高中英语虚拟语气的用法.pdf

高中英语虚拟语气的用法

一、考查虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

时间从句谓语形式（be用were不可改变）主句谓语形式

将来一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形

现在一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形

过去现在完成时would/should/might/could+had done

（1）If he my advice, he wouldn' t have lost his job.

A. followed

B. should follow

C. had followed

D. would follow

（2）If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.

A. taken

B. had taken

C. took

D. have taken

（3） -John went to the hospital alone.

-If he me about it, I would have gone with him.

A. should tell

B. tells

C. told

D. had told

二、考查特殊句型中的虚拟语气

英语中需要使用虚拟语气的特殊句型不多，主理有以下类:

1.“倒装”类虚拟语气

当虚拟条件句中含有were, should, had时,有时可将引导虚拟条件句的连词if省略,而将从句中的were,should, had提到句首,构成倒装形式的虚拟语气。如:

If he were here, she would agree too.→Were she here, she would agree too.如果她在这里,她也同意的。.

If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. →Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.假若明天下雨,我们只好推迟这场比赛。

If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.→Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。

注意,如果条件从句的谓语为否定式,其中的否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should, had等缩略成Weren' t, Shouldn' t, Hadn'场置于句首。如:我如不是警告了你,你就可能丧命了。

正: If I hadn' t warned you, you could have been killed.

正: Had I not warned you, you could have been killed.

误: Hadn' t I warned you, you could have been killed.

另外,有时省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助动词,而是实义动词。

如: Had I time, I would go with you.假如我有时间,我就同你们一起去。句中的had不是构成过去完成时的助动词,而是表示“有”,如果不省略if ,完整形式为:If I had time, I would go with you.

(1) Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy____.

(2010浙江卷)

A.would have been saved

B. had been saved

C. will be saved

D. was saved

（2） fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately

cut off. (2006湖北）

A. Would you be

B. Should you be

C. Could you be

D. Might you be

2.“宁愿”类虚拟语气

这里说的“宁愿”主要是指would rather。当它后接句子的时候,句子的谓语通常要用虚

拟语气,其期法及结构形式为:若从句内容是涉及的是对现在或将来情况的希望,则从句谓语

用一般过去时;若从句内容是涉及的是对过去已发生情况表示遗憾或后悔,则从句谓语用过去完成时。如:

I' d rather you went home now.我希望你现在就回家。

Tomorrow' S difficult. I' d rather yon came next weekend.明天有困难,我希望你下周末来。

I' d rather I had gone to the theatre last night.我倒希望我昨晚我去了剧院看戏。

（1）.George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I' d rather

he more on its culture.

A. focus

B. focused

C. would focus

D. had focused

4.“建议”类虚拟语气（suggest表建议的时候）

但是,若suggest表示"暗示”"表明”“指出””提出(看法)”等,则从句谓语要用陈述语气。如: His smile suggested that he was satisfied.他的微笑表明他是满意的。

（1）.Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.

A. not allow

B. do not allow

C. mustn' t allow

D. couldn' t allow

（2）.The workers will go on strike if the demands they_____ put forward are

turned down.

A. could

B. would

C.不填

D. had

3. "坚持”类虚拟语气

这类虚拟语气主要指动词insist后接宾语从句时所用的虚拟语气。若从句内容是既成的

事实,不容置疑,则从句谓语用陈述语气,此时insist的意思是”坚持说”; 若从句内容虽然还不是事实,但非常希望它成为事实,从句谓语用虚拟语气,即采用"should+ 动词原形”的形式,且其中的should在美国英语中可以省略,此时insist的意思是"坚持要”。比较并体会: He insisted that I had read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。

He insisted that I should read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。

He insisted that he was not il, but the doctor insisted that he should take the medicine.他坚持说他没有病,但医生却坚持要他服药。

4. “愿望”类虚拟语气

这类虚拟语气主要指动词wish和固定搭配if only后所接从句使用的虚拟语气,但不包括动词hope在内。

此类虚拟语气的结构特点如下:

从句主句

现在情况一般过去时/过去进行式

过去情况过去完成时/ would (could)+have +过去分词

将来情况would (could, might) +动词原形

I wish I could swim.我要是会游泳就好了。

I wish I had been here yesterday.我真希望我昨天在这里。

I wish he could come tomorrow.我希望他明天能来。

I wish you would come if you had time.你如有时间的话,我希望你来。

If only I knew her name!我要是知道她的名字就好了!

If only you had let me know earlier.要是你早点让我知道就好了。

If only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

5.“似乎”类虚拟语气

这类虚拟语气主要指由表示“好像”和“似乎”的as if以及as though引出的虚拟语气