark of Confucianism is the Analects, which was written by his disciples after his death. The core of Confucius’s philosophy are the concepts ofRen (benevolence)Ren(仁): Confucius defines it as “Airen”(爱人），that is , to love others.The Chinese character “仁”（benevolence) consists of “a person （人）” on the left and“two(二)” on the right indicating the relationship between people.Li (ritual)Li （ritual-礼）refers to the rules of human conduct and moral norms such as politeness, courtesy, propriety, proper etiquette and good manners ranging from speech and behavior to the performance of rituals which are usually codified and treated as an all-embracing system of socialnorms.Xiao (filial piety)Xiao(孝）refers to the filial piety, which was regarded as one of the greatest of virtues in Chinese tradition, denoting the respect and obedience that the children should show to their parents. Zhong (loyalty)Zhong(loyalty-忠）is a great virtue, which emphasizes the obligations and duties to the superior, to friends, family, and spouse.2. TaoismFounded by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, the school advocates the doctrine that the Dao is the course, the principle, the substance, and the standard of all things, to which all of them must conform. Based on the work of Dao De Jing, Taoism promotes the belief that a person should live a simple life, not to strive for wealth, fame or power, which will only give one worries and trouble. The school favours the political principle of “achieving good government through non-action”(无为而治)3. MohismBase on the teaching of Mozi, the school cherishes universal love which states that if all the people in the world loved one another, there will be no hatred, calamities, and hostilities.In politics and ethics, Mohism proposes honoring virtuous people, opposing fatalism (宿命论) and aggressive wars, and upholding thriftiness(节俭).4. LegalismLegalism, begun by Hanfeizi, espouses (主张) laying down laws to unify the thought of people, promoting agriculture to achieve affluence (富裕), waging (进行) wars to gain strength and power, and establishing a system of bureaucracy (官僚制度).The orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty (两汉经学)In the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wudi instituted the campaign of “banning all schools of thought except Confucianism(罢黜百家，独尊儒术)”. He chose officials from th ose who were steeped in Confucianism only. Consequently, Confucianism became an orthodox school that served as the ideological foundation of the feudal rule throughout the dynasties in China.Traditional Chinese ethicsTraditional Chinese ethics includes both good and bad elements. Some reflect the high standard ofmoral pursuit of the Chinese people, while others seem less relevant in modern society. For example, the three obediences and four virtues (三从四德) and the three basic rules and five constant virtues (三纲五常) have long been abandoned by the Chinese people.The traditional ideal of a woman is that she is a dependant being whose behavior is governed by “three obediences” (to father before marriage, to husband after marriage, and to son after becoming a widow: 未嫁从父, 既嫁从夫, 夫死从子) and four “virtues” (morality, pro per speech, modest manner, and diligence: 品德、言语、仪态、女工).These were the social norms prescribed by feudal morality.The three basic rules: a king should rule over his subjects; a father, his son; a husband, his wife (君为臣纲、父为子纲、夫为妻纲).The five constant virtues: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and fidelity (仁、义、礼、智、信).Part 2 Religions and BeliefsWords and Expressions:Heaven worship 祭天Ancestor worship 祭祖Confucianism 儒教The Confucian Temple 孔庙Taoism 道教The Five Elements 五行Buddhism 佛教Buddha 佛像，佛祖，佛陀nirvana涅盘The heaven worship was the bureaucratic(官僚的) belief system adopted by most dynasties of China until the overthrow(推翻) of the Qing Dynasty.Heaven was believed to manifest itself through the powers of the weather and natural disasters. Heaven was seen as a judge of humans.The emperors are Sons of Heaven(天子), and their power are authorized by heaven. Such beliefs actually consolidated(巩固) the authority of the Emperor.Ancestor worshipChinese worship of ancestors dates back to the prehistory. Chinese culture, Confucianism, and Chinese Buddhism all value filial piety as a top virtue, and the act is a continued display of piety and respect towards departed ancestors.儒教Confucianism is not a real religion, it is just an ethical(伦理道德的) and philosophical system, which developed from?Confucius’ thoughts and later was treated as a kind of belief to educate common people(教化大众).The Taoist ReligionA General Introduction of TaoismTaoism is the indigenous (土生土长的) religion in China.The Taoist religion evolved out of witchcraft (巫术), necromancy（方术) and self-cultivation techniques. Its highest belief is called “Dao”, its bible is called “Dao De Jing”. It had great impact on the thinking of the Chinese people, as well as on the political, economic and cultural life of the country.BeliefsYin-yang TheoryYin-yang are opposing, Yin-yang are mutually rooted, Yin-yang mutually transform, Yin-yang mutually wax and waneThe Five Elements/Wuxing“五行”The relationship between the five elements:The Generating CycleWood feeds Fire; Fire creates Earth; Earth bears Metal; Metal carries Water; Water nourishes Wood.The Overcoming CycleWood parts Earth; Earth absorbs Water; Water quenches Fire; Fire melts Metal; Metal chops Wood.BuddhismBuddhism is the most important religion in China. It is generally believed that it was spread to China in 67 AD during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220) from Hotan（和田）in Xinjiang to Central China. During its development in China, it has a profound （深远的）influence on traditionalChinese culture and thoughts, and has become one of the most important religions in China at that time.Its Deity is Sakyamuni(释迦牟尼);Its doctrine is based on transmigration(轮回).What is the fundamental cause of all suffering?Desire!What did the Buddha teach?The doctrine of Four Noble Truths (四谛)⏹life is suffering,⏹the cause of suffering is desire,⏹the answer is to quench (抑制) desire,⏹the way to this end is to follow the Eight-Fold Path (八正道).What do Buddhists believe?Nirvana is a peaceful, detached state of mind.Achieving Nirvana means escape from the cycle of rebirth.Buddhism in China has developed into three sections, namely the Han, Tibetan and Southern Buddhism.Chapter 3 Chinese Characters, Calligraphy and PaintingWords and Expressions:Chinese Characters 汉字calligraphy书法calligrapher书法家Oracle bone script甲骨文The regular Script 楷书文房四宝brush 毛笔ink stick 墨ink stone 砚台records by tying knots (结绳说）Eight Diagrams (八卦说)Jie created the characters(仓颉造字说)The evolution of Chinese characters font(汉字的字体演变)Oracle bone scriptIt refers to incised(雕刻的) ancient Chinese characters found on oracle bones, which are animal bones or turtle shells used in divination(预言) in ancient China.Bronze ware script金文It refers to characters found engraved on bronze vessels, utensils, weapons etc.The Seal Characters (篆书)Soft lines of strokes and upright rectangular shape keep the seal form characters more close to pictography (象形文字). Each of the characters has a balanced and symmetrical (对称的) pattern. The Official Script(隶书)It was the turning point in the evolution of Chinese scripts and is the foundation of the later script forms. It turned the remaining curved and round strokes of the seal form into linear (直线的) and flat square (扁方形) shapes.The regular Script (楷书)It is still today’s standard writing. It is square in form, and non-cursive in strokes.The running Script (行书)The running form is somewhere between the regular and the cursive forms allowing simpler and faster writing.The Cursive/Grass Character(草书)This style of calligraphy is smooth and lively with strokes flowing and characters linking characters are often joined, with the last stroke of one merging into the initial stroke of the next. It is executed freely and rapidly so that parts of the characters appear exaggerated (夸张的). CalligraphyPlaying musical instruments, playing chess, calligraphy and painting were considered as the four essential skills for a learned scholar.The Chinese saying “The handwriting reveals the person” (字如其人), is directly related to calligraphy.文房四宝brush毛笔ink stick墨paper 纸ink stone砚Famous Chinese Calligraphers in History—the sage of Chinese calligraphyZhang Xu (张旭）——the “sage of the cursive hand””草圣”Yan Zhenqing——the four greatest masters of Regular script.Liu Gongquan——a master of Regular Script and Running-cursive(行草)PaintingPaintingChinese Traditional Painting refers to ink - wash painting (水墨画) .Traditional Chinese paintings are not “purely” paintings. T hey combine fine art, poetry, calligraphy, and seal engraving to achieve an artistic unison (一致). Human figures, landscapes, flowers, birds, and pavilions are the most important themes of traditional Chinese painting.The classification of Chinese paintingAccording to subject matterFigure paintingLandscape paintingBird-and-flower paintingAccording to the techniqueThe xie yi schoolThe gong bi schoolChapter 4 LiteratureWords and ExpressionsCelestial Poet (诗仙)Saint Poet (诗圣)Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《三国演义》Water Margin《水浒传》Journey to the West《西游记》Dream of the Red Mansions《红楼梦》The Tang PoemThe Tang Dynasty saw the continued development of Chinese poetry. The Complete Anthology of Tang Poems (《全唐诗》), edited in the early Qing Dynasty, is the biggest-ever collection of Chinese poetry. It contains 48,977 poems by 2,208 poets who wrote in different styles.The development of poetry in the Tang Dynasty can be classified into four stages, namely EarlyTang, High Tang, Mid Tang, and Late Tang (初唐，盛唐，中唐，晚唐）Early TangThe Four Literary Eminences(初唐四杰)Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Luo Binwang, and Lu ZhaolinHigh TangA whole generation of literary giants appeared during the High Tang period when society enjoyed prosperity and stability. Li Bai and Du Fu are regarded as the twin master poets of the Tang Dynasty.Li Bai,the “Celestial Poet (诗仙)”, has long been regarded the greatest romantic poet in Chinese literature. In his poems, imagination, exaggeration, diction and sonorous rhythms are blended effortlessly.Du Fu, the “Saint Poet (诗圣)”, has been considered as the greatest realistic poet in Chinese literature. A mirror of the times, his poems faithfully and profoundly reflect the social realities of Tang Dynasty in decline, like a poetic historical account. Because he reached perfection in developing a depressing literary style, his works have been considered as the classics of realism. The other poets in this period can be grouped into two categories: frontier poets (边塞诗人）represented by Gao Shi and Cen Shen, and pastoral poets (田园诗人）represented by Meng Haoran and Wang Wei.Mid-TangThe outstanding poet Bai Juyi succeeded Du Fu with poems reflecting the reality of society.Late TangWith the deterioration of the government in the late Tang Dynasty, the poems reflected, more and more, the hopeless and helpless feelings of the people. Poets turned to the theme of nostalgia (怀旧) for the former splendor (辉煌)of old times. The most talented of these were Li Shangyin and Du Mu, who were often called “Young Li Bai and Du Fu”.Fiction in the Ming and Qing DynastyIn the Song Dynasty, huaben (话本), the earliest novels written in colloquial language started to appear. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, novels grew rapidly as a lively and free literary form. The language of the novels was simple, easy to understand, and welcomed by the public.Four famous Chinese classical novelsRomance of the Three Kingdoms 《三国演义》Water Margin《水浒传》Journey to the West《西游记》Dream of the Red Mansions《红楼梦》On 11 October 2012, the announced that Mo Yan had received the Nobel Prize in Literature for his work . Aged 57 at the time of the announcement, he was the 109th recipient of the award and the first ever resident of mainland China to receive it .Mo Yan has written 11 novels, and several novellas and short story collections.《红高粱家族》, 《天堂蒜薹之歌》The Garlic Ballads, 《十三步》Thirteen Step,《食草家族》The Herbivorous Family, 《丰乳肥臀》Big Breasts and Wide Hips, 《酒国》The Republic of Wine: A Novel,《红树林》Red Forest, 《檀香刑》Sandalwood Death, 《生死疲劳》Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out, 《四十一炮》Pow!, 《蛙》FrogChapter 5 EducationWords and ExpressionsPrivate Schools私塾Official Schools官学the Four Books and the Five Classics四书五经Imperial Examination 科举Nine-year Compulsory Education 九年制义务教育V ocational Education 职业教育College Entrance Examination 高考Bachelor’s degree学士学位Master’s degree 硕士学位Doctor’s degree 博士学位Confucius Institute孔子学院Private SchoolsA private school refers to a school set up by a family, clan, or teacher that generally had just one teacher who gave individual tuition, and that had no set textbooks and no specified time span of study.In the Spring and Autumn Period, private schools prevailed and many scholars of different schools of thought spread their teaching in this way. Among them, the private school run by Confuciuswas the largest and most influential.Confucius’ private school:3000ciples(弟子); 72 virtuous and talented studentsConfucius’ educational ideas:“Education should be for all, irrespective of their social status.”（有教无类）“Six arts”: ritual, music, archery, chariot-riding, writing, and arithmetic.（六艺：礼、乐、射、御、书、数）Official SchoolsOfficial schools began during the Western Zhou Dynasty, and were sponsored by the official constitution called Xiangxue .Only children of nobles were admitted.The teaching materials were centered on the Four Books and the Five Classics(四书五经). Imperial Examination System (科举)Imperial Examination System in China began in the Sui Dynasty and lasted more than 1,300 years until the last examination was held during the Qing Dynasty.It was conducted at two levels: xiangshi(乡试) and huishi(会试)During the Ming and Qing Dynasty, the examination was designed to select jinshi(进士). It featured writing ,which involved the writing of an Eight-part Essay(八股文).After the Opium War in 1840 with the spread of the Western ideology and technology in China , it was under attack by people. It was abolished in 1905.Nine-year Compulsory EducationThe law of compulsory education came into effect on July 1, 1986, requiring each child to have nine years of formal education.China’s Nine-year Compulsory Education is composed of two parts: six-years in primary school and three-years in junior high school.In 1989, China launched two ambitious projects: Project Hope (希望工程) and the Spring Bud Project (春蕾计划) These two projects have helped children, especially girls, in poor areas to attend schools.The National College Entrance Examination is an academic examination held annually in China aimed to select high-school graduates for college admissions.Higher EducationMore than two thousand universities, colleges, and institutes in China offer four or five-year programs. Students who have earned Bachelor of Arts or Science degrees may apply for Master of Arts or Science programs and then three-year Doctor of Philosophy .) programs.Confucius InstituteConfucius Institute is not a general sense of the university, but the promotion and dissemination （传播）of Chinese culture and Chinese language education.Chapter 6 Dress and Adornment CultureWords and Expressionsattire/ costume/trappings 服装、服饰The Silk Road 丝绸之路The Maritime Silk Road海上丝绸之路embroidery/im‘br?id?ri /刺绣;刺绣品Li Brocade 黎锦The Intangible Cultural Heritage 非物质文化遗产China has many ethnic groups with a long history. For thousands of years, generations of clothing designers have devoted themselves to building the Kingdom of Clothes, making the garments that cover the human body into an important component of Chinese culture.Cheong-sam came from Qizhuang of manchu women’s costume. The cheongsam is easy and comfortable to wear, snugly fitting the female Chinese figure. Its neckline is high, collar closed, and its sleeves may be short, medium or full length, depending on the sea son or the wearer’s taste. The dress is buttoned on the right side, with a loose bodice, a fitted waist, and side-slits to the hem, all of which combine to set off the beauty of the female’s figure.Chinese tunic suit (Zhongshan suit /Mao suit)The modern Chinese tunic suit is a style of male attire known in China as the Zhongshan suit, and known in the West as the Mao suit (after Mao Zedong). Sun Zhongshan introduced the style shortly after the founding of the Republic of China as a form of national dress although with a distinctly political and later governmental implication.A tang costumes (literally: "Chinese suit" ) is a Chinese jacket that originated at the end of theQing Dynasty. The tangzhuang evolved from the magua (Chinese: 马褂), which the Han Chinese were forced to wear it during the Qing Dynasty. In modern times it has been adopted by common people. They are often worn by men, although women wear them as well.In Chinese communities, the Zhongshan suit, the western suit, and the Tang suit are the main forms of formal dress for men on many occasions.The Silk RoadThe Silk Road refers to the ancient trade route connecting Asia Continent and European Continent, usually it can be classified into Northern Silk Road on the land, and the Maritime Silk Road. Embroidery (刺绣)Embroidery is a traditional Chinese handicraft featuring flowers, birds and scenery on silk or other cloth in colored silk threads. Chinese embroidery dates back over 3,000 years. It has distinct regional and ethnic characteristics.Embroidery in China includes:Shu Embroidery (蜀绣) from Sichuan,Su Embroidery (苏绣) from SuzhouSu embroidery enjoys a good reputation of the first of the Top-four embroidery in China.Xiang Embroidery (湘绣) from HunanYue Embroidery (粤绣) from Guangdong.Acclaimed as a "living fossil" of Chinese textiles, the Li-style brocade was chosen in the first batch of items for the Intangible Cultural Heritage list released by UNESCO in 2009. The Li brocade has been part of China's national cultural heritage, but as few people nowadays have the skills necessary to weave the special brocades, the practice is in danger of becoming extinct.Chapter 7 Part 1Food CultureWords and Expressionsfoodie 吃货culinary厨房的，烹饪的;烹调用的cuisine烹饪，烹调法;菜肴main food主食,主粮（staple food ）aroma芳香，香味seasonings调味品、调料A general introduction of Chinese foodChinese cuisine(菜肴)is widely seen as representing one of the richest and most diverseculinary(烹饪的) cuisines and heritages in the world.A meal in Chinese culture is typically seen as consisting of two or more general components: Zhushi (main food)---typically rice, noodles, or mantou (steamed bun), and accompanying dishes of vegetables, meat, fish, or other items, known as cai (dish) in the Chinese language. This cultural conceptualization is in some ways in contrast to cuisines of Northern Europe and the USA, where meat or animal protein(蛋白质) is often considered the main food(主食).Chinese cuisine is a complete presence of color, aroma(芳香，香味) and taste. (色香味俱全)In China, we have eight branches of cuisine.Shandong Cuisine山东菜系(鲁菜)Guangdong Cuisine广东菜系(粤菜)Sichuan Cuisine四川菜系(川菜)Hunan Cuisine湖南菜系(湘菜)Jiangsu Cuisine淮扬菜系(苏菜)Zhejiang Cuisine浙江菜系(浙菜)Fujian Cuisine福建菜系(闽菜)Anhui Cuisine安徽菜系(徽菜)Hainan CuisineHainan is noted for its "Four Best Known Dishes" -- Wenchang Chicken, Jiaji Duck, Dongshan Mutton东山羊and Hele Crab和乐蟹.Chapter 7 Part 2 Tea and Wine CultureA Brief Introduction to Tea CultureTea (茶) commonly denotes the drink made from steeping(浸泡）the processed leaves, buds（芽）, or twigs of the tea bush (茶树) in water.On both casual and formal Chinese occasions, tea is consumed regularly. In addition to being a drink, Chinese tea is used in Traditional Chinese medicine and in Chinese cuisine.It is universally acknowledged that China is the original tea-growing area, as well as the first country to grow, produce and drink tea.At the end of the sixteenth century, the Dutch(荷兰人) brought word to Europe that there was a kind of magic leaf in the east, from which tasty drinks could be made, and this was the first time that Europeans heard of tea.In 1610, the East India Company(东印度公司) was the first to sell tea to Europe, after which the habit of drinking tea took root there. Britain is famous for its tea drinking.The Classifications of Chinese TeaGreen tea绿茶Black tea红茶Oolong tea乌龙茶Yellow tea黄茶White tea 白茶Scented tea花茶Compressed tea砖茶Unique customs of taking tea in different regions:GuangdongFujian Kongfu teaSichuan “Covered-bowl tea”Tibetan Buttered tea(酥油茶)Inner Mongolia Milk teaHainan Laoba TeaHainan Laoba Tea“Laoba tea”(Laoba means father) is a spec ial scene in Haikou, a pot of tea with some snacks, people sit around an old table,for killing time and strengthening the relationship with theirs friends, it hasn’t the limitation of time or place. Most of places of traditional Laoba tea are barely furnished, the prices of food and tea there are cheap. The teahouse of Laoba tea is a little world of society, a mirror of the traditional life in Hainan.The Functions of Offering TeaTo show respectTo apologizeTo express thanks to the elders on one’s wedding dayTea EtiquetteServing a cup of tea is more than mere politeness.When offered tea, it is considered polite to at least take a sip.When you pour tea, the rule of “full cup for wine and half cup for tea”should be observed.Chinese Wine CultureThe Origin of Chinese WineChinese wine, as a special form of culture, has a history of more than five thousand years . Chinese wine making can be traced back as far as 4000 BC, to the early period of the Neolithic Yangshao Culture (新石器时代的仰韶文化). During its long development, Chinese wine has developed distinctive characteristics.Types of Chinese WineHuangjiu (yellow rice wine)Huangjiu is one of three dominated brewed wines (beer and grape wine) in the world. Huang Jiu predates all the other liquors, with a history of several thousand years. Among these liquors the Shaoxing Rice Wine is the most famous.Baijiu(white wine)Being made from sorghum, corn, barley or wheatFruit WineFermented alcoholic beverages made from a variety of base ingredients (other than grapes); May also have additional flavors taken from fruits, flowers, and herbs.Red WineA type of wine made from dark-coloured (black) grape varieties. The actual colour of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines.BeerToast etiquetteChinese Drinking Etiquette(礼仪)The Chinese people care more about the people we drink with.That is Chinese drinking etiquette reflects the respect of the drinkersThe host and guests have their own seat and order of toast(敬酒顺序)When toast,the host come first,and firstly,they should toast the most honored guest.The wine vessel must be full.The younger should toast the elder and drink all of the wine.(先干为敬)Western Drinking EtiquetteThe drinking etiquette of west show the respect of wine.To distinguish wine we need to watch its color, smell its fragrance, taste its taste(观其色、闻其香、品其味). They drink for enjoying, so sometimes they drink themselves. They do not encourage others to drink, neither do they consider letting other drunk is a way to show their etiquette.Chapter 4 Traditional Festivals and CustomsWords and ExpressionsLegal holiday/ official holiday 法定节假日Solar calendar阳历Lunar calendar 阴历/ Agricultural calendar 农历Spring Festival （春节）Lantern Festival (元宵节）Tomb-sweeping Festival/ Qing Ming Festival (清明节）Dragon Boat Festival（端午节）Mid-autumn Festival （中秋节）Double Ninth Festival （重阳节）Intangible Cultural Heritage非物质文化遗产Spring Festival （春节）China’s most important festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month each year. Family members gather just as they do for Christmas in the West.CustomsSpring CleaningWrite and paste couplets(对联) on doorsSet off fireworksReceive Gift MoneyGreet each otherLantern Festival (元宵节）The Lantern Festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the first lunar month, is closely related to the Spring Festival. It marks the end of the New Year celebrations, following which life returns to normal. The most prominent activity of the Lantern Festival is the grand display of beautiful lanterns.。
中国文化概览期末题(英文)
文化概略期末考试答疑一、选择题。
Multiple Choice（20%）1. Which was the dynasty that first introduced the imperial examination system for recruiting civil service officials in ancient China?Answer: The Sui Dynasty.2. Of the four religions prevailing in China: Buddhism, Taoism, Islam and Christian ity, which one is the native born?Answer: Taoism3. Chinese people usually worship a number of deities that, they wish, will bring t hem blessings in their daily life. They enshrine and worship various gods in their home to meet their various need, They take such a deity just as an image of power r ather than a genuine religion. For example, they put up an image of the god of home guard on the door wishing to keep the security of the family. When they wish to ge t rich, they usually put up the god of ______in their home?Answer: Cai Shen or the god of wealth.4. What is the name of the god that people in the coastal region of Southeastern Ch ina worship and wish him to keep them safe at sea?A. MazuB. GuanyinC. BuddhaAnswer: A5. Buddhism was first introduced to China in the first century A.D. or so, when Emp eror Mingdi of the Eastern Han Dynasty was in rule. The first Buddhist temple in Ch inese history, built at Luoyang city, Henan Province, is called_______.Answer: Bai Ma Si (The Temple of White Horse)6. The great contemporary painter Qi Baishi was gifted with a fine arts power, being skillful in painting the images of fish, birds, flowers and insects. "The wonder of his works lies in somewhere between resemblance and dissemblance," vividly and l ively. His __________ is widely known in China.A. A cluster of shrimpsB. DonkeyC. Galloping HorsesAnswer: A7. True or False? Is Jasmine (茉莉花) a folk song of Jiangsu Province?Answer: True.8. Which minority ethnic group's dwelling community is called the hometown of peaco cks?A. Tujia nationalityB. Dai nationalityC. Hui nationalityD. Shui nationalityAnswer: B.9. What is the name of the mountain where the largest Chinese Taoist architectural complex is located?Answer: Wudang Mountain.29. According to wedding customs in ancient China, a bride was carried to a bridegroom's home by__________?A. Bridal sedan-chairB. a horseC. a carAnswer: Bridal sedan-chair.10. Of all the traditional Chinese festivals, which one is set to mark the famous p oet Quyuan?A. Dragon-boat FestivalB. Qingming FestivalC. Festival of the 8th of the lunar December.Answer: A. Dragon-boat Festival.11. Choose: "布衣" refers to:A. Ordinary peopleB. OfficialsC. SoldiersAnswer: An ordinary people12. The logo adopted for Olympic games in 2008 is a "Chinese seal". When were seals commonly used in China?A. Zhou DynastyB. Han DynastyC. Tang DynastyAnswer: A13. The Qin Dynasty first introduced the official system of using seals or stamps: The personal seal of the emperor was called imperial seal, the counselor-in-chief u sed gold seal, and various officials of the court used gold, silver or bronze seals according to their different ranks. Later, following dynasties in Chinese history generally inherited the same system. What kind of material was the imperial seal ma de of?A.GoldB. Jade.C. BronzeD. SilverAnswer: B14. Which of the following products were traditional exported ones in ancient China?A. GlassB.SilkC.PorcelainD.SugarAnswer: B, C.15. Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty wrote a world famous scientific work, whi ch gave a detailed description of the movable-type printing, in addition to the int roduction to the assembling of a compass. What work is it?Answer: Sketchbook of Dream Brook (梦溪笔谈)16.Exchanges between China and other countries and regions in ancient times had las ted for a long time, and during this long process of exchange China had learned var ious technologies from other countries. Which of the following technologies was int roduced to China from other countries?A. Glassmaking technologyB. Raising silkwormC. Wine brewing D Papermaking.Answer:A.17. Which of the following fruits does not originate from China?A. Peach.B.apricotC. water melonD.appleAnswer: C, D.18. Which of the following vegetables are introduced from other countries?A.PotatoB.Chinese cabbageC.sweet potatoD. tomatoAnswer: A. C. D.19. "Nostalgia seems to be a shallow channel; I am on this side, and the mainland o n the other." Who is the famous poet of Taiwan?Answer: Yu Guangzhong.20. What is the name of the archetypal Neolithic cultural site discovered in the su burbs of Xi'an in Shaanxi Province?Answer: The Banpo Cultural site.21. In China's mythology, who was the hero to separate heaven from earth?Answer: Pan Gu.22. In China's mythology, who created human beings?Answer: Nvwa.23. In China's historical legends, who was the first of the "Five Emperors"?Answer: Huangdi ( and the others were Zhuanxu, Diku, Yao, Shun).24. In China's historical legends, who was the first to teach people to fish and ra ise livestock?Answer: Fu Xi.25. In China's historical legends, who was the first to teach people farming and to taste and experiment with various types of herbal medicines?Answer: Yandi.26. Which two antiquate cities of China have been listed as "World Cultural Heritage Sites"?Answer: Lijiang in Yunnan, and Pingyao in Shanxi. (Picture: Lijiang and Pingyao)27. The main architectural structure in ancient China was ________________.A. A wooden frameworkB. A stone frameworkAnswer: A.28. One of the characteristics of China's antiquate architecture is _________.A. The distinguished difference of ranks in societyB. No differenceAnswer: A29. The Grand Canal was first opened during the ______ Dynasty.Answer: Sui.30. Which province has the largest number of minority ethnic group in China?A. GuangzhouB. ShaanxiC. SichuanD.YunnanAnswer: D.31. The smallest ethnic group in China has only a population of about 2300. What is this minority ethnic group called ?A. ShuiB. DerungC. LhobaD. PrimiAnswer: C.32. The first Chinese edition of The Bible was published in Malacca in 1823. The tr anslator of this edition was a famous British missionary. What is his name?Answer: Robert Morrison.33. The Indian Monk Bodhidharma came to China and in a temple he had kept still in meditation facing the wall for ten years, thus creating the Chinese Buddhist school "Chan or Zen Buddhism. What is the name of the temple?Answer: Henan's Shaolin Temple.二、判断题。
中国文化的英语作文出题
中国文化的英语作文出题Title: The Rich Heritage of Chinese Culture;China, with its vast history and diverse traditions, boasts a rich cultural heritage that has captivated people around the world for centuries. In this essay, I will explore the key aspects of Chinese culture and its enduring influence on global society.First and foremost, Chinese culture is deeply rooted in ancient traditions and values. Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism have played a significant role in shaping the moral and ethical beliefs of the Chinese people. Respect for elders, filial piety, and harmony with nature are some of the core principles that have guided Chinese society for generations.Furthermore, Chinese art and literature have made a lasting impact on the world. Traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy, and poetry are renowned for their delicate beauty and profound symbolism. The intricate designs of Chinese ceramics, the graceful movements of Chinese dance, and the melodious tunes of traditional Chinese music all reflect the artistic brilliance of the culture.Cuisine is another integral part of Chinese culture that has gained widespread popularity. From savory dishes like Peking duck and dim sum to flavorful teas and delicate pastries, Chinese cuisine is known for its diverse flavors and culinary techniques. The art of Chinese cooking has been passed down through generations, and today, Chinese restaurants can be found in cities around the globe.In addition, Chinese festivals and customs are celebrated with great fervor and enthusiasm. The Lunar New Year, also known as Spring Festival, is the most important holiday in China, marked by colorful parades, dragon dances, and fireworks. Other traditional festivals like Mid-Autumn Festival and Dragon Boat Festival are also cherished for their cultural significance and festive atmosphere.Moreover, the influence of Chinese culture extends beyond its borders, shaping the way people perceive and appreciate art, philosophy, and cuisine. The popularity of Chinese martial arts, acupuncture, and traditional medicine is a testament to the enduring legacy of Chinese culture on a global scale.In conclusion, Chinese culture is a treasure trove of wisdom, beauty, and tradition that continues to inspire and enchant people worldwide. Its rich heritage, vibrant customs, and timeless values are a testament to the enduring legacy of one of the world's oldest civilizations. Through its art, literature, cuisine, and festivals, Chinese culture continues to captivate and enrich the lives of millions, transcending boundaries and fostering cross-cultural understanding and appreciation.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
There are various of symbols of Xinyu. Now, I wil余的标志物有很多，现在让我来给你介绍一 些。
Planted on the hilly lands, sweet orange trees enjoy good hydrothermal conditions. The golden skin of sweet oranges can wake up your taste buds immediately. In addition, it’s rich in water and nutrients. Of course, the most important characteristic is it tastes like honey. In recent years, it has been exported to abroad and has got foreigners’ praise.
As a kind of traditional textile, the grass cloth is popular. The Fenyi county, a county of Xinyu, products lots of superior grass cloth. 作为一种传统的纺织品，夏布是很受欢迎的。新余市的分宜县生产 很多优质的夏布。 The main material of grass cloth is fibre, and it’s handcrafted,
种植在丘陵上的蜜桔树享有良好的水热条件。蜜桔金黄色 的橘皮可以立马唤起你的食欲。除此之外，他还富含水分和 养分。当然，最重要的特征是它尝起来像蜂蜜一样甜。 近年来，它已近被出口到国外并且得到外国人的夸赞。
sweet orange 蜜桔
The Fairy Lake is located in southwest of Xinyu. It’s a statelevel spot with 99 islands dotted in it. It has more than 3000 kinds of plants and animals. Much of the ancient historical monuments add it’s charm. There is a beautiful legend. In
—————中国文化英语课作业
14级国贸（2）班
曾俊
Hello everyone! My name is Zeng Jun. I’m from 2014 grade international trade No.2 class. Yesterday is my 20th birthday, it means my life have entered a new stage.
leaves in to boiled water. However, it can also be used for
cooking. The efficacy of the Sweet tea is excellent. It’s good for several diseases. 你想在饭后或空闲时间喝一些东西吗？那么甜茶可能是你最好 的选择。 在新余，甜茶生长在仙女湖附近的地区。和许多其他种类的茶 一样，人们用甜茶叶泡水喝。然而，它还可以用来煮饭。甜茶 的功效也是极好的，对多种疾病都很有功效。 Sweet tea 甜茶
grass cloth 夏布
夏布的主要材料是麻，并且它是纯手工制作的，因此，它是环保的。他 的吸水性和透气性让你在炎热的夏天感到凉爽和舒适。多样的种类、颜 色和尺码可以满足你的任何需要。
Do you want to drink something after meals or in your spare time？Then the Sweet tea may be your best choice. In Xinyu, the Sweet tea was planted in the area around the Fairy Lake. Like the use of other tea, people put it’s
therefore, it’s environmentally friendly. It’s water-absorbing quality
and air permeability can make you feel cool and comfortable in hot summer. Various styles, colors and sizes can completely meet your needs.
I’m not the native of Guangxi. I come from Xinyu,Jiangxi. It’s a fascinating city where all the citizens lead a peaceful life.
大家好，我叫曾俊。我来自2014级国贸（2）班。昨天是我的20岁生日， 它意味着我的生活跨入了一个新的阶段。 我不是广西本地人。我来自江西省新余市。那是一座迷人的城市，在那 里人们过着安详的生活。
ancient times, seven fairies came down to bath in the lake.
So it’s called “the Fairy Lake” now. 仙女湖坐落在新余市的西南方向。它是一个点缀着99个岛屿的 国家级风景区。它拥有3000多种动植物。许多的历史遗迹增添 了他的魅力。这里有一个美丽的传说，传说在远古时代，七仙女 下凡到这里并且在湖中洗澡，所以它现在叫仙女湖。 In holidays, visitors from whole the country are attracted and come here to enjoy it’s scenery. 在假期，游客被吸引并且来到这里享受美景。 the Fairy Lake 仙女湖