美国文学特点

美国文学史的发展随着美国历史的发展，而在各个时期产生了不同的文学作品。在殖民地时期，他们的作品一方面描述了发现新大陆和探索文学作品。另一发面是清教作品。清教作品是主要反映他们的自我的精神。而随后代浪漫主义时期文学，他们以美国人为中心，描绘本土风情，反映美国的自身问题。主要反映自由，拓展和个人主义精神。随后到来的超验主义以爱默生为代表。超验主义提倡崇高，谨慎，社会改革和教育，个人主义胜于传统和社会的原则。但由于战争的影响，这个时期的作品主要是揭露社会的阴暗面。这些文学作品带有浓厚的本土色彩和批判现实主义。随着战争的爆发，美国文学也进入了现代主义时期。现代主义文学作品在形式和内容上都有了很大的改革。

The development of American literature as American history of development, and in various periods produces different literary works. In colonial times, their works on the one hand describes from discovering the new continent and explore literature. Another charges Puritan work is. The Puritan work is mainly reflect their own spirit. And then the generation of romanticism in American literature, their artificial center, depicting local amorous feelings, reflect America's own problem. Mainly reflects the freedom, expanding and individualism spirit. Then coming transcendence represented by Emerson. Transcendence sublime, cautious, advocated social reform and education, individualism is better than the traditional and social principles. But because the war is this period, the influence of the main works are exposing the social anybody. These literary works with strong local color and critical realism. With the outbreak of the war, American literature has entered the modern socialist period. The modernist literature works in form and content had the very big reform.

摘要：20世纪为美国文学的空前繁荣和发展提供了充分的时间和空间，该文从背景，美国文学创作主题，社会文化和思想等反面展示了20世纪美国文学发展的主体特征——多元化。

关键词：20世纪；主体特征；多元化

1.引言

纵观20世纪百年历史，人们可以看到美国文学得到了空前的繁荣和发展。进入20世纪，美国文学步入“第二次繁荣”时期，美国作家中涌现出一大批接触分子，他们继承和保持了推陈出新的优良传统，把对前代作家创作模式的否定或至少是部分地否定作为自己的起点，探索和拓展的创造模式到20世纪中叶美国文学的多元化的主体特征已基本形成。

2.二十世纪美国文学发展的主题特征——多元化

2.1形成背景

20世纪的美国是个社会背景复杂，而人性走向简化（非理性化）的时代。是个文学思潮迭起，而主导力量缺失的时代。繁荣的20年代；红色的30年代；大战结束，冷战到来的40年代；麦卡锡主义盛行，沉默一代出现的50年代；学生反战运动，黑人民权运动，解放运动及女权运动此起彼伏的60-70年代；经济复苏，寻求全球霸主地位的80-90年代构成了20世纪美国文学多元化的主题，此时各种流派的文学思想和风格沉现出百花齐放，百家争鸣，欣欣向荣的景象。

Abstract: for the American literature of the 20th century the unprecedented prosperity and development provides sufficient time and space, this article from the background, American literature creation theme, social culture and thought and other opposite shows the development of twentieth century American literary characteristics - diversified subjects.

Keywords: the 20th century; Main features; diversified

1. Introduction

Throughout the 20th century hundred years history, people can see American literature to enjoy unprecedented prosperity and development. In the 20th century, American literature into the "second prosperity" period, American writer emerged in a large number of contact molecules, they inherit and keep the fine tradition of innovation of previous generations, to the writer creative mode deny or at least partially negative as your starting point, explore and develop create mode to the mid-twentieth century American literary diversified subject characteristics has basically taken shape.

2. The development of 20th century American literature thematic characteristics - diversity 2.1 forming background

The 20th century America is a social background complex, and humanity to simplify (not rational) era. A showdown, and dominant literary trend strength missing era. Prosperous the 1920s; Red of the 1930s; War in the 1940s, the arrival of the cold war; McCarthyism