unit4,硕士生英语综合教程2 课本原文 电子版
unit4_原文_翻译_硕士生英语综合教程2
Unit4(Para. 1) In the last few centuries, marriage has been connected to romantic love. This kind of package deal is not easy to maintain and indeed many people fail while trying to do so. Nevertheless, most people still pursue this deal. This is another type of paradox associated with marriage.1. 在过去的几个世纪里，婚姻总是和浪漫的爱情联系起来。
这一揽子交易可不容易维护，的确，很多人在试图将婚姻和浪漫的爱情结合起来时失败了。
不过，许多人仍然追求婚姻。
这是和婚姻相关的另一种自相矛盾的情况。
(Para. 2) Some of the main difficulties of this package deal are the following: (a) in modern society, marriage is no longer unique in fulfilling tasks such as raising children and enhancing one’s status and financial asituation, (b) long-term romantic relationships are problematic in that they lack significant changes, which are so meaningful to emotions in general and love in particular, and (c) the greater flexibility of romantic boundaries in modern society make it harder to maintain strict emotional connections and constraints, such as those recommended in marriage.2. 要实现这一揽子交易，有如下几点主要的困难：1. 在现代社会，婚姻已不是实现像抚养孩子，加强个人地位，及改善经济状况等任务的惟一形式。
研究生综合英语book2 unit4 Love and Marriage
教书决非易事。
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Nevertheless, it seems that the desire for marriage remains strong and constant. The new circumstances have significantly increased the autonomy of individuals and in particular that of women. 译文： 尽管如此，对婚姻的渴望似乎仍然很强烈以及 在持续。新的情况显著增加了个人自主权，特 别是妇女们的自主权。
她没有遵守协议的条款。
2. 忠于；信守(诺言、原则等) : eg:If you make a promise, abide by it. 你如果做出诺言，就要履行诺言。 3. 承担(后果等)；忍受(不愉快的事等)： eg:You’ll have to abide by the consequences. 你必须承担后果。
1.We want to remove all obstacles to travel between the two countries.
译文：我们想要消除在这两个国家之间旅行的所有障碍。 2.There are formidable obstacles on the road to peace. 译文：通往和平的道路上存在难以逾越的障碍。
Para. 6, Line 2
single households single mother
单亲家庭 单亲妈妈
by no means: definitely not
Example: 1.He is by no means a lazy employee . 他绝对不是一名懒散的雇员。 2.Teaching is by no means a breeze.
全新版大学英语综合教程2第二版Unit4电子
The first immigrants to America came almost from western Europe. During the first decades of the 17th century, settlers from England colonized Virginia and New England. Immigration to New England began in 1620 when English Puritans established Plymouth Colony in present-day Massachusetts. The values of these Puritan settlers strongly influenced the culture of the American colonies and later of the United States.
Before Reading
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
Immigrants Introduction
First Immigrants
Before Reading
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
Before Βιβλιοθήκη eadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
The American Dream
Immigrants The Great Depression
研究生英语综合教程UNIT4课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)
UNIT41. Think for a moment about your own life — the activities of your day, the possessions you enjoy, the surroundings in which you live. Is there anything you don’t have at this moment that you would like to have? Anything that you have, but that you would like more of? If your answer is “no,” then congratulations — either you are well advanced on the path of Zen self-denial, or else you are a close relative of Ted Turner . The rest of us, however, would benefit from an increase in our material standard of living. This simple truth is at the very core of economics. It can be restated this way: we all face the problem of scarcity.2 Almost everything in your daily life is scarce. You would benefit from a larger room or apartment, so you have a scarcity of space. You have only two pairs of shoes and could use a third for hiking; you have a scarcity of shoes. You would love to take a trip to Chicago, but it is difficult for you to find the time or the money to go — trips to Chicago are scarce.3 Because of scarcity, each of us is forced to make choices. We must allocate our scarce time to different activities: work, play, education, sleep, shopping, and more. We must allocate our scarce spending power among different goods and services: food, furniture, movies, long-distance phone calls, and many others.4 Economists study the choices we make as individuals and how those choices shape our economy. For example, the goods that each of us decides to buy ultimately determine which goods business firms will produce. This, in turn, explains which firms and industries will hire new workers and which will lay them off.5. Economists also study the more subtle and indirect effects of individual choice on our society. Will most Americans continue to live in houses, or — like Europeans will most of us end up in apartments? Will we have an educated and well-informed citizenry? Will museums and libraries be forced to close down? Will traffic congestion in our cities continue to worsen, or is there relief in sight? These questions hinge, in large part, on the separate decisions of millions of people. To answer them requires an understanding of how people make choices under conditions of scarcity.6. Think for a moment about the goals of our society. We want a high standard of living for all citizens: clean air, safe streets, and good schools. What is holding us back from accomplishing all of these goals in a way that would satisfy everyone? You probably already know the answer: scarcity. 1. 想一想你的生活：你每天从事的活动，你所拥有的财产，你所居住的环境。
综合教程第二版4-Unit 4
UNIT 4 A VIEW OF MOUNTAINSSection One Pre-reading Activities (2)I. Audiovisual supplement (2)II. Cultural Background (2)Section Two Global Reading (4)I. General analysis of the text (4)II. Structural analysis of the text (4)III. Rhetorical features of the text (4)Section Three Detailed Reading (6)I. Questions (7)II. Words and Expressions (8)III. Sentences (11)Section Four Consolidation Activities (13)I. Vocabulary (13)II. Grammar (15)III. Translation (17)IV. Exercises for Integrated Skills (19)V. Oral Activities (20)VI. Writing (20)Section Five Further Enhancement (23)I. Text II (23)II. Memorable quotes (27)Section One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Audiovisual supplementFrom On Native SoilWatch the movie clip and answer the following questions.Questions for discussion1.Why did Sally Regenhard say that 9/11 was “a shattering of faith”?Answer: She believed in the system, and now that the system was shattered by the terrorist activity, so she thought the event is faith-shattering.2.Why did Carol Ashley think that there must be an investigation?Answer: 3000 people were killed. And the surviving family members had very right to know the truth about the 9/11. So there needed to be an investigation.3.What do you know about the 9/11 attacks and what influences have the events exert? (Open)Script:Policeman: Move back! Move back!Policeman: Move it! Go back!Eunice Hanson: I knew we had enemies, naturally, but I always felt pretty safe here. I never, never, in a million years dreamed that anything like this could happen to us.Sally Regenhard: We believed in the system and you know, 9/11 was a shattering of faith.Carol Ashley: 3000 people were killed. It was a mass murder. And there needed to be an investigation.Max Cleland: The surviving family members, nobody can deny that they had the ultimate claim to the truth about 9/11.II. Cultural Background1. Atomic BombAtomic bomb or A-bomb is a weapon deriving its explosive force from the release of atomic energy through the fission (splitting) of heavy nuclei.The first atomic bomb was produced at a laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, and successfully tested on July 16, 1945. This was the culmination of a large U.S. army program that was part of the Manhattan Project. It began in 1940, two years after the German scientists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman discovered nuclear fission.On Aug. 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima with an estimated equivalent explosive force of 12,500 tons of TNT, followed three days later by a second, more powerful, bomb on Nagasaki. Both bombs caused widespread death, injury, and destruction, and there is still considerable debate about the need to have used them.2. Nuclear WeaponNuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction powered by atomic, rather than chemical, processes. Nuclear weapons produce large explosions and hazardous radioactive byproducts bymeans of either nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. After World War II, the proliferation of nuclear weapons became an increasing cause of concern throughout the world. At the end of the 20th century the vast majority of such weapons were held by the United States and the former Soviet Union; other countries that possess known nuclear capabilities are the Great Britain, France, China, Pakistan, and India. Israel also has nuclear weapons but has not confirmed that fact publicly; North Korea has conducted a nuclear test explosion but probably does not have a readily deliverable nuclear weapon; and South Africa formerly had a small arsenal. Over a dozen other countries can, or soon could, make nuclear weapons.3. The Bombing of Hiroshima and NagasakiOn August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb attack occurred over Hiroshima, Japan. Three days later, on August 9, Nagasaki, Japan was bombed. The bombing of Nagasaki was the last major act of World War II and within days, on August 15, 1945, the Japanese surrendered.In estimating the death toll from the attacks, there are several factors that make it difficult to arrive at reliable figures: inadequacies in the records given the confusion of the times, the many victims who died months or years after the bombing as a result of radiation exposure, and not least, the pressure to either exaggerate or minimize the numbers, depending upon political agenda. That said, it is estimated that by December 1945, as many as 140,000 had died in Hiroshima by the bomb and its associated effects. In Nagasaki, roughly 74,000 people died of the bomb and its aftereffects.In both cities, most of the casualties were civilians. The intentional killing of civilians by the Allies of World War II －who claimed that their cause was just—raised moral questions about the just course of the war.Section Two Global ReadingI. General analysis of the textThrough introducing Yamahata’s pictures, the author aims at bringing to people’s attention what kind of catastrophic consequences nuclear threat may lead to and that the unpredictability of nuclear attack might make any city in the world become the next target. Therefore, the only way to keep this world safe from nuclear peril is for people to take action to dispel nuclear weaponry from the earth.II. Structural analysis of the textThis argumentative essay describes nuclear destruction through a Japanese photographer’s pictures. The text comprises three parts.Part I (Paragraph 1): the writer describes the photographs and how a view of mountains in the background of one picture powerfully captures how thoroughly the city was destroyed by the atomic bomb.Part II (Paragraphs 2 – 3): the author argues that the bombing of Nagasaki is more representative of the nuclear peril threatening the world than that of Hiroshima, because it suggests that nuclear weapons can be used again and threaten everyone, so we need to take action to dispel the nuclear threat from the Earth.Part III (Paragraph 4): he restates his main idea, i.e. we should not just worry about the nuclear peril but take action to eliminate it to create a safer world.III. Rhetorical features of the textIn English, information can be organized in various ways. One of the effective ways of emphasizing some information is to put it after the word but in the “(not) A but B” structure. In the text, the author uses this rhetorical device many times. For instance,The photographs display the fate of a single city, but their meaning is universal ... (Paragraph 2)Practice:Pick out some other sentences with the same structure and analyze the effect they achieve.1) The true measure of the event lies not in what remains but in all that has disappeared. (Paragraph 1)2) … the challenge is not just to apprehend the nuclear peril but to seize a God-given opportunity to dispel it once and for all. (Paragraph 3)3) … one showing not what we would lose through our failure but what we would gain by our success. (Paragraph 3)Apart from the “A but B” sentence structure, we can also find the “A yet B” type:4) Nagasaki has always been in the shadow of Hiroshima ... Yet the bombing of Nagasaki is in certain respects the fitter symbol of the nuclear danger that still hangs over us. (Paragraph 2)5) Yamahata’s pictures afford a glimpse of the end of the world. Yet in our day, ... (Paragraph 3)And we can find a sentence that organizes information in a similar way without the use of the conjunction but or yet:6) Arriving a half-century century late, they are still news. (Paragraph 2)Section Three Detailed ReadingA VIEW OF MOUNTAINSJonathan Schell1.On August 9, 1945, the day the atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, YosukeYamahata, a photographer serving in the Japanese army, was dispatched to the destroyed city. The hundred or so pictures he took the next day constitute the fullest photographic record of nuclear destruction in existence. Hiroshima, destroyed three days earlier, had largely escaped the camera’s lens in the first day after the bombing. It was therefore left to Yamahata to record, methodically －and, as it happens, with a great and simple artistry –the effects on a human population of a nuclear weapon only hours after it had been used.Some of Yamahata’s pictures show corpses charred in the peculiar way in which a nuclear fireball chars its victims. They have been burned by light –technically speaking, by the “thermal pulse”－and their bodies are often branded with the patterns of their clothes, whose colors absorb light in different degrees. One photograph shows a horse twisted under the cart it had been pulling. Another shows a heap of something that once had beena human being hanging over a ledge into a ditch. A third shows a girl who has somehowsurvived unwounded standing in the open mouth of a bomb shelter and smiling an unearthly smile, shocking us with the sight of ordinary life, which otherwise seems to have been left behind for good in the scenes we are witnessing. Stretching into the distance on all sides are fields of rubble dotted with fires, and, in the background, a view of mountains.We can see the mountains because the city is gone. That absence, even more than wreckage, contains the heart of the matter. The true measure of the event lies not in what remains but in all that has disappeared.2.It took a few seconds for the United States to destroy Nagasaki with the world’s secondatomic bomb, but it took fifty years for Yamahata’s pictures of the event to make the journey back from Nagasaki to the United States. They were shown for the first time in this country in 1995, at the International Center for Photography in New York. Arriving a half-century late, they are still news. The photographs display the fate of a single city, but their meaning is universal, since, in our age of nuclear arms, what happened to Nagasaki can, in a flash, happen to any city in the world. In the photographs, Nagasaki comes into its own. Nagasaki has always been in the shadow of Hiroshima, as if the human imagination had stumbled to exhaustion in the wreckage of the first ruined city without reaching even the outskirts of the second. Yet the bombing of Nagasaki is in certain respects the fitter symbol of the nuclear danger that still hangs over us. It is proof that, having once used nuclear weapons, we can use them again. It introduces the idea of a series －the series that, with tens of thousands of nuclear weapons remaining in existence, continues to threaten everyone. (The unpredictable, open-ended character of the series is suggested by the fact that the second bomb originally was to be dropped on the city of Kokura, which was spared Nagasaki’s fate only because bad weather protected it from view.) Each picture therefore seemed not so much an image of something that happened a half-century ago asa window cut into the wall of the photography center showing what soon could easilyhappen to New York. Wherever the exhibit might travel, moreover, the view of threatenedfuture from these “windows” would be roughly accurate, since, although every intact city is different from every other, all cities that suffer nuclear destruction will look much the same.3.Yamahata’s pictures afford a glimpse of the end of the world. Yet in our day, when thechallenge is not just to apprehend the nuclear peril but to seize a God-given opportunity to dispel it once and for all, we seem to need, in addition, some other picture to counterpoise against ruined Nagasaki －one showing not what we would lose through our failure but what we would gain by our success. What might that picture be, though? How do you show the opposite of the end of the world? Should it be Nagasaki, intact and alive, before the bomb was dropped －or perhaps the spared city of Kokura? Should it be a child, or a mother and child, or perhaps the Earth itself? None seems adequate, for how can we givea definite form to that which can assume infinite forms, namely, the lives of all humanbeings, now and in the future? Imagination, faced with either the end of the world or its continuation, must remain incomplete. Only action can satisfy.4.Once, the arrival in the world of new generations took care of itself. Now, they can comeinto existence only if, through an act of faith and collective will, we ensure their right to exist. Performing that act is the greatest of the responsibilities of the generations now alive.The gift of time is the gift of life, forever, if we know how to receive it.I. Questions1. Why is a view of mountains provided by a picture so significant that it was chosen as the title of the essay? (Paragraph 1)Answer: A view of mountains in the distance rather than the wreckage is meant to remind the viewer of the city that was leveled to the ground by the atomic bomb and of the normal life that would have been going on there. This is where the significance of the picture lies.2. Why are Yamahata’s pictures still news? (Paragraph 2)Answer: Because it was the first time that Americans had ever seen the pictures since the atomic bombing fifty years ago.3. In what way(s) is the bombing of Nagasaki the fitter symbol of the nuclear danger? (Paragraph 2)Answer: The bombing of Nagasaki is regarded as the fitter symbol of the nuclear peril in two respects. First, it is evidence that nuclear weapons can be used again to destroy human civilization. Second, the fact that Nagasaki had not been the originally chosen target of the nuclear attack shows the unpredictability of possible nuclear attacks in the future. That is, every city in the world is liable to nuclear destruction.4. What is the universal meaning of Yamahata’s photos? (Paragraph 3)Answer: They were intended to demonstrate the devastating power of nuclear weapons and express an apprehension of the nuclear peril menacing the world.5. Do Yamahata’s pictures fully express the author’s intention of writing? Why or why not? (Paragraph 3)Answer: No, it only expresses part of it, because the writer intends not only to express his apprehension of the nuclear threat but, more importantly, to call on the people to take actions to banish forever nuclear weaponry from the Earth.II. Words and ExpressionsParagraph 1dispatch: v.send sb. / sth. somewhere, especially for a special purposee.g.Even the air force was mobilized to dispatch relief to the quake-stricken area.The government was preparing to dispatch 4,000 soldiers to search the island.constitute: v.a. [linking verb, not in progressive] be considered to be sth.e.g.Failing to complete the work constitutes a breach of the employment contract.Nitrogen constitutes 78% of the earth’s atmosphere.b. if several people or things constitute sth., they are the parts that form ite.g.We must redefine what constitutes a family.It is up to the teacher to decide what constitutes satisfactory work.Practice: Translate the following sentence into English.西海角省（Western Cape）的大部分居民是有色人种。
unit 1,硕士生英语综合教程2课本原文 电子版
Unit 11 Intel does it. So does Microsoft, Motorola, W. L. Gore & Associates, Southwest Airlines, Ben & Jerry’s Homemade, Hewlett-Packard, Lincoln Electric, and Starbucks. What is it? These companies pursue “people-first” strategies.(Para. 2a) There is an increasing amount of evidence that successful organizations put people first. Why? Astute managers have come to learn that their organization’s emp loyees are its only true competitive advantage. Competitors can match most organizations’ products, processes, locations, distribution channels, and the like.(Para. 2b) But what’s far more difficult to emulate is a workforce made up of highly knowledgeable and motivated people. The characteristic that differentiates successful companies from their less successful counterparts in almost every industry is the quality of the people they’re able to get and keep.(Para. 3a) What kind of practices differentiate people-first organizations? We can list at least four: (1) They value cultural diversity. They actively seek a diverse workforce based on age, gender, and race. (2) They are family friendly. They help employees balance work and personal responsibilities through programs such as flexible work schedules and on-site child care facilities. (Para. 3b) (3) They invest in employee training. These organizations spend heavily to make sure employee skill levels are kept current. This not only ensures that employees can handle the latest technologies and processes for the organization but that employees will be marketable to other employers. (4) People-first organizations empower their employees. They push authority and responsibility down to the lowest levels.(Para. 4) Organizations that put people first have a more dedicated and committed workforce. This, in turn, translates into higher employee productivity and satisfaction. These employees are willing to put forth the extra effort —to do whatever is necessary to see that their jobs are done properly and completely. Let’s take a look at one of those successful organizations that pursue “people-first” strategies: Starbucks. (Para. 5a) Wake up and smell the coffee —Starbucks is everywhere. The world’s number one specialty coffee retailer, Starbucks operates and licenses more than 8,000 coffee shops in more than 30 countries. The shops offer a variety of coffee drinks and food items as well as coffee and coffee accessories.(Para. 5b) Starbucks operates more than 4,700 of its shops in five countries, while licensees operate more than 2,800 units. In addition, Starbucks markets its coffee through grocery stores and licenses its brand for other food and beverage products.(Para. 6) From its modest beginnings in 1971, Starbucks Coffee Company’s reach today extends across the U.S. to Canada, Europe, Asia, and beyond, bringing the Starbucks coffee experience to the customer almost anywhere.(Para. 7a) Centra l to the company’s growth and success has been a constant dedication to offering Starbucks customers the highest quality products. While the company’s success was built upon the core product, coffee, Starbucks has become much more than coffee.(Para. 7b) It is a total coffee experience which encompasses everything from the decor of the retail locations and the music played within to the attitude of the Starbucks employees (known as “partners”), and even to the company’s desire to give back to the communities it serves.(Para. 8a) Since its inception, it has been the Starbucks employees who havehelped drive the success of the company.But it was probably Howard Schultz who started the ignition.(Para. 8b) Schultz joi ned the company in 1982, more than a decade after the company’s first retail bean store opened in Seattle’s Pike Place Market. As director of retail operations and marketing he was influential in the move to provide Starbucks coffee to fine restaurants and espresso bars throughout Seattle.(Para. 9a) A year after he joined the company a visit to Milan, Italy inspired Schultz to bring the Italian coffee-bar concept back to Seattle and put it into action in a new Starbucks location. It was a new foray for the company which previously had only provided freshly roasted beans for sale.(Para. 9b) However, the overwhelming success of the espresso bar concept led Schultz to found Il Giornale, an espresso bar which offered brewed coffee and espresso beverages made using Starbucks coffee beans. A few months later, the continued success of the Il Giornale concept led to Il Giornale acquiring the assets of Starbucks in 1987 with the backing of local investors. The new company changed its name to Starbucks Corporation.(Para. 10) At that time, Starbucks operated 17 stores and had begun to expand beyond Seattle to cities such as Chicago and Vancouver. For the next decade and beyond, the company experienced tremendous growth bringing specialty coffee to the everyday consumer, and in the process helped create and define the specialty coffee industry.(Para. 11) While the success of the company often is attributed to the persistence and vision of the company’s current CEO, Howard Schultz, it is also the employees, from management down to store level, who are at the heart of the company’s success(Para. 12) At the store level, Starbucks has been successful in bucking the norm at most retail service environments where employee turnover is high andcompetence or enthusiasm is waning. “When we first started our business, our attitude from the beginning was that the employees on the front line really have the most to do with our success,” said John Richards, Starbucks president, retail North America. (Para. 13) The challenges of a retail and foodservice environment have been overcome through a strong employee base. “We’re fortunate that the turnover of managers and hourly employees is probably one of the best in the industry,” explained Richards.(Para. 14) Richards takes this employee loyalty as a compliment, but attributes it to the company’s dedication to each employee’s needs. Investment in “partners” has helped build their loyalty to the company, to coffee, to customer service, and to each other.(Para. 15) The heart of the Starbucks experience begins with employee training. For retail partners, the training program focuses on coffee knowledge, product expertise, customer service, and interpersonal skills —all necessary to understand the product they provide to customers on a daily basis in order to create the Starbucks experience.(Para. 16) New store-level partners are welcomed into the Starbucks community with a week-long indoctrination into the cultural aspects of the company. The technical aspects of the job — those that relate to beverage preparation, for instance — are covered. From there, it is the manager’s responsibility to follow up with in-store modules for ongoing training in specific areas.(Para. 17a) All full-and part-time partners who work at least 20 hours a week are offered a full slate of generous benefits. Among the benefits are full health and dental coverage,vacation, and participation in the company-wide stock option plan called Bean Stock. (Para. 17b) Loyalty and a sense of belonging are further emphasized in open forums where employees, regardless of position, are encouraged to bring their suggestions or concerns to the attention of corporate management. Often it is the barista who is the impetus for a change simply because he or she is the one on the front line dealing with customers on a daily basis.(Para. 18a) Since most partners are also owners, they are very interested in getting access to company information. To accommodate this desire, senior management conducts quarterly open forums in the company’s different sales regions. Partners are encouraged to share their ideas and suggestions with senior management at these forums.(Para. 18b) Starbucks also distributes annual Bean Stock reports to all partners and the company publishes Pinnacle, a newsletter that spotlights company performance as well as the activities of individual partners company wide. Starbucks is also taking advantage of videos and teleconferencing to reach out to its partners.(Para. 19a) Being on the front line requires communication, be it communication in training employees to perform their job properly, or communication with customers.“Starbucks partners are alwayson the go. Customer flow is quite steady, and they have to perform tasks requiring a bit of knowledge,” Richards explained(Para. 19b) “Because of the way the service line is set up, partners mustinteract with each other to complete a task, creating a sense of teamwork. Customers shift from station to station,coming into contact with several employees during one transaction. Therefore, communication is an essential part of our success.(Para. 19c) The positive customer experience is based on the communication between partners and their customers.” Human interaction is essential and constant in the Starbucks environment and Richards believes that this constant interaction is the reason employees don’t get bored with their job. “They’re always challenged,” he said.(Para. 20) Starbucks also uses self-managed work teams at its coffee bean roasting plants. Although plant managers and supervisors are responsible for the initial organization of the teams, partners are encouraged to take over the day-to-day workings of the teams including decision-making. Cross-functional teams of partners and supervisors are used to make hiring decisions.(Para. 21) Starbucks is a living model of employee learning, ownership, involvement, and communication. The result is a superior product, coupled with customer service that is truly caring and responsive. The icing on the cake is sales growth of 65 percent a year over the last years while net incomeskyrockets by 70 to 100 percent a year.(Para. 22) All in all, Starbucks offers an amazingly diverse range of opportunities and benefits to its partners. It’s little wonder that new stores continue to openat the rate of three to five every week, and employees are making careers at Starbucks instead of dropping out.。
全新版大学英语综合教程2第二版Unit4电子ppt课件
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
The American Dream
Immigrants The Great Depression
Mortgage
Warm-up Questions
American Dream is the belief that everyone in the United States has the chance to achieve success and prosperity. For ordinary people, it means a happy family, an ideal job, and a nice house. For minorities and immigrants, it also includes freedom and equal rights.
Introduction
Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the missing words.
Before Reading
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
Before Reading
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
The Great Depression
Before Reading
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
研究生综合英语B2Unit4
Proponents of euthanasia believe that unnecessarily prolonging life in terminally ill patients causes suffering to the patients and their family members. Many societies now permit passive euthanasia, which allows physicians to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment when directed to do so by the patient or an authorized representative.
Every U.S. state has adopted laws that authorize legally competent individuals to make advanced directives, often referred to as living wills. Such documents allow individuals to control some features of the time and manner of their deaths. In particular, these directives empower and instruct doctors to withhold lifesupport systems if the individuals become terminally ill. Furthermore, the federal Patient Self-Determination Act, which became effective in 1991, requires federally certified health-care bet
全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文及翻译.pdf
学海无涯Unit1One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers teachers are are fearful that if skills skills are are not acquired acquired early, early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon).But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the the important important important question becomes this: Can question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?Walton set up a college scholarship fund for employees'children, a disaster relief fund to rebuild employee homes damaged by fires, floods, tornadoes, and the like. He believed in cultivating ideas and rewarding success."He'd say, 'That fellow worked hard, let's give him a little extra,'" recalls recalls retired retired retired president president president Ferold F. Ferold F. Arend, who was stunned at such generosity after the stingy employer he left to join Wal-Mart. "I had to change my way of thinking when I came aboard.""The reason for our success," success," says says Walton, in a company handout, handout, "is our people "is our people and the way they're treated treated and and and the the way they feel about their company. They believe things are different here, but they deserve the credit."Adds company lawyer Jim Hendren: "I've never seen anyone yet who worked for him or was around him for any length of time who wasn't better off. And I don't mean just financially, although a lot of people are. It's just something about him -- coming into contact with Sam Walton just makes you a better person." Making the journey from log cabin to White House is part of the American Dream. But when Jimmy Carter was defeated in his attempt to gain a second term as President of the United States he found himself suddenly thrown out of the White House and back in his log cabin. cabin. This This is how he coped.SEAN: If that sort of thing happened only once in a while,it wouldn't be so bad. Overall, I wouldn't want to trade my dad for anyone else's. He loves us kids and Mom too. But I I think that's sometimes the think that's sometimes the problem. problem. He He He wants wants wants to to to do do do things things for us, things he thinks thinks are are good. But he needs needs to to give them more thought because:SEAN, HEIDI and DIANE: (In unison) Father knows better! (The lights quickly fade to black and then come up a second or two later. DIANE stands alone at the Down Right edge of the stage. HEIDI and SEAN enter Down Left and cross to the edge of the stage. )DIANE: Can you imagine how humiliated I was? An honor student, class president. And Father was out asking people to have their sons call and ask me to the prom! But that's dear old dad. Actually, he is a dear. He just doesn't stop to think. And it's not just one of us who've felt the heavy hand of interference. Oh, no, all three of us live in constant constant dread dread knowing that at any time disaster disaster can can strike because: Father knows better.I'd never realized how important daily routine is:dressing for work, sleeping normal hours. I'd never thought I relied so much on co-workers for company. I began to understand why long-term unemployment can be so damaging, why life without an externally supported daily plan can lead to higher rates of drug abuse, crime, suicide.To restore balance to my life, I force myself back into the real world. I call people, arrange to meet with the few remaining friends who haven't fled New York City. I try to at least least get get get to to to the the the gym, gym, gym, so so so as as to set set apart apart apart the the the weekend weekend weekend from from the rest of my week. I arrange interviews for stories, doctor's appointments -- anything to get me out of the house and connected with others.But sometimes being face to face is too much. I see a friend friend and and her ringing laughter laughter is is intolerable intolerable -- -- the noise of conversation in the restaurant, unbearable. I make my excuses and flee. I re-enter my apartment and run to the computer as though it were a place of safety.I click on the modem, the once-annoying sound of the connection now as pleasant as my favorite tune. I enter my password. The real world disappears.Thought you were safe sharing secrets with Internet friends? Wait for the doorbell...The runway felt different this time. It startled himfor a brief moment. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. That's only one inch off the National record, he thought. The intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety. He began shaking the tension. It wasn't working. He became more tense. Why was this happening to him now, he thought. He began to get nervous. Afraid would be a more accurate accurate description. description. description. What was What was he he going to do? going to do? He He had never had never experienced these feelings. Then out of nowhere, and from the the deepest deepest deepest depths depths depths of his soul, of his soul, he he pictured pictured pictured his his his mother. Why mother. Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this? It was simple. His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths.So he did. Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his pole at his feet. He began to stretch out his arms and upper body. The light breeze that was once there was now gone. He carefully picked up his pole. He felt his heart pounding. He was sure the crowd did, too. The silence was deafening. When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was his time to fly.Racing Racing the the clock every day is such an exhausting exhausting effort effortthat when I actually have a few free moments, I tend to collapse. Mostly I sink into a chair and stare into space while I imagine how lovely life would be if only I possessed the organizational skills and the energy of my superheroines. In fact, I waste a good deal of my spare time just worrying about what other women are accomplishing in theirs. Sometimes I think that these modern fairy tales create as many problems for women as the old stories that had us biding our time for the day our prince would come.Yet superwomen tales continue to charm me. Despite my friend's warning against being taken in, despite everything I've learned, I find that I'm not only willing, but positively eager to buy that bridge she mentioned. Why? I suppose it has something to do with the appeal of an optimistic approach to life -- and the fact that extraordinary deeds have been accomplished by determined individuals who refused to believe believe that that "you can't" can't" was was the final word on their dreams. Men have generally been assured that achieving their heart's desires would would be a be a piece of cake. Women, Women, of of of course, course, have always believed that we can't have our cake and eat it too-the old low-dream diet. Perhaps becoming a superwoman is an impossible dream for me, but life without that kind of fantasy is as unappealing as a diet with no treats.1) The young woman described to the policemen the way the man ran up to her and grabbed the bag from her hand.2) All the people working for Sam Walton admire the way he manages Wal-Mart and the way he treats his employees.3) The neighbors were disgusted at the way he talked to his old father. 4) It's amazing the way the eight-year-old boy managed to stay so calm when he faced the emergency.1. You will find yourself penniless in a month.2. He found himself lying in a hospital ward.3. She found herself faced with the toughest job she had ever taken.4. Susan found herself in a trap from which she could not escape.1) Obviously what the speaker wanted to emphasize was the impact of these findings rather than the process that led to these findings.2) It seems that he is never bothered about what people would think about his behavior.3) The CEO never hesitates to let his employees know what he is planning for the company.4) The scientist will show the audience what a tele-operated robot can do for a family.5)Despite all this she manages to get her act together.1、She herself believed in freedom,so much so that she would rather die than live without it.2、Assuming the proposal is accepted,where are we going to get the money?3、Only by rewarding success can you bring out the best in your employess.4、It It’’s amazing the eight-year-old boy managed to stay so calm when he faced the emergency.5、Allen Allen should should should have have have known better known better than to lend such such a large a large sum of money to that untrustworthy cousin of his.。
全新版大学英语综合教程 B2 U4 (课文及翻译)
Integrated Course Book 2 Unit 4Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:1. Is the hero a student or an employee?2. What was he doing when the boss came in?3. How did he act in front of his boss?4. Can you guess what the texts in this unit are going to be about?The following words in the recording may be new to you:surf vt.（在网上）漫游log onto 进入（计算机系统）unpredictable a.不可预测的When an idle moment turned up at work, people used to reach for the newspaper, providing the boss wasn't looking. Nowadays they are more likely to spend their spare moments surfing the Internet. Needless to say, the boss is usually no more happier than before, thinking that his staff should be looking for some useful work to do. So what happens to the surfer who hears the boss's footsteps approaching? This is the situation the writer of the poem you are about to hear found himself in. Will he be caught in the act?Surfing the InternetStepping into the lab,I found no one is inside.So I think I'm in the clearBecause the boss is nowhere in sight.I log onto the web and start to surfAnd then my hair stands up with fright.The footsteps coming down the hallAre quickening in pace.There is no time to exit,No way to save my face.So I press the power buttonAnd relax just a bit.There is no way he can tellExactly what I hit.I act all surprised,Don't know why my machine died."Simply unpredictable theseComputers are!" I cried."So we'll get you a new one,A computer that won't crash", he exclaims.Do you think he'll wonderWhen the new one acts the same?intergrated courseMaia Szalavitz, formerly a television producer, now spends her timeas a writer. In this essay she explores digital reality and itsconsequences. Along the way, she compares the digital world to the "real"world, acknowledging the attractions of the electronic dimension.迈亚·塞拉维茨曾是电视制片人，目前从事写作。
硕士综合英语教程2Unit1、2、3、4、5 Text A译文
硕士综合英语教程2参考译文Unit 1成功机构，以人为本“我们公司的经营模式是公司和每一位员工共同成功，绝不落下任何人，这也是成功经营一个企业的典范……”——霍华德·舒尔茨1.英特尔公司奉行它。
微软、摩托罗拉、戈尔、西南航空公司、班杰瑞、惠普、林肯电气以及星巴克也都奉行它。
它是什么？它就是这些公司所奉行的“以人为本”的策略。
2.越来越多的例子证明，成功的组织都是以人为本的。
为什么？因为精明的经理人们已经认识到他们企业的员工才是它们唯一真正的竞争优势。
竞争者可以在产品、工艺、选址、销售渠道等诸多方面与其不相上下，但却很难效仿的是拥有一支由专业素质高和工作动机强的人组成的劳动力队伍。
几乎在所有的行业，那些成功的公司之所以超越它们的对手们，主要的区别就在于他们所能够得到和留住想要的人。
3.哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。
它们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。
第二，它们具有家庭氛围。
公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。
第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。
这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。
这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。
第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。
它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。
4.那些奉行以人为本的组织拥有一支更敬业、更忠诚的工作团队。
因而这样的团队精神转化成了高生产率和工作满意度。
这些员工会愿意做出更大的努力——为了准确彻底地完成他们的工作，他们会全力以赴。
我们来看一看其中的一个因奉行“以人为本”而取得成功的公司：星巴克。
星巴克的卓越成就5.让你在咖啡中醒来！——星巴克无处不在。
作为世界首屈一指的专业咖啡零售商，星巴克在世界上30多个国家开设和授权开设了8000多家咖啡店。
这些咖啡店销售各种各样的咖啡饮品、食物、咖啡及咖啡用品。
研究生综合英语book 2unit_4_loveandmarriagePPT课件
Text A: Are Love and Marriage Like a Horse and Carriage
Quit
Contents
1 Background Information & Cultural Notes
2 Lead-in
3
Home Back
Background Information & Cultural Notes
Daniel Todd Gilbert is Professor
of Psychology at Harvard
University. He is a social
psychologist who is known
Home Back
Lead-in: Passage Appreciation
Love is holding hands in the street Marriage is holding arguments in
Home
Background Information & Cultural Notes
Aaron Ben-ze’ev is President and Professor of Philosophy at the university of Haifa. His research focuses on theoretical issues concerning the emotions, as well as the study of particular emotions. His major books are, The Subtlety of Emotions (MIT, 2000), Love Online: Emotions on the Internet (Cambridge UP,2004), and In the Name of Love: Romantic Ideology and its Victims (Oxford UP,2008).
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译Unit 1 Text A: Fighting with the Forces of NatureAmong the forces of nature, wind and water are perhaps the two that have most effect on the land Wind and water, working together, are constantly changing the shape of the land Sometimes the wind blows very hard for a long time This is called a windstorm When a windstorm hits an area, it can cause a lot of damage It can blow away soil and destroy crops It can even destroy buildings and kill peopleWater also plays an important role in changing the land Rivers carry soil and sand from one place to another When the river slows down, the soil and sand are deposited Over time, this can form new land Sometimes a river can change its course This can cause problems for people who live near the riverPeople have always tried to control the forces of nature They have built dams to hold back water and prevent floods They have also planted trees to stop the wind from blowing away the soil But sometimes our efforts to control nature can have unexpected resultsFor example, when a dam is built, it may stop the flow of a river This can cause problems for fish and other animals that live in the river It can also change the climate of the area Sometimes our attempts to control nature can cause more harm than goodTranslation:在自然力量中，风和水也许是对陆地影响最大的两种力量。
高等学校研究生英语综合教程上下册Unit原文加翻译
上unit1——TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS关键员工的特征1.What exactly is a key player?A“Key Player"is aphrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted.I asked a client——a hiring manager involved in a recent search—to define it for me."Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.On my team of seven process engineers and biologists,I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,”he said."Key players are essential to my organization.And when we hire your company to recruit for us,we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just that:the staff that another manager will not want to see leave.We recruit only key players.”关键员工到底是什么?在我进行的每一次搜索中，我都会从雇主那里听到“关键员工”这个词。
大学英语综合教程(第二版)unit4
ATM(自动出纳机).
balance
• 3)If you look out of the window on the left side of the
bus,you'll see that we're now____________the Tower of
London.
approaching
• 4)There'll certainly be some preblems,but nothing that
g. iBanutt, after all, the______ba_l_a_n_c_e_swheeertes exactly the same. The only difference was where you put the
decimal point.
New Expressions :
turn ais stolen car and he had to buy a new one.
• 2)With great patience,the clerk showed the elderly lady
how to check the________in her benk account on an
you can't______.
• 5)People who__h_a_n_d_le_litter in the streets should be fined
heavily.
discard
• 6)Successful businessment today are likely to be young,agressive(有进取心的)，and well-
1)A doctor cannot turn away a dying man. 医生是不能见死不救的。
unit4,硕士生英语综合教程2 课本原文 电子版
Unit4(Para. 1) In the last few centuries, marriage has been connected to romantic love. This kind of package deal is not easy to maintain and indeed many people fail while trying to do so. Nevertheless, most people still pursue this deal. This is another type of paradox associated with marriage.(Para. 2) Some of the main difficulties of this package deal are the following: (a) in modern society, marriage is no longer unique in fulfilling tasks such as raising children and enhancing one’s status and financial situation, (b) long-term romantic relationships are problematic in that they lack significant changes, which are so meaningful to emotions in general and love in particular, and (c) the greater flexibility of romantic boundaries in modern society make it harder to maintain strict emotional connections and constraints, such as those recommended in marriage.(Para. 3a) In modern society, most of thepenalties for dissolving a marriage have been removed and many of theincentives that marriage offers can be obtained in other social frameworks. The choice of staying within a marriage depends, therefore, more on the issue of love than on those traditionally unique advantages of marriage, such as raising children and enhancing one’s status and financial situation.(Para. 3b) If a person feels that her presentmarital relationship prevents her from experiencing genuine love (and from personal development and satisfaction), there is little incentive for her to stay in the marriage. The fact that most divorce cases now cite a lack of love as the reason for seeking to end the marriage indicates the greater importance that love has in contemporary marriages. (Para. 4a) Romantic relationships consist of both change, which increases excitement, and familiarity, which enhances commitment andliking. The positive role of familiarity may lead love to grow and become deeper over time. However, the lack of novelty may make the element of passion less intense. As David Barash and Judith Lipton put it, “we don’t normally speak of a passionate marriage. (Para. 4b) A good marriage, a happy marriage, a comfortable and compatible marriage, yes, but only rarely a passionate one.” They further argue that a passionate marriage would be exhausting, as to “live in a state of perpetual passion” would be to forgo much of the rest of life, and, in truth, there are other things. Love can deepen and broaden ... but it rarely becomes more passionate.(Para. 4c) Likewise, sex in long-term relationship may be less passionate but because of familiarity and acquiring better techniques may be more satisfied. In any case, stability in marriage and well-being are not one and the same: a stable marriage does not necessarily mean that marriage is particularly gratifying or vital. There is no general solution to the problem of the “right” amount and type of change required for more profound and enduring romantic love.(Para. 5) The problem of a long-term romantic relationship that usually lacks significant changes is further enhanced in marriage, which involves more obstacles to close personal relationships. In the last few hundred years, marriage has become part of a package deal that is also intended to include love. The more independent that we become and the more flexible our romantic boundaries are, the more it becomes difficult to take on the whole package. Onesuch difficulty is that love, and often ideal love, becomes a necessary condition of the deal. (Para. 6a) In light of these changes, there has been a significant increase, over the last few decades, in the percentage of single households in modern society. Such an increase by no means suggests that marriage is dead, but that a growing number of adults are spending more of their lives single or living unmarried with partners. Nevertheless, it seems that the desire for marriage remains strong and constant.(Para. 6b) The new circumstances have significantly increased the autonomy of individuals and in particular that of women. The greater independence of individuals weakens the expectation for romantic exclusivity of the kind that involves significant dependence upon the partner. Lovers who do not live together see each other for limited times, do not depend upon each other for their major needs, and thus they need not abide by any external formal dictates or constraints.(Para. 7a) One characteristic of modern society is that it has become increasingly easier to get out of marriage (or any type of romantic relationship) and to get into a new marital relationship (or any other type of romantic relationship). In light of such changes, the framework of marriage has been transformed from a formal contractual bond with hardly any possibility of future regret into an agreement that can be dissolved without the need to find cause, fault, or justification.(Para. 7b) The agreement is based on the desires of the heart, rather than on obligatory commitment. Hence, there is no need to be ashamed of following one’s heart and terminating the marriage, or even in having an affair of the heart. In this sense, love has acquired additional weight in personal relationships.(Para. 8a) Indeed, love is acquiring ever greater weight in our decisions to maintain our marriages. Thus, an overwhelming majority of people (over 85% of Americans) said that they would not marry someone they were not in love with and about 50% of Americans believe that they have the right to divorce when romantic love fades. These attitudes express the profound wish to combine romantic love with marriage.(Para. 8b) Moreover, a 2007 ACNiels en’s survey indicates that 70% of people surveyed said that marriage is for life and 60% said that marriage is one of their lifetime goals. Although the attitudes toward marriage are largely dominated by a country’s cultural and religious beliefs, the wish for a stable, long term relationship is still a desired goal. Little wonder that most romantic movies end in marriage or very close to it.(Para. 9a) Romantic love involves commitment, and commitment is enforced by marriage, which imposes constraints against any reduction to that commitment. In this way, the chains of marriage may enhance love. But in ideal love, commitment is internal; it does not stem from external and imposed chains, but from intrinsically valuable attitudes toward the beloved.(Para. 9b) The great problem that the chains of marriage generate is that they may kill novelty and change, which is of great value in enhancing passion. As Stephen Mitchell indicates, “ Love and marriage may go together like a horse and carria ge, but it is crucial that the horse of passion quickly betethered by the weight of the carriage of respectability to prevent runaways.” However, the chain of the carriage may be unbearable and may kill the horse.(Para. 10) In modern society, the greater availability of love outside marriage has forcedpeople to give love a more significant place in marriage. Alas, the duration of each instance of this love is often limited. It is a situation of having shorter but higher quality romantic relationships. Sometimes the higher quality provides the circumstances for longer relationships. This quality may enhance the strength of a specific romantic relationship, but it may also make another potential relationship be perceived as more attractive.(Para. 11) The marital paradox of pursuing an ideal that one is most likely to fail to achieve could be resolved if we were to accept the possibility of having shorter marriages, in which love is more likely to remain alive. Another way to solve the paradox would be to accept that marriage should essentially involve acompanionable love rather than a romantic one; if romantic love and passionate sex do occur in a marriage, it should be seen as a fortunate bonus. Many people adopt this view. However, most people still seek to combine romantic love with marriage or attempt to find some other long-term romantic relationship.(Para. 12) Despite the above difficulties Arlene Skolnick argues that “The death of marriage has been proclaimed countless times in American history; and yet no matter how many times it fails to die, the threat never seems to lose its power.” I join Skolnick in this claim, but would add that marriage seems to be losing its unique, exclusive place and some of its main characteristics.(Para. 13) The above considerations can be encapsulated in the following statement that a lover might express: “Darling, if our marriage is going to be short, please try to fix the house and make love to me as much as possib le while you are still around.”。
大学综合英语教程第2册unit 4(何兆熊)
大学综合英语教程第2册unit 4（何兆熊）Unit 4Unit 4 Cultural EncountersSection Two Global ReadingI. Text analysis1. Which sentence is the thesis statement?The last sentence of the 3rd paragraph: �DMost fundamental is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society and one that we overlook at our peril.‖ 2. Compromising, in the author’s view, is a key notion in tra nslation and thus also inintercultural communication. Numerous examples are used to explain this notion. Try to find these examples.Paragraph 4: The lack of an exact counterpart of the English word�Dhomesickness‖ in other languages such as Itali an, Portuguese, and German. Paragraph 5: The problem of untranslatability which the early Bible translators encountered. Paragraph 6: English and Welsh speakers make adjustments regarding the color spectrum in the grey / green / blue / brown range; the fla t breads of Central Asia are a long way away from Mother’s Pride white sliced toasties, yet the word �Dbread‖ has to serve for both.II Structural analysis1. What type of writing is this essay? And what’s the main strategy the author adopt to developthe body of the essay?It is a piece of argumentation. Abundant examples are provided to support her argument in the body of the essay.2. Divide the text into parts by completing the table. Paragraphs 1-3 Main ideas It describes the communications revolution taking place worldwide and the widespread use of the English language, and then points out that there are indeed problems with the communications revolution. It exemplifies that language and culture are so closely interrelated that often we find that what we can say in one language cannot be conveyed at all in another, and that confronted with insurmountable linguistic problems, translators negotiate the boundaries between languages and come up with a compromise. It briefly points out the immense significance of intercultural understanding. 4-7 8Section Three Detailed ReadingText ICultural Encounters Susan Bassnett1 Inevitably, the spread of English means that millions of people are adding another1Unit 4language to their own and are learning how to negotiate cultural and linguistic differences. This is an essential skill in today’s hybrid world, particularly now when the need for international understanding has rarely been so important. But even as more people become multilingual, so native English speakers are losing out, for they are becoming ever more monolingual, and hence increasingly unaware of the differences between cultures that languages reveal. Communicating in another language involves not only linguistic skills, but the ability to think differently, to enter into another culture’s mentality and shape language accordingly.8 Millions of people are discovering how to bridge cultures, while the English-speaking world becomes ever more complacent and cuts down on foreign language learning programs in the mistaken belief that it is enough to know English.2 World peace in the future depends on intercultural understanding. Those best placed to help that process may not be the ones with the latest technology and state-of-the-art mobile phones, but those with the skills tounderstand what lies in, under and beyond the words spoken in many different languages.9Paragraphs 1-3 Questions:1. What do cheap flights and the Internet mean to people today? (Paragraph 1)Cheap flights mean that millions of people can afford to visit placestheir parents could only dream about, while the Internet means that numerous people are able to communicate with the remotest places with great ease.2. Exemplify and explain that English has become the most important international language. (Paragraph 2)Conferences and business meetings around the globe are held in English, regardless of whether anyone present is a native English speaker. English has simply become the language that facilitates communication, and for many people learning English is an essential stepping stone on the road to success.Words and Expressions1. access n. entrance; way in; means of entering or the right to use or look at something e.g. The only means of access to the building is along a muddy track.到达那幢楼的唯一途径是沿着那条泥泞的小路前行。
硕士英语综合教程2课文翻译Unit4
Unit 4亚伦·本–泽维“婚姻的锁链是如在接下人把它叫做婚姻。
”丹尼尔吉尔伯特1.情结合起来时失败了。
不过的另一种自相矛盾的情况。
2. 1. 在现代况等任务的惟一形式。
2. 长期的浪漫关系的问题在于他们缺乏重大3.浪漫严格的情感联系和限制难以维持。
3.选择继续留在婚姻中更多的是由于爱情而不是婚姻关系具有的那些婚案件现在会用缺少爱情作为寻求结束婚姻关系的原因。
这一事实表明爱情在当代婚姻关系中愈发重要。
4.烈。
正如大为和朱迪思所说的“我们通常不说充满激情的婚姻。
一段只那么热烈却由于相互熟悉和掌握了更好的技巧而更加满意。
无论如何着那段婚姻特别满意或充满生机。
没有一个总的方案来解决需要多少“适当”的数量和类型的变化来拥有更深远的更持久的浪漫爱情这一问题。
5.长期的浪漫关系通常缺乏重大变化这个问题在婚姻中进一步强化。
在婚姻中终止恋人关系涉及到更多的障碍。
在过去的几百年6.量的成年人更多的时候独自生活或和伴侣未女性的自主权。
个体更大的独立性削弱了对那种极其依赖伴侣的浪漫定或约束。
7.同约束转化为不需要寻找理由、过错和合理解释就能解除的协议。
这爱情在个人关系上获得了额外的分量。
8.85%50%的美国人认为当浪漫的爱情逐渐消失时他们有权离婚。
这些态度表达了希望将浪漫的2007年AC7060%的受访者说婚姻生活是他们追求一生的目标之一。
尽管对期的婚姻关系仍然是人们渴望的目标。
难怪大多数浪漫爱情片都以婚姻或类似的形式作为结局。
9.约。
它是发自内心地对所爱的人的宝贵的态度。
婚姻的束缚产生的重大问题在于他们可能抹杀对增进感情至关重要的新鲜感和变化。
正如史蒂芬.在于充满激情的马可能被防止它逃跑的体面的马车的重量牵绊”。
无10.更短的更高质量的浪漫爱情的情形。
有时高质量也为更长时间的浪漫它同样能使另一种潜在的关系变得更具吸引力。
11.如果我们接受采用更短的婚姻来使爱情保持活力这种可能另一个解决这一矛盾的方案可能是接受婚姻必须包含友善的爱而不是浪漫的爱这一观点。
大学英语综合教程2第三版unit4PassageA
⼤学英语综合教程2第三版unit4PassageA⼤学英语综合教程2 第三版 unit4 Passage A 答案译⽂语⾔点重点Read the Text:Death of a Dream1Answer:No, I don’t often travel by air, but I wish I could. As a student, I can’t afford to travel by air, as it is too expensive. The reason I like traveling by air is that it is fast and comfortable2Answer:According to statistics, the rate of air disasters is much lower than that of any other traffi c accidents. We know more about air crashes simply because they are reported worldwide.3Answer:I will surely feel sad or grieved for a few days, for an air disaster usually results in many deaths at the same time. Read and think1. Work with your partner and answer the following questions.1 Answer:Laurie was a better skater.2 Answer:The weather was very good. It was warm and sunny with no storms or high winds.3Answer:The pilot tried to land twice but failed.4Answer:They sensed that something must be wrong when the pilot lost contact with the control towerduring the last few minutes before the scheduled landing5 Answer:Open2. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.Anwser: 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. TRead and complete3. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.Anwser:1. signal 2. crash 3. distress 4. grace 5. exploded6. collision7. lowered8. beamed9. scatter 10. Destruction4. Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage.Change the form where necessary. Anwser: 1. combed through 2. in any case 3. ended in 4. bound for5. on board5. Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word given in the brackets.Anwser: 1. crew 2. to embrace 3. reared 4. scheduled 5. was gracedRead and translate6. Translate the following sentences into English.1.她在公共汽车站⼀直等到末班车进站。
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Unit4(Para. 1) In the last few centuries, marriage has been connected to romantic love. This kind of package deal is not easy to maintain and indeed many people fail while trying to do so. Nevertheless, most people still pursue this deal. This is another type of paradox associated with marriage.(Para. 2) Some of the main difficulties of this package deal are the following: (a) in modern society, marriage is no longer unique in fulfilling tasks such as raising children and enhancing one’s status and financial situation, (b) long-term romantic relationships are problematic in that they lack significant changes, which are so meaningful to emotions in general and love in particular, and (c) the greater flexibility of romantic boundaries in modern society make it harder to maintain strict emotional connections and constraints, such as those recommended in marriage.(Para. 3a) In modern society, most of thepenalties for dissolving a marriage have been removed and many of theincentives that marriage offers can be obtained in other social frameworks. The choice of staying within a marriage depends, therefore, more on the issue of love than on those traditionally unique advantages of marriage, such as raising children and enhancing one’s status and financial situation.(Para. 3b) If a person feels that her presentmarital relationship prevents her from experiencing genuine love (and from personal development and satisfaction), there is little incentive for her to stay in the marriage. The fact that most divorce cases now cite a lack of love as the reason for seeking to end the marriage indicates the greater importance that love has in contemporary marriages. (Para. 4a) Romantic relationships consist of both change, which increases excitement, and familiarity, which enhances commitment andliking. The positive role of familiarity may lead love to grow and become deeper over time. However, the lack of novelty may make the element of passion less intense. As David Barash and Judith Lipton put it, “we don’t normally speak of a passionate marriage. (Para. 4b) A good marriage, a happy marriage, a comfortable and compatible marriage, yes, but only rarely a passionate one.” They further argue that a passionate marriage would be exhausting, as to “live in a state of perpetual passion” would be to forgo much of the rest of life, and, in truth, there are other things. Love can deepen and broaden ... but it rarely becomes more passionate.(Para. 4c) Likewise, sex in long-term relationship may be less passionate but because of familiarity and acquiring better techniques may be more satisfied. In any case, stability in marriage and well-being are not one and the same: a stable marriage does not necessarily mean that marriage is particularly gratifying or vital. There is no general solution to the problem of the “right” amount and type of change required for more profound and enduring romantic love.(Para. 5) The problem of a long-term romantic relationship that usually lacks significant changes is further enhanced in marriage, which involves more obstacles to close personal relationships. In the last few hundred years, marriage has become part of a package deal that is also intended to include love. The more independent that we become and the more flexible our romantic boundaries are, the more it becomes difficult to take on the whole package. Onesuch difficulty is that love, and often ideal love, becomes a necessary condition of the deal. (Para. 6a) In light of these changes, there has been a significant increase, over the last few decades, in the percentage of single households in modern society. Such an increase by no means suggests that marriage is dead, but that a growing number of adults are spending more of their lives single or living unmarried with partners. Nevertheless, it seems that the desire for marriage remains strong and constant.(Para. 6b) The new circumstances have significantly increased the autonomy of individuals and in particular that of women. The greater independence of individuals weakens the expectation for romantic exclusivity of the kind that involves significant dependence upon the partner. Lovers who do not live together see each other for limited times, do not depend upon each other for their major needs, and thus they need not abide by any external formal dictates or constraints.(Para. 7a) One characteristic of modern society is that it has become increasingly easier to get out of marriage (or any type of romantic relationship) and to get into a new marital relationship (or any other type of romantic relationship). In light of such changes, the framework of marriage has been transformed from a formal contractual bond with hardly any possibility of future regret into an agreement that can be dissolved without the need to find cause, fault, or justification.(Para. 7b) The agreement is based on the desires of the heart, rather than on obligatory commitment. Hence, there is no need to be ashamed of following one’s heart and terminating the marriage, or even in having an affair of the heart. In this sense, love has acquired additional weight in personal relationships.(Para. 8a) Indeed, love is acquiring ever greater weight in our decisions to maintain our marriages. Thus, an overwhelming majority of people (over 85% of Americans) said that they would not marry someone they were not in love with and about 50% of Americans believe that they have the right to divorce when romantic love fades. These attitudes express the profound wish to combine romantic love with marriage.(Para. 8b) Moreover, a 2007 ACNiels en’s survey indicates that 70% of people surveyed said that marriage is for life and 60% said that marriage is one of their lifetime goals. Although the attitudes toward marriage are largely dominated by a country’s cultural and religious beliefs, the wish for a stable, long term relationship is still a desired goal. Little wonder that most romantic movies end in marriage or very close to it.(Para. 9a) Romantic love involves commitment, and commitment is enforced by marriage, which imposes constraints against any reduction to that commitment. In this way, the chains of marriage may enhance love. But in ideal love, commitment is internal; it does not stem from external and imposed chains, but from intrinsically valuable attitudes toward the beloved.(Para. 9b) The great problem that the chains of marriage generate is that they may kill novelty and change, which is of great value in enhancing passion. As Stephen Mitchell indicates, “ Love and marriage may go together like a horse and carria ge, but it is crucial that the horse of passion quickly betethered by the weight of the carriage of respectability to prevent runaways.” However, the chain of the carriage may be unbearable and may kill the horse.(Para. 10) In modern society, the greater availability of love outside marriage has forcedpeople to give love a more significant place in marriage. Alas, the duration of each instance of this love is often limited. It is a situation of having shorter but higher quality romantic relationships. Sometimes the higher quality provides the circumstances for longer relationships. This quality may enhance the strength of a specific romantic relationship, but it may also make another potential relationship be perceived as more attractive.(Para. 11) The marital paradox of pursuing an ideal that one is most likely to fail to achieve could be resolved if we were to accept the possibility of having shorter marriages, in which love is more likely to remain alive. Another way to solve the paradox would be to accept that marriage should essentially involve acompanionable love rather than a romantic one; if romantic love and passionate sex do occur in a marriage, it should be seen as a fortunate bonus. Many people adopt this view. However, most people still seek to combine romantic love with marriage or attempt to find some other long-term romantic relationship.(Para. 12) Despite the above difficulties Arlene Skolnick argues that “The death of marriage has been proclaimed countless times in American history; and yet no matter how many times it fails to die, the threat never seems to lose its power.” I join Skolnick in this claim, but would add that marriage seems to be losing its unique, exclusive place and some of its main characteristics.(Para. 13) The above considerations can be encapsulated in the following statement that a lover might express: “Darling, if our marriage is going to be short, please try to fix the house and make love to me as much as possib le while you are still around.”。