材料科学与工程专业英语 短句词汇翻译 前10课

Unit1：

交叉学科interdiscipline

介电常数dielectric constant 固体性质solid materials

热容heat capacity 力学性质mechanical property

电磁辐射electro-magnetic radiation 材料加工processing of materials 弹性模量（模数）elastic coefficient

1.直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationship between the structural elements of materials and their properties .

2.材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。Material engineering mainly to solve the problem and create material application.

3.材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特征和性能。Materials processing process is not only to de structure and decided that the material characteristic and performance.

4.材料的力学性能与其所受外力或负荷而导致的形变有关。Material mechanical properties with the extemal force or in de deformation of the load.

Unit2：

先进材料advanced material

陶瓷材料ceramic material

粘土矿物clay minerals

高性能材料high performance material 合金metal alloys

移植implant to

玻璃纤维glass fiber

碳纳米管carbon nanotub

1、金属元素有许多有利电子，金属材料的许多性质可直接归功于这些电子。Metallic materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons，many properties of metals are directly attributable to these electrons.

2、许多聚合物材料是有机化合物，并具有大的分子结构。Many of polymers are organic compounds,and they have very large molecular structures.

3、半导体材料的典型特征介于导体材料（如金属、金属合金）与绝缘体（陶瓷材料和聚合体材料）之间。Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors ( viz. metals and metal alloys ) and insulators ( viz. ceramics and polymers ).

4、生物材料不能产生毒性，并且不许与人体组织互相兼容。Biomaterials must not produce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues.

Unit3：

微观结构microstructure

宏观结构macrostructure 化学反应chemical reaction 原子量atomic 电荷平衡balanced electrical charge 带正电子的原子核positively charge nucleu

1、从我们呼吸的空气到各种各样性质迥异的金属，成千上完中物质均是由100多种院子组成的。These same 100 atoms form thousands of different substances ranging from the air we breathe to the metal used to support tall buildings.

2、事实证明金属原子是通过很强的键结合在一起的。

The strength of metals suggests that these atoms are held together by strong bonds. 3、微观结构是指能够通过显微镜观察到的而不是用肉眼直接观察到的结构，宏观是指可以直接用肉眼观察到的结构。

Microstructure, which includes features that cannot be seen with the naked eye, but using a microscope. Macrostructure includes features that can be seen with the naked eye.

4、原子核中质子和中子的量的综合就是原子量。

The atomic weight of an atom indicates how many protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Unit4：

相转变温度

phase transformation temperatures 比重specific gravity

熔点the melting point 重力加速度

the acceleration of gravity 磁导率magnetic permeability 热导率thermal conductivity

1. 化学性质是用来描述一种物质是怎样变成另外一种完全不同的物质的性质。Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.

2. 相变是一种物理性质，并且物质存在四种相：固相、液相、气相和等离子体。Phase is a physical property of matter and matter can exist in four phases : solid , liquid , gas and plasma .

3. 当温度低于熔点时，聚合物的晶体结构破坏，但其分子任然连接在分子链上，从而形成一种柔软和柔顺性材料。Instead , at some temperature below the melting point , they start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linked in chains , which results in a soft and pliable material.

4. 在工程应用中，渗透率通常用相对值而不是绝对值表示。In engineering applications , permeability is often expressed in relative , rather than in absolute , terms .

Unit5：

实验样品test specimen

静负荷static loading

作用力applied force

垂直轴normal axis

工程应变engineering strain 临界应力critical stress

屈服强度yield strength

应力面积stress area

应力-应变曲线stress-strain curve

1. 通常，温度低于室温时，金属合金的强度性质降低，而延展性、破碎韧度和拉伸性能增强。Temperature above room temperature usually cause a decrease in the strength properties of metallic alloys.

2. 从材料的角度来说，盈利是一种在材料内部所分布的力，他可以平衡所施加的负荷并与其发生相互作用。From the perspective of what is happening within a material , stress is the internal distribution of forces within a body that balance and