高考英语被动语态知识点讲解

被动语态
★被动语态的基本形式:
英语中的被动语态由be done(vt.的过去分词) 构成。

其人称、数和时态的变化通过be 的变化表现出来的。

以实义动词do为例，在常见时态中，其被动语态的基本形式如下：
㈠谓语动词的被动语态
注
强调动作被执行。

常见短语：get lost/ married/ paid/ hurt/ burnt/ broken/ drunk/ killed drowned/ cheated/ separated/dressed/ injured 等等。

a
n d
t h i n
eg: ① How did you get lost in the mountain ？ ② They got married two months after their first sight. ㈡ 非谓语动词的被动语态
★主动语态表被动意义的情况：
① 感官动词, 系动词feel, look, taste, smell, sound 动词 read ，write ，sell, wash, clean, lock, dry, wear 等表主语的属性特征；
表示开始，结束，运动的动词begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等;
用作谓语时，句子主语含有被动关系，但并不表示动作被执行，故不需用被动语
态。

如：
1. W hat he said proved to be reasonable.
2. T he water in winter feels cold.
3. W hatever my mother cooks taste delicious.
4. Y ou hairstyle looks vary fashionable.
5. T his pen writes well.
6. T he door won’t lock.
7. T he red coat of mine washes well.
8. T he shop closes at 10 o’clock every morning. 9. T he meeting ended in an friendly atmosphere.
②sb./sth. + be+ adj. to do ,此句中不定式to do 与主语sb./sth. 关系。

T he text is easy to understand. (The text is easily to be understood.) T he water here isn’t fit to drink.
③need, require, want, demand, deserve（应得到，应受到）,be (well)worth
doing
中，doing主动表被动。

如：
M y hair needs washing.
Y our right deserves protecting.
The movie is well worth watching again.
★使用被动语态的注意事项：
（1）vi.+介构成的固定短语相当于一个vt.，在被动句中，切记保留介词。

如：F
T he little girl is always taken care of by her neighbors.
Our time should be made use of to learn English well.
Good use should be made of to learn English well.
被动语态的用法
1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：
1) Some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。

(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
2) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。

2 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：
1) This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

2) Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。

记忆歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。