微藻固定转化高浓度CO2强化技术-2013.7.24

微藻固定转化高浓度CO2强化技术*

姜加伟1程丽华1**徐新华1张林2陈欢林2

(1. 浙江大学环境工程系，杭州310058；

2. 浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学系，杭州310027)

摘要：化石燃料过度使用造成的全球气候变暖和能源危机是21世纪影响人类生存和发展的重要环境问题。微藻由于具有利用太阳能固定CO2转化油脂等产物的能力以及环境适应性强、光合速率高、繁殖快等优势，微藻固碳技术成为缓解温室效应和能源危机的有效方法之一。本文通过微藻固碳过程中碳源传递转化途径的分析，重点讨论了促进高浓度CO2固定转化的技术研究，包括藻种筛选和基因工程改造、光生物反应器气液传质以及微藻固碳系统能量平衡研究，特别是膜组件和耦合系统在微藻固碳中的应用，展望了微藻固定转化高浓度CO2技术的研究方向，旨在通过碳传递途径的强化实现高浓度CO2的微藻高效固定与转化。

关键词：微藻CO2固定转化分子生物学技术膜技术耦合系统

中图分类号：TK6 文献标识码：A 文章编号：

Intensified High Concentration CO2 Fixation and Conversion by Microalgae

Jiang Jiawei1, Cheng Lihua1**, Xu Xinhua1, Zhang Lin2, Chen Huanlin2

(1.Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China；

2.Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027,

China)

Abstract: The increase of carbon dioxide concentration in atmosphere mainly due to the over combustion of fossil fuels has led to global warming and energy crisis all over the world, which, as a significant environmental issue in twenty-first century, has already caused great impacts on human lives and development. Carbon dioxide fixation by microalgae, owing to the ability of microalgae to convert CO2 into cellular lipid product, better environmental adaptability

*国家自然科学基金(No. 21076177, No. 21106130, No. 21276221)；国家863项目(2012AA050101)；高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(201101011120074)；浙江大学海洋交叉引导基金（2012HY010A）资助.

**Corresponding author e-mail: chenglihua@

and larger biomass productivity, has become one of the effective solutions to greenhouse warming and energy crisis. In this work, the process of CO2 fixation and conversion into organic carbon components of microalgae cell is first introduced. The progress on high concentration CO2fixation and conversion is then discussed including the algal strain screening, the genetic engineering, the intensified gas-liquid mass transfer of photobioreactor and the energy balance analysis for the microalgal CO2 fixation. In particular, the membrane technology and their coupled systems are elaborated. The problems remained and the future research directions are finally summarized in order to further improve high concentration CO2 fixation and conversion by microalgae.

Keywords: Microalgae; CO2 fixation and conversion; Molecular biology technology; Membrane technology; Coupled system;

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Process of CO2 fixation by microalgae

3 Microalgae cells

3.1 Effect of CO2 on microalgae cells

3.2 Screening of microalgae species

3.3 Molecular biological technology for CO2 fixation by microalgae

4 Mass transfer in photobioreactor

4.1 Bubble aeration

4.2 Air-lift aeration

4.3 Membrane aeration

4.3.1 Membrane contactor

4.3.2 Membrane sparger

4.4 Coupled systems for CO2 fixation

5 Energy balance of CO2 fixation by microalgae

6 Outlook