非谓语动词口诀

非谓语动词包括动词不定式，动词的过去分词和动词的-ing形式三种。这是高考中的热点，其考查量多、面广，几乎是必考的一个知识点。近六年高考复现率达百分之百。纵观试题，其考查重点为动词非谓语形式的作用及功能相同的非谓语动词之间的区别。学生对此知识也“知之半解”，深感头疼。请看下面的方法，将有助于记住不定式及动名词。

1、动词的不定式

①不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。

②没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。

③主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。

④not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。

⑤疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。

⑥仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。

解析：

①“to+动词原形”是它的基本构成形式，即不定式的标记。

②它没有人称和数的变化，不管主语是任何人称，单数还是复数，动词不定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。

③它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点，所以，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。

④“not +动词不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影响，要记住规律。

⑤疑问代词what, who, whom, which和疑问副词where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。

⑥通过以上分析，只要仔细研究，把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在应用时就能作出准确的判断。

2、动名词：

哪些动词后面只能接动名词，下面的顺口溜有助于记忆。

喜欢、考虑不可免（enjoy, consider, escape, avoid）

停止，放弃太冒险（stop, give up , risk）

反对想象莫推延（mine, imagine, delay, put off）

要求完成是期望（require, finish, look forward to.）

建议继续勤*练（suggest, go on, practise）

不禁原谅要坚持（can’t help, excuse , insist on）

继续注意使成功（keep on, mind, succeed in）

1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.

A. enter

B. to enter

C. entering

D. entered

【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could 就断定此处应填动词原形enter。

【分析】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在could 后省略了动词do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：

(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。

(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的

性命。

(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习

以便赶上他的同学。

值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：

(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.

A. to hope

B. hope

C. hoping

D. hoped

此题的答案是C不是A，其中的现在分词短语hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。

(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.

A. practise

B. to practise

C. practising

D. practised

此题答案选C，这与前面动词spent 的搭配有关，即spend ... (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.

(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could _______ his oral English.

A. improve

B. to improve

C. improving

D. to improving

此题答案选D，注意两点：一是devote ... to ... 是固定搭配，意为"把......贡献给......"；二是其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。

2. He knows nothing about it, so he can't help _______ any of your work.

A. doing

B. to do

C. being doing

D. to be done

【陷阱】容易误选A，根据can't help doing sth 这一结构推出。

【分析】其实答案应选B。比较以下结构：

can't help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事

can't help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事

又如下面一题，答案也是B：

She can't help ____ the house because she's busy making a cake.

A cleaningB. to clean

C. cleaned

D. being cleaned

再请看以下试题：

While shopping, people sometimes can't help _____ into buying something they don't really need.

A. to persuade

B. persuading

C. being persuaded

D. be persuaded