(完整版)一般将来时时态用法讲解

一般将来时时态
1. 一般将来时的定义
一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。

如：What will you do this afternoon？你今天下午干什么？
We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。

He is going to study abroad（到国外）next year. 明年他要出国学习。

2. 一般将来时的结构及应用
(1) shall / will + 动词原形。

表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。

特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情，只能用此结构。

如：
What shall we do if he doesn’t come? 如果他不来，我们该怎么办？
Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空吗？
I think he will tell us the truth（真相）。

我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。

(2) be going to + 动词原形。

表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。

如：
We are going to have a meeting to discuss （讨论）the matter this evening. 今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。

Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那边的乌云，我想天要下雨了。

There is going to be an English evening this week. 本周要举行一个英语晚会。

(3) be +现在分词。

表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。

这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。

如：
Go ahead, and I’m coming. 走前面一点吧，我就来。

The dog is dying. 那条狗要死了。

Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快点，商店就要关门了。

(4) 一般现在时。

表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。

比方说，上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。

如：
Don’t hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙，回忆八点过一刻开始。

The bus goes back at four thirty. 汽车四点返回。

巩固练习：
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Li Lei tells me he _________________(visit)the Great Wall（长城） this weekend.
2. My mother _________________(buy)me a pair of new trousers tomorrow.
3. She says she _________________(leave)soon.
4. We _________________(go) skating if it doesn’t rain next Sunday.
5. There _________________(be)an English evening next week.
6. Think over, and you _________________(get)a good idea.
7. —— ___________Jim ___________(have)a picnic next Monday?
——-No, he __________.
8. I _________________(miss)you after you leave here.
9. Who _________________(teach)you English next year
10. He _________________ (be) back in three hours.
11. Look at these clouds. It ___________________ (rain).
二、改错：每处划线中有错误，在题后改正
1. He will sing and dances for us tomorrow.
2. Are you going to swim? ------Yes, I will.
3. He will help Jim with his English every day.
4. Will her sister sings a song for me tomorrow?
5. They willn’t plant trees next week.
6. Are they going to plays basketball tomorrow?
7. Will we go to visit the factory tomorrow?
8. Paul will be going to make dumplings for Emma.
9. Are the boys going to the Great Wall next month? ------Yes, they will.
三、句型转换：
Jim is going to play football tomorrow. Mary will clean the windows next week.
否定句：____________________________ ______________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________ ______________________________ 两回答：___________________________ _____________________________
特殊疑问句：______________________ _____________________________
四、选择题
( )1. —Are you going to _______ our English team?
—Yes, I am.
A. take part in
B. join
C. took part in
D. joined
( )2. Xu Xia and her teammates are _______ the USA next week.
A. leaving for
B. leave for
C. leave
D. left
( )3. There _______ an English party in our class next week.
A. is going to have
B. is going to be
C. will have
D. Have
( ) 4. If it _______ tomorrow, we will go to the park.
A. isn’t rain
B. don’t rain
C. doesn’t rain
D. won’t rain
( )5. There ______ a football match next week. Shall we go and watch it?
A. will have
B. has
C. have
D. will be
“Would you mind doing…”句型透视
mind用作动词时，习惯后接动名词（短语）作宾语，而不接动词不定式，常用于Would you mind doing…？句型中，具体用法是：
1. “Would you mind doing…？”句型常用于表示请求，意思是“请你做……你是否介意？、请你做……好吗？”，是一种比较客气的表达方式。

如：
Would you mind turning off the light in the room？请你把房间里的灯关掉好吗？
如果要表示“请你不要做……你是否介意？、请你不要做……好吗？”，只需要在doing 前面加上not.如：
Would you mind not standing in front of me？请你不要站在我的前面好吗？
2. 如果同意，表示不介意时，可用如下用语来表达：
Certainly/Of course not./Not at all./No，not at all；如果不同意，表示介意时，常用“Sorry/I‘m sorry.”（对不起）及陈述某种理由来表示拒绝或反对。

如：
—Would you mind going to the movies this evening？今晚去看电影好吗？
—I‘m sorry. But I haven’t finished my homework yet.
对不起，我的作业还没有完成。

学习时还要注意：
1.“Would you mind doing…？”句型中的would也可用do代替，但语气较生硬，不如用would客气。

2.“Would you mind doing…？”句型中的逻辑主语只能是谈话的对方you.如果想要对方允许自己做某事，可用“Would you mind my doing…？”句型，如：
Would you mind my smoking here？
你介意我在这里吸烟吗？
巩固练习：
一、用下面提供的短语完成句子。

1. help me wash my clothes
Would you mind ______________________________？
2. give her a cup of tea
Would you mind _______________________________？
3. help him mend his car
Do you have _______________________________？
4. walk on the road
Would you mind _______________________________ on the road？
二、选择题
( )1. —Would you mind _______ us in the game?
—Not at all.
A. joining
B. join
C. join in
D. joining in
( )2. —Would you like to climb mountains with me this Sunday?
—I’d love to. But I _______ play table tennis against Class Three.
A. am going
B. am going to
C. am
D. going to
( )3. —Would you mind _______here?
—I’m sorry about that. I’ll go some where else.
A. no smoking
B. not smoking
C. no smoke
D. not smoke
had better用法详解
1. had better 的基本用法特点
其意为“最好”、“应该”，后接动词原形，与情态动词should用法相似，其中的had通常缩略为’d：
You’d better get some sleep．你最好去睡一会儿。

We had better go before it rains.我们最好在下雨前就去。

2. had better 如何构成否定式和疑问式
构成否定式时，通常将not置于had better之后(而不是had之后)；而构成疑问式时，则通常将had(而不是had better)置于主语之前：
I’d better not disturb him．我最好别去打扰他。

What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办?
练习题
( )1. —I’m afraid you have a cold. You’d better go to see a doctor.
—_______
A. No, I have no time.
B. That’s a good idea.
C. It’s very kind of you.
D. I’m sorry to hear that.
( )2. —I’m fat. What should I do?
—You’d better eat _______ meat and _______ fruits.
A. less; more
B. less; less
C. more; less
D. more; more
( )3. You had better ask your brother _______ playing computer games. It’s bad for him.
A. to give up
B. not to give up
C. to give it up
D. not give it up
( )4. —I have a stomachache. What should I do?
—You _______ drink sweet water and _______ eat sweet food.
A. had bett er not; shouldn’t
B. should; had better
C. had better; had better
D. shouldn’t; should
( )5. —I have a toothache.
—You should _______.
A. drink lots of water
B. take a rest
C. see a dentist
D. have a good sleep
情态动词的基本用法归纳
情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), need (needed), ought to等。

情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。

一、can, could
1. 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。

Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）
Mary can speak three languages.（知识）
Can you skate?（技能）
2.表示请求和允许。

-----Can I go now?
----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
此时可与may互换。

在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。

---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
3.表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。

They’ve changed the time table, so we can go by bus instead.
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4.表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

Can this be true?
This can’t be done by him.
How can this be true?
二、may, might
1. 表示请求和允许。

might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。

否定回答时可用can’t 或mus tn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。

----Might/ May I smoke in this room?
---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。

2.用于祈使句，表示祝愿。

May you succeed!
3. 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。

might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。

1．He may /might be very busy now.
2．Your mother may /might not know the truth.
三、must, have to
1. 表示必须、必要。

You must come in time.
在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2. must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。

must只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。

1）he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.
2）I had to work when I was your age.
3.表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）
1）You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
2）Your mother must be waiting for you now.
四、need
1.need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。

在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

1）You needn’t co me so early.
2）---- Need I finish the work today?
---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
2. need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。

而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

He needs to finish his homework today.
五、shall, should
1.shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。

What shall we do this evening?
2.shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

1）.You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
2）He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
3）He shall be punished.(威胁)
六、will, would
1.表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。

Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
2..表示意志、愿望和决心。

1）. I will never do that again.
2.）They asked him if he would go abroad.
3. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

1）. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.
2）. The wound would not heal.
七、should
1.should表示“应该”
1）. I should help her because she is in trouble.
2.表示推测should , (客观推测), must(主观推测)。

1）.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
2）He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)
3）This is where the oil must be.(直爽)
4）This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)
练习题
( )1. —May I ask you some questions, Dr. Wang?
—_______
A. You’re welcome.
B. Sure, go ahead.
C. No, I’m busy.
D. Yes, you must.
( )2. —Must I take part in the activity?
—No, you _______. You’re too young. You sh ould look after yourself.
A. mustn’t
B. don’t
C. can’t
D. don’t have to
( )3. —May I watch TV, Mom?
—I’m afraid you _______.
A. should not
B. can’t
C. must not
D. may not
( )4. —Must we keep the window _______ all the time?
—No, you don’t have to.
A. opening
B. opened
C. to open
D. open
( )5. —Must I take the medicine every day?
—No, you _______.
A. must
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. can’t
( )6. My mother is ill. I _______ stay at home to take care of her.
A. can
B. may
C. have to
D. maybe
( )7. —May I use your dictionary, Lily?
—Sure, _______.
A. go ahead
B. you can ask Bill
C. you can’t
D. that’s all right
反身代词用法归纳
一、反身代词的基本形式
反身代词是oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。

二、oneself与himself
当one指人时，其相应的反身代词通常用oneself, 在美国英语中也可用himself：
One should not praise oneself [himself]. 一个人不应该自吹自擂。

三、反身代词的句法功能：
1. 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末：The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。

Martin himself attended the sick man. 马丁亲自照顾病人。

2. 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)：
Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己。

She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。

The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭着哭着睡着了。

3. 用作表语
The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。

( )1. —He plays basketball so well! Who taught _______?
—He learnt it by _______.
A. him; him
B. himself; himself
C. him; himself
D. himself; him
要求四会的单词
名词
体育运动
team match football tennis baseball
skating rowing cycling basketball soccer
人物或称谓类
person player musician scientist pilot
policeman policewoman postman fisherman
hero grandfather grandmother grandparents
物品类
basket cup paper gold record brush ring
处所类
grass theatre/theater museum factory
身体健康类
body health toothache headache fever
cough stomachache illness medicine heart
食品饮料类
coffee tea candy fruit sugar
tomato+es potato+es salt watermelon sandwich
strawberry beef biscuit meal
时间类
age century weekend
文化信息类
information website Internet dictionary
knowledge message passage culture
其他
shower fact care advice(a piece of advice) news pity article smoke risk question habit world war introduction note smile peace
south middle taxi answer litter voice score line phone example skill
point chance suggestion mind side
dream future friendship jump part
形容词或副词
weak←→strong least ←→most popular←→unpopular
healthy =fit←→ill fat ←→thin dirty←→clean
useful←→ useless dark←→bright hungry←→ full
dead←→alive cheap ←→expensive=dear true←→ false
correct←→ wrong possible ←→impossible quite excited /exciting tired/tiring
certainly badly really finally even famous mad angry main successful enough terrible serious still funny active modern necessary
动词：
win cheer row join skate cycle
dream grow spend jump relax
leave kick pass throw fight
enjoy/practice/ finish/ mind +doing sth. advise kill
invent become follow hold score
point hit hear ring stand feel break record suggest lift boil brush
lie cry care check worry cause
smoke taste force risk build happen
介词
against through without off except
词组荟萃
名词词组
table tennis the day after tomorrow day and night
ice cream potato chips first aid relay race
动词词组
cheer...on grow up be good for
be good at=do well in←→do badly in take part in keep fit leave for fall ill give sb. a hand shout at sb.
do one’s best=try one’s best be angry with talk about come into being stand for have a cold lie down worry about go ahead build sb. up take care of
介词词组及其他
for example at least in fact as...as possible in the future
on the other hand instead of all over at first
课本中出现的词组或搭配归纳
be able to be sure be interested in see sb. do/doing sth join the school rowing team join sb spend ... doing sth the high jump the long jump turn ... into... make sb./sth. +adj. all over the world help sb. do sth play against have fun
the most popular sports stop sb from doing sth. such as/for example hundreds of year s the boys’ 800-meter race lots of = a lot of make friends with sb. win the first place next time
look/ get well/better take one’s advice
take medicine take/have a bath have/take a rest
feel like doing sth. go up go out
fall down nothing serious stay up
have a good rest do morning/eye exercises tell/ask sb to do sth. give up show sb. sth.= show sth. to sb. too much
重句大本营
1.—What are you going to do?
—I’m going to play basketball.
2.—Would you like to come and cheer us on?
—Sure，I’d love to.
3.—Which sport do you prefer, swimming or rowing?
—I prefer rowing.
4.—Are you going to join the school rowing team?
—Yes, I am./ No, I’m not.
5.—What’s your favorite sport, ________ ?
—Basketball, of course.
6.—Who’s your favorite player?
—LeBron James.
7.—What are you going to be when you grow up?
—I’m going to be a scientist.
8.—Why do you like playing soccer?
—Because it makes him strong and it’s popular all over the world.
9.—_______, could you help me(=give me a hand), please?
—Sure.
10.—Will you join us?
—I’d be glad to.
11.—Would you mind teaching me?
—Not at all. You can do it!
12.—Would you mind not putting your bike here?
—Sorry. I’ll put it somewhere else.
13.—_______, I am sorry for what I said.(宾语从句）
—It’s nothing.
14.—Will you take part in the school sports meet?
—Of course I will.
15.—Which sport will you take part in?
—The boys’ 800-meter race.
16.—Hello, is _______ in ?
—Speaking.
17.—What shall we take?
—We’ll take our sports clothes and sports shoes.
18.—Shall I take my camera?
—Good idea! It’ll be fun
19.—When shall we meet?
—Let’s make it half past six.
20.—Where shall we meet?
—At my house.
21.—Hello, _________! You d on’t look well. What’s wrong with you？=What’s the
matter with you?=What is the matter with you?
—I have a toothache/backache/stomachache/headache/fever.(I have the flu.) 22.—I hope you’ll get well soon.
—Thank you.
23.—How long have you been like this?
—Two days./For two days.
24.—You’d better take some medicine.
—I think I will.
25.—How are you feeling today?
—Not too bad.
26.—Staying up late is bad for your health.
—Right! I must have a good rest.
27.—May I ask you some questions, Dr. Li?
—Sure, go ahead.
28.—Must we go to see a doctor at once when we have the flu?
—Yes, we must./No, we needn’t.(we don’t have to).
29.—Could I speak to Dr. Li Yuping?
30.—I’m afraid he is busy right now.
—Can I leave a message ?
—Sure, go ahead.
其他重要句型
1.She spends half an hour exercising in the gym every day.
2.There is going to be a school sports meet next weekend.
3.They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.
4.Basketball is one of the most popular sports in the United States and other parts
of the world.
5.It’s important for you and the other players to play as a team.
6.With hundreds of years’ history, it is one of the most popular sports in England.
7.The Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics are both held every four years.
8.You’d better stay in bed and not move your left leg too much.
9.Follow the doctor’s advice, and you’ll get well soon.=If you follow the doctor’s
advice, you’ll get well soon.
10.Be careful not to eat too much salt or sugar.
11.But his mother made him taste it.
12.They must give up smoking as soon as possible.
13.Playing sports can also help you keep fit.。