大学英语语法 并列与从属完整版.ppt
通悟语法系列7:并列句和状语从句课件(73张PPT)

【题组训练】 单句语法填空 1. Literacy involves a variety of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge, _a_n_d_ to participate fully in society.
(2)倒装: not only. . . but also. . . 在连接并列分句时, 如 果not only置于句首, not only所在的句子要用部分倒 装。 *Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
第7讲 并列句和状语从句
(一)并列句 并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句 构成。在并列句中, 这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连 在一起。
考点1 并列连词 【考题小练】 单句语法填空 1. As a visitor or guest in _e_it_h_e_r a Chinese home or restaurant, you will find that table manners are essential in our daily life!
(4)下列句型中常用并列连词when: ①be going to do sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 这时(突 然)……” ②be about to do sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 这时(突 然)……” ③be on the point of doing sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 这时(突然)……”
《英语语法》第十一章 并列与从属

第十一章并列与从属并列在大多数情况下,并列结构由并列连词连接而成。
不同的并列连词有不同的含义,因此被连接的成分就具有不同的关系。
我们需要注意的是,在一个特定的句法环境中,一个并列连接词与另一并列连接词所起作用的方式是不同的。
所以我们需要辨别并列连接词及其用法。
并列连接词最常见的并列连接词是and,or和but,它们被称为“中心并列连接词”或“纯粹并列连接词”,因为他们主要用来连接在同一句法层上的语言单位。
其他并列连接词具有中心并列连接词的一部分句法和语义特征。
“关联并列连接词”几乎总是连接两个并列成分。
此外,还有几个连接词被称为“半并列连接词”,因为它们有时用作并列连接词。
还有一类称为“边际并列连接词”,因为它们有时用作并列连接词,有时用作从属连接词或介词。
常用的并列连接词如下:中心并列连接词:and,or,but关联并列连接词:both… and, either.., or, not...but, neither...nor, not only.., but also半并列连接词:nor, so, yet边际并列连接词:as well as,as much as,rather than,more than尽管上述列举不够详尽,但这些并列连接词在连接句子成份方面起了重要作用d and,or和but是中心并列连接词,不仅因为它们用法如此,还因为它们代表了并列成分之间的三种基本关系:列举、选择和对比。
其他并列连接词相对于这三个并列连接词就边缘些。
但是,正如我们很快就会看到的那样,一个并列连接词在不同的词境中代表不同的关系,即使中心并列连接词在语义上也不那么纯粹。
and和有关并列连接词并列连接词and常用来连接一组并列成分:结构是A and B。
其他能起类似作用的并列连接词有:both…and,not only…but also,as well as, not.., or,not.., nor,neither.., nor.例如:①I gave her a cup of tea and some biscuits.我给她一杯茶和一些饼干。
并列句和状语从句 语法课件 (共16张PPT)

The students took notes as they listened.
2.as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, no sooner...than, hardly/scarcely...when 等引导时 间状语从句时,常译为“一……就……”。
They were about to set off when it began to rain.
六、while 作为并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比 He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 七、“祈使句+and/or/or else+陈述句”固定句式 Study hard and you will succeed. Follow your doctor's advice, or your cough will get worse.
三、结果状语从句 结果状语从句用 so...that...,such...that, so that 引导。 It was such delicious food that they ate it up. The teacher spoke loud so that everybody heard him. 四、目的状语从句 目的状语从句用 so that, in order that, in case 引导, 从句谓语常含有 may, might, can, could, will, would 等情 态动词。当主从句主语一致时,可以把从句转化成不定式。
英语连词ppt课件

避免冗余
在句子中避免使用过多的从属连词 ,以免使句子结构过于复杂和冗余 。
注意语气和语义
从属连词具有不同的语气和语义, 需要根据语境选择合适的连词,以 使句子更加自然、流畅。
04 转折连词
转折连词的种类
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02
03
04
but:表示意义上的转折 ,常用于对比或强调。
however:表示轻微的 转折,常用于句子的开 头或中间。
连接作用
连词的主要作用是连接句子中的各个部分,使它们形成一个有机的整体。
转折、递进、因果等关系
连词还可以表示转折、递进、因果等逻辑关系,使句子更加丰富和有层次感。
常见英语连词列表
并列连词
and, or, but, so, yet, neither等。
从属连词
that, which, who, whose, whom, when, where, how等。
用于引导从句,如that、 which、who等。
转折连词
用于表示意思的转折,如 however、nevertheless等
。
条件连词
用于表示条件关系,如if、 unless、provided等。
选择连词的用法
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02
03
04
根据语境选择合适的连词,使 句子意思更加清晰、连贯。
注意连词的正确形式,如时态 、语态等。
转折连词的注意事项
注意转折连词的使用 场合,避免在不适合 的语境中使用。
注意转折连词的搭配 ,避免使用不恰当的 搭配。
注意转折连词的语气 和情感色彩,选择合 适的转折连词来表达 意思。
05 选择连词
选择连词的种类
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02
03
英语语法专题--简单句并列句和复合句PPT课件

is true.
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简单句、并列句和复合句考点评析
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3. 并列连词or, either…or…, otherwise 等连接选择并列句。 如: Either you leave this house or I’ll call the police.
Hurry up, or you will miss the train.
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4. 并列连词so, for, therefore等连接因果 关系并列句。
the students also need him.
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2.并列连词but, while, yet等连接转折并列句。 例如:(09北京)21. John plays basketball well, ___ his favorite sport is badminton. A. so B. or C. yet D. for
如: It was late, so we went home. It rained, therefore the game was called off.
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注意:
1.在“祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句”结构中,当前后 两部分为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反 关系时,用or。如果将前面的祈使句转换成由 if引导的条件状语从句, 要将and 或or 去掉。 例如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time. = If we hurry up, we’ll be there in time.
英语语法专题--简单句并列句和复合句PPT课件

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2. 并列句
说明:由并列连词(如:and, so, but, or等)或 分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起
而构成的句子。
例句:1. I often help her and she helps me, too.
• 简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型,在阅读 中需有时要借助于划分句子成分来理解句子 的意思,在书面表达中如果没有基本的遣词 造句能力是无法用地道的英语句子来表达清 楚的。
• 高考对简单句、并列句和复合句的考查主要 体现在对连词的选择和使用上。如:and, or ,but, 以及定语从句,名词性从句,状语 从句的连接词,关联词。
Yaoming. 4. The reason is that I don’t love you any more. 5.What I need is enough money. 6.The news that I have passed the English test
is true.
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简单句、并列句和复合句考点评析
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1. 陈述句(Declarative Sentences)
用来说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。(肯定 和否定), 句中含有never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, nothing, nobody, nowhere等词时, 应视为否定句。
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例如: 1) Light travels faster than sound.
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b. 特殊疑问句(Special Questions):指 用 what, how, when, which, where, how many, how much,等疑问词开头的疑问句,不能用yes或 no回答,例如:
英语句子类型(简单句、并列句、复合句)ppt课件

helped us to overcome difficulties. • 2.表示转折关系,常用连词有but,however, yet(然
而),while(而)等。 • ①He is young, but he works hard. • ②She is tall, while her elder sister is short.
.
并列句
• 3.表示选择关系,常见连词有or,not...but(不是…… 而是……),either...or...(要么……要么……)等。
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
4.The school where I study is far from my home.
I
bought
a hat
yesterday.
The children ran
home.
We
ate
our meal
in silence.
The car
stopped
suddenly.
.
并列句
• 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫 并列句。常见分类:
• 1.表示同等、平行或承接关系,常用连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also..., neither...nor...,as well as等。
The teacher asked me to read the passage. 6. There be句型:
There is a book on the desk. There existed many dinosaurs.
现代英语语法并列和从属连词 (2018年1月17日)

第十一章Coordination and Subordination 并列和从属11.0 IntroductionCoordination: 由并列连接词(coordinator)把同一等级的单位连接起来;Subordination:由从属连接词(subordinator)把不同等级的单位连接起来,从属从句提供背景信息支持主句.E.g.: Peter and Susan. (Coordination)11.1.2 Punctuation between coordinators 并列连词间的标点如果只有2个unit需要连接的话,一般中间加个连接词就好,…A and B如果有3个或者以上的单位需要连接,一般在最后一个单位前加连接词,其他的都用逗号隔开。
A, B and C He didn’t play football, basketball or volleyball.但是也可以有以下情况,A,B,C. / A and B and CFor linking 2 or more adjectives:1.当adj.在副词位置的时候,往往在最后一个adj.前加andHe was tall, dark and handsome.2.当adj.在修饰位置的时候,表示中心词的特征时,往往用逗号隔开。
A tall, dark, handsome man3.当adj.为不可分级形容词时,首先要判断这些adj.是否是同一等级的词,如果是,则要在他们中间加上逗号和并列连接词。
The country’s social, economic and political crisis如果不是,则不要加标点或者连接词。
A certain funny retired movie starOther punctuation can stand between units1.Semicolon, 不仅可以把单位连接在一起,而且比逗号更好的显示了词之间的等级分组。
大学英语语法PPT(全)

Plural nouns
02
referring to more than one thing, e.g., "cats", "books"
Zero plural
03
referring to a group of things without a plural form, e.g.,
"people", "fish"
They
used as the subject or object of a verb to express a group of people, or in place of a subject pronoun when the gender is unknown or insignificant.
The possessive case of nouns
Formation
adding "-'s" or "'s" to the end of the noun, e.g., "cat's", "dog's"
Usage
indicating ownership or possession, e.g., "the cat's food", "my brother's car"
used as the subject or object of a verb to express any person, thing, or idea without specifying which one.
used as the subject or object of a verb to express every single person, thing, or idea in a group without exception.
英语连词课件ppt

yet
表示对比或转折,通常用于书面语中 。
however
表示转折,但比but更委婉,更常用 。
表示选择关系的连词
or
表示两种可能性中的任意 一种。
either ... or ...
表示两种可能性中的任意 一种,通常用于连接主语 、谓语和宾语。
otherwise
表示在另外一种情况下, 通常用于表示条件或连词
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02
03
04
Before
表示某个动作在另一个动作 之前发生。
After
表示某个动作在另一个动作 之后发生。
When
表示某个动作在某个时间点 发生。
Until
表示某个动作持续到某个时 间点或条件出现。
表示条件关系的连词
If
Unless
As long as
翻译含有连词的句子
总结词
理解英语句子结构,准确翻译连词。
详细描述
翻译含有连词的句子是提高学生英语语言能力的有效途径。在翻译过程中,学生需要准确理解英语句 子结构,特别是连词在句子中的作用,并能够用准确的汉语表达出来。通过大量的练习,学生可以逐 渐掌握英语和汉语之间的语言差异,提高语言转换的准确性。
Despite
表示尽管某个情况存在,但另 一个情况仍然成立。
In spite of
表示尽管某个情况存在,但另 一个情况仍然成立。
04 连词的特殊用法与注意事 项
连词与介词的用法区别
连词用于连接两个独立的子句, 而介词则用于表示名词或代词与
其他词之间的关系或位置。
连词在句子中不担任成分,而介 词与其宾语一起构成介词短语,
英语连词课件
目录
CONTENTS
并列结构和从属结构

各并列项目间全用连词,在修辞色彩上给人 悠闲、缓慢、延续持久的感觉。
相反,全用逗号,就给人紧张、急促、明 快、利落的感觉。 E.g.
In the country there are no honking
horns(汽车喇叭), no diesel trucks(柴 油卡车), no pollution---- just the
sounds of wind rustling the tree leaves and red squirrels chattering in the distant oaks and cool creek water rushing down its endless course.
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除逗号,分号和冒号也能起并列连接作用
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-ed participle clause句法功能
后置修饰语 e.g. One of the house wrecked by the
storm belonged to my grandfather.
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状语
Deeply moved, he thanked her again and again. United, we stand; divided, we fall. Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance.
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无动词分句
不带从属连词的无动词分句 Speechless, Victor Henry nodded and
sat on a folding seat. Bank loan or no bank loan, we’ll buy
大学英语语法从属结构市公开课获奖课件省名师示范课获奖课件

一、并列与隶属
1.并列与隶属是两种不同旳连接手段。 e.g. The rain stopped, and the sun came out.
When the rain stopped, the sun came out.
二、隶属连词
a)简朴隶属连词(单词隶属连词) e.g. after,although, as, because, before…
a). 同步性(same time)
A.两个同步发生旳事件,不是一次性和反复性,既 过去或目前旳习惯动作,用when,whenever。
B.两个同步发生旳事件,假如都有延续性,而且延 续时间大致相等,用when,while。
C.两个同步发生旳事件,假如都无延续性,连词可 用when,the moment,directly,immediately
限定隶属分句
名词句
非限定分句 无动词分句
副词性分句(状语分句) 不定式分句 -ing分词分句 -ed分词分句 不带隶属连词
带有隶属连词
带有自己旳主语
三、状语分句补充阐明
1.When, while, as, before, after, until旳使用 方法
We’ll come at eight so (that) the meeting can begin promptly. (目旳)
c) 在正式语体中间或也能单用that表达“成果”
4、有关unless和if…not
A.由unless引导旳条件状语分句既能够是真实 条件,也能够是非真实条件。作为真实条件分 句,unless一般相当于if…not。
E.引导某些倒装让步分句一般也只能用though
F.Though可在非正式语体中连接性状语, although不能够。
Chapter 14Coordination and Subordiantion并列和从属

• 14.2.2 Subordinate clause从属分句(从句)
• 大部分的从句都有一个标志,根据功能可分为三类:
• relative clause 关系分句
• adverbial clause 状语分句
• nominal clause 名词性分句 • 根据形式可分为: • finite clause 限定性分句 • non-finite clasue 非限定性分句
• B. or 及相关并列连词
• or表示选择关系。
• eg: Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
• Do it now, or you're fired.
• either...or...两者之一,“要么...要么” • eg: You can either come with me or stay at home.
• Wh-words: how(ever), what(ever),where(ver), when(ever), which, whether, while, who(ever), whom, whose, why... • Others: after, although, as, because, before, if, for, lest, that, since, though...
• A. and 与相关的连词
• and 通常连接一系列的并列成分,用法相似的有 both...and, not only...but also, as well as, not...or, not...nor, neither...nor...
• and比较特殊,有时在非正式美式英语中,会省略go后 面的and.如: • Go jump in the river.跳进水里去! • I'll go get these drinks.
英语连词复习资料PPT

as= when , while
区别几组同义词连词: 一. when,while,as “当…时” * when + 持续性V. // +终止性V. e.g. He was doing his homework when I came in. * while +持续性动作 ,表示“在…时”; 表示对比“而” e.g. Strike while the iron is hot. I like tea while she likes coffee . * as + 延续性动词 ---“当…的时候”; “一边…一边” e.g. I met her as I was coming home. (=when) She sang as she walked home. As he talked on he got more and more excited.
连词
添加副标题
Produced by Zhang Yaling
概念
连词是一种虚词,它不能独立地担任句子成分,只是连接词与词、短语与短语以及句子与句子的作用。 英语中连词只要分两类:并列与从属连词。
并列连词:用来连接平行的词、短语或分句。
从属连词:用来引导一个从句。
并列连词连接两个分句,构成并列句。
Observe the following sentences. till /until They played volleyball until (till) it got dark. They didn’t talk until (till) the interpreter came. He didn’t go to bed until (till) his father came back.
一轮英语大一轮复习语法专题课件:并列句和状语从句--好课件(共35张PPT)

状语,叫做状语从句
1 并列句的考查要点
1.并列句的基本概念 并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。在并 列句中,这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的 简单句被称为分句。 2.常见的并列连词 (1)表示递进或顺承关系:常用的并列连词有and,not only...but (also)...等。
Tom gives me a pen-box.
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
He found the old man dead.
并列句:用并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子。并列 连词有and,but,or等。
Eg. He is a student and I am a teacher. He likes football, but I like basketball.
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. (6)while作为并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。 He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.
常用并列连词
coordinating conjunctions
• 平行并列连词: and, both…and, not only…but
also, neither…nor, and then
• 转折并列连词: but, however, while, yet
超实用高考英语复习:语法填空——并列句和从句(课件)(新高考专用)

把握高考命题走向,分层训练夯实基础、提升能力
距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考, 能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不 能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。以下是本 人从事10多年教学经验总结出的超实用新高考英语专题复习讲义希望可以帮助 大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!
5.(2022·全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation _____ cultural exchanges.
【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义 语法填空
解密05 并列句和从句的复习要点
【构建知识体系】
语 有 1.动词:时态;语态;非谓语动词形式;词形转换 法提 填示 空词
2.形容词:形容词和副词相互转换;比较级;最高级;反义词;词形转换 3.名词:名词单复数变化及词形转换 4.代词:人称代词的主格和宾格;形容词性物主代词;名词性物主代词;反身代词
【答案】and 【解析】考查连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来,促进国际合作和 文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分,作动词promote的宾语。故填and。 6.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】When he looked down, he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ______ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
并列关系与从属关系

FOR EXAMPLE
(a) two
dogs Head
They have different syntactic status, one being dependent upon the other, and usually a constituent of the other
(b) (My brother) can drink (wine). Head
(c) Swimming in the lake (is fun). Head
(d) (The pepper was) hot beyond endurance. Head
Modifiers
Thus, the subordinate constituents are words which modify the Head, as shown in the underlined parts of the constructions.
4.2.4 Coordination
and Subordination
“Coordination is a common sytactic...”
“Such a structure is usually...”
“Since all clauses...”
“Subordination refers ...”
4.2.4.2 Subordination.
“Certainly, clauses can be used as subordinate constituents.”
The three basic types of
subordinate clauses
CoAPs quite expensive and very beautiful
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3)从句当副词用,做状语——副词性分句, 即状语从句
When she was still a baby, she liked taking photos.
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1. You’ll find it where it was. (地点状语从句) 2. Tell me the place where he lives . (定语从句) 3. I don’t know where he came from . (宾语从句) 4. Where he has gone is not known yet . (主语从句) 5. This is where they once lived . (表语从句)e countries, D is called “equality” does not
really mean equal rights for all people. (CET-4, 1995 年6月) A) which B) one C) that D) what
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表语从句
1:The reason why he hasn’t come is ___C_____. A) because his mother is ill B ) because of his mother’s being ill C ) that his mother is ill D ) for his mother is ill
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同位语从句
1:The mere fact C most people believe nuclear wars would be madness doesn't mean that it will not occur.(CET-4,1997年6月) A) what B) which C) that D) why
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并列 We are prepared to make certain concessions but
we find it hard to put up with the loss. 语义重心在后半句
从属 Although/Though/Even though/While we are prepared to make certain concessions, we find it hard to put up with the loss. Although/Though/Even though/While we find it hard to put up with the loss, we are prepared to make certain concessions. 语义重心在主句
主语、宾语、表语
在名词性从句中
定语(范围小) 定语(范围大) 主语、宾语、表语 不充当成分,无意义
This is the book which I like most. I have no idea which wine is best. 范围小,同位语从句 I have no idea what wine is best. 范围大,同位语从句 I don’t know which wine is best. 宾语从句 I believe that he will succeed. that不充当成分,无意义 He is not the person _th__a_t he used to be. He is not _w_h_a_t he used to be.
2: D is the center of our planetary system was a
difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.(CET-6, 1993年6月) A) It is the sun and not the earth B) Being the sun and not the earth C) The sun and not the earth D) That the sun and not the earth
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从属连词,连接代词,连接副词, 关系代词,关系副词
1. 从属连词:用来引导状语从句和名词性从句 (引导名词性从句的只有that, whether,在 句中不作成分)。
2. 连接代词、连接副词:引导名词性从句 3. 关系代词、关系副词:引导定语从句
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which what
that
在定语从句中 宾语、主语 不用what
并列与从属
并列与从属是两种不同的连接手段。从语义 上看,两个分句所表示的意义,在说话人看 来,如果具有同等的重要性,就可以把它们 并列起来,连成一个并列句。而从属是语义 上分清主次的手段,是把次要的思想内容置 于结构上的从属地位,从而突出句子的主要 思想。如: We are prepared to make certain concessions. We find it hard to put up with the loss.
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限定从属分句:
从句相当于名词、形容词、 副词。
1)从句当名词用——名 词性从句,可作主语,宾 语,主语补语,介词补足 成分和同位语。
I just can’t understand why Lady Gaga is so popular.
2) 从句当形容词用,做定语——形容词性 分句,即关系分句,定语从句
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常用的并列连词有: and, or, but, nor, so, yet, both … and, either … or, not … but, not only … but also, not…nor, neither … nor, as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, for (因为), while(而), whereas 等。 (见教材P342-343)