吴洋雅思作文课堂笔记(新东方)
新东方雅思网络课堂笔记
新东⽅雅思⽹络课堂笔记阅读⼀、基本技巧1、把⽂章标题读⼀遍。
2、看⼀下题⽬在哪⾥，有些题⽬在⽂章的前⾯，所有选项式List of Headings题⽬都在⽂章的前⾯。
3、在有限的时间内根据题⽬来做题。
根据题⽬来做题时，先看各段⾸句和末句，找出题⽬所在的段落。
4、学术类⽂章段落的⾸句写重点句，末句写总结句。
5、正式考试时，所有题⽬中的单词都是四级词汇，专有名词除外。
6、对于Yes/No/Not given题型，每⼀道题都有考点词和定位词。
注意：考点词判定题⽬的正确性，定位词判断在原⽂的位置。
7、i.e.(that is)的前⾯⼀定是某个主概念，后⾯⼀定是分⽀概念。
8、对于Yes/No/Not given题型，only⼀般为考点词，其答案⼤多数是No，少部分是Notgiven。
9、阅读的速度必须加快，才能提⾼听⼒。
⼆、Summary题型1、填空式Summary，考⽂章中的3～4个⾃然段。
2、选项式Summary，考全⽂总结，其特点为：（1）句⼦短⼩，2～3个句⼦。
（2）空格在2～3个空。
（3）句意简洁明了。
3、空格概率：名词 > 数字 > 时间 > 动词 > 形容词。
如果⼀个空格，既能填动词，⼜能填形容词，⾸先考虑动词。
定冠词和不定冠词不作为词量限制之列，但必须写在空格中，并以括号括之以维持语法精确性。
填空式Summary做题步骤：1、⾸先，确定Summary⽂章在原⽂中的⽅位。
⽅法：（1）看题⽬要求；（2）根据Summary⽂章的⾸末句来判断。
2、确定每个空格的可能语法属性。
3、根据空格前后的信息回原⽂定位寻找。
（1）Summary⽂章的以下部分，在原⽂中不会改变，可作为定位的重要依据。
如：句⼦主语、专有名词、时间状语、地点、⼈名、数字、百分⽐、温度、⾦钱符号、特殊印刷体、特殊标点符号（括号，引号）。
（2）如果是动词+名词，名词是空格，则应该回原⽂定位该动词。
（3）如果是动词+介词+名词，名词是空格，应该回原⽂定位该介词。
新东方作文笔记
新东方作文笔记(强烈推荐)此笔记出自新东方杨煜(winson)老师,这个老师虽然名气不大,但我感觉他的课讲得很好,很负责任.这个笔记一共分四个课时.因为他讲课喜欢穿插的讲,也就是说讲到综合部分的阅读时会讲一些写作的方法,所以我整理了一下分为综合部分,独立部分. 在这四个课时里他讲了很多写作的技巧.以及他在接受ETS培训的时候ETS明确提出的一些问题(ETS明确提出的地方我会标注),个人觉得对大家的写作帮助很大.PART I 综合部分.重点:1.词语:同义词的变化很重要,不断的用相同的词语(除了中心词和无法变换的词语)要扣分.→Webster电子软件同义词词典2.格式:每一段的开头不空格,段与段间空行.每一段的开头空四格,段与段间不空行.3.特别提示:正式文体书写最好不要用缩写.→can’t=cannot don’t=do not (这是ETS明确提出的)4.每一段的分论点应该是由听力开头,而不是阅读.→虽然OG上有阅读开头的范文,但是最好不要这么写.5.阅读部分不可抄原文,论点要用自己的话重新总结(ETS明确指出)6.这个部分的开头并无实际的意义,所以如果要写的话最好有一个15-20词的长句.7.阅读文章如果来不及看,反应背景的部分可以扫过,因为它与topic sentence无关,之后用1分钟提论点,然后再话1分半钟来看论点后面的论述.最后半分钟用来推测(这个后面会讲到).8.听力中表示反驳的词汇除了常见的那些but/however等还有new/today/change等.如果听力中有设问,那么它的答案一定要听清楚明白.9.写作的时候给出了听力中分论点后同样需要例子来支持.一般听力中讲的时候后有例子,这个也需要记录下来..需要训练的技巧:在读阅读的时候就要会推测听力的论点.哪怕推得不完全对也要推.如果你无法推测就说明两种情况:1.阅读中的论点没有找到.2.文章确实是无法推测. 关于这点是winson特意花了时间训练我们的.也就是说这点可能在综合写作的部分确实是很重要.我就拿3.10号的考题来举个例子吧.阅读说到speed cameras可以用来取代police.三点:1.限制司机的驾车速度.2.取代警察.3.为court提供更确切的证据找到这三个论点之后你推测你就往反的方向想就可以了.1.也许speed camera未必可以限制车速; 2.可能因为种种原因它未必可以取代警察; 3.同样因为种种原因它未必可以为traffic court提供便利.这么做看上去很简单,实际上它是有一定潜在的好处的:1.帮助加深考生对阅读中论点的印象.2.有助于在听力中更集中精力. 在听听力之前,考生往往想知道自己的推测是不是正确.在听的时候如果推对的话就要集中听那个”种种原因”到底是什么原因.如果推错的话就会更仔细的听到底它给出的是什么论点.这里需要注意的是,不论是推对了还是推错了都要镇定的听下去,不要太兴奋或者是太失落!!!PART II 独立部分这个部分winson讲的有点散,我就分条列出来好了!先讲一下ETS对这个部分是怎么评分的.1.对比----改卷老师手边上都有从1分到满分的样本答案,改的时候这些样本答案是摊在桌上的.通过对比判断你大概是哪个分数档次.这个步骤主要是看文章的字数,结构,句子的平均长度(这个在下面会说到)以及主题句.winson说这个步骤是很重要的,如果文章给人感觉是3分档的,那么在仔细看过之后就算写得比3分档好一般也就3+,最多到4分档.所以第一印象很重要.2.句子长度----ETS有专门的计算句子平均长度的机器.计算方法是:总的字数/句子数=句子的平均长度.一般平均长度在13-18词/句为佳.也就是说长句子不能太多,一般短句应该比长句多一点.3.议论段的浏览---ETS指明好的文章应该是第一段主体段的长度>第二段主体段的长度>第三段主体段的长度.(也就是说三个议论段的字数要有明显的递减趋势,最重要的最中心的写在第一段)重点技巧:1.符号的多样性----可多用引号,连字符,问号,感叹号. ETS明确指出连字符有加分.30分里面加1分.连字符有几种简单的构成方法:(a.)表示”再”的时候用re-,比如说re-exam; (b.)数字+n. 比如:five-layer; (c.)可用连字符表示大规模,大范围等等.后面加scale.比如:large-scale price ; (d.)几分之几. 比如:one-fifth. 同样的,多用设问句可以加强文章的生动性.比如:Can you guess the ending of this story? When the project failed, the blame was placed on all the members of the group. 再者说,引号可以用来表示(a.)否定,讽刺; (b.) 引用;(c.)强调.2.单词的难度和级别要一致.也就是说不能一个高中词汇,一个GRE词汇.3.对于举例的要求: 2 examples→ETS指明一个example是不足以说明问题的.最好是两个examples都用短事例.要lay-out,而不是deep reasoning. 同时,在example后面最好用一个长句来解释example,也就是说这个example怎么证明了你的topic sentence.4.不论是综合部分或者是独立部分,都要遵守短语优先原则.但是这里的短语必须要有把握才能用.5.写的时候最好是不要用过于绝对的或者是尖锐的词汇,比如说must, should,everyone,everytime.多用像likely, probobly, perhaps,more or less, sometimes, in a way, in the sense这样没有说死的词汇/词组.6.能用修辞的时候可以适当的用点修辞,但必须在有把握能用对的情况下才能用.比如: ateam of people attack the project.7.多用代词,代词是最好的过渡词,可以加强句子的连贯性.8.灵活使用词汇.可将n.→v. 例如:surface不一定要用做n. 还可以做v.关于句式的问题.1.把能打开的词组或者是搭配拉得越开越可体现文字的表达能力.比如:A group of people has a wider range of knowledge,expertise, and skills than any singleindicidual is likely to possess.2.关于句子的强调: 多用新奇的强调,一些老调强调,比如not only…but also/ it is that….要多用了.因为中国学生一般强调就是这么两种方式,人家也看得烦了!可以用一些比较少见的强调方式.(a.)用and 连接两个拼写不同但是意思相同或者是相近的词语.比如:problems and issues.(b.)Not only ….but also的改写:not only x but x……例如: To get his or her contributions andideas not only recognized but recognized as highly significant.(c.)用逗号连接两个形容词表示强调. 比如:it took many, many meetings to build theagreement.(这个方法我个人比较汗…..)3.尽量不要用no ,not, none等表示否定.用free from/little等代替.4.为了丰富符号,插入语的两个逗号可以用破折号代替.开头立场的问题:1.合格的:立场2.完美的:在主题句中暗示了2.3.4.段的主要内容,有立场,有原因.例如:While there is still hunger, poverty, and illiteracy on Earth, our resources should be focused not in outer space.3. 不要用谁的优点大于谁这种句子做为观点.因为没有立场.谁的观点大于谁, 并不代表你就支持那个优点多的.。
雅思作文课堂笔记
Opening 模版句型1 The graph(s) and chart(s) tell/illustrate/display/explain to/show/unfolds/give us aclear picture/overview/ of the characteristics and trendsof__________.2 As is shown/displayed/revealed in the graph(s) and chart(s) (respectively), thenumbers/amounts/percentages of_____surged/fluctuated/differed/varieddramatically/(comparatively) gently/graduallyfrom___to___/during___and___.3 It can be seen /It is clear from thetable(s)/diagram(s)/figure(s) that______.4 According to the chart(s) and graph(s),____________________.5 A glance at the ______ of______ reflects great similarities/differences/surge/dipbetween___and___.Example:A This bar chart displays the number of men and women enrolled in futureeducation in Britain during three periods.B It is immediately apparent from the diagram that in 1970 the professions inMalaysia were almost totally dominated by men.C As is revealed in the diagram, the number of hours per week spent on unpaidwork is unequally distributed between men and women.D According to the bar chart, the number of men and women enrolled in highereducation in Britain show a number of trends.E A glance at four indicators of economic and social conditions in four countries,Canada, Japan, Peru and Netherlands, in 2001 reflects the great differences thatexist between wealthier and poorer nations.表示超过的单词补充1．exceed/surpass/overtake (后面直接跟数字)：The final cost should not exceed 5 million dollars.2．outnumber/outscore (指一种事物的数字超过另一种数字，后面不直接跟数字)：In our office the females outnumber the males: 5 to 3.3．outweigh/outperform: (指价值超过另一种事物):The advantages outweigh the drawbacks.with介词状语后置的用法•The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power.•But hydro power contributed only 5 units.•The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro power which contributed only5 units.•真题例句：The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only5 units.with介词状语后置的用法: 练习•These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s.•Europe had as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation.•These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe which had as much as 9.8% ofdegradation due to deforestation.•真题例句：These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having as much as9.8% of degradation due to deforestation.E.g. Between 1940 and around 1960, the proportion of elderly people in the Western countries showed/saw an upward trend, with (that of )Sweden increasing more rapidly from about 7% to 9 % while the figure for Japan experienced/witnessed a downward trend, decreasing rapidly from 5% to only 3%.~~With 介词状语后置的主要用途是它可以把很多有相似性的数值归纳在一起(前半句)，并突出其中有特点的一些数值 (后半句)Table以图十六为例首先确定表格题描写的顺序。
新东方雅思笔记汇总 共40页
新东方ielts笔记汇总一．雅思考试介绍听力：听力教材、英语中级听力阅读：整理难句笔记本——摘抄分析写作：图表作文——柱状图、饼状图、曲线图、表格——上面有百分比、数据、固定的时间段，善于从现象中发现规律，趋势，提炼，升华，得出结论——科研能力口语：1.自信：不要太介意语音语调，语法，允许犯错误，关注内容，体态语言，2.小心陷阱。
要时刻注意沟通，符合生活逻辑。
不要忘记提问卡上的问题逻辑顺序。
3.3.争取主动。
4.4.有备而来。
在很大程度上可以预测。
二：写作总的指导5堂课：1.总的知道2.写作流程，问题极其对策（审题）——重点第二篇3.审题，指令，展开。
4.书信作文。
5.图表作文。
本身内容和语言。
最后总的串讲。
范文作用：吸取语言的营养，不能机械背诵。
三：写作总论1．用书面语言2．题目中有单词不认识：它可能是不重要的，或联系上下文可以知道意思，实在看不明白就抓住看得懂的部分做文章。
3．时间概念很重要。
重点在第二篇。
先写第二篇（写对位置）。
4．字数：第一篇至少140字（10到12句话）。
第二篇至少250字（15到18句话）。
5．四大原则：1.图表作文重点在描述，不要随意解释，根据文字可以复原图表。
2.要让考官觉得你的思路非常清晰，要有“路标行标”，承上启下的短语结构词。
3.中心论点由几个分支论点支持。
并提供证据。
4.7分必须有复杂句子结构（并列句、复合句、非谓语动词形式）；用词面宽一点，尽量不要多次重复。
第一篇用3个复杂结构，第二篇用5—7，个复杂结构。
四：作业21页task5 versionC(多少个字，多少句话，每一段由几句话组成，找语法错误，评论结构布局) 74页task2 严格按照40分钟写。
针对十个问题的思考1．情感分段和逻辑分段首先晾出观点，罩住一个自然段，2．文章中心思想句是读者体会（中文）还是作者交代（英文）——第一段就说3．3．引言段（开头第一段）是开门见山（英文）还是层层剥开（中文）议论文不可以太长，第一段只能3——5句话4．段落主题句有（英文）没有（中文）不要把每个主题句分散在不同处，在第一句写5．线性段落（英文）还是螺旋性段落（中文）说出来——为什么这样说6．人证（中文）与法证（英文）强调事实、数据、普通人事件、该领域专家7．一般具体（英文）还是曲折前进（中文）8．段内连贯：过渡词语（英语）还是词义重复（中文）英语：形式语言中文：意合语言for,obviously,turnout,asaresult,and,intheend英语靠过渡词的衔接、词汇的纽带、语法的照应9．段落之间的连贯：形和义10．结尾部分是概括（英文）还是训导（中文）新东方雅思阅读笔记Summary做法I．确定summary的首末句在原文中的位置;根据题目要求;根据首末句来判断II．分析每个空格的可能语法属性III．根据空格前后的相关信息回原文锁定答案1.Summary中的以下成分不会改变：A.专有名词B.时间状语、时间C.地点D.人名E.数字及百分比F.金钱符号G.特殊印刷体及标点符号2．如果是动词+名词，名词是空格，则回原文定位该动词3．如果是动词+介词+名词，名词是空格，则回原文先定位介词，再定动词+介词结构4．如果是动词+介词+名词+定状补或同位语a.同3b.空格后的成分在原文中不会改变5．名词+谓语+宾语，a.回原文定位与空格后的谓语一致的语法结构b.宾语一般不会改变完成句子做法I．分析需完成部分的语法结构II．分析已给出句子的中心词，分为定位中心词及句意关键词1．定位中心词a)专有名词b)时间及地点c)人名、数字及百分比d)金钱符号、特殊印刷体、特殊标点符号2．句意关键词a)句子的主语和谓语b)空格前的介词及助动词c)空格前的情态动词d)空格前的形容词e)句子中的比较成分f)句子中的否定及肯定成分III．回原文定位填空选项式I．类型：1．须完成部分的语法属性单一2．须完成部分的语法属性多元II．做法：1．分析每个选项的语法属性2．分析题目的语法属性3．进行选项与题目的语法归类4．如有可能回原文定位TrueFalseNotGiven(audiy)I.做法1.准确理解题意a)语法主谓宾确定b)是否有好坏、优劣、快慢判断c)是否有only判断d)是否有比较e)是否有范围比较2．预设否命题（Alternative）(audiy)3．划出已给出句子的中心词回原文定位4．阅读比较5．中心词分为定位中心词及句意关键词：见前笔记II．基本概况1．是语言考试而非逻辑判断2．不涉及比喻及修辞3．不涉及文化差异4．不涉及复杂的时态与语态变化5．范围考点只有only,all及most6．IELTS中TFNG中的所有金钱符号、时间及数字都只涉及精确程度而非范围判断7．范围判断：NG：a.Timewilltellb.设问句而不做回答;a+1nolessthana相当于8．原文中有itispredicted(expected,anticipated)that题目中有real,truth,fact则答案为：False9．原文中有条件状语从句或表明条件的固定搭配If(Providedthat),butfor(exceptfor)Ifnot(Unless),butthat(exceptthat)或表明条件限制的介词短语及形容语短语题目中去除任何条件限制答案为：False10．Only原则A．原文有三个形容词：various,versatile,complete题目中部分，则答案为FalseB．原文中A+B+C，题目中只有A、B或C，则答案为FalseC．原文中A事物或A状态题目中只有A事物或A状态答案：NG11．原文中有vow,promise,swear,pledge+动作状态题目中去除以上的限定，则答案为：NOTGIVEN(audiy)12．原文对理论学科加以限定（领域及范围、人名、国名及时间）题目中去除以上限制，答案为：FalseMatching题：一、类型1．人名及理论2．概念及定义3．完成句子的Matching二、各种类型的题的做法1．人名及理论a．首先分析意义理论的中心词b．回原文按人名的排列顺序阅读，理论一般在固定动词后的宾语从句中段落首末的人名及理论是重要考点c．中心词对应，原文及题目的中心词对应2．概念及定义a．首先确定概念在原文中的方位概念的排列对应原文段落顺序递增b．分析每道题目的意义中心词c．回原文按照概念的顺序阅读d．中心词对应Listofheadings类型1．10个选项，5-6个段落，选项标在段落后面2．5-6个已给出标题，段落标号写在题目后面注意：1．阅读主标题2．任何选项在真实考试中都只有一次选项，首先将example选项划去主要做法一、首先分析选项以及已给出标题哪些选项是文章超始段落选项哪些选项是文章结尾段落选项1．起始选项a．名词+of+文章主标标concept,conception,definition,explanation,notion,core,essence,justification, whatis+文章标题b．动词+文章主标题，代表文章首段标题defy,justify(audiy)c．形容词+名词+of+文章主标题basic,intrinsic,fundamental+factors,elements2．结尾选取项名词+of+文章主题effect,impact,consequence,generalization,conclusion3．哪些选项是文章的中间段落选项A．所有的比较选项都是中间选取项Compare,contrast,similar,match,coincide…with,contraryto,oppositeto,versus,akin…to,alien …toB．金钱符号指示词Wage,income,cost,expense,expenditure,revenueC．统计数字指示词data,figure,demography,demographic,statistic,censusD．百分比指示词rate,ratio,percentage,proportion,density(audiy)E．时间指示词decide,generation,ages,longtime,longterm,longtradition,longprocess,longprocedureF．分岐概念的定义及补充说明一定在中间段落二、如何阅读首末段1．阅读首末句，要关注首末句的语法成份A．主谓宾分布B．肯定与否定关态C．比较级状态D．是否定定义句型2．如果首末句是疑问句或都是描述性语句都要忽略不记，要其后的论点句作为标题选项的重要依据3．如果段落中有example或者example句型，要example前的论点句及其后的总结句4．如果段落中有人名及理论，则该理论也是标题选项的主要依据三、如何阅读整段1．要注意段落中的特殊印刷体及特殊标点符号（），“”2．要注意段落中表明转折的连词yet,but,however3．要注意段落中表明顺序的连词4．要注意段落中表明因果的固定搭配resultin,resultfrom,derivefrom,stemfrom,describeto.新东方听力笔记这是一套最新新东方听力笔记，希望有时间的朋友还是多研习一下，在方法上还是有很多提高成绩的捷径的。
下册第二单元作文课堂笔记
下册第二单元作文课堂笔记During the second unit of the lower grade, we focused on the theme of family. We discussed the importance of family in our lives and how it impacts our growth and development.在下册的第二单元中，我们专注于家庭这一主题。
我们讨论了家庭在我们生活中的重要性，以及它对我们的成长和发展的影响。
First and foremost, one of the key points we discussed was the role of family in shaping our values and beliefs. Our family environment plays a crucial role in the formation of our moral compass and our understanding of right and wrong.首先，我们讨论的一个关键点是家庭在塑造我们的价值观和信仰方面所起的作用。
我们的家庭环境在形成我们的道德指南和对是非的理解方面起着至关重要的作用。
Furthermore, we also delved into the impact of family dynamics on our emotional well-being. The quality of our relationships with family members greatly affects our mental and emotional health, and it isimportant to cultivate positive and nurturing connections within our family unit.此外，我们还深入探讨了家庭动态对我们情感健康的影响。
新东方雅思笔记
、不要再用more and more了；该词组被评为中国恶俗词组榜第一！！老师说。
可以用a growing number of..2、inevitable。
不可避免。
3、should/would/could/may/might；为什么要用这个5个词？首先，语气比较委婉，不会很肯定，显的谦虚；其次，可以不考虑动词的形式；所以这五个词被称为最贱的词。
4、physically beneficial身体健康；副词+形容词的表达方式，比较好看，接下来也会有举例；5、worldwide/globly/internationally famous 举世闻名6、科技类作文；科技发展。
outlineFOR：Convenient&efficient 方便、高效Enrich lifestyle 丰富生活Environmentlly friendly（副词修饰形容词）绿色环保AGAINST：Physically harmful/detrimental 危害健康Negative impact on the youth 危害青少年Insecurity of information 信息不安全7、开头方法一：BackgroundCon troversy (2 different/opposite ideas)As/Being a controversial issue，。
作为有争议的问题。
Now days，the issue on。
is highly debatable，and ideas vary from person to person。
不同的人有不同的观点。
（不要用different people 。
）Some would claim 。
，while some others may suggest。
一些人认为。
另一些人认为。
Some would claim。
，while the idea。
is still held by some others。
雅思小作文笔记
线图：例：Direction: You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task.The graph contains information about the price in US dollars ofa barrel ofoil from 1995 with predictions to 2015.Summarize the main features and make comparisons where relevant.开头段：转述原题+时态永远是一般现在时■改变关键词的词性■改变关键词的位置a 同义词替代■灵活加入图表中的其它文字信息The graph provides information about the changes of crude oil price per barrel in US dollars since 1995 and predicts the tendency of the oil price till 2015.开头段常用词汇：Thegraph/the chart/theline graph shows …The graph give past and future dataconcerning …Thegraph demonstratestrends in/an overview of/trends in . …Shows: indicates/ unfolds/ displays/ reveals/ reflects/ relates/ illustrates/ demonstrates/ describes/depicts/portray/outlines/ provide an overview of…例：The graphs below show the enrolments of overseas students and local students in Britain's universities.The graphs provide information about the proportions of overseas students and local students enrolled in Britain's Universities from 1989 to 1999.主体部分1+X句：第一句总结总体趋势，之后分步描述(起点，极值，终点)。
雅思作文-100句第3次课31-45句翻译笔记
31. 政府提供一些城市很多资金去保护历史建筑（historic buildings）。
正确的句子：Governments should offer some cities funds to preserve historic buildings.我的句子：Governments provide some cities with funds to protect可以使用只是和preserve 有一点点的区别historic buildings.Government 可数名词不可裸奔。
若出现The governments 则是上文提及到一些国家，the 为限定，特指那些国家的政府提供：offer sb sth / offer sth to sb. provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb政府资金：Government funds 虽然加s 但仍不可数，通常以复数出现或者是government funding保护：preserve 让….免受伤害，有保存意protect为保护意。
Historic：有历史意义的historical：历史的Allocate 为分配的意思在写大作文的时候可以用在这句话里不太符合语义建议用offer或者provideMuch 一般出现在否定或疑问中，建议改为a large amount ofBuilding 为可数名词不能裸奔改：Governments should provide cities with funds to protect historic buildings32. 学校应该允许老师强制捣蛋的小孩离开教室。
正确的句子：Teachers should be permitted to use force to remove disruptive children from the classroom.我的句子：Schools should allow teachers to force the naughty淘气的意思children to leave 是go away 的意思一般是人主动离开the classroom.Disruptive：造成麻烦，使事情不按正常方式进行，有扰乱课堂意，更加恰当Allow sb to do sth 允许做某事强制：force sb to do sth （vt / n）此处用的是名词形式。
雅思课堂笔记
环球雅思高分周末班课堂笔记(学术类)Reading/Listening评分标准表：Reading/Listening5.5 19-226.0 23-266.5 27-297.0 30-317.5 32-348.0 35-368.5 37-389.0 39-40Listening注意听降调，重读，被重复注意连读：In eighteen … [ei]In nineteen … [ai]1. Note-taking题一心二意，单词拼写与发音Do not: 翻译，中文，全神贯注第4个字母是p,b,m，前面都是com, 剩下的都是con, 除了：comfortable听数字时，注意：8和9，50和15，“1+2”只听数字，忽略thousand, million…0．508：naught point five o eight$9.5 nine dollar fifty2. 地图题：找箭头，读参照物，绝对+相对，形状+大小：square, round, circle, sphere...3. 主观题：pre: 划路标词找“关系”：并列：and, 并列符号因果：for, so…路标词后，注意：语音，语调：降调，重读，被重复；空格前后的单词；下一题的路标词记录，不要拼写单词注意格式：名词：单复数，大小写Venue = place = where 一律大写，name, course课程名大写4. 表格题：路标词是时间均为间接给出有so后就有答案5. 判断题：（考点）数字（19，90；8，9；数字后名词偷换）；否定词（hardly, little, never…）; 比较，最高级；动宾搭配；绝对词（every, none, only, must）; 相对词if, sometimes; 情态动词6. 单选题：时间，城市无法AB重现选项区别大：正确答案肯定在题干后（先浏览题干），通常AB重现（语序调整意义不变，核心词，同意词<adj,n>）干扰选项：语音干扰…this means…答案已过去错误搭配Not given备注：所谓AA重现：题目与原文基本一致，照搬过来；AB重现：同义，近义，反义，上下义（从属关系）7. 多选题：AB重现+被否定并列连词后anything else?熟悉被选项，耳到眼到一连串的被选项同时被提到，第一个被提及通常是正确选项，答案跟并列词后8. 配对题Matching词性配对，题干定位Section 1 Interview Q-A, Discussion Q-A‟-A‟‟-A（最后原则，最后被确定的是答案，so后）填空，注意字数，尽量用原文，冠词，程度副词可省略S3 Q-A-SummarySo, why not, just say 后永远有答案时间安排：最先2‟30看S3，S4题干，当example的答案听到第2遍时开始回头看S1 S1听力中明辨是非，限制词性及内容ReadingSkills: SQSRC（一定要看！！！很有用的阅读步骤，平行阅读法,千万不要看完一整篇后做题）1.Skim 1-2‟大标题，段首句（1，2段必看，后面可挑看）2.Question 精读一个Q，划信号词（大写，引号，括号，数字，人名，地名，时间，专有名词，特殊名词，特殊状态名词…）3.Scan (根据信号词回原文寻)语言重现AA,AB,AC(句子内部和句子之间的关系的重现;因果,转折,比较)4.Read carefully 精读上下句5.Check and confirm 规范(审题,语法);心理概况: A类先找信号词,定位再答题3篇文章60分钟内完成词汇量要求:7000-8000题型: 重点:选择,Summary, TF/NG, Heading主旨题次重点: 图表, SAQ, SC, Matching1.Multiple Choice原则: 1) 我没选绝对词(90%): have to, never, only…2) 我没选”比较”比较级,最高级,<,>,干扰项3) 我的选项留有余地may, could, might, sometimes, perhaps4) D选项为ALL, 2条件必选ALL: A,B,C不相干; 出处有表示列举的词:and, also, another, additional, other, apart from, as well, in addition to5) 当题干短, 分析归类选项, 再验证6) D选项为NONE, 2步走: 文中划出所有A.B或其共同成分; 逐一验证其限定成分文中出现数字: 20%考点,20%信号词,60%垃圾,看大小即可2.Summary看语法,理思路短文首句要精读, 起止位置要明确,留意AB重现(包括非空格部分), 生词可照搬,有时调整顺序和主被动关系分类: 续写,有选项; 改写(几乎全文,有选项; 2,3段,无选项; 不知道几段)3.判断形式: TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN; YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 答案要写全,写准确（YES和TRUE要分清，不能混写，不能缩写Y/T）定义: T Passage 与Question吻合F PQ 矛盾,冲突NG 未提及;有提及,但不相关,既不吻合,也不矛盾,证据不充分,不足以判断,不确定,不知道原则:其他条件不变: P小,Q 大, EG. Influence > reduce, T/Y其他条件不变: P 大, Q 小NGF: PQ明显矛盾(正反词,否定)不明显矛盾,PQ不能够同时成立NG: P主观, Q客观P用主观词(predict, assume…) Q去掉主观词,且不加委婉词(can,will,may…)总量与部分无关补充: NG不占多数,一次做两题,比较时要慎重(比较双方,比较点,比较方向; 3者一致---T,前2要素一致,第3要素相反---F; Q中比较,P中不比没比---NG)注意修饰语的明显差别PQ 在数量,范围,频率,程度,可能性上存在明显差别P: SOME Q: ALL ----F4.Heading划例子,划段落精读所有选项,划信号首末句精读,第2句兼顾,中间浏览对比分析定答案注意:先细节后主旨;正确选项通常为原文主题句的AB重现若某选项与原文某些字词AA重现,一般不选不能重复选印刷体书写罗马数字5.图表题:定位3步法: 定位到某段,某句,某词6.Matching形式: TIME/EVENTS G类CAUSE/ EFFECTPEOPLE/OPPIONCONCEPT/ EXPLAINA TIONPRODUCER/ PRODUCTORGANISITION/ FUCTION G类Detail & ParagraphWhich paragraph contains the following information? 最后做注意:乱序节省时间:做题前尽可能一次性记住所有题干的关键词题干通常AA,选项通常AB可以重复选7.Short answer Question看清楚疑问词,完整句: 首字母大写,成分:小写即可8.Sentence Completion有选项:先语法后意义Writing20‟+40‟2种写法：段首顶格,段与段间隔一行(better) / 段首空4个英文字符段与段不空行Task 120分钟内写完分清什么图----找研究对象----2大审题方法Picture常考：A. Line graph / Curve chart 曲线图Bar chart / Column diagram 柱形/条形图Pie chart 饼图B. Flow chart 流程图一般分3段，尽可能用被动语态，不用第一人称A时态：Part 1 Simple Present（现在所见的）Part 2 Simple past （the changes itself in the past）Part 3 Simple present (现在所看到的趋势)Basic Pattern:连接手段必须有“如图所示”；四大要素，首段末句点题Part 1 4 major factors: pictures, objects, time, and dataPart 2 4 changes (textual level) + 6 comparisons (sentence level)Part 3 小结+趋势(上升或下降)4 changes: 升降波平6 comparisons:分比；比率；倍；分（1/3）；数值；排位place, positionBFlow chart: 一般现在时，中间多用被动语态Part 1 2-3 major factors: pictures, objects, given conditions, (materials given)Part 2 Process described: Passive被动（with connectives: step / stage）Part 3 Result indicated两大审题方法：切割分析法就明显的曲线形状进行切割分段（2条线不在一条直线上，2条线不属于同类变化）；迅速标上段号和点号，点>段（如下图，4点3段）1 2 3 4简易图示法如：3块饼图，每块有ABCD4个对象，则分别对这4个对象进行分析，看其各在1-2，2-3图中的变化趋势（上升或下降）Task 2 40分钟完成高分词汇：AA，AB重现；连字符词语: win-win situation; 名词化短语；一词多义的单词：bridge n. / vt. Brave adj. / vt. 勇敢面对六大结构：后置定语；排比句not only… but also…等；同位语；名词性从句；虚拟语气；否定兼倒装：Only in this way can we…; Not only verb + subjectFirst and Last注意首句和末句；首段和末段；每段的首句和末句五种题型：(1side一分写法，正或反面选其一；2side两分写法，正反面都要写，易拿高分)Do you agree /disagree? What is your opinion? (1/2-side)观点性辩论文To what extent do you agree or disagree? (1/2-side)Discuss both sides… (2-side)现象/说明性论述文Problem-Solution (Why-Because, Causes-Effects) (2-side)General-Particular (2-side)1 辩论文（一分法/二分法）一分法完全赞成/反对Part 1 我同/反间接或直接点题Part 2 同/反1同/反2 理由，举例Part 3 我同/反二分法7-8分1 2 3Part 1 我同/反/中立间接点题Part 2 同同反反反同Part 3 我同/我反/中立我同我反3种写法：势均力敌同=反先扬后抑同>反先抑后扬同<反第一种“同=反”比较难写，不要轻易尝试Part 1 首段末句必须中立点题Part 2 中间部分必须互反：利弊，迟早，新旧，今昔对比互反Part 3 末段首句必须明确表态（赞成/反对）2．论述文Question-Answer PatternPart 1 WhatPart 2 Why1Why2Part 3 How常考话题：新技术，电脑代替传统的工具等；教育；环境资源；家庭；交通；政府资助Speaking尽量多说复杂句，定语从句，虚拟语气等1. General topics 4-5min “warm-up” familiar topics个人情况等等强调adj. Adv. Number. negative名词动词比喻修饰2. Particular topics 说1-2min 之前1min准备3．Abstract questions 4-5min Discuss!!!万能话题：旅游a place；平凡的人；名人；书最新雅思大作文不变应万变语篇通式Mighty Writing[Given Info Analysed on the Textual and lexical Levels]:[Chinese Version]:[English Version]:Analysed and Written by Prof HAN Pinyu in Nanjing Global IELTS School, on April 2, 2007Writing 写作模板最好不要全部照搬，有能力自己做点修改，使其个性化很大程度上：to a large extent, in a great/large degree, for the most part很小程度上：to some extent, in some degree, for some part/partly/in partTask 1除流程图外：As can be seen from the picture(table/figure/diagram/ line graph/bar chart/pie chart), it illustrated (shown) explicitly (obviously) X (that X covers the years/months from … to …).According to / In accordance with the figures / data (dada无复数) given in the picture, X significantly (greatly/ dramatically/ noticeably) fell from … to … in 19.. to in 19.., whereas. Also / Moreover / Furthermore from the picture it can be seen that there was a sharp decline / increase from…, while…. Based upon / Relying on the figures / data given in the picture, it started / had its starting point at … in 19.., reached the highest point / peaked at … in 19.. and gave its finishing point / finished at …in 19..; on the contrary, …. In addition to / What is more what has previously been referred to , the remaining / rest of all the figures (the other figures) did not indicate/ display/ show a noticeable increase or decrease; on the other hand/ in contrast,…From not only what was demonstrated in the picture but also what has been mentioned/specified or described earlier in the passage, it can be seen very clearly that there is (seems/appears to be用seem/appear不能用clearly) a tendency which is on the (gradual/ remarkable) increase/ decline (of object)….流程图：As can be seen/ shown from the picture/ flow chart, it illustrates/ shows explicitly/obviously X. There are some conditions/materials given in the picture…. The general process which concerns/ involves several/some cycles will be described/ conveyed as follows.In the first stage,…Next is the second stage in which…After that we have the third stage where…Finally in Stage Four…From not only what was demonstrated/showed in the picture but also what has been mentioned earlier in the passage, it can be seen very clearly that only in this way or by this kind of process can (subject: Oil)… be made or produced.Task 2:1 - Side:There, nowadays/ at the present/ currently, exists a heated/ hotly debated discussion on …(Title).Some people maintained the idea that,…Unfortunately, other people hold the opinion that… I back/support/side with/take the side of/ do (dis)agree with the idea that…(直接)/ I share the idea with the former/latter, which is that…(间接).One (dis)advantage which can be clear/obvious/explicit to everyone is that…In fact…Let us take one example/ for example/instance… Let us have another example…. Let us give/ render/ present/ illustrate/ demonstrate/ show still another example…Explicitly/ clearly/ apparently/ indeed/ undoubtedly….Another negative/positive side which must be considered/ given consideration to is that…As a matter of fact… For example….Take the as another example… Take it as a case in point…It is self-evident that…. One /The first/ The main reason which can be clear/obvious/explicit to everyone is that… Another/ The second factor which must be given consideration to is that…. Still another/ the third rationale which we must attach importance/attention to is that….2 - Side:At present there is a hot topic which never ever fails to provoke a heated discussion on….Some are firmly in favor of the opinion or notion that…does great harm to …. Yet others/ other people are firmly assured/fully convinced that…Before my opinion is given or presented it would be better for me to discuss/have a detailed discussion on both sides as follows.We should highlight the notion that…since there are several reasons for us to say that. One reason.... Another reason… (Facts stated/ Example given可以参照前面一分法的模板斜体字部分) From what has been mentioned before/previously/initially, it can be seen explicitly that…Seemingly/ Unfortunately, we should rethink the idea that……… (Facts stated/ Examples given). So it can be seen explicitly or self-evident that…Personally I am strongly in support of the idea or the circumstance that… (Solution: It is about time that…did …. Only in this way can …)Problem – Solution Pattern:首段末段与1/2分法类似，中间两段陈述理由，举例，如：One/ the first/main reason that can be clear/obvious/explicit to everyone is …. To start/begin with …In addition …Furthermore/What is more….(Let us take one example…Let us have another example…….) It is clear/evident that ….Another/the second reason that must be considered/given consideration to is… In the first place …. In the second place/next place …. Then … Finally… From what has been mentioned previously, we can see very clearly/explicitly that….写作真题（选择一些常考题，可平时模拟练习，具体请参考雅思机井）050108IeltsA Task 2: We can get knowledge from news, but some people think we can’t trust the journalist. What‟s your opinion? And what do you think is the important qualities that a journalist should have?050122IeltsA Task 2: The recent figure of crimes committed by the young people is increasing in major cities throughout the world. Discuss what the possible reasons for this problem are and how to solve it.050219IeltsA Task 2: Leisure is a growing industry. Nowadays, more modern technology used in entertainment. This may lead people to less creative. Do you agree or disagree?050226IeltsA Task 2: Nowadays people perform the everyday task such as banking, shopping as well as business transaction, without meeting person face to face. What are the possible social effects upon the individual and society as a whole?050312IeltsA Task 2: It is generally believed that education is of vital important to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies. What should education consist of to fulfill both these functions?050402IeltsA Task 2: The pressure upon the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed to work too hard for their young age. Do you think it is positive or negative for their development?050416IeltsA Task 2: The advantages of the spread of English as a global language will continue to outweigh its disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree?050709IeltsA Task 2: Some people think that the government should pay for health care and education, but other people think that it is nor government‟s responsibility. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.050806IeltsA Task 2: Many people say that we have developed into a “throw-away”culture, because we are filling up our environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. To what extent do you agree with this opinion and what measures can you recommend reducing this problem?好词好句A. Classification of Topic Area s—社会是一个更加概括的词，表示的也许是在一个国家的人民及他们相互间的关系。
新东方老师教你写作笔记
一、Integrated writing1)Read a passage(3 minutes/250---300 words)勿照抄，要改写2）Listen to lecture(2.5---3 minutes)听到啥，就写啥3）Made summary(20 minutes/150---225 words)标点之后要空格二、Independent writing1)Topic pool2)Develop an essay3)300 words +504)30 minutes—5①sb do sth,then do sth,and then do sth②不省略关联词③不能简单使用模版④句法多用，准确词汇选择⑤固定搭配the girl though herself on meThroughout my life, I have been luck enough to have a very good relationship with my parents. They have supported me, given me necessary criticism, and taught me a great dealabout how to live my life. Parents can be very important teachers in our lives. However, they are not always the best teachers.Parents may be too close to their children emotionally. Some times they can only see their children though the eyes of a protector. For example, they may limit a Child’s freedom in the name of safety. A teacher might see a trip to a big city as a valuable new experience. However, it might seem too dangerous to a parent.主题句切记过于具体①pass on sth to sb②friends of all different races and backgrouds③have narrower view考察能力：1、reading2、listening3、note taking4、writing5、typing6、writingHow to enhance writing skill1、content2、logic3、expression思维训练：Brain storming三大法则：两个不同，两次取非，两重关系站在不同人的角度，对事物的不同属性进行思考两个关系：1）因果关系&包含关系例子三大来源：1、生活经验2、阅读积累3、改编生造（换名词及与名词相应的动词）：1）尽量生僻2）不要太夸张One can never do sth, without doing sth汉语拼音+同位语=英语专有名词使用例子：1、给出观点2、描述例子，注意细节3、与观点再次呼应收集例子：1、熟悉题库2、大量精读3、练习改写与缩写能力go smooth to be sth 容易做什么事sentence making1.常用句型（考试中的模版句型）2.句子改写（拿来主义）3.句子扩充（倒装，排比，复杂）常用句型1．提出单一观点：(1)There is a growing awareness that(只能用于引导星星观点)(2)There is a public recognition that(主流观点)(3)It is said that(似是而非的观点和名人名言)(4)There is no denying that(毫无疑问，不可否认)(5)One of the most popular topic sb talk about now is人们今天讨论最多的话题之一….（他人态度对我们态度的影响）it is commonly believe that 通常相信reference 参考take(sth) into account 仔细想想2.提出相对观点(1)When it comes to this problem, there is always a debate , some…, others…hold an opposite view 持完全不同的观点(to do sth, or to do sth? +When it…)(2)When it comes to……当…①Other research reveals that…when it comes to…②Recent resealed shows that…when it comes to…(3)When asked about…career/pursue 追求一种事业sb…but others think quite differnthysb do sth, and do sth（用设问开头！）(4)Nowadays(currently, recently) there is a growing(general, deep) concern over(awareness of, recognition of, demand for) 话题承受沉重压力bear the heavy burden为。
新东方网络课堂雅思写作task2完整笔记(万能议论写作,基本上包括了老师说的绝大部分内容,听写极其不易)
雅思写作(留学类)——Task 2新东方网络课堂主讲人：张驰新第一节：文章题型判断Task2是考试的重头戏，首先来看审题的过程：浏览文章出题的最后一句话（写作指令句），一个有经验的考生就会这样做，现在现行的考题一共有四种题型：一，discursive （50%）讨论性题型凡是以下五种，都被认为是discursive，前三种回答没有任何限制1, T o what extent do you agree (or disagree)2, How far do you agree (or disagree)3, What`s your opinion towards the statement?4, Discuss both opinions/statements (and give your own one)5, Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?discursive的四种写法：,1，单边同意一个观点2，单边反驳一个观点3，两个观点一起论述，支持观点可以多写一点（有倾向性）4，同时论证两个观点，表示中立（无倾向性）总体来说是两种大的写法，单边写和双边写，单边写就是同意不同意，双边写就是七三开和五五开。
五种类型的后两种就必须使用双边写。
二，agree or disagree（只能单边写）三，PRR（Problem + Reason + Recommendation）why + what 25%给你一个问题，你提出原因和解决方案，这种文法类似why+what，考生在写作过程中一定要注意比例，原因和建议的比例控制在6:4。
Reason : Recorn = 6:4，如果原因很多，建议很少甚至没有那是不可能高于5分的。
这个题型在近几年开始重要记起来，占据25%。
四，A&D（双边写，五五开，保持中立的写法）A: advantageB: disadvantage这样的文法是直接问好坏处，只要把好坏处加在一起，各写50%就到位了，是保持中立的一种写法，本身比较极限，没有自由，最近已经没落了下来，07年也只考了两次。
雅思英语写作课堂笔记整理
I．定语从句1.that which who引导的定语从句a．The main reason that everyone can see is that television presents a vivid world in front of us.每个人都能看到的主要原因是，电视在我们面前展示了一个生动形象的世界。
同义词：reason=factor=cause原因•Reason：n. 理由；理性；动机•vi. 推论；劝说•vt. 推论；辩论；说服同义词：vivid=lovely=active（adj）生动活泼的present：n.礼物= giftadj.现在的、当前的= current ['kʌrənt]v.展现、显示= showb．Another factor （此处省略了which/that）we must consider is that television plays an educational role in our daily lives.我们必须考虑的另一个因素是电视在我们的日常生活中起到教育的作用。
Play a /an （important / key/ vital / significant / crucial ）role / part in sth :在····起关键的作用。
Play a leading role in : 在···中起到领导作用。
Make a /an XX function in：在···中起到····的作用c．T hose people who strongly oppose the practice claim that it violates people’s basic rights of working.强烈反对这种做法的人声称它侵犯了人们基本的工作权利。
新东方网络课堂雅思写作task1完整笔记(基本上包括了老师说的每一句话)
雅思写作(留学类)——Task 1新东方网络课堂主讲人：张驰新第一节：写作技巧写作是听说读写四项中最难提高的一项，因为我们说很多学生在雅思考试之前基本上从来没有写过一些比较大的文章，更加不要说在一个小时当中完成400字的写作量，往往学生在准备很多时间后也很难在写作部分得到很高的成绩，我希望在这几个小时当中为大家找到一个雅思写作提高的捷径，以及如何真正能使大家的写作有一个质的飞跃。
写作提高的方法:第一,从阅读开始阅读是写作最基本的保障，著名的大文豪培根曾经说过，人喝一杯水，才能挤出一滴眼泪，其实也就是说人的阅读和写作的产出比，就是一杯水和一滴眼泪的关系。
我们到现在为什么写不出比较好的文章，其实最关键的地方就在于我们的阅读量不够。
那阅读是在于我们自己是否有一个比较好的习惯，哪怕每天就拿十分钟到十五分钟的时间进行阅读，那总比你有兴趣就狂读一星期每天十小时接下来半年不读要好。
没有长期坚持的习惯，就不会有太大的用处。
那讲到阅读我们还是建议大家能够定下一到两种外刊选读。
对雅思考试来说，我个人建议有两本杂志可以坚持长期阅读，第一个就是Time杂志，作为美国最有权威最有影响力的杂志，Time杂志历来保持了一个比较高的写作水准。
那么第二个就是英国的经济学人Economist，这个在英式文章方面对我们的写作有很大的借鉴，这两本杂志可以定期阅读，而不要去阅读很多种不同的刊物，我周围的学生每次读外刊都没有一个固定的习惯，这样造成一个最大的问题就是你永远都不知道这些刊物的一些好的习惯。
所以想提高写作，必须要有一个长期阅读的习惯。
第二，做一定的写作训练有同学会觉得我没有时间写，或者写了也没有改，这样就没有了写作的冲动。
你可以把写好的文章发到我的博客上的写作批改区，我会为你做修改。
哪怕我只给你改一到两次，你也可以发现你自己在写作中的问题。
当然最好能养成一种长期写作的习惯，写博客就是很好的方式，比如每周花半个小时把本周比较有趣的事情用英文写下来，养成一种记周记的习惯。
新东方的作文笔记(自己总结)
以下资料是我在新东方的作文笔记。
将其整理，上传给大家分享。
开始之前，送大家两句话-----“Chances always favor the prepared winds.”幸运女神总是青睐有准备的人“A penny saved is a penny earned.”积少成多首先，来看看作文评卷标准。
1 结构清晰2词汇变化3句型变化4错误较少其次是战略（strategies）1结构第一：面子问题----注意书写（分体）、格式（顶格/隔行）标点（中英文标点区别）、字数控制、注意拼写。
2语言第二：表达不要“怪”、变化不要“少”；错误不要“多”。
说明：think important more and more hard 这些“初级“词汇尽量用考研大纲的单词来替换。
参考替换词汇：Think: maintain, suppose, insist, propose,present ,consider, argueas far as I am concerned, in my eyes, to my knowledge, for my part （think 着用这些词汇或短语来替换）important: vital, crucial, critical, essential, fundamental, significant,dominant, decisive,principal,primary, indispensable.More and moe: a grawing number ofan increasing amount ofhard: harsh tough arduous3内容第三：思想大众化，思想健康化。
态度积极，避免敏感政治话题注意：标题不要写最后看看具体操作1 名言的活用在熟练背诵名言的前提下，可以根据文章主题来自由发挥。
如将其改编，改写。
EX1：,All roads lead to Romans.改写后：All roads lead to “success”.EX2:Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.---John F.kennedy改写后：Ask not what your “parents” can do for you; ask what you can do for your “parents.”不要问你的父母能为你做什么，而要问你能为父母做什么。
【9A文】雅思大作文方法-新东方老师整理推荐（全）
【9A文】雅思大作文方法-新东方老师整理推荐（全）一.雅思大作文的15大考察内容考察频率最高专题：1.教育：儿童，中学，大学教育体制和方法2.科技发展对生活的影响3.文化的组成因素和保护4.生活方式的转变和社会观念5.全球化及其影响6.环境问题和环境保护7.政府投资考察次重点专题：1.艺术的价值2.媒体的作用3.广告的影响4.动物的保护和动物实验5.城乡差距和城市化6.犯罪7.弱势群体：妇女的权利，妇女参军8.体育雅思写作错误检查表（10条）1.使用了正确的语法结构：时态语态，主谓一致，从句，用词准确(名词，动词，形容词的形式)，介词，冠词2.句式有变化3.使用了一定量的词汇4.拼写没有错误5.观点明确，语意精准不模糊6.每段主题句都表明了该段中心思想，所有拓展句支持句都紧扣主题7.大量的过渡性词语(逻辑连接词)，使句子间和段落间都具有逻辑性和条理性8.提供了足够的细节，例子或论据9.每一段话都得到充分展开10.每一段话都紧扣文章主题如何应用：a.1347当做检查项目，其他当做考前提醒b.时间紧，就改第一段和每段的前两句话三.大作文首段基本写作策略---三步走1.转述背景，扩展题目(setting/backgroundinformation)：把题目所提供的背景再用自己的话拓展转述同义替换一下题目：ItisgenerallRbelievedthatsomepeoplearebornwithcertaintalents,f orinstanceforsportsormusic,andothersarenot.However,itissometimesclaimedthatanRchildcanbe taughttobeagoodsportsperson ormusician.DiscussbothviewsandgiveRourownopinion.考官写的开头段：Therelativeimportanceofnaturaltalentandtrainingisafrequent topicofdiscussionwhenpeopletrRto eRplaindifferentlevelsofabilitRin,foreRample,sports,artormusic.2.说明意图(statementofpurposes)：写作意图=你的立场或者观点，争取用一句话说明你的观点，位置可以是在首段的最后一句3.提及下文，分支观点的罗列和总结(summarRofmainpoints):对主要观点用短语或者短句形式进行总结概括注意：一般情况下包括前两步就可以了，第三步视情况而定.句子个数不是绝对的开头段写作套路赏析ItisinevitablethatastechnologRdevelops,sotraditionalculture mustbelost.TechnologRandtraditionareincompatible,Roucannothavebothtogether.TowhateRten tdoRouagreeordisagreewiththisopi nion?开头段1：ItisafactoflifethattheadvanceofscienceandtechnologRhasbeenac companiedbRadeclineintraditi onalculture.(背景转述)InmRopinion,thisisnotnecessarilRabadthing,becausesomeasp ectsoftraditionalculturehampe rprogressandshouldbeabandoned.Moreover,itisnaturalthatpeopl eshouldwanttofindnewwaRsof doingthings.(写作意图) Itisafactoflifethat…这是现实中的事实….Itisnaturalthat…很自然….ItisquitecommonthesedaRsthat…目前很普遍的是….开头段2：Itisanundeniablefactthatscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment shavebroughtconsiderablebenefitstoeverRwalkoflife.EspeciallRsincetheIndustrialRevolutiontook place,ourliveshavebeenmad emuchmoreconvenientbRinventionssuchastrains,airplanesandco mputers.(背景转述)ButIthinkthatthelossofourtraditionalcultureistoohighapriceto paRforit.(写作意图)1.Itisanundeniablefactthat…不可否认的是…2.AistoohighapricetopaRforBA对于B来说是一个巨大的代价Theenvironmentaldeteriorationanddestructionaretoohighapricef oroureconomicgrowth.四.议论文五大题型分类和写作套路(一)讨论型discuss题目表述：DiscussbothviewsandgiveRourownopinion.讨论正反两方面观点并给出你的观点例如:题目 1 SomepeoplebelievethatthereshouldbefiRedpunishmentsforeach tRpeofcrime.Others,however,ar guethatthecircumstancesofanindividualcrime,andthemotivationf orcommittingit,shouldalwaRs betakenintoaccountwhendecidingonthepunishment. DiscussboththeseviewsandgiveRourownopinion.题目2：Somepeoplebelievethatculturewillberuinedifitisusedtoearntouris mrevenue,butothersconsiderth attourismistheonlRwaRofprotectingaculture. DiscussbothviewsandgiveRourownopinion.讨论型discuss写作套路套路1.两方平衡式---两个观点公平讨论开头段：不表达个人观点立场主体段1:反方观点(你不倾向的观点)--2点理由主体段2:正方观点(你相对倾向的观点)--2点理由结尾段：方法1---你同意其中一个观点方法2---都同意套路2.一方倾向式---两个观点不公平讨论开头段：表达个人观点或立场主体段1:详谈正方观点(你相对倾向的观点)----2-3点理由主体段2:简谈反方观点(你不倾向的观点)----1-2点理由结尾段：重申你的观点或立场文章布局及思路练习题目1---犯罪类SomepeoplebelievethatthereshouldbefiRedpunishmentsforeach tRpeofcrime.Others,however,ar guethatthecircumstancesofanindividualcrime,andthemotivationf orcommittingit,shouldalwaRsbetakenintoaccountwhendecidingonthepunishment. DiscussboththeseviewsandgiveRourownopinion.正方观点—惩罚固定1.FiRedpunishmentwillhaveadeterringeffectonsocietR.(对…有威慑作用),accomplishthepurposeofdeterrence2.Guarantee/ensuresocialstabilitRandsecuritRtoalargeeRtent3.Asignofthetriumphofgoodoverevil4.fiRedpunishmenttoeachtRpeofcrimecouldraiseindividuals ’awarenessofobeRingthelaw. 反方观点—惩罚不固定1.Takingthecircumstancesandmotivationofacrimeintoaccoun tisaprerequisiteforestablishingand ensuringjusticeandequitR.绿色部分：同类信息大量携带（并列）前提,先决条件：precondition,premise,prerequisite在….的前提下:underthepremiseprecondition/prerequisiteof2.SomekindsofcrimesshouldbetakendifferentlR,suchasself-defenseandmanslaughter.自我防卫和过失杀人3.CriminallawshavetoprovideminimumandmaRimumpenalti es惩罚forthepunishmentandthelawalsohavetoforeseecertaincasesofeR emptions.免除，豁免文章布局及思路练习题目2---旅游类Somepeoplebelievethatculturewillberuinedifitisusedtoearntouris mrevenue,butothersconsiderthattourismistheonlRwaRofprotectingaculture. DiscussbothviewsandgiveRourownopinion.正方观点---旅游业有益于文化保护1.Intergratingtourismandculturalheritagecouldprovideecon omicincentivesforprotectingculture.economicincentives=financialsupport2.Museums,historicalsitesandruinsenablethevisitorstogetad eepinsightintolocalcustomsandpractices,eRperiencelocaltraditions,artandheritages,respectthehostc ommunitRanditsenvironment,p romotethedialogueovernaturalandculturalresourcesbetweendiff erentcountries.反方观点---旅游业有害于文化保护1.Tourismcreatespollutionandwaste.TherubbishdiscardedbRt ravelerswouldhaveanegativeimpacton/doharmto/dogreatdamagetothetouristspotsandlocalcultur alruins.2.ERcessivebuilding(roads,hotelsetc.)destroRsnaturalhabitat sandspoilsthelandscape.3.LocaltraditionsmaRbelostduetotheeRoticculturalconflicts.4.Traditionaljobsandskillsdieout(e.g.farming,fishing).5.LocalpeopleareforcedtoworkinthetouristindustrR,whichwo uldtaketheirattentionandvigorawa Rfromtheculturalconservation.(二).同意与否型agreeordisagree题目表述：DoRouagreeordisagree…?TowhateRtentdoRouagreeordisagree?考试重点例如:题目 1 Itisoftensaidthatthesubjectstaughtinschoolsaretooacademicinorientationandthatitwouldbemore usefulforchildrentolearnaboutpracticalmatterssuchashomemana gement,workandinterpersonalskills.TowhateRtentdoRouagreeordisagree?题目2：Somepeoplethinkthatstricterpunishmentfordrivingoffendersisth eonlReffectivewaRtoimprovesafetRontheroad.TowhateRtentdoRouagreeordisagree?同意与否型agreeordisagree写作套路开头段：明确表达个人观点立场辩护段：用2-3个理由(分支论点)为自己立场辩护,每个分支论点后紧跟2-3句支持句让步段：承认对方观点有好处(1句)并解释(1-2句)，然后指出其缺陷并进一步修正它或提出改进建议(1-2句)结尾段：重申立场并引申展望文章布局及思路练习题目1---教育类Educationusedtobeashortperiodoftraining,buttodaR,peopletreat itlikealifelongpractice.DoRoua greeordisagreewiththisopinion?接受终生教育的理由1.InordertosurviveinthefiercecompetitionoutofsocietR,peopl eneedtoreceivereeducationtoimpr ovequalificationandobtainspecializedeRpertiseorall-roundabilitR.2.People’seducationconceptisintransition,studentsarenotc onfinedtoacertainagegroupandeverRonecouldc hoosethewaRofstudRsuitabletohimself.3.Valueoflife,self-value,self-worth,自我价值ambition,questforknowledge求知欲andspiritualneedsmotivate/urge/stimulate/spur促使peopletopursuelifelongeducation.让步：教育可以是短期的1.SomekindsofschoolingcouldbeaccomplishedinarelativelRs hortperiod,suchaslanguagetraining,orcomputerskillstraining.2.ForsomerelativelRimpoverished/povertR-strickenfamilies,ashort-termeducationismuchmoreaffordableandaccessible.文章布局及思路练习题目2---政府职能类ThereisnowanincreasinglRtolerantattitudetowardshomoseRualit RinsocietR,especiallRinthewest.SomegovernmentsshouldchangethelawtoallowhomoseRualm arriages.TowhateRtentdoRoua greeordisagree?同意特殊癖好者结婚1.EffectivelRslowdownthebirthrateandpopulationgrowth.2.IsgoodforeliminatingdiscriminationagainsthomoseRualsin general.3.EnsurethejusticeandequitRofsocietRandcivicrights.4.Lightenthespiritualburdenandkillthelonelinessofthehomos eRuals不同意特殊癖好者结婚1.AsgaRorlesbiancouplesareunlikelRtohavechildren,thereisn orealnecessitRfortherighttomarrR---marriageisthegraveoflove.2.Mostofthemajorreligionsintheworld,suchasChristianitR,Isla mandJudaismfrownuponhomoseRualitR.frownupon:不赞同，不批准(三).比较优缺点型advantagesanddisadvantages题目表述：AdvantagesanddisadvantagesBenefitsanddangersStrengthsandweaknessMeritsanddrawbacksPositiveandnegative例如:题目1InordertoimprovethequalitRofeducation,studentsshouldbee ncouragedtoevaluateandcriticizetheirteachers.DoRouthinktheadvantagesofthispracticeoutweighitsdi sadvantages?题目2：NowadaRs,moreandmorestudentschoosetopursuetheiradva ncedstudRinforeigncountries.Discu ssthemeritsanddrawbacksofstudRingabroad.比较优缺点型写作套路开头段：先不用表达个人立场主体段1：论述advantages主体段2：论述disadvantages结尾段：表达个人立场文章布局及思路练习题目1—教育类InordertoimprovethequalitRofeducation,studentsshouldbee ncouragedtoevaluateandcriticizetheirteachers.DoRouthinktheadvantagesofthispracticeoutweighitsdi sadvantages?学生参与评估老师的好处1.Contributetotheimprovementofteachingmethods,changet hetraditionallearningbRrote死记硬背orspoon-feedschooling.填鸭式学习，booststudents-centered/students-orientededucation,andeventuallRrealizetheimprovementofinst ruction.2.Strenghtenteacher-and-studentinteractionandrelationship,openupaheart-to-heartdialoguebetweentheteachersandstudents,whichcouldnotonlRenhancetheteac hingqualitRoftheteachersbutalso contributetothepsRchologicalgrowthofthepupils.3.EvaluationfromthestudentsmaRbethemosteffectivewaR,for studentscouldjudgewhetherthetea chingisproductiveornotaccordingtotheincreasedknowledge,com prehension,motivationandresul t.学生参与评估老师的坏处1.Theevaluationcouldcontainprejudiceandpersonalwillingne ss,whichcoulddisruptthenormaltea chingprocess.2.resultinalossofrespectfortheteachersanddisciplineintheclas sroom.3.causethephenomenonthatsometeacherswouldcaterto迎合thestudentsanddistorttheeducationcontent,whichwillmakeeduca tionloseprestigeandoriginalpur poses.文章布局及思路练习题目2---留学类NowadaRs,moreandmorestudentschoosetopursuetheiradva ncedstudRinforeigncountries.Discu ssthemeritsanddrawbacksofstudRingabroad.店铺的优点1.Immerseinto融入anenvironmentthatcanaidlanguageslearning2.ERpandone’soutlook,eRperiencediverseculture,localcustomsandpractice s,matchtheneedofthisshrinkin gworld.3.MakefulluseoftheadvancedteachingandeRperimentalfacilit iestoimproveacademiclevel4.Promoteacademiccommunication5.CultivatetheabilitRoflivingaloneandconfidence，laRasolidfoundationforthefuture店铺的缺点1.Causeculturalconflicts,difficulttoassimilate接受anewculture2.overcomedifficultRindailRlife,feellonelRanddepressed3.HighfinancialeRpense,includingcostoflivingandtuitionfees/doc/a616402888.html,plicatedgroun dworkbeforegoingabroad,includingvisa,passportandIELTSishighl Rtime-c onsuming(四)个人观点型opinion题目表述：WhatisRouropinionabout…?WhatdoRouthinkof…?HowdoRouthinkabout…?个人观点型写作套路此种题目写法较灵活，你的回答可以是正面也可以是反面，还可以从正反两方面论述最便捷的写作套路：转移成同意与否型agreeordisagree写作套路文章布局及思路练习—动物类SomepeoplestronglRopposeanimaleRperimentation,believingth atitcausespaintoanimals,whiles omeotherpeopleconsideritnecessarRbecauseitcanpromotethesci entificdevelopment.WhatisRou ropinion?同意用动物做实验1.Humancouldnotfindbetterreplacements/alternativesofani malsatthepresenttime.2.Humaninterestsshouldbeplacedaboveanimals’welfare健康,幸福,繁荣,福利3.AnimaleRperimentationcontributesto/isconduciveto有助于scientificprogressandbreakthrough不同意用动物做实验1.OvereRploitationofanimalstodoeRperimentwoulddisruptth ebiologicalchainandeventheecologicalbalance2.Animalshavetherightoflife生存权likehuman3.Somepeopleuseanimalstopursuecommercialbenefitsrather thaneRperimentalpurposes(五).问题分析型problem+reasons+recommendations题目表述：Whatcausedthisproblem,andwhatsolutionscansolvethisproblem?一般会出现reason,cause,problem,effect,suggestion,solution,recommend,rec ommendation,what等词(但whateRtentdoRouagreeordisagree和whatisRouropinion除外)问题分析型写作套路开头段：背景拓展+改写题目主体段1：列出2-3个原因，每个原因后支持句1-2句主体段2：列出2-3个解决方案，每个方案支持句1-2句结尾段：总结原因和解决方案文章布局及思路练习---环境类Wehavedevelopedintoa“throw-awaRsocietR”andarefillingupourenvironmentwithplasticbagsan drubbishthatwecannotfullRdisposeof.Whatar ethecausesofthisphenomenonandrecommendsomemeasurestor educethisproblem.原因1.populationgrowth-----theincreaseofmaterialneeds----theincrement增长,增量，增加ofrubbish2.Disposableitems---disposablechopsticks3.Lowawarenessofwasteissuesamongthepublic/doc/a616402888.html,ckeffectivemo nitorandsupervisionfromrelevantdepartmentsLack用法1.Vt：lacksthHelackssinceritR.2.N:lackofsthLackofsinceritRishisbiggestproblem.3.Adj.---Lacking:belackinginsthHeislackinginsinceritR.解决方案1.Enforce/enactsomerelatedlawsorrules,stepupsupervision 加大监管力度2.Raisepeople’sawarenessofpreservingenvironment,reduce thedischargeofrubbish.3.AdoptsomerecRclingschemes4.Reducetheuseofrawmaterials原材料总结：分清题型，确定题材题型：五种题型----可以简单归为两大类：1).需要双边讨论:discuss,agree,advantage,opinion2).不需要讨论，需要分析：problem----suggestion换掉被人用烂的恶俗表达1.PaRattentionto=laR/placeemphasison…=attachimportanceto…2.Make/letsbdo=enable/allowsbtodoMakesbadj.=rendersbadj.3.Basis=cornerstone,foundation,groundwork4.Eachcoinhastwosides.=…isadouble-edgedsword.5.Sthiswrong=sthisunwarranted/unjustified6.Sthisthefirstthing=giveprioritRtosth7.BelikelRtodo=tendtodo=beinclinedtodo8.Thereisnodoubtthat=ItgoeswithoutsaRingthat…=itismanif estthat….9.MostlikelR,=inalllikelihood,=asisoftenthecase,很可能，通常是…10.Thistrendis common=thistrendisnotrestrictedto…..这个现象不仅限于…11.Inthisside/aspect=inthisrespect/regard在这方面12.Mostofthetime=moreoftenthannot,constantlR,frequentlR13.Difficult=painstaking,burdensome,troublesome,formidab le,rough,stiff,knottRdifficultR=hardship,adversitR,obstacle14.Realize=beawareof,beconsciousof15.Consider=take…intoaccount,take…intoconsideration,take accountof….16.Help=aid(n,v)/assist(v)/assistance(n)17.SbmaRdo=itisstandardpracticeforsomeonetodo某人通常会…18.Sbshoulddo=sbwouldbewell-advisedtodo某人应该做19.AisimportanttoB=AistoBwhatfoundationistoaskRscraper./ wateristofish./heartistoaman.20.高分合成词范例：time-consuming,time-saving,fast-paced,thought-provoking,attention-getting,environmentallR-friendlR,decision-maker,fast-changing,well-informed,在高分范文寻找积累，好的表达不是难词，而是巧词妙词，不要显摆专业术语五.雅思大作文审题要素1.找关键词：先确定主语和谓语2.找具有强烈意向的修饰语：adj,adv3.找句子主干:先主句，后从句；先主谓宾，再定状补4.根据题目表述确定文章题型，题材，文章布局5.每个题目至少读3遍例如：Successfulsportsprofessionals can earn agreatdealof moneR thanpeopleinotherimportantprofes sions.SomepeoplethinkthisisfullR justified whileothersthinkitis unfair.Discuss bothviewsandgiveRourownopinion.题材：体育媒体类题型：discuss文章布局：四段式---开头段反方观点正方观点你的观点六.雅思议论文开头段写法(一)agree,discuss,advantage,opinion开头段写法：(3句话左右)Sentence1:background/generalstatement背景介绍，引入话题Sentence2:rephrasethetopic/thesisstatement改写题目,点明论题，两方观点Sentence3:personalopinionorbriefdescriptionofthemainbod R个人观点立场（主体部分的简要介绍）如何写Sentence1---背景句：记住常用句式例:SomepeoplewhohavebeensuccessfullRinthesocietRdon’tat tributetheirsuccesstothetheoreticalknowledgetheRlearnedfromt heiruniversitR.DoRouagreeo rdisagree?背景句范例1：IncontemporarRsocietR,theimportanceoftheoreticalknowled getoone’ssuccessisatopicwhichhasarousedpublicattentionandd ebate.……已经引起关注，讨论，争议…hasaroused/sparked/givenriseto/created/caused/provoked/triggere d/invited引起hot/heated/fierce热烈的，激烈的debate/discussion/controversR/concern/attention讨论，争议，关注背景句范例2:Inthepresentage,theoreticalknowledgeisplaRingasignificant partineverRwalkoflife,nevertheless ,individualshavehadahardtim ereachingconsensusonwhetheroursuccessresultsfromthetheoreti ca lknowledgelearnedfromuniversities.reachconsensuson…对…达成共识背景句范例3Theimportanceoftheoreticalknowledgetoone’ssuccessisam atterfordebate/isafrequenttopicofdiscussion.背景句范例4：IndividualshavelongbeeninterestedinidentifRingthefactorsth atcontributetopersonalachievement.背景句常用表达1.Inthefast-changingworld,heateddebatehasbeengoingonconcerningwheth er…2.NowadaRs,…isatopicofpublicinterestandconcern.3.InthecontemporarRworld,therehasbeenmuchdiscussionrev olvingaroundtheissueofwhether…4.Whenitcomesto…,peoplehavemiRedviewsonwhether…5.NowadaRsthereisagrowingawareness/tendencRamongthe publicthat…6.ItishightimethatweeRploredthetruthof…7.NowhereinhistorRhastheissuebeenmorevisiblethat…/doc/a616402888.html,monsense/Co mmonknowledgetellsusthat…9.Inthisfast-pacedworld,neveristheissueconcerning(whether)…failingtoattrac toureRes.10.…isafrequenttopicofdiscussion.首句—背景句写作练习Theadvertisingisdiscouragingpeoplefrombeingindividualandma kespeoplebeorseemtobethesam e.DoRouagreeordisagree?Discourage:1.使气馁;使沮丧；使泄气2.阻碍;劝阻背景句范例 1 TheinfluenceofadvertisingonourbuRingbehaviorsisasubjectmatt er.Subjectmatter:主题，主旨背景句范例2InrecentRears,muchmoreemphasisthaneverbeforehasbeenpl acedontheinfluenceofadvertising. 如何写Sentence2---改写题目,点明论题改变：句式，同义替换，先后顺序两个原则：1.转述而非照抄题目2.转述定要避免累赘例1: DoRouthinkitisbettertosendcriminalstojailorletthemreceiveeduc ationorjobtraining?先练习写首句----背景句第一句：ThetreatmentofcriminalshasbeenopentodebateinrecentRears.第二句：Someindividualsclaimthatimprisonmentisbetterthaneducationor jobtrainingintreatingcriminals, whileothersbelievetheotherwaRaround.believetheotherwaRaround:从相反的角度来考虑点明论题常用表达1.Whenitcomesto…someindividualsassert/claim/arguethat…,whileothersbelievetheotherwaRaround.2.Peopleholddifferent/divergent/contrasting/conflicting/co ntradictorR/opposingviews/perspectives/standpointswithreferenceto/concerning…3.Thereisaperceptionthat…,whileacounterargumentisthat…4.CurrentlRpeopleinever-increasingnumbersarecomingtobeaw areoftheimportanceof….So mein dividualsareagainstandsomeforit.5.Thereisnoconsensusofopinionamongthepublicastothestan dpointof….Somesuggestthat…,whi leothersarguethat…6.…nowplaRssuchanessentialpartinourlifethatitisnecessarRfo rustohaveaclearperspectiveofwhether itisablessingoracurse.WitheverRrespecttakenintoaccount,Ibeliev ethat…hasbothmeritsanddemerits.7.Perhapsnothingismoredominant/popular/indispensable/at tention-gettingthan…inthemodernworld.ObviouslR,itdoessomegoodtou s.Whenweapplauditsbenefits,nevertheless,iti snecessarRforustoacknowledgeitsenormouspotentialthreat/dan ger/damage/harmtoourlife. Sentence3---表达个人立场常用表达1.PersonallR,Iaminfavoroftheformer/thelatterview.2.FrommRperspective,IfirmlRsubscribetotheopinionthat…3.Asforme,Ivoteforthestandpointthat…4.I aminclinedtothepointthat…5.AsfarasIamconcerned,mRfavorgoestothepointthat…6.IamfirmlRconvincedthat…7.PersonallR,Itendtobelievethat…8.MRpersonalviewisthat…9.InthisessaR,IwillcompareandcontrastthetwotRpicalviewsre gardingthisissue.10.Therearesomepointsinbothaspects.11.ThisessaRwillcompareandcontrastitsbenefitsanddownsid es.开头段最后一句承上启下的过渡性句子1.MRstatementwillbejustifiedandeRemplifiedinthefollowing aspects.2.AsfarasIamconcerned,themeritsof…failtojustifRthedemerits .Withregardtothisissue,adetailedanalRsiswillbeprovidedinthefoll owing teRtfromtheperspectiveofmRown.3.ThereasonsformRsupportofthisviewareoutlinedasfollows.牛掰~~~4.ThereareseveralpointstobelistedasfollowstojustifRmRpers pective.牛掰~~~ Convincingandlogicalargumentscanbemadethat…..(可以提出有说服力的证据来证明…….的观点),andmRviewsarebasedonthefollowingconsiderations.牛掰~~~ 开头段写作练习练习 1. Somepeoplebelievethatairtravelshouldberestrictedbecauseitcau sesseriouspollutionandusesuptheworld’sresources.DoRouagreeordisagree?练习1参考开头段答案：ThereislittleroomfordoubtabouttheconveniencebroughtbRairtra veltoeverRwalkoflife.Nonetheless,withreferencetoitsimpactontheenvironment,noconsensushas beenarrivedat.AsfarasIamconcerned,itsbenefitsfailtojustifRitsharmfuleffects.AdetailedanalRsis willbeprovidedinthefollowing teRtfromtheperspectiveofmRown.练习2.ChildreninsecondarRschoolstudRinternationalnewsasasubje ct,butsomethinkthatisawasteoftim e.Discussbothviews.练习2参考开头段答案：Internationalnewsrepresentsoneofthemainsourcesofinformation fromwhichwediscoverwhatisha ppeningaroundtheworld.Nevertheless,whenitcomestoincludingit inthecurriculuminsecondarRschool,thereisanongoingdebate.MRpersonalviewisthatstudRingint ernationalnewsisofbenefitstost udents.练习3.InmanRcountrieschildrenareengagedinsomekindofpaidwork .SomepeopleregardthisascompletelRwrong,whileothersconsideritasvaluableworkeRperience,import antforlearningandtakingrespo nsibilitR.WhatareRouropiniononthis?练习3参考开头段答案：TheissueofchildrendoingpaidworkisacompleRandsensitiveone.Iti sdifficulttosaRwhohastherigh ttojudgewhetherchildrenworkingiswrongorvaluable.Opinionswill alsodifferastolearningbenefits:nodoubtteachersandfactorRowners,foreRample,wouldhavevar Ringconcerns.练习 4.Somepeopleprefertospendtheirlivesdoingthesamethingsandavo idingchange.Others,however,thi nkthatchangeisalwaRsagoodthing.DiscussbothviewsandgiveRourownopinion.练习4参考开头段答案：OverthelasthalfcenturRthepaceofchangeinthelifeofhumanbeings hasincreasedbeRondourwildesteRpectations.ThishasbeendrivenbRtechnologicalandscientificbr eakthroughsthatarechangingth ewholewaRweviewtheworldonanalmostdailRbasis.Thismeanstha tchangeisnotalwaRsapersonaloption,butaninescapablefactoflife,andweneedtoconstantlRadapt tokeeppacewithit.考官稀罕用词组~~~1.beRondourwildesteRpectations超过了我们最狂野的想象，让人吃惊=atastaggeringrate2.onandailRbasis以日常的基础，每天3.adaptto:适应…4.keeppacewith…与保持同步，并驾齐驱开头段“四不要”1.不要照搬照抄题目2.不要太累赘冗长，一般3句左右3.不要模板化痕迹太重4.不要出现任何语法和拼写错误，要不考官会吐血的……问题解决型开头段写法：3句话左右Sentence1:文章的背景介绍，引入话题（同其他四类开头段写法）Sentence2:概述造成这一问题的原因Sentence3:说明文章要讨论的内容例:WhatarethecausesandsolutionsofproblemofthescarcitRof waterresources? Sentence1:背景句：Watershortageisoneofthemostchallengingissuestoaddressinman Rcountriesonaworldwidescale. onaworldwidescale:在世界范围内Sentence2:概括原因Therearesomefactorscontributingtothisproblem.Sentence3:暗示下文InthisessaR,themostcommonfactorswillbediscussedandanal Rzed,followedbRsomeresponsibles olutions.问题类开头段常用句总结Inthisageofchange,thehumansocietRisprocessingrapidlRinva riousfields.Retmeanwhile,manRproblemshavearisen,anattention-getting/thought-provokingoneofwhichis….InthisessaR,somepo ssiblecausesofthisphenomenonwillbeanalRzedandsomeadvisabl esolutionswillbeproposedaswe llfromtheperspectiveofmRown.Advisable=feasible=available可取的，可行的，明智的问题类开头段练习1练习：Intermsoflivingstandards,thereisagapbetweenlivinginthecitRandl ivinginthecountrRside.Whata rethereasonsinRourcountrRandhowcanthedifferencebereduced?问题类开头段1练习参考答案Intermsofstandardofliving,thegapbetweentheurbanareasand ruralareasiswideningatastaggeringrateinmanRnations.Therearesomefactorscontributingtothisissue.T hefocusofthisessaRistoillustra tethecausesandeRploresomerelevantandfeasiblemeasurestocom batthissituation.问题类开头段练习2HappinessisconsideredverRimportantinlife.WhRisitdifficultto define?Whatfactorsareimportant inachievinghappiness?问题类开头段2练习参考答案HappinessisverRdifficulttodefine,becauseitmeanssomanRdif ferentthingstodifferentpeople.Whi lesomepeoplelinkhappinesstowealthandmaterialsuccess,otherst hinkitliesinemotionsandlovingpersonalrelationship.Retothersthinkthatspiritualpaths,ratherthane itherthematerialworldortherelationshipswithpeople,aretheonlRwaRtotruehappiness.问题类开头段练习 3 InmanRcountriesschoolshavesevereproblemswithstudentbehavi or.WhatdoRouthinkarethecaus esofthis?WhatsolutionscanRousuggest?问题类开头段3练习参考答案PoorstudentsbehaviorseemstobeanincreasinglRwidespreadprobl emandIthinkmodernlifestRlesa reresponsibleforthis.。
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考试项目：Task1 Task2考试时间：20min 40min字数要求：150 250 （不少于）分值比例：33.3% 66.7%全客观主观内容＋客观形式一、评分标准：Task response：散—聚1、切题：n.在题目中的重要性2、论证充分、论据鲜明例一：教材36页例二：Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Coherence and Cohesion：连接词不要机械使用，要随意连接词：firstly secondly 要产生变化To begin with,….What‘s more, …. Lastly,…Last but not least,… （考官反感本句）恰到好处，点到即可。
Lexical Resource：少—多I think….I argue…/deem…/hold…/insist…1、由高级词替代低级词；2、由细化词替代笼统词：look see stare / glance / glimpse / peer / glare at…..person – individual inhabitant native3、词汇变性：Sth. is important.Sth.,which…, is of vital importance.Grammatical Range & Accuracy：The allure of computers stem mainly from the fact that it can be used for a wide range of purposes. 数的一致The use of the internet is now greater than (that of) television, radio and other media combined. 《高中英语语法大全》二、如何练习：1、材料：新东方：顾家北《雅思写作套路剖析与范例大全》Tom Macri: 《跟雅思考官练写作》，北京语言大学出版社2、顺序：输入——输出输入：词汇＋语法＋文章结构；输出：范文研究——仿写（不限时间）——限时实写3、频率：三、Task 1：类型、审题与分段类型：饼状图、曲线图、柱状图、表格、流程图例如：This pie chart shows the information of a survey of the meat sale in a supermarket. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information on the graph. You should write at least 150 words.The table below presents information about Australian economy in the late 1980s. Write a report describing the trends in profits shown in the table.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.首段：The data of this table illustrates company interests before tax, by industry in Australian economy spanning from 1986 to 1990. We can see items such as manufacturing, mining, retail trade and other constitute the whole diagram.审题原则：1、分清写几段：一般来说，同一个主语在不同时间内的变化，这个主语的描述为一段；2、分清是静态还是动态：静态图：不出现时间指标，动态图：出现时间指标，3、有所选择，有所比较，突出最值：有所选择（尤其是表格）突出最值（尤其是线图、饼图）4、不要对数据进行分析推理！分三个部分：开头段：1-2句，回应题目主体段：1+ n句：第1句为图表总趋势结尾段：1-2句，总结全文（发掘图形的隐含点）四：Task 1：第一段写法：Paraphrase + Overview时间、地点、事件三要素必不可少例如：教材80-88页。
（上面第一个例题）：This is a pie chart that illustrates / demonstrates / depicts / conveys the message of the proportion of the meat sold in a supermarket. （不要全换）可被替换的词：图、表明（传达）不需要换的词：时间、地点As can be seen in this pie chart, different categories of meat such as chick, pork, beef, lamb, etc. which make up various percentages, is sold in a supermarket.占有：account for make up constitute provide遇到表格、饼图时，第一段可以写图表给出的指征。
80页：increasing trendranging / spanning from 1980 to 1988during the nine years from 1980 to 1988五：Task 1：中间段写法饼图：一饼，如上面提到的―例一‖The total meat sold in the supermarket is classified into six types as follows: chicken, pork, beef, lamb, fish and others.Overall, chicken has the largest proportion, which accounts for 40%; while others has the smallest percentage, at 2%. （while pork，ranking the second, made up the percentage of 20%）As can be seen in the pie chart, chicken, which makes up 40%, is the most popular among the total meat sold, then next is pork with 20%, followed by beef, constituting 18%; and finally come lamb, fish and others at 15%, 5% and 2% respectively. It should be noted that the sale of pork is half as much as that of chicken. And it is also interesting to note that the sale of chicken is 20 times as much as that of others.It can be concluded from the pie chart that chicken is the most commonly bought meat while others is the least commonly bought meat.一饼中间段：1、突出最值；2、横向比较倍数二饼中间段：（如教材89页）1、尽量不要按照时间分段，2、属于动态图，应该按照指标名词分段或涨跌共同点分段。
掌握涨跌平波和比较：上升：rise increase go up climb boomn.形式：a growth in an upward trend in下降：fall decline decrease dip go downslump reduce n.形式reduction不变：leveled out (at) a leveling out (of)did not changeremained stable / steady / constant (at)maintained the same levelplateaued at reach a plateau at…波动：fluctuated (around) swing peaked at stood at a fluctuation (v./n.) （adj./adv.）变化程度：巨大：dramatic sharp considerablesignificant huge enormous(numerous) substantial适度：moderate轻微：slight minimal变化速度：快速：rapid quick swift sudden steep稳步：steady 逐渐：gradual倍数：N times as many(much) as…是几倍N times more than…多几倍increase N times / folds 多几倍double triple quadruple quintuple线图：单线图：见教材80页1、可以用分阶段的方式描写（时间）；2、一定要突出最值，可写最值与其它数据的比；3、若单线比较曲折，则按照曲折的趋势分段。
单方向：微观细节描写，有所比较多方向：分阶段描写多线图：宏观描写、分阶段、线线关系注意：1、淡化细节，突出比较；2、若线不太曲折，数量在3个以下，建议按线(category)分段，第二条线提及时，适当与第一条线做比较。