禁止生物武器公约

《禁止生物武器公约》全称《禁止细菌(生物)及毒素武器的发展、生产及储存以及销毁这类武器的公约》。1971年12月16日由联合国第26届大会通过，1972年4月10日在华盛顿、伦敦、莫斯科开放签署。1975年3月26日生效,无限期有效。

禁止使用有毒武器是古老的国际惯例之一。1899年海牙第2公约附件和第2宣言及1925年《日内瓦议定书》对此均有明确规定。然而,第二次世界大战后,化学武器和生物武器却不断发展并在战争中多次使用，引起世界各国的严重关切，成为裁军谈判的重要议题。1969年，英国提出关于禁止生物作战方法的公约草案。1971年9月28日，美、英、苏等12国向联大提出《禁止生物武器公约》草案。公约由序言和15条正文组成。序言重申缔约国坚持1925年日内瓦议定书关于在战争中禁止使用生物武器的原则和目标。公约规定：

1. 缔约国在任何情况下不发展、生产、储存和取得其类型和数量超出预防、保护和其他和

平用途范围的微生物或其他生物制剂或毒素，以及为敌对目的或在武装冲突中使用此类制剂或毒素而设计的武器、设备或运载工具。

2. 禁止将任何生物制剂、毒素、武器或运载工具直接或间接转让给任何接受者，并不得以

任何方式协助、鼓励或引导任何国家、国家集团或国际组织制造或以其他方法取得上述任何生物制剂、毒素、武器或运载工具。

3. 缔约国必须在公约生效后9个月内尽快将此类制剂、毒素、武器、设备或运载工具销毁或转用于和平用途。

4. 任何缔约国如发现其他缔约国有违约行为，可向联合国安理会提出控诉，由安理会负责调查处理。

5. 申明本公约参加国确认有效禁止化学武器的公认目标，并为此进行谈判，以促进早日就禁止发展、生产、储存和销毁化学武器等有效措施达成协议。

6. 缔约国承诺促进并充分交换关于生物制剂和毒素使用于和平目的方面的设备、材料和科

技情报。

"Convention on the Prohibition of Biological Weapons" full name "prohibited the development, production and storage of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and the Convention on the destruction of these weapons. December 16, 1971, adopted by the 26th General Assembly of the United Nations opened for signature in Washington, London, Moscow, April 10, 1972. Entered into force on March 26, 1975, valid indefinitely.

Prohibiting the use of poisonous weapons is one of the oldest international practice. 1899 Hague Convention Annex 2 Declaration and the 1925 Geneva Protocol to this are clearly defined. However, after World War II, chemical and biological weapons has continued to develop and be used multiple times in the war, causing serious concern of the world, to become the important issues of disarmament negotiations. In 1969, Britain proposed a draft convention on the prohibition of biological methods of warfare. September 28, 1971, the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, 12 countries were presented to the General Assembly a draft of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). Convention consists of a preamble and 15 body composition. The preamble reaffirms the State party to adhere to the 1925 Geneva Protocol prohibiting the use of biological weapons in the war principles and objectives. The provisions of the Convention:

1. States parties under any circumstances without development, production, storage, and access to the type and quantity beyond the prevention, protection, and other peaceful purposes range of microbial or other biological agents or toxins, and the use of such agents for hostile purposes or in armed conflict or toxins, weapons, equipment or means of delivery.

Any biological agents, toxins, weapons or means of delivery prohibited direct or indirect transfer to any recipient, does not in any way to assist, encourage, or induce any State, group of States or international organizations to manufacture or otherwise acquire any biological agents, toxins, weapons, or means of delivery.

States parties must within nine months after the entry into force of the Convention as soon as possible to such agents, toxins, weapons, equipment or means of delivery destroyed or converted for peaceful purposes.

Any State Party, other States Parties breach, you can file a complaint to the UN Security Council, responsible for the investigation and handling by the Security Council.

Effective measures to reach an agreement. Affirm the Convention to participate in the country confirmed the recognized objective of effective prohibition of chemical weapons, and to this end the negotiations, in order to facilitate the early on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, storage and destruction of chemical weapons.

6. States Parties undertake to promote and full exchange of equipment, materials and scientific and technological intelligence on biological agents and toxins for peaceful purposes.