人教版高中英语必修五 Unit2 The United Kingdom-语法篇(学生版)

Unit2 The United Kingdom-语法篇
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1.学会过去分词作宾补的用法；
2.理解作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系
3.能够使用过去分词做宾补的情况作对相关题目，灵活使用。

过去分词作宾补
作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系
1.及物动词（短语）的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。

例如：I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。

2. 少数不及物动词如go，change，fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。

因此，宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。

例如：She found her necklace gone on her way home. 在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。

3. 动词seat，hide，dress，lose，devote 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义，因此，虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系，但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。

例如：When I came in，I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。

需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况:
1.使役动词get ，have ，make，keep，leave等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语，表：“致使某人或某事被…”
We should keep them informed of what is going on here.
Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist’s.
2 .感官动词feel，find，hear，notice，see，watch等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后，表：“感受到某人或某事被做”。

I was sleeping when I heard my name called.
He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down.
I saw him beaten by his mother.
3. 表示“意欲；命令”的动词如：like ，order，want，wish，相当于过去分词短语前省略了to be，表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”
I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possible
He didn’t want such question discussed at the meeting.
The father wants his daughter taught the piano.
1感feel 1闻smell 1发现find
2听hear，listen to，
3情感want，wish，like
4使役keep，leave，get，have，make
4看watch，notice，see，look at，observe，catch +sth./sb. done
4.有时过去分词作宾补可以变为被动语态，这时过去分词改作主语补足语，说明主语所处
的状态。

The door was found broken.
5.“with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with 的宾语补足语。

这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。

例如：
The murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。

（表方式）
With water heated，we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。

（表条件）
With the matter settled，we all went home.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。

（表原因）
注意：
在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。

She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.
她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他（fix one’s eyes on 为固定短语，因此，不可将句中fixed 换为fixing ）He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。

用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时，用现在分词的形式。

She felt her heart beating fast. 她觉得心跳很快。

（beat 意为“心跳”，是不及物动词）
掌握“使役动词have + 宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义
在“ have ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用get.这一结构具有以下几种含义：
1.意为“主语请别人做某事”。

例如：
He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。

（“检查”的动作由医生来进行）2. 意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。

例如：
Be careful，or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则会弄伤手的。

3. 意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。

例如：
He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。

（主语自己可能参与）
4. 过去分词与不定式，现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不定式强调动作发生的全过程，现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。

I saw her taken out of the classroom.
I saw her come into the classroom.
I saw her coming into the classroom.
省略to的情况：
1）情态动词( 除ought 外，ought to)；
2）使役动词let，have，make；
3）感官动词see，watch，look at，notice ，observe，hear，listen to，smell，feel，find 等后作宾补，省略to。

注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。

I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.
1. Li Hua hopes that his English teacher will suggest a good way to have his English ________in a short period of time.
A. improved
B. improving
C. to improve
D. improve
2. When the minister came to the snow­stricken area，he was happy to see the disaster victims
well________.
A. take care of
B. took care of
C. taken care of
D. taking care of
3. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ________with her stories.
A. amused
B. amusing
C. to amuse
D. to be amused
4. The girl glanced over her shoulder and found herself ________by a young man in black.
A. was followed
B. followed
C. following
D. had been followed
5. Television has so many advantages. It keeps us ________about the ________news，and it also provides entertainment in the home.
A. informed；latest
B. to know；later
C. learning；later
D. to think；latest
基础演练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The teacher will have Nancy ________(clean) the classroom today.
2. When I came here，I saw him ________(read) an English book.
3. The woman wanted her husband ________(examine) at once.
4. I want him ________________(finish) the homework in time.
5. Three famous parks in and around London had over 1，400 trees ________(blow) over.
6. What he had said made me ________(surprise).
7. The murderer was brought in，with his hands ______(tie) behind his back.
8. I was wondering why they kept the door ________(lock) for such a long time.
二、完成句子
1. 学生们发现他们的老师们很忙。

(形容词作宾语补足语)
The students ________________________________________.
2. 我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间。

(现在分词作宾语补足语)
I’m sorry to ________________________ so long.
3. 请别拘束。

(介词短语作宾语补足语)
Please ________ yourself ________________.
4. 当他回到教室的时候，他发现他的课桌被挪动了。

(过去分词作宾语补足语)
When he went back to the classroom，________________________________________.
5. 周围种了许多漂亮的花，他的房子看上去就像一个花园。

(过去分词作宾语补足语)
________________________________________ around the building，his house looks like a garden.
巩固提高
一、单项填空
1. The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ________for a meal to be cooked.
A. laid
B. laying
C. to lay
D. being laid
2. Alexander tried to get his work ________in the medical circles.
A. to recognize
B. recognizing
C. recognize
D. recognized
3. Helen had to shout above the sound of the music ________.
A. making herself hear
B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard
D. to make herself heard
4. Having passed all the tests，she felt a great weight ________ off her mind.
A. taking
B. taken
C. take
D. to be taken
5. We are pleased to see the problem ________so quickly.
A. settled
B. having been settled
C. be settled
D. settling
6. The girl glanced over her shoulder and found herself ________ by a young man in black.
A. was followed
B. followed
C. following
D. had been followed
7. Mother was upset that her son went out to play games，leaving his homework ________.
A. done
B. doing
C. undone
D. do
8. I don’t want the children ________ out in such weather.
A. take
B. to take
C. taken
D. taking
9. They kept their eyes ________ upon the screen as an exciting football match was televised live.
A. fixing
B. to be fixed
C. to fix
D. fixed
10. When his wife returned，the husband noticed her hair ________ short.
A. cutting
B. to be cut
C. being cut
D. cut
11. With all the money ________，the man can’t afford a ticket.
A. stealed
B. stolen
C. stealing
D. be stolen
12. Before he came to London，he had never heard a single English word ________.
A. speaking
B. speak
C. spoken
D. to speak
13. To their great fear，they found ________ in the heaviest snowfall they had ever had.
A. they were catching
B. themselves caught
C. they had caught
D. themselves catching
14. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ________went wrong again.
A. it
B. it repaired
C. repaired
D. to be repaired
15. I have had my bike________，and I’m going to have somebody ________my radio tomorrow.
A. repair；to repair
B. repairing；to be repaired
C. repaired；repair
D. to repair；repairing
一、单项填空
1. (2019. 南平毕业班质检)We are all convinced that time，________effectively，is money in the bank.
A. to use
B. used
C. using
D. use
2. Though he didn’t go to college，he won two gold medals ________ four silver medals.
A. than
B. plus
C. by
D. beyond
3. What ________ the doctors most was that they could not find the cause of the strange disease.
A. enjoyed
B. puzzled
C. charged
D. promised
4. I heard from my mother just now and I was anxious ________ the letter to read it.
A. folding
B. unfolding
C. to unfold
D. to fold
5. What he said ________ a great effect upon us.
A. have
B. does have
C. having
D. to have
6. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes ________.
A. open
B. to be opened
C. to open
D. opening
7. —I’m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have ___________.
—So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.
A. broken up
B. finished up
C. divided up
D. closed up
8. (2019·金华十校联考)________not to drive after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.
A. Being reminded
B. To remind
C. Having reminded
D. Reminded
9. John plays basketball ________，if not better than，David.
A. as well
B. as well as
C. so well
D. so well as
10. ________ by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A. Attracting
B. Attracted
C. To be attracted
D. Having attracted
11. He accepted the suggestion that the task ________ the next day.
A. be finished
B. could be finished
C. would be finished
D. will be finished
12. No one likes to see his feelings________，so Gabriel Oak turned away.
A. laugh at
B. to be laughed at
C. laughing at
D. laughed at
13. ________ the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
A. Giving
B. Having given
C. To give
D. Given
14. We all know that，________，the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt with
15. (2019.长沙市南雅中学模拟)________that he might lose his job，Peter always works extra hours to please his boss.
A. Worrying
B. Having worried
C. Having been worried
D. Worried
16. We have got well prepared for the 2019 Olympic Games. I’m sure that everyone from the world will have a(an)________travel in Beijing.
A. enjoyful
B. pleased
C. enjoyable
D. pleasing
17. (2019. 皖南八校第三次联考)It is necessary that we keep the young generation ________of the current affairs.
A. informed
B. being informed
C. informing
D. to inform
18. Be careful not to ________any letter when you spell the word.
A. leave off
B. leave out
C. pick out
D. take off
19. We will try our best to save them out if there seems ________any sign of life in the fallen buildings.
A. to have
B. to be
C. have come
D. coming
20. (2019·东北四市模拟一)The teacher was a bit surprised since she seldom saw articles ________in red ink.
A. write
B. writing
C. written
D. to be written
二、完成句子
1. 面对这样困难的形势，我们不知道该做什么。

__________________________________________，we don’t know what to do.
2. 山顶上有一棵古松。

______________ an old pin tree on the top of the hill.
3. 几分钟前他离开家前往车站。

________________________________________ a few minutes ago.
4. 简的父亲为她买了一辆新跑车，她为此感到自豪。

Jane’s father bought her a new race car and ________________________________________.
5. 我沿着大街走时，听到有人喊我的名字。

________________________________，I ________ my name ________.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一、阅读理解
A
New York City consists of five boroughs：Manhattan，Brooklyn，Queens，the Bronx and Staten Island. The population is about 7.5 million living in Manhattan.Manhattan，the center of the city，is on an island between the Hudson River and the East River.Most of the famous buildings such as the Empire State and the United Nations and other skyscrapers are in Manhattan. Some of its districts are Broadway，which has many theaters and cinemas；the Fifth Avenue，with stores and apartments；Greenwich Village，where many artists and writers have lived；and Central Park，with a small zoo and a skating rink.From Manhattan you have to cross to the other boroughs through a tunnel or over a bridge. The bridge from Brooklyn to Staten Island is the longest in the world.
New York is the second largest port in the world and it has two airports：Kennedy International for
international flights and La Guaridia for flights inside the USA. Its temperature goes from very cold in winter (sometimes twenty degrees centigrade below zero) to very hot in summer (sometimes 40 degrees centigrade). The people who live there come from all over the world and speak many different languages；there are 324 Germans and 390，000 Poles as well as people from Greece，Scotland，Ireland，Hungary，
Italy and Romania. People call one district “Little Italy” and another “Chinatown”.
1. What do we know about Manhattan?
A. Manhattan is in the east of the city of New York.
B. There are lots of high­rises in Manhattan.
C. Manhattan is not a place for artists to live in.
D. Manhattan is connected to the other parts of New York by way of highways.
2. If you want to see wonderful plays，you should go to________.
A. the Fifth Avenue
B. Central Park
C. Broadway
D. the Empire State Building
3. One district of New York City is called “Chinatown” because________.
A. it is part of China and is administered by the Chinese government
B. the main citizens there are mainly from Chinatown
C. it is a district that has a large number of Chinese people
D. it is a district that is famous for China making
4. If you go from Italy，you are supposed to get to New York through ________Airport.
A. Kennedy International
B. La Guaridia
C. either of the above two
D. neither of the above two
B
I am wearing a small red ribbon this morning to remind myself and others around me that today is World AIDS Day.
The red ribbon，an international symbol of AIDS awareness，is gaining increasing public recognition as more Chinese，from top leaders to movie stars，wear it today.
Gone were the days when the topic of HIV/AIDS was a public and media taboo(禁忌). Over the past few years，we have watched，read and heard many stories from doctors，volunteers and public health
officials at the forefront of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment.
Quite a few people with HIV/AIDS have come forward to share their experiences on TV or in the media.
The local and central governments have become more forthcoming (be helpful) with their new prevention and treatment programs，and financial input. The latter rose from less than 1 million Yuan (US$ 121，000) in 1986 to a pledge of 800 million Yuan (US$98.8 million) in the year of 2019.
The change from silence to public and media campaigns with official promises has been remarkable，especially since China battled through the SARS crisis.
But have we got a full understanding on HIV/AIDS? What do we know about the extent of HIV/AIDS in China?
The figures，ranging from confirmed cases to estimates，remain debated. After all，no more than a year has passed since the policy of free medical tests was making public. Unknown numbers from the
high­risk groups’ drug addicts and people working in sex­related place as well as farmers who once sold blood could still be reluctant to come forward.
1. What does the red ribbon stand for?
A. AIDS.
B. World AIDS Day.
C. AIDS awareness.
D. AIDS prevention and treatment.
2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The topic of HIV/AIDS was a public and media taboo in the past.
B. The topic of HIV/AIDS is now still a public and media taboo.
C. Now a lot of people with HIV/AIDS have come forward to share their experiences on TV.
D. The writer wears a small red ribbon because today is World AIDS Day.
3. In Paragraph 5 “The latter” refers to________.
A. financial input
B. new prevention programs
C. new treatment programs
D. the central governments
4. What is the best title of the passage?
A. The Red Ribbon
B. Always Keep Red Ribbon in Sight
C. About AIDS
D. Help People with AIDS
二、书面表达
请根据下面的情况，向前来参观的外国游客介绍故宫。

词数：100～120。

1. 故宫是世界闻名的历史遗迹，是北京最美丽的旅游景点之一；
2. 故宫位于北京的中心，在明清两代作为皇家居住地，有许多古代建筑，可以说是宫殿的海洋；
3. 故宫又名紫禁城，许多人用了14年的时间最后在1420年竣工；
4. 故宫于1925年成为一个博物馆，从那时起，就一直向公众开放。

参考词汇：故宫—the Palace Museum皇家居住地—the royal residence紫禁城—the Forbidden City ____________ ______________________________________________ _____________ _________ ___________________________________________________ __ ______ ________ ______________________________________________ ________ _____ _________ ___________________________________________________ __ ______ _________ ___________________________________________________ __ ______ _________ ___________________________________________________ __ ______ ________ ______________________________________________ ________ _____ _________ ___________________________________________________ __ ______ _________ ___________________________________________________ __ ______ ________ ______________________________________________ ________ _____ _________ ___________________________________________________ __ ______ _________ ___________________________________________________ __ ______。