华东师范大学 外国哲学 博士及硕士入学考试真题
博士、研究生入学考试西哲试题
博士、研究生入学考试西哲试题一、简答下列各题（每题5分，共50分）1、爱利亚学校2、柏拉图“回忆说的主要内容3、德漠克利特的“影像”说4、亚里士多德关于“第一哲学”的定义5、“奥卡姆剃刀”6、休漠的不可知论观点7、笛卡儿的二元论8、卢梭关于人类不平等的论述9、康德的“自在之物”（“物自体”）10、费尔巴哈论“思维与存在的统一”二、回答下列各题（每题10分，共30分）1、洛克对“天赋观念论”的批判2、简评实用主义真理观3、海德格尔论“此在”三、试论述黑格尔对康德哲学的批判与继承（20分）一.简答题（解释下列概念与名词，每题5分，共50分）1.存在者（巴门尼德）2.数是万物的本源;3.知识与意见（柏拉图）；4.唯名论；5.有学问的无知（库萨的尼古拉）6.自因；7.《社会契约论》（卢梭）；8.观念的关系和事实（休谟）；9《人类理智新论》；10.“自我”“非我”二.分析题（全面的分析下列问题；每题25分，共100分）1.试论述亚里士多德实体学说的主要内容；2.试分析笛卡尔关于上帝存在的思路；3.试分析休谟因果学说和唯理论因果学说之间的区别；4.在康德哲学里，时间和空间具有哪些主要特征。
【名解1】水是万物的本原（南开00）；奴隶道德和主人道德（复旦96）；理念（人大98）；理念论（人大97、浙是、大98）；原子与虚空（人大97、吉大00、厦大99）；逻各斯（赫拉克利特）（吉大00、浙大99）；米利都学派（武大00）；人是万物的尺度；努斯（人大97、浙大99）；飞矢不动（南开00）；实体（亚里士多德）（吉大00）；人不能两次踏进同一条河流（人大00、北师大01、浙大98）；一切都是由必然性而产生（德谟克利特）；四因说（武大00、浙大98、人大01）；回忆说（人大99、北师大01）；潜能与现实（人大99）；助产术（人大00）；伊壁鸠鲁的快乐主义（厦大01）；奥古斯丁（浙大98）；原子论（浙大98）；影像说（浙大98）；四根说（浙大98）；美德乃是一种和谐（毕达哥拉斯派）（浙大98）；普纽玛（浙大99）；《准则学》（浙大00）；存在（巴门尼德）（浙大00）；形式与质料（人大98）；教父哲学（人大01）；美德即知识（浙大00）；人本主义（武大00）【简答1】简述柏拉图在《理想国》中阐述的伦理的政治思想。
2006年华东师范大学博士生英语试卷1
华东师范大学2006年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语Paper One注意：答案请做在答题卡上，做在试题上一律无效Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line throughthe center.1. Police believe that many burglars are amateurs who would flee if an alarm sounded orlights .A. came outB. came onC. came toD. came down2. Mr. Jenkins drove along at his usual high speed for police cars in his mirrorfrom time to time to make sure he was safe.A. pulling outB. running throughC. going aheadD. watching out3. Miss Tracy moved to New York in the early 1960s, apparently to escape jealous friendswho were becoming increasingly of her success.A. delightfulB. gracefulC. resentfulD. respectful4. In theory, governments are free to set their own economic policies; in practice, theymust conform to a global economic model or risk being by the market.A. replacedB. overlookedC. saturatedD. penalized5. Mrs. Black finds that her piano has always had the magic power of taking her awayfrom the grim realities of daily life and her to fairyland of her own once she started to play.A. transformingB. transportingC. transplantingD. transcending6. It is hard to think of a field in which it is not important to what is likelyto happen and act accordingly.A. look outB. figure outC. turn outD. point out7. At about the same time, some black Christians walked in protest out of churches wherethey were forced to worship in sections.A. segregatedB. sustainedC. connectedD. engaged8. San Francisco climbs and falls over numerous hills, which provides views of thewide bay and the Golden Gate Bridge.A. flashyB. transientC. breathtakingD. ambiguous9. Martin Luther King, Jr. persuaded his followers to bring the of the AmericanNegroes to the attention of the United Nations, but they did not act very effectively.A. conspiracyB. pledgeC. plightD. compulsion10. Even though strong evidence has proved the nicotine to be , the tobacco companystill insists that its products are harmless.A. solubleB. deficientC. addictiveD. skeptical11. Prof. Flynn found no students in the lecture hall when he arrived. Only then did he realizethat he came early.A. too muchB. so muchC. much tooD. much so12. I wanted to be sure a sudden emergency that we gave the right advice.A. on account ofB. in case ofC. at the risk ofD. in spite of13. in India, the banana was brought to the Americas by the Portuguese who foundit in Africa.A. Originally cultivatedB. Having originally cultivatedC. Originally being cultivatedD.Although it originally cultivated14. It was the end of my exhausting first day as a waitress, and I really appreciatedtime to relax.A. to haveB. havingC. to have hadD. of having15. We’ve just installed central heating, should make a tremendous difference tothe house next winter.A. whatB. thatC. itD. which16. So fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.A.has light traveledB.light travelsC.does light travelD.travels light17. she was living in Paris that she met her husband Terry.A. Just whenB. It was whileC. Soon afterD. During the time when18. While crossing the mountain areas, all the men had guns for protection lest theyby the local bandits.A. be attackedB. must be attackedC. were attackedD.would be attacked19. The police chief announced that the deaths of two young girls would soon be inquired .A. aboutB. ofC. intoD. after20. They were more than glad to leave their cars parked and walked a change.A. asB. forC. toD. byPart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet I with a single line through the center.(1)When the brash British raider Sir James Goldsmith calculated that U. S. timberland was a tempting prize, he launched a $500-million bid to take over San Francisco’s Crown Zellerbach paper company in order to grab the corporation’s vast forests. As a result, Goldsmith owns 1.9 million acres of forests in Washington State, Oregon, Mississippi and Louisiana.The United States seems to have become a country for sale. Foreign ownership in the United States, including everything from real estate to securities, rose to a remarkable $ 1.33 trillion last year, up 25.5 percent from the previous year. Foreign investors now own 46 percent of the commercial real estate in downtown Los Angeles, 39 percent in downtown Houston, 32 percent in downtown Minneapolis and 21 percent in downtown Manhattan.Esteemed U. S. corporate nameplates have been changing citizenship at a rapid clip. Smith & Wesson handguns have gone to the British. General Electric television sets have been bought by the French, Carnation foods by the Swiss, General Tire by the West Germans.In fact, the question of what is truly America has become befuddling. The British, who burned Washington in 1814, have built or bought an estimated $773 million in District of Columbia property, including ownership of the famed Watergate complex. And what about breakfast (or a diamond ring) at Tiffany, or drinks in the cultured atmosphere of Manhattan’s Algonquin Hotel? Those vintage landmark buildings are now Japanese possessions.The reasons for the rush to buy are abundantly clear. The U. S. dollar has plunged more than 50 percent in value during the past three years against such major foreign currencies as the Japanese yen, the West German mark and the British pound. The result is that everything with a dollar-denominated price tag has looked like a tremendous steal to holders of stronger currencies.Japanese bargain shoppers increasingly cover neglected American gambling casinos. In April last year, Ginji Yasuda, a Korean-born Japanese, bought the 1100-room Aladdin Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas for $ 54 million and reopened it after spending another $30 million to restore its glitzy décor. Says Yasuda: “You have a lot of dreams still available in this country that you don’t have in Japan.” He plans to shuttle customers from Japan in a posh jet equipped with sleeping cabins.Wile the Japanese have largely shied away from takeovers of major U. S. industrialcorporations, at least partly in fear of a public relations backlash, the least inhibited bidders have been the British. They committed more than $27 billions last year to U. S. takeovers.21. Sir James Goldsmith owns vast forests in the United States because .A. he is a relentless raiderB. he has been awarded a grand prizeC. he has taken over a U. S. paper companyD. he has a number of corporations in Washington State22. Foreign ownership of the commercial real estate in downtown Los Angeles was 14 percentmore than it was .A. in downtown San FranciscoB. in downtown HoustonC. in downtown ManhattanD. in downtown Minneapolis23. In the United States, the British have already come into possession of .A. the Watergate complex and General TireB. General Electric and General TireC. Manhattan’s Algonquin Hotel and the Watergate complexD. Smith & Wesson and the Watergate complex24. Judging from the context the phrase “a tremendous steal” in Paragraph 5 means.A. something extremely cheapB. something too expensiveC. something worth buyingD. something dangerous but profitable25. According to the passage, the Japanese investors .A. have been slow in making large investments in land in the United StatesB. have showed more interest in US major industrial corporations than in gambling housesC. are not so bold as the British in taking over major US industrial corporationsD. have proved themselves the least inhibited bidders in the United States(2)Ever since the Industrial Revolution brought workers from small shops into factories, supervision have been required. Only during the last hundred years, however, has industrial management grown into a highly organized set of modern methods for achieving efficiency. Thus, management is a new human history, and it has already become vitally important for the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economies.Efficiency means getting results with the least possible waste of time, effort, and money. Therefore, efficiency is the aim of all management, both puplic and private. In private business, efficiency can be measured by profit, the surplus of income over expenditures.The manager’s a job, then, is to get people to do things efficiently. The top manager manages other managers, chooses and trains them, plans their operations, and checks the results. All managers have practical complex problems, but they utilize methods based on a growing body of knowledge. Shop managers carry out time and motion studies to improve workers’efficiency, and foremen give on-the-job training to workers. Industrial managers employ specialists to keep machines working properly and to ensure the supply of spare parts. The flow of work is supervised to avoid any unplanned idleness of workers of equipment. Each step in manufacturing is planned in detail, and the cost of each step is carefully calculated. Supervisors consult experts regularly in order to master new techniques. Personnel managers have learned to obtain greater efficiency from workers by providing rest periods and by improving morale through better heating, lighting, safety devices, cafeterias, and recreation facilities – even when these have not been demanded by labor unions. The use of modern electronic devices had led to increasing automation, in which many automatic machines function without any need for human labor.Scientific management methods have spread to all branches of industry – not only manufacturing, but also accounting, finance, marketing, and other office work. There areplanning systems, organization systems and control systems. Within these there are other systems for delegation of authority, budgeting, information feedback for control, and so on. The essence of all the functions of management is coordination, the harmonious combination of all individual efforts for the achievement of the objectives of the enterprise.26. From the first paragraph, we know that .A. industrial management depends on the success of all kinds of businesses and ofnational economiesB. industrial management is indispensable to the successes of all kinds of businessesand of national economiesC. the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economies has nothing to dowith industrial managementD. industrial management did not develop until the last fifty years27. The top manager .A. is responsible for selecting other managers and help them do things efficientlyB. gets other managers to choose and train themselvesC. manages other managers’ operationsD. learns new techniques from other managers28. All managers employ .A. various methods to solve their practical and complex problemsB. specialists to keep machines working properlyC. workers who give on-the-job trainingD. advisers to handle practical and complex problems29. Personnel managers provide rest periods, safety devices, recreation facilities, etc. _______.A. because the labor unions demand themB. just to improve the workers’moraleC. to obtain greater efficiency from workersD. to ensure the good working conditions30. The essence of all management functions is .A. to combine individual efforts to achieve the objectives of the enterpriseB. the coordination of the functions of managementC. the harmonious coordination of organization efforts for the achievement ofindividual objectivesD. to coordinate the systems for planning, organization and control(3)The genetic characteristics of all life forms on earth are embodied in the chemical structure of DNA molecules. An organism’s DNA molecules provide a complete blueprint forits physical makeup. Genetic engineering is the process of altering the DNA genetic codeto change the characteristics of plants and animals. Through the process, scientists can literally build to order new life forms that perform desired functions. For hundreds of years, humans have engineered the development of food crops and domesticated animals through selective breeding practices. For example, the modern dairy cow is the result of centuriesof carefully breeding individual animals that carried the genetic trait for high milk production. However, new technology makes it possible for scientists to restructure the DNA molecules themselves and thus obtain more rapid and more radical genetic changes than were possible in the past. This new process is commonly called recombinant DNA technology or gene splicing because it involves disassembling the DNA molecule and then recombining or splicing the pieces according to a new pattern. The genespliced DNA molecule may have a genetic code that has never existed before.Although recombinant DNA technology is still in its infancy, it has already demonstratedits value. New crop breeds produced by his process are already growing in farmers’fields. Crops that are genetically engineered to resist pests, diseases, and drought could be important in efforts to alleviate starvation around the world. Scientists are trying to use genetic engineering to produce important drugs such as insulin and interferon cheaply. They are also working on a genetically engineered generation of wonder drugs to combat cancer and other killer diseases. However, the recombinant DNA technology brings with it problems our society has not previously faced. Gene splicing could produce new disease microorganisms, deadly to us or to the plants and animals upon which we depend. The possibility of altering human genetic structure raises serious moral, political, and social issues. Genetic engineering illustrates dramatically the promises and dangers of technological development. The decisions our society makes about genetic engineering will undoubtedly have tremendous consequences in the years to come.31. The best title for this passage is .A. The Basic Function of Genetic EngineeringB. New Applications of Genetic EngineeringC. Recombinant DNA Technology, A New Process in Genetic EngineeringD. The Promises & Dangers of Technological Development32. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about recombinant DNA technology?A. It can bring about rapid and radical genetic changes in life forms.B. It can be used to restructure DNA molecules to produce new desired plant and animalbreeds.C. It may increase the risk of producing some unexpected diseases.D. It proves an effective way to cure cancer and other incurable diseases.33. The word “alleviate” in paragraph 2 is nearest in meaning to .A. relieveB. avoidC. eliminateD. terminate34. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. there will inevitably be a heated debate over the general application of therecombinant DNA technologyB. the use of the recombinant DNA technology on human beings will be forbiddenC. the recombinant DNA technology can be traced back to hundreds of years agoD. serious dilemmas may be generated when it is used to modify human genetic code35. The author’s attitude towards genetic technologies is .A. enthusiasticB. indifferentC. criticalD. objective(4)The word for “The Da Vinci Code”is a rare invertible palindrome. Rotated 180 degrees on a horizontal axis so that it is upside down, it denotes the maternal essence that is sometimes linked to the sport of soccer. Read right side up, it concisely conveys the kind of extreme enthusiasm with which this riddle-filled, code-breaking, exhilaratingly brainy thriller can be recommended. That word is wow.The author is Dan Brown (a name you will want to remember). In this gleefully erudite suspense novel, Mr. Brown takes the format he has been developing through three earlier novels and fine-tunes it to blockbuster perfection. Not since the advent of Harry Potter has an author so flagrantly delighted in leading readers on a breathless chase and coaxing them through hoops. Consider the new book’s prologue, set in the Grand Gallery of the Louvre. (This is the kind of book that notices that this one gallery’s length is three times that of the Washington Monument.) It embroils a Caravaggio, an albino monk and a curator in a fight to the death. That’s scene leaving little doubt that the author knows how to pique interest, as the curator, Jacques Sauniere, fights for his life.Desperately seizing the painting in order to activate the museum’s alarm system, Sauniere succeeds in buying some time. And he uses these stolen moments? Which are his last? To take off his clothes, draw a circle and arrange himself like the figure in Leonardo’smost famous drawing, “The Vitruvian Man.”And to leave behind an anagram and Fibonacci’s famous numerical series as clues.Whatever this is about, it is enough to summon Langdon, who by now, he blushes to recall, has been described in an adoring magazine article as “Harrison Ford in Harris tweed.”Langdon’s latest manuscript, which “proposed some very unconventional interpretations of established religious iconography which would certainly be controversial,” is definitely germane.Also soon on the scene is the cryptologist Sophie Neveu, a chip off the author’s earlier prototypes: “Unlike the cookie-cutter blondes that adorned Harvard dorm room walls, this woman was healthy with an unembellished beauty and genuineness that radiated a striking personal confidence.”Even if he had not contrived this entire story as a hunt for the Lost Sacred Feminine essence, women in particular would love Mr. Brown.The book moves at a breakneck pace, with the author seeming thoroughly to enjoy his contrivances. Virtually every chapter ends with a cliffhanger: not easy, considering the amount of plain old talking that gets done. And Sophie and Langdon are sent on the run, the better to churn up a thriller atmosphere. To their credit, they evade their pursuers as ingeniously as they do most everything else.When being followed via a global positioning system, for instance, it is smart to send the sensor flying out a 40-foot window and lead pursuers to think you have done the same. Somehow the book manages to reconcile such derring-do with remarks like, “And did you know that if you divide the number of female bees by the number of male bees in any beehive in the world, you always get the same number?”“The Da Vinci Code”is breezy enough even to make fun of its characters’own cleverness. At one point Langdon is asked by his host whether he has hidden a sought-after treasure carefully enough. “Actually,” Langdon says, unable to hide his grin, “that depends on how often you dust under your couch.”36. Why does the author use the word “wow” to describe the novel The Da Vinci Code?A. Because the word reads the same backwards.B. Because it is also linked to the sport of football.C. Because the novel is imbued with perplexing enigmas and smartly wrought.D. Because the novel is a bestseller.37. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Dan Brown, author of “The Da Vinci Code” has published so far four novels.B. The Da Vinci Code begins with a mysterious murder case in the Gallery of Luvre.C. In his earlier novels, Dan Brown has created characters like Sophie Neveu.D. The Da Vinci Code wins the popularity among women because Dan Brown is afervent feminist.38. It can be inferred from the passage that Harry Potter is all the following EXCEPT.A. It is also a bestseller around the worldB. It attracts readers with heart-throbbing suspenseC. It is characterized by hoax and unreliable plotsD. It has achieved immense popularity with readers39. The major factor that contributes to the success of The Da Vinci Code is .A. the engrossing prologueB. the depiction of the female protagonist Sophie NeveuC. the breakneck pace and a cliffhanger at the end of almost every chapterD. the colorful description of the cleverness of the characters40. The author’s attitude towards “The Da Vince Code” is .A. criticalB. indifferentC. affirmativeD. sarcasticPaper Two(注意：以下各题的答案必须写在Answer Sheet II上)Part III Cloze (10%)Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet II.It was during the nineteenth century that the rapid development of the heat engine took place, and with ever increasing power at the disposal of man, the mechanical age began. The demand 41 more and more power as new industries evolved created a great incentive for invention. At first, attention was solely devoted to practical improvement, but 42 the trend was more toward philosophical reasoning, with a result that engineers found 43 necessary to review their fundamental ideas. It was seen that the consideration of practical detail 44 was insufficient in the attempt to produce more efficient machines. Theoretical reasoning was also necessary, and it was through the work of men such as Carnot, Gibbs and others, 45 the theoretical study developed. The 46 of their philosophy and the skill of the craftsmen, together with the ingenuity of the practical engineers, resulted 47 progressively more efficient engines.48 with the prime movers of the nineteenth century, our present-day engines and power plants are very efficient. Nevertheless, design and development engineers are continually striving to produce even more efficient machines. In this task they must engage in conflict 49 the restrictions which Nature imposes upon energy conversion processes, and they must be 50 with the knowledge which is gained from the study of the subject of Thermodynamics. Part IV Translation (15%)Directions: Put the following passage into English.现在教育和就业的距离正在拉大。
华东师范大学考研真题欧洲哲学史2002
华东师范大学
2002年攻读硕士学位研究生入学试题
考试科目：欧洲哲学史
招生专业：外国哲学、马克思主义哲学、中国哲学、逻辑学、伦理学
一、名词和命题（48分）
1、逻各斯
2、精神接生术
3、上帝存在的本体论证明
4、我思故我在
5、第一性的质和第二性的质
6、人是机器
7、社会契约论8、绝对精神
二、原著分析题（30分）
1、休谟在《人类理解研究》的结尾处写道：“我们如果在手里拿起一本书来，例如神学书或经院哲学书，那我们就可以问，其中包含着数和量方面的任何抽象推论么？没有。
其中包含着关于实在事实和存在的任何经验的推论么？没有。
那么我们就可以把它投在烈火里，因为它所包含的没有别的，只有诡辩和幻想。
”
问：你如何理解休谟的这段论述？
2、康德在《未来形而上学导论》第36节中说：“自然界的最高立法必须是在我们心中，即在我们的理智中，而且我们必须不是通过经验，在自然中去寻求自然界的普遍法则；而是反过来，根据自然界的。
2012年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】2012年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解时间：180分钟Paper One注意：答案请做在答题卡上，做在试题上一律无效Part I Vocabulary and Structure(15%)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠwith a single line through the center 1.The concept of vocational or professional identity differs______between the United Sates and Japan.A.clearB.markedlyC.outstandinglyD.greedily【答案】B【解析】句意：美国和日本在职业或专业身份的概念定义上存在明显差异。
markedly明显地；显著地。
clear清楚的；明显的。
outstanding杰出的；突出的。
greedily贪婪地；贪食地。
此处需要的是具有“明显，显著”含义的副词。
2.Now that her son was old enough to support the family,Mr.Williams decided to leave everything at his______.A.handB.advocacyC.tacklingD.disposal【答案】D【解析】句意：既然她的儿子已长大到足以支撑整个家庭，威廉姆斯先生决定将所有事都交给他来处理。
华东师范大学博士研究生入学考试历年试题(教育学)
华东师⼤大2010年⽐比较教育1.试述⾯面向新世纪世界教育改⾰革的基本趋势，你觉得有何重⼤大意义。
2.谈谈你对“教育国际化对第三世界国家教育发展的有积极作⽤用”这句话的认识。
3.你对⽇日本教育制度的弊端是怎么看的？4.美国的学前教育机构是如何利⽤用社区资源的？你认为我们的幼⼉儿教育机构可利⽤用的社区资源有哪些？应如何充分利⽤用这些资源？结合实际，谈谈你的看法。
.华东师⼤大2011年⽐比较教育1.请你总结⼀一下第⼆二次世界⼤大战前法国教育的特点,对法国的国家发展有何帮助。
2.论述：什么是中央集权制的教育体制，谈谈你的认识。
3.1947年郎之万--华伦教育改⾰革⽅方案的改⾰革六原则及其意义具体有哪些不⾜足和优点。
4.请你阐述德国教师资格证书的特点，它的推⼲⼴广对德国的教育有哪些积极意义。
华东师⼤大2012年⽐比较教育1.请你简述英国1972年《詹⺟母⼠士报告》中关于师资培训的三段试师范教育,有何重⼤大意义。
2.“现代教育和现代教育管理制度的本质特征决定着现代教育管理制度的发展趋向。
”这句话有什么意义，谈谈你的看法。
3.请你试论述英国视导制度的内容以及皇家督学的主要任务。
4.请你谈谈⽇日本⼆二⼗十世纪九⼗十年代以来的基础教育改⾰革中教师政策制定⽅方⾯面对我国教育改⾰革有何重⼤大启⽰示。
华东师⼤大2013年⽐比较教育1.法国在学前教育与⼩小学教育的衔接上采取的主要措施有哪些？你认为特别值得我们借鉴的有哪些？为什么,请你说出你的看法。
2.试论述前现代儒家传统中的⼉儿童与⻄西⽅方⼉儿童的⽐比较。
3.德国资助与指导学前⼉儿童家庭教育的措施主要有哪些？请就此谈谈你的看法.4.英国“幼⼉儿凭证计划”的基本涵义是什么？请就此谈谈你的认识。
北师⼤大2005年⽐比较教育1、我国⼀一流⼤大学与世界⼀一流⼤大学理念、制度层⾯面的差距 2、国际⽐比较视⾓角谈课程改⾰革原则3、⽐比较教育对认识教育现象规律的作⽤用4、⻄西⽅方⻢马克思主义⽐比较教育理论模式5、教育国际化对第三世界国家教育的影响。
华东师范大学2024硕士研究生招生考试初试试题634哲学综合
华东师范大学2024硕士研究生招生考试初试试题科目名称：634哲学综合
一、名词解释（每题5分）
1.逍遥游
2.浩然之气
3.资本
4.世界观
5.亚里士多德四因说
6.先天综合判断
二、简答题（每题10分）
1.简述先秦儒家天人观
2.简述法家的基本思想
3.如何理解自在世界与人类世界的分化与统一
4.如何理解真理原则与价值原则的统一—
5.柏拉图是如何解释“认识就是回忆”的
6.唯名论与唯实论的分歧是什么
三、论述题（每题20分）
1.试述孔子仁论。
2.从马克思主义哲学的角度来谈谈如何认识中国式现代化。
3.比较霍布斯洛克和卢梭社会契约论思想的异同。
华东师大哲学历年考博试题
华东师大哲学历年考博试题Last updated at 10:00 am on 25th December 20202011年一、名词解释（30 分）：道法自然老子对道的性质的概括。
《老子》二十五章：“人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。
”河上公注：“道性自然无所法也。
”意谓道对外无所法，以自己自然而然的存在为法。
王弼则注曰：“法自然者，在方而法方，在圆而法圆，于自然无所违也。
”谓道以自然为法则。
兼爱墨子看来：“天下兼相爱则治，交相恶则乱。
”（《兼爱上》）一旦做到了“兼爱”，就会出现一个“强不执弱，众不劫寡，富不侮贫，贵不傲贱，诈不谋愚”的合理的、公正的理想社会。
（见《兼爱中》）墨子提倡的“兼相爱”是以“交相利”作为基础的，也是以“交相利”为具体内容的。
因为“爱人者，人必从而爱之，利人者，人必从而利之”（《兼爱中》），人人相爱相利，社会上相互残杀争夺的现象就自然消灭，也就达到了天下太平的大治局面。
墨家兼爱无差等，儒家仁爱有差等。
一念三千天台宗之佛学思想。
一念即一念心，三千即三千世界，总括一切法之谓。
三千世界即一切现象皆存在于一念心之中，皆为同一真如本心之显现，所以说“一念三千”。
天台宗之观法，观一念之心而具三千诸法也。
一心三观，北齐慧文禅师于中论发之。
一念三千，天台大师于法华经发之。
三千者，地狱，饿鬼，畜生，阿修罗，人，天，声闻，缘觉，菩萨，佛之境界为界，据由圆融之妙理。
此十界互具十界，则相乘而为百界，百界一一有性，相，体，力，作，因，缘，果，报，本末究竟十如之义，则相乘而为千如，此千如各有众生，国土，五阴三世间之别，则相乘而为三千世间。
于是一切之法尽矣。
止观五上曰：“夫一心具十法界，一法界又具十法界百法界，一界具三十种世间，百法界即具三千种世间，此三千在一念心。
若无心而己，介尔有心，即具三千。
”止观五曰：“问一念具十法界，为作念具为任运具答：诸性自尔，非作所成。
如一微尘，具十方分。
”理一分殊这个命题起源于对张载《西铭》篇的理解。
华东师范大学2024硕士研究生招生考试初试试题844哲学基础
华东师范大学2024硕士研究生招生考试初试试题
科目名称：844哲学基础
一、名词解释（6＊5）
1.理性
2.本然的存在
3.应然之则
4.实践智慧
5.终极关怀
二、简答（15＊4）
1.哲学的二重品格
2.知识的客观有效性根据
3.解释世界和变革世界的关系
4.追求真善美与自由个性的关系
三、分析（10分）
找出下面论述中可能存在的谬误
1.论证：一个东西能被看见，是因为人们真实地看见它。
2.密尔说“...证明一样事物可以被看见，是人们确实看到了它...同样，证明一样事物可以被欲求，就是人们真实地欲求它..显然，幸福是善的。
”（密尔《功利主义》）
三、论述（七选一，共50分）
马哲（2小题）
（1）劳动异化理论四重规定及其联系。
（2）劳动异化理论对当今世界的现实意义。
外哲
阐述早期自然主义哲学关于“本原”的讨论，以及说明其对后期转变为存在之为存在（形而上学）的影响。
中哲
何为中国哲学中的知行之辩，试论王阳明知行合一论，再谈谈你对道德认知和道德实践的关系的理解。
伦理
功利主义的观点，挑战，革新，你认为革新是否有效。
科哲：举实例说明科学与技术的关系。
宗教
论述安瑟尔谟对神和上帝存在的证明，并说明安瑟尔谟神学证明对基督教神学的影响。
逻辑学（5小题）
（1）三段论，说明逻辑形式，并用文恩图解法看是否正确
（2）判断是否是复言式
（3）转化成优析取公式
（4）转化成什么谓词式
（5）一个判断推理，推理出哪位运动员出场并给予证明过程。
2009年华东师范大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2009年华东师范大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation 6. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Mr. Smith is supposed______for Italy last week.A．to have leftB．having leftC．to leaveD．to be leaving正确答案：A解析：句子大意为：史密斯先生上周就——动身去意大利了。
本题考查常用动词suppose的用法。
sb．be supposed to do sth．相当于sb．should do sth．，意为“某人应该做某事”；sb．be supposed to have done sth．相当于sb．should have done sth．，意为“某人本应该做某事”。
由于本题涉及过去的时间，故须使用完成时态，表示虚拟语气。
所以，正确答案是A。
2．With an initial investment of only ten thousand dollars, both partners have increased their money______.A．by two thousand moreB．by two thousandC．for two thousand moreD．for two thousand正确答案：B解析：句子大意为：由于初始投资只有一万美元，双方各自又——了两千美元。
本题考查常用动词的搭配用法。
动词increase常和介词by搭配，表示具体增加的量。
副词more在本题中属于累赘。
所以，正确答案是B。
3．A______from every person, no matter how small, will help the Red Cross reach its goal of $100,000.A．contractB．concentrationC．contributionD．construction正确答案：C解析：句子大意为：不论多么微小的个人——都有助于红十字会实现其十万美元的募捐目标。
华东师大859西方哲学考研古希腊至现代考研真题
华东师大859西方哲学考研古希腊至现代考研真题一、华东师范大学人文社会科学学院哲学系859西方哲学（古希腊至现代）考研真题一、名词解释1．亚里士多德的实体2．第一性的质与第二性的质3．经验主义中的印象与观念的概念4．分析判断与综合判断5．现象学的悬搁6．存在先于本质二、简答题1．亚里士多德的四因说2．上帝存在的本体论证明三、论述题1．康德哲学在各种意义上是大陆理性主义与英国经验主义的综合?2．由弗雷格和罗素所创立的分析哲学已有100多年的历史，请写出并论述不少于两个不多于三个分析哲学的理论贡献。
二、赵敦华《西方哲学简史》考研真题第一部分考研真题精选一、名词解释1社会生活的物质条件[武汉大学2015年研]答：社会生活的物质条件是指人类社会的物质生活赖以存在和发展的物质要素的总和。
社会生活的物质条件包括：地理环境、社会发展的人口因素和人类生活所必需的物质资料的生产方式。
地理要素是指人类社会生存于其中的自然条件；社会发展的人口因素是指一定数量、质量、密度的人口，此二者是人类社会赖以存在和发展的必要条件，物质资料的生产方式则对社会发展起决定性作用。
2苏格拉底的精神助产术[武汉大学2015年研]答：苏格拉底的精神助产术是指古希腊著名的思想家、哲学家苏格拉底通过提问帮助对方把观点明确的方法。
苏格拉底在同别人讨论问题时，往往总是说自己对任何问题都不懂，只好向别人请教。
但当别人回答他的问题时，苏格拉底却对别人的答案进行反驳，使对方矛盾百出。
最后通过启发，诱导别人把他的观点说出来。
但苏格拉底认为这些观点不是自己的，而是对方心里本来就有，只是由于肉体的阻碍未能显现出来。
他的作用是通过提问帮助对方把观点明确。
苏格拉底把最后这个至关重要的环节，形象地称为“思想助产术”。
这个教育思想在世界教育史上占有重要地位，是启发式教育的典型。
3斯宾诺莎的知识分类和真观念[武汉大学2015年研]答：斯宾诺莎的知识分类和真观念是斯宾诺莎在认识论方面的基本观点。
西方哲学史考研真题(最全)(硕士博士)
西方哲学史考题：1996年（一）概念解释：助产术（苏格拉底）线段比喻（柏拉图）四因说（亚里士多德）中世纪的唯名论和唯实论第一性质和第二性质（洛克）单子论（莱布尼兹）图象说（维特根斯坦）存在先于本质（萨特）（二）论述题：（1）简述亚里士多德的第一实体和第二实体的学说。
（2）简述康德的哥白尼革命的内容和意义。
（3）简述罗素的摹状词理论及其意义。
1997年（一）概念解释：真理之路与意见之路（巴门尼德）第一实体和第二实体（亚里士多德）流射说（伊壁鸠鲁）流溢说（柏罗丁）奥康剃刀（奥康）我思故我在（笛卡尔）自在之物（康德）机器里的幽灵（拉美利特）家族相似（维特根斯坦）本质先于存在（萨特）（二）论述题：（1）简述柏拉图的“分有说”，并分析其理论上的意义和缺陷。
（2）分析“全部知识来源于经验”一说在理论上有何错误？（3）分析黑格尔“有、无、变”的思想。
（4）简析维特根斯坦所说的“对于不可说的东西，必须沉默”。
1998年：（一）概念解释：巴门尼德的存在原子与虚空四因说流溢说唯实论我思故我在物是观念的集合第一性质和第二性质（二）论述题：（4选3）（1）柏拉图理念论的分有说及其困难。
（2）休谟的因果学说及其理论基础。
（3）康德的先天综合判断学说及其作用。
（4）黑格尔主体即实体的思想。
1999年（一）简要解释以下名词：（每题5分）单子四根说波菲利问题先验幻相（二）简要解释以下命题：（每题8分）（1）“德性就是知识”（苏格拉底）（2）“观念的次序就是事物的次序”（斯宾诺莎）（3）“应该把真正的实体理解为主体”（黑格尔）（4）“除了哲学真理以外还需要有神学真理”（托马斯）（三）论述题：（1）柏拉图的“洞穴”比喻说明了“理念论”的哪些观点？（2）洛克是如何说明第一性的质和第二性的质的关系的？贝克莱在此问题上有何不同见解？2000年（一）名词解释：（每题5分）助产术太一四线段比喻绝对同一性真理是过程前定和谐（二）指出下列各段话出自何人，并解释其含义：（每题10分）（1）这个世界，对于一切存在物都是一样的，它不是任何伸所创造的，也不是任何人所创造的；它过去、现在、未来永远是一团永恒的活火，在一定的分寸上燃烧，在一定的分寸上熄灭。
2023年华东师范大学哲学基础-外国哲学考研初试试题真题
2023年华东师范大学哲学基础-外国哲学初试试题
业务课名称：哲学基础-外国哲学
考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。
2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。
一、名词解释
1.苏格拉底的“对话辩证法”
2.存在即是被感知
3.积极的虚无主义
4.罗素墓状词理论
二、简答
1.狄尔泰为什么说“历史观是精神科学的方法”?
2.简述亚里上多德灵魂理论，并说明他如何解决感性认识和理性认识的关系
3.简述休漠对因果性概念的批判及其影响。
4.简述马尔库塞单向度的人，及其对工业社会的批判
三、论述
1. 试述海德格尔的基础存在论
2.奎因为什么说翻译是无法准确的，他的主要观点是什么，谈谈你的想法。
华东师范大学2003年博士生入学考试英语试卷及答案
华东师范⼤学2003年博⼠⽣⼊学考试英语试卷及答案华东师范⼤学2003年招收博⼠学位研究⽣⼊学考试英语试卷Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension 15% (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A. From the policemen. C. In the town.B. In the car. D. At the police station.2. A. Doctor. C. Receptionist.B. Secretary. D. Patient.3. A. Mr. Bixy's secretary. C. A typist.B. Mr. Bixby's friend. D. Mr. Bixby's client.4. A. Ron. C. Lucy.B. Ron's friend. D. Lucy's husband.5. A. Visiting as many places as he can. C. Visiting his friends here.B. Visiting a variety of museums. D. Visiting the art museums.6. A. The first speaker's is going to spend the weekend there and then visit some friends.B. The first speaker is going to visit some friends there.C. The first speaker is going to attend a conference there.D. The first speaker is going to see a doctor there.7. A. Making some money.B. This spring.C. Thinking.D. Putting on a show.8. A. By subway. C. By bus.B. By taxi. D. On foot.9. A. 39 B. 27 C.54 D. 9310. A. The second speaker had a very serious accident.B. The first speaker is feeling well.C. The first speaker doesn't know what happened to the second speaker.D. The first speaker thought that the accident was not serious.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A. Why people need to sleep. C. Two purposes of sleep.B. Two kinds of sleep. D. Why and how people sleep.12. A. Active sleep. C. Physical sleep.B. Passive sleep. D. Emotional sleep.13. A. Only when people sleep well, will they feel rested.B. Dreaming occurs in active sleep and helps restore our energy.C. All people dream for one and a half hours during eight hours of sleep.D. Dreaming won't occur until the passive sleep period is over.Passage 2Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A. Chinese readers. C. The Romans.B. German readers. D. Non-Chinese.15. A. The first of January. C. The middle of winter.B. The middle of November. D. The beginning of the harvest season16.A. It means a period of rest from workB. It brings us a good life.C. It symbolizes a new life with new hope.D. It embodies a happy occasion.17. A. The celebration of the New Y ear.B. The difference between the western New Y ear and Chinese New Y ear.C. The origin of the New Y ear festival.D. The significance of the New Y ear festival.Passage 3Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A. When she was a graduate. C. When she entered a university.B. At the age of sixteen. D. Before she entered a university.19. A. Because she wanted to make friends with the staff.B. Because she wanted to earn extra money for the summer vacation.C. Because she wanted to get some experience in a hotel.D. Not mentioned.20. The head waiter had a sense of humorB. The woman didn't care much about her appearance.C. The woman was easy-going and carefree.D. The hotel was not far from where they lived.Part II Vocabulary (10%) (10 minutes)Directions: Below each sentence, there are four words marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentenceor that best completes the sentence. Write the corresponding letter onyour Answer Sheet.21. Smith's position in this agency provides him with authority to award contracts and to __ obligations for payment of bills as well.A. incure C. resumeB. support D. incite22. For all her rich experience in practicing law, the lawyor failed to pry much information out of the witness.A. sophisticated C. obstinateB. sober D. gloomy23. Shanghai Orient Men Basketball Team attributed its National League Basketball Tournament in 2002 to a number of factors.A. losing...ominous C. winning...advantageousB. embarrassing...optimistic D. winning...adventurous24. A(n) of employment opportunities prospective employees entering the job market.A. excess...impedes C lack…inspiresB. surfeit...hinder D. dearth...discourages25. Anyone who believes that war is stupid and unnecessary thinks that to lose one's life on the battlefield is .A. glorious C. heroicB. futitle D. courageous26. Unruly people may well become if they are delt with by the people around them.A. composed...respect C. angry...benevolenceB. clam...irritation D. dangerous...favoured27. I was absolutely when I received a C on the exam in mathematics, for I was positive that I could have got an A.A. elated C. incitedB. frustrated D. contented28. In this youthhood, Jack was withdrawn, preferring the company of books to that of people; consequently, in his adulthood Jack was socially .A. successful C tranquil29. Scientists believe that a conclusion which is drawn readily before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated is called .A. insincere C. prematureB. premise D. presumption30. The advancement of science and technology has demonstrated that a fact appearing to contradict to certain theory may actually be a more advanced formulation of that theory.A. consistent with C. eliminated byB. in opposition to D. incompatible with31. Nancy is an advocate of consumer rights and has spent a great part of her professional career attempting to __ the deceitful claims of business companies.A. show onB. show outC. show offD. show up32. The lover of democracy has an towards totalitarianism.A. empathy C. sympathyB. antipalthy D. symphony33. As he has faith in Mary's integrity, Mr. Lee offers to with the president on her behalf concerning the "cheating" matter.A. interrupt C. interjectB. interfere D. intervene34. Jenny's wealth of practical experience and psychological acuity (sharpness) more than her lack of formal academic training.A. compensate for C. speak volumes forB. account for D. make for35. Applied science is discovering ways to use the knowledge of theoretical science.A. concerned about C. concerned forB. combined with D. concerned with36. The former president is to verify at a human rights court heating cases of atrocities.A. testify C. provide37. As is known to all, the rail service now operates without a sum of money granted by the government for assistance.A. bonus C. yieldB. pension D. subsidy38. In the Anti-Japanese War, flexibility and mobility were the features of the Chinese Eighth Route Army and Communist guerrillas.A. characters C. contributesB. attributes D. properties39. As a yieldance to the public outcry, the government reduced the tax on income.A. recession C. concessionB. permission D. possession40. In the dim light, I managed to discern the shadowy figure of a big dog among the trees.A. make off C. make outB. make up D. make overIII. Structure (5%) (10 minutes)Directions: There are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D beneath each sentence. You are to choose the one which can best complete the sentenceif inserted at the blank space. Write the corresponding letter on yourAnswer Sheet.41. If this evil man remained unpunished, our social moral standard .A. will undermine' C. would be underminedB. would undermine D. will be undermined42. Mary' s eyes are red now, she must on hearing the sad news.A. cry C. be cryingB. have been crying D. have cried43. She brought her rage under control, her smiling face her real feeling.A. disguised C. disguiseB. disguising D. to disguise44. The mechanic couldn't operate the machine his efforts.A. for all C. but forB. owing to D. according to45. Eating more nutritious food than is needed doesn't make it function better, overfilling the tank makes a car move faster.A. not more than C. less thanB. no more than D. any more than46. David was so careful on the test that his paper was .A. with some errors C. full of errorsB. free from errors D. not having some errors47. The TV star accompanied by many fans deliver a speech in no time.A. are to C. is toB. are being to D. is being to48. The manager thinks it desirable that some adjustments without delay.A. are made C. be madeB. made D. will be made49. I met with something difficult to deal with and intended to turn to my teachers for help yesterday. I rushed into the officeonly to find not a single teacher there.A. I could consult C. I could consult withB. could I consult on D. could I consult50. revealed the secret?A. Who was it that C. Who was it whoB. It was who that D. It was whom thatIV. Error Identification (5%) (10 minutes)Directions:There are four underlined words or parts marked A, B, C and D in each of the following sentences. Choose the one that you think incorrect, andwrite the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.51. Many motions submitted at the first session of the 10th National People's Congress called forABguarantees of the rights of laid -off workers, migrant labourers except for safeguardsfor theCDnational economy and social security system.52. To meet increasing demand, Shanghai has embarked upon the huge ShanghaiA BHarbour International Passenger Terminal Centre, locating on the City's HuanpuCRiver, at a cost of 3.2 billion yuan.D53. This scenic capital began construction of a massive project comprises a waterA B Cpipeline network and two water processing plants.D54. The training of performers, directors, and designers have been the purpose ofA B CAmerican National Theatre and Academy for over 50 years.D55. The infectious disease was broken out in Hainan that summer and hundreds ofA Bpeople were dead, many children included.C D56. I intended to have her accompany me to the concert yesterday evening, but sheA Brejected my request.C D57. All these dictionaries which have been donated by a publishing house are to beA B C Dused by the students here.58. Were it not for his illness last week, he would have been quite enthusiastic aboutA B Cthe plan and done something for it.D59. So far as the influence of computerization is concerned, nowhere we can see theA Bresults more clearly than in the US, which really have amazed us.C D60. Come in and have a look at the person seated by the window. He is no more a manA B Cthan the one you are looking for.DV. Reading (25%) (60 minutes)Directions: Read the fotlowing five passages carefully, choose the best answer to each question from the four choices given, and then write thecorresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage 1Birds sometimes exhibit benevolent feelings; they will feed the deserted young ones even of distinct species, but this perhaps ought to be considered as a mistaken instinct. They will feed, as shown in an earlier part of this work, adult birds of their own species which have become blind. Mr. Buxton gives a curious account of a parrot which took care of a frost-bitten and crippled bird of a distinct species, cleansed her feathers and defended her from the attacks of the other parrots which roamed freely about his garden. It is a still more curious fact that these birds apparently evince some sympathy for the pleasures of their fellows. When a pair of cockatoos made a nest in an acacia tree "it was ridiculous to see the extravagant interest taken in the matter by the others of the same species." These parrots also evinced unbounded curiosity and clearly had "the idea of property and possession." They have good memories, for in the Zoological Gardens they have plainly recognized their former masters after an interval of some months.Birds possess acute powers of observation. Every mated bird, of course, recognizes its fellow. Audubon states that a certain number of mating thrushes (Mimus polyglottus) remain all the year round in Louisiana, while others migrate to the Eastern States; these latter on their return are instantly recognized and always attacked by their southern brethren. Birds under confinement distinguish different persons, as is proved by the strong and permanent antipath or affection which they show without any apparent cause toward certain individuals. I have heard ofnumerous instances with jays, partridges, canaries, and especially bullfinches. Mr. Husscy has described in how extraordinary a manner a tamed partidge recognized everybody; and its likes and dislikes were very strong This bird seemed "fond of gay colors, and no new gown or cap could be put on without catching his attention." Mr. Hcwitt has described the habits of some ducks (recenfiy descended from wild birds) which at the approach of a strange dog or cat would rush headlong into the water and exhaust themselves in their attempts to escape; but they knew Mr. Hewitt's own dogs and catsso well that they would lie down and bask in the sun close to them. They always moved away from a strange man, and so they would from the lady who attended them if she made any great change in her dress. Audubon relates that he reared and tamed a wild turkey which always ran away from any strange dog; this bird escaped into the woods, and some days afterward Audubon saw, as he tho ught, a wild turkey and made his dog chase it; but to his astonishment the bird did not nm away, and the dog when he came up did not attack the bird, for they mutually recognized each other as old friends.Mr. Jenner Weir is convinced that birds pay particular attention to the colors of other birds, sometimes out of jealousy and sometimes as a sign of kinship. Thus he turned a reed-bunting (Emberiza sehoeniculus), which had acquired its black headdress, into his aviary, and the newcomer was not noticed by any bird except by a bullfinch, which is likewise black-headed_ This bullfinch was a very quiet bird, and had never before quarreled with any of its comrades, including another reed-bunting, which had not as yet become black-headed; but the reed-bunting with a black head was so unmercifully treated that it had to be removed.61. Why does Darwin cite Mr. Buxton?A. To support his theory about birds' powers of observation.B. To support his statement about birds' benevolence.C. To contrast with his own observations of birds,D. Both A and B.62. Why does Darwin mention jays, partridges, canaries, and bullfinches?A. To explain why some birds cannot be trained.B. To educate his reader on types of local birds.C. To contrast with a later discussion of shore birds.D. To support his discussion of birds' memories.63. What does Darwin mean by "a sign of kinship"A. Mark of common parentage.B. Premonition of future union.C. Symbol of compatibility.D. Evidence of family relationship.64. A good title for paragraph 3 might beA. "Different-Colored Birds"B. "Bullfinches and Their Colors"C. "An Example of Color Recognitiion in Birds"D. "Captive Birds"65. The main purpose of this passage is toA. compare three species of birdsB. review current studies of birdsC. compare wild birds to confined birdsD. discuss some traits of birdsPassage 2At the end of what seemed a tedious while, I had managed to pack my head full of islands, towns, bars, "points," and bends; and a curiously inanimate mass of lamber it was, too. However, inasmuch as I could shut my eyes and reel off a good long string of these names without leaving out more than ten miles of river in every filly, I began to feel that I could make her skipthose little gaps. But of course my complacency could hardly get start enough to lift my nose a trifle into the air, before Mr. Bixby would think of something to fetch it down again. One day he turned on me suddenly with this settler:"What is the shape of Walnut Bend?"He might as well have asked me my grandmother's opinion of protoplasm( 原⽣质)。
华东师范大学考博真题清单
华东师范大学考博真题清单华东师范大学考博真题新增清单（把英语排到第一行去）1003日语2012-20161002俄语2012-20161004德语2012-20161005法语2012-2016教育心理学2014中国近现代史2006-2008、2011-20123245西方哲学史（古希腊到至近代）：2008-2015、2017年教育管理学2002-2005、2007年现代西方哲学2007-2010年实验心理学2007-2009、2011、2013-2014、2016-2017年中国哲学史（含近现代）：2007-2015、2017年（2007-2009、2011年有参考答案）城市地理学2012、2014年教育心理学2014A运动训练学2018A2128作文2009、20183321中国现代学术思想史20152115中国古代史2012发展心理学2011（含参考答案）、2013年社会法学2013现当代国际关系史2011 2013有机合成2012区域经济学2016劳动法2013中国近现代政治外交2011中国近现代思想文化史20113306中国古代文化史2012世界政治2011、2013年含参考答案外国教育史2007年高等教育管理学2004教育技术学原理2003经济学原理：2007、2009-2011中国近代经济史2007 20008中国近代社会经济史2012种群生态学1999-2003年2028体育课程与心理学研究：2014、2017-20183034体育与健康研究：2012、2014、2017-20183311中国近现代教育史：2018-20192114中国古代教育史：2018-2019年2098西方哲学史（古希腊到德国古典哲学）：20072058专业基础（经济学院申请考核复试）：2017高等教育学：2012、2019思想政治教育：20193287元明清文学：2017-20182120中国文学史A：2005、2013（缺一道题）、2016-2018年3225唐宋文学：2001-2003、2005、2017-2018年3250先秦文学：2015-2018年3322中国现当代文学史与文艺理论 20182119中国文学批评史2015体育运动心理学2012。
西哲真题2000-2016
华东师范大学2000年外国哲学硕士学位研究生入学试题考试科目：现代西方哲学一，解释下列概念或命题（8*5）1，重新估价一切价值2，先验方法3，语言游戏论4，共时性与历时性5，本真状态与非本真状态6，实验探索方法7，单面的人8，证伪主义二，简答题（2*15）1，萨特如何论述自在的存在与自为的存在之间的关系？2，胡塞尔如何论述哲学应当成为严格科学？三，论述题（30）试论逻辑分析哲学对传统形而上学的批判及其在理论上遇到的困难考试科目：欧洲哲学史一，名词解释和命题（6*5，30）1，原子和虚空2，实在论和唯名论3，知识就是力量4，社会契约论5，普遍的怀疑6，绝对理念二，简答题（2*10，20）1，试述休谟关于人类知识分类的思想。
2，试述斯宾诺莎诺的实体一元论思想三，原著分析题（2*15，30）1，赫拉克利特说：“人不能两次踏进同一条河流。
”克拉底鲁说：“人一次都不能踏进同一条河流。
”问：这两个命题有什么不同的哲学意蕴？2，康德在《未来形而上学导论》36节中说：“自然界的最高立法必须是在我们心中，即在我们的理智中，而且我们必须不是通过经验，在自然中去寻求自然界的普遍法则；而是反过来，根据自然界的普遍的合乎法则性，在存在于我们的感性和理智的经验的可能性的条件中去寻求自然界。
”问：如何解读这段文献？三，论述题（20）柏拉图理念论在一般和个别的关系问题上最大的理论症结是什么？亚里士多德的批判对你理解这个问题有什么启示？华东师范大学2002年外国哲学硕士学位研究生入学试题考试科目：欧洲哲学史一，名词和命题（8*6，48）1，逻各斯2，精神接生术3，上帝存在的本体论证明4，第一性的质和第二性的质5，人是机器6，社会契约论7，绝对精神二，原著分析题（15*2，30）1，休谟在《人类理解研究》的结尾处写道：“我们如果在手里拿起一本书，例如神学书或经院哲学书，那我们就可以问，其中包含着数和量方面的任何抽象论么？没有。
其中包含着关于事实和存在的任何经验的推论么？没有。