雅思阅读中的同义词和近义词

轻薄，易脆的flimsy, slender, slim, fragile, (brittle)
夷平, 掀翻topple, flatten, level,
破坏damage, devastate, destroy, ruin, destruction, smash, ravage, havoc
打击hit, strike, batter, punch, bang
免除dispense (with)
弹性，弹簧spring, resilience, resilient, spring, flexibility, flexible
悬挂suspend, hang, overhanging
静止的stationary, still,
限制constrain, limit, contain, control, repress, curtail, dampen
摇晃sway, shake, jolt, slither to and fro, quake
强化reinforce, fortify, cement, strengthen, emphasize, accentuate, stress, highlight
间接的collateral, indirect,
湖,河loch, lake, stream, brook, river,
处理tackle, deal with, manage, handle, try to fix, address
根本的underlying, basic, essential, fundamental
合理的plausible, reasonable, rational, feasible, hold true, realistic, practical, viable
传播；disseminate, spread, circulate
明显的，震撼的impressive, compelling, overwhelming, staggering, dramatic, drastic，obvious, conspicuous
交换swap, change, exchange,
同意concur on, agree on/with, think alike, second
严格的rigorous, strict, serious, be hard on
基本的rudimentary, primary, basic, fundamental,
到来，来到advent, arrival, coming
偶然的fortuitous, coincidental, accidental,
考虑到、、、情形、accommodate some situations,
高度height, altitude,
附近vicinity, nearby, near,
认识到recognize, acknowledge, realize, be aware of
强大的potent, powerful, strong
困惑的addled, confused, baffled, muddled, addlepated=addleheaded,
结果，结论finding, result, turn out, conclude, conclusion
人口统计学，人口，种群数量demography, demographic, demographical, population, census（人口普查）,
比例ratio, rate, proportion, extent, quantitative relation, correlation, relationship, balance, fraction, quotient, percentage, correspondence
比例失调的skewed, disproportionate, inordinate, uneven, unequal, irregular, excessive,
寿命longevity, life expectancy, life span
理论、思想已经存在一段时间了the idea/theory has been around for some time. 假设，理论，阐释，hypothesis, theory, explanation, assumption
增加accrue, increase, accumulate, build up, amass, grow, gather, augment, mount up, collect
潜在的，有潜力的potential, possible, likely, prospective, budding, in the making, latent, embryonic, future, dormant
放弃forgo, abandon, do without, go without, give up, waive, renounce, disavow, relinquish, cede, part with, yield, abstain with, refrain from, eschew, repudiate
折磨haunt, torment, obsess, disturb, trouble, worry, plague, torture, prey on, weigh on, gnaw at, nag at, weigh heavily on, beset,
另类的alternative, unorthodox, unconventional, radical, nonconformist, offbeat, idiosyncratic, perverse, avant-garde, novel, original, outlandish, Bohemian
上升，增加swell, increase, expansion, escalation, acceleration, surge, proliferation, skyrocketing, stepping-up
贬低belittle…as, defame…as, disparage, denigrate, play down, scoff at, sneer at, discredit, censure, condemn, deprecate, depreciate, make light of
把、、、比下去，完胜trump, outshine, eclipse, outdo, surpass, be head and shoulders above, put in the shade
颠倒invert, turn upside down, upturn, reverse, flip, turn inside out, transpose
提升(n) boost, increase, rise, elevation, escalation, advance, boom, spurt
提升(v),夸大inflate, increase, raise, boost, put up
衰退，下滑slump, plummet, recession, decline, depression, stagnation, plunge, downturn
破产bust, bankruptcy
负担，压力be saddled with, be burdened with,
刺激措施incentive, stimulus, stimulant, inducement, spur, impetus, encouragement, incitement, lure
磨掉了、腐蚀了erode, wear away/down, weather, consume, sap, undermine
安排，组织orchestrate, organize, arrange, put together
低调discreet, subtle, low-key, understated, subdued, unobtrusive, inconspicuous 秩序、顺序sequence, order, series, chain, succession, pattern, course, arrangement, train
复制replicate, duplicate, copy, reproduce, recreate, clone, make a replica of, repeat, make a copy of
民族的ethnic, racial, ethnological, genetic, inherited, national, tribal, ancestral, traditional, folk, native, indigenous, aboriginal
隐秘的covert, secret, furtive, clandestine, surreptitious, closet, concealed, hidden, private, sly, sneaky
不足的deficient, insufficient, lacking, defective, scant, inadequate, wanting, limited, poor, short of/on
代替supersede, replace, supplant, replace, take the place of, substitute for, displace, oust, overthrow, remove, override, succeed
words in sentences
1.The miners formulated a plan to keep the mines open. 想出，设计出
Draw up, put together, work out, construct, make, develop, contrive, hatch, devise, conceive, create, frame, originate, coin, compose
2.There is a problem with the way you have formulated this question. 表达Express, articulate, put into words, utter, state, say, verbalize, render, phrase, word, couch, voice
3.He stood on the pier to watch me embark.上船
Board ship, go on board, go aboard
4.He was about to embark on a career in the family’s department store chain.开
始
Begin, start, commence, undertake, venture into, engage in, settle down to, institute, initiate,
5.Any member is entitled to appoint another person as his proxy to attend and
vote instead of him.代理人
Deputy, representative, substitute, delegate, agent, surrogate, stand-in, attorney, go-between, envoy
6.Trying to find a mean between frankness and rudeness.中间路线
Middle course, middle way, mid point, golden mean, compromise, balance, median, norm, average
7.the mean temperature平均的
average, median, middle, halfway, centre, central, intermediate, medium, normal, standard, middling
8.He had an unblemished record as a law-abiding citizen. 无瑕疵的
Flawless, faultless, perfect, pure, whiter than white, spotless, unsullied, untarnished, stainless, unimpeachable, ideal , model
9.An ugly scar marred his features. 留下瑕疵
Spoil, ruin, impair, disfigure, detract from, flaw, blemish, mutilate, deface, deform
10.The celebrations were marred by violence.破坏
Spoil, ruin, impair, upset, damage, wreck, harm, hurt, blight, taint, tarnish, sully, stain, pollute
11.A uniform temperature of between 18 and 21 degrees固定的，恒定的
Constant, consistent, steady, invariable, unvarying, stable, static, regular, fixed, even, equal, monotonous, unfluctuating, unwavering
12.Cut the vegetables into pieces of uniform size一致的，相同的
Identical, matching, similar, same, alike, like, homogeneous, equivalent, consistent, corresponding
13.The nation is threatened by famine. 食物短缺
Scarcity of food, food shortages, deprivation, want
14.the cotton famine of the 1860s 匮乏，不足
shortage, scarcity, lack, dearth, want, deficiency, insufficiency, undersupply 15.Nine days of processions and parades culminating in a dramatic fire-walking
ceremony达到高潮／定点，结束
Come to climax, come to a crescendo, come to an end with, end with, peak, climax, reach a pinnacle, build up to, lead up to, conclude with, close with, terminate with
16.the debate continued and articles in the media proliferated. 激增，大幅度
增加
Increase rapidly, grow rapidly, multiply, become more numerous, mushroom, snowball, burgeon, escalate, rocket, run riot
17.a posh Beverly Hills hotel时尚高档的
smart, stylish, fancy, high-class, fashionable, chic, luxurious, luxury, exclusive, sumptuous, lavish
18.the hills are covered in lush vegetation 繁茂的，旺盛的，多产的
luxuriant, rich, abundant, profuse, exuberant, teeming, rampant, verdant, riotous, prolific
19.a lush ripe peach鲜嫩多汁的，葱绿的
succulent, luscious, juicy, fleshy, soft, fresh,
20.a lush apartment in the best residential section奢华的，富裕的，丰富的
luxurious, luxury, de luxe, sumptuous, grand, opulent, elaborate
21.the dappled purple carpet of flowers斑驳的
speckled, blotched, blotchy, spotted, spotty, dotted, mottled
22.she was a vibrant and passionate woman.充满活力的
Spirited, lively, full of life, energetic, vigorous, vital, animated, vivacious
23.the exodus of refugees from Albania 大规模离开
mass departure, withdrawal, evacuation, leaving, exit, migration, emigration, diaspora
24.a tentative arrangement /this can only be a tentative conclusion暂时的，试探
性的，凭推测的
provisional, unconfirmed, unsettled, indefinite, preliminary, speculative, conjectural, pilot, experimental，uncertain
25.he eventually tried a few tentative steps around his hospital room.犹豫的，
Hesitant, uncertain, cautious, timid, faltering, shaky
26.the revolutionaries must shed their populist illusions. 抛弃，丢掉
discard, get rid of, dispose of, do away with, drop, abandon
27.the two firms are each to shed ten workers. 辞退
Make redundant, dismiss, let go, discharge, give someone their notice, discard 28.working in pairs appears to facilitate learning.使什么变得顺利，容易，促进
Make easy/easier, ease, make possible, make smooth, open the door to, enable, lubricate, accelerate, forward, advance, further
29.potato blight马铃薯疫病
disease, canker, infestation, fungus, mildew, mould, rot, decay.
30.the government are protecting people from the blight of aircraft noise.痛苦，
折磨
Affliction, scourge, bane, curse, plague, menace, evil, misfortune, woe, calamity, trouble, ordeal, thorn in one’s flesh/side, trial, canker, nuisance. 31.he tried to reach her by telephone, but she continued to be elusive.躲避的，逃
避的
Difficult to catch/find, difficult to track down, evasive, slippery, shifty,
32.the notion of meaning is exceedingly elusive and complex. 难以捉摸／理解／
分辨，令人困惑的
Subtle, indistinct, indefinite, ambiguous, intangible, impalpable, fugitive, deceptive, baffling
33.as usual she gave an elusive answer.模棱两可的，令人困惑的
Ambiguous, baffling, puzzling, misleading, evasive, equivocal
34.an inviting smell of coffee wafted into the room. 吸引人的，诱惑的
Tempting, enticing, alluring, beguiling, winning, attractive, appealing, agreeable, pleasant, delightful, appetizing, mouth-watering, fascinating, engaging, enchanting, entrancing, bewitching, intriguing, irresistible, ravishing, seductive, tantalizing
35.around 400 fans braved freezing temperatures to see them play. 勇敢地面对，
冒着、、、、、、
Endure, put up with, bear, withstand, weather, suffer, sustain, go through, face, confront, stand up to, meet head on, face up to, brazen out, defy.
36.he has all the attributes of a top midfield player.特征，特质，属性
Quality, feature, characteristic, trait, element, aspect, property, hallmark, mark, distinction, sign, suresign, idiosyncracy, peculiarity
37.the hourglass was depicted as the attribute of Father Time. 标志
Symbol, indicator, mark, sign, hallmark, trademark, status symbol
38.the public has a rather ambivalent attitude toward science.矛盾的
Equivocal, uncertain, in two minds, undecided, unresolved, in a dilemma, on the fence, torn, hesitating, conflicting, fluctuating, waving, vacillating, mixed, contradictory, clashing, muddled, vague, hazy
37. English cloth manufactures were able to undercut their continental rivals.削价与、、、抢生意，售价低于（竞争价格）
Charge less than, charge a lower price than, undersell, underbid
39.the company denied that his authority was being undercut. 削弱，暗中破坏
Undermine, weaken, impair, damage, sap, threaten, subvert, sabotage, ruin, disrupt, undo, destabilize.
40.there is little prospect of success.将要发生地事，期望中的事，预期，展望
Likelihood, hope, expectation, anticipation, possibility, likeliness, promise, lookout, dream,
41.she would have better job prospects with a postgraduate qualification. 前景，
前途，前程，机会，可能性
Possibilities, potential, promise, expectations, outlook, future
42.finding schools abroad may be a daunting prospect for employees.想法，念头
Vision, thought, idea, contemplation, task, undertaking.
43.Jimmy, who plays in midfield, is an exciting prospect.有希望的候选人，合适的
人选
Candidate, possibility,
44.guests are greeted with a pleasant prospect from the ground-floor lounge.景
色，景象，视野
View, vista, outlook, perspective, panorama, aspect, scene, scenery, sweep, landscape.
45. Reckless: he was angry with himself and that made him reckless.不顾后果的，鲁莽的，草率的
Rash, careless, thoughtless, incautious, heedless, unheeding, inattentive, hasty, overhasty, precipitate, irresponsible, indiscriminate
46.his works engendered considerable controversy.使发生／出现，引起
Cause, be the cause of, give rise to, bring about, lead to, result in, produce, generate, arouse, provoke, foment, occasion, foster
47.a medium-sized breed of cow种，类
variety, stock, strain, line, family, type, kind, sort, class
48.a new breed of journalist 种类，科目
type, kind, sort, variety, class, genre, genus, order, caliber, brand, generation 49.a lethal weapon 致命的
fatal, deadly, mortal, murderous, homicidal, killing, terminal, toxic, poisonous, virulent, venomous, pernicious, disastrous
50.a built-in cupboard嵌入墙内的，成为整体的
fitted, fixed, integral, integrated, incorporated, permanent
51.television has built-in advantages for advertisers内在的
inherent, intrinsic, incorporated, inseparable, inbuilt, essential, implicit, basic, ingrained, rooted.
52.I sat on the bank, basking in the warm sunshine. 晒太阳，享受
Laze, lie, lounge, relax, sprawl, loll, sunbathe, sun oneself, warm oneself
53.they were still basking in the glory of success沉浸在，享受
revel, luxuriate, wallow, delight, take pleasure, rejoice, glory, indulge oneself;
enjoy, relish, savior, lap up
54.some plants rely on birds to disperse their seeds传播
scatter, disseminate, distribute, spread, diffuse, sow, pepper, strew, broadcast.
55.the crowd began to disperse 散开，police used tear gas to disperse the
demonstrators. 驱散
break up, split up, disband, separate, scatter, dispel, banish
56.the blanket of fog finally dispersed.散了
dissipate, be dispelled, thin out, dissolve, melt away, fade away, vanish, disappear, clear, lift, rise.
57.the toucan eats a very wide range of fruits/a new range of quality foods.种类
assortment, variety, diversity, mixture, collection, array, set, selection, choice, pick, kind, sort, type, class, rank, order, genus, species.。