孔子与培根教育思想的异同

*
“knowledge is power” Background
* Three aspects of “knowledge is
power”
科学知识是认识自然、驾驭自然的伟大力量，是使自然成为人类 服务的力量
知识不仅是认识和驾驭自然的力量，同时也是改革社会的力量
知识是形成完善人格的重要工具
*崇尚自然----崇尚自然科学
The educational theory
Confucianism Confucius was the first person in Chinese history to begin private education, bringing the access to knowledge learning. Heuristic Education 子曰：‚不愤不启，不悱不发，举一 隅而以三隅反，则不复也。‛ The Innovation Education
Confucius 孔子
Contents
1
2
The brief introduction of Confucius' life
The Confucius’ main educational theories
Confucius' life
Confucius
Confucius (551–479 BC)was a Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history.
* A representative of the Renaissance in England * He served both as Attorney General （司法部长）and Lord
Chancellor（上议院大法官）of England.
* Bacon has been called the father of empiricism（经验主义）. * founder of modern science in England
*General Introduction
16
*Marx:
“the real father of English materialism and experimental sciences of modern times in general”
英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖。
*Pope:
Inductive method(归纳法)
*培根新的归纳法，“从感觉与特殊事物中把
公理引申出来，然后不断地逐渐上升，最后 才达到最普遍的公理”。 即对一类对象的个 别事物进行观察、实验和研究，得出一般性 的结沦，达到规律性的认识。即从特殊性到 一般性来探寻事物的本质，强调真理离不开 实践。
*Deductive method
Literary Works:
Essays 《论说文集》 Death Goodness Of studies
*Works
*Bacon’s
Essays is the first example of that kind in English literature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English essay.
Confucius
Old age: Collated famous ancient books: 、、 <诗shi><书shu><礼li><易yi><乐 yue><春秋 chunqiu> 73 years old : Died of illness After he died: <The analects of Confucius>
*Bacon’s essays are famous for their
brevity(简洁), compactness（紧凑） and powerfulness.
*Bacon’s essays
knowledge is power
培根所提出了一句经典名言的“知识就是力量”
Bacon’s Educational Thoughts
子贡问曰：‚孔文子何以谓之‘文’也？‛子曰： ‚敏而好学，不耻下问，是以谓之‘文’也。‛ Zi Gong asked: ‚Why was Kong Wen Zi called ‘Wen’ ?‛ Confucius replied: ‚He was quick and devoted to learning, and not ashamed to asked those below him. That is why he is called ‘Wen’‛. 知之为知之, 不知为不知,是知也。 What you know, you know, what you don‘t know, you don’t know. This is knowledge.
‚吾十有五而志于学，三十 而立，四十而不惑，五十而 知天命，六十而耳顺，七十 而从心所欲，不逾矩。‛
He was the a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many Confucius wise phrases and theories about the law , life. Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn something about nature , the world , and the human behavior. Thinker Educator Statesman Philosopher Founder of the Confucian school and Confucianism Symbol of Chinese culture
*教学原则
1.启发性原则Heuristic education 2.循序渐进原则Step by step education 3.因材施教的原则 Personalized education
*教学方法
1.科学归纳法 scientific introductive method 2.倡导以格言警局的形式来传授知识advocate knowledge in the method of aphorism 3.问题与解答的教学方法teaching method of problem and solution 4.强调练习的重要性emphasizing the importance of practice
温故而知新, 可以为师矣。 Reviewing what you have learned and learning anew, you are fit to be a teacher. 学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。 Learning without thinking leads to confusion; Jeong Do-jeon thinking without learning ends in danger. 정도전 知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。 To prefer it is better than only to know it. To delight in it is better than merely to prefer it.
*早期，科学依附于神学。而培根曾起草百科
全书式的学科大纲，几乎包括了科学知识以 及新技术的各个方面，却惟独没有宗教神学 的地位。这个新的科学体系对后来学校课程 的科学化影响很大。17世纪洛克重视实用的 课程体系，以及18世纪法国启蒙学者们的百 科全书计划，都曾受到培根这一科学体系的 启发。
*
百科全书式的学科大纲
“the wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind”
聪明绝顶,也最下流无耻
The philosophical works:
*Advancement of Learning《学术的推进》（1605） *Novum Organum 《新工具论》 （1620） *New Atlantis《新大西岛》 （1624-1626）
*培根教学思想
* （1）倡导科学教育，开创了科学发展、科学教
育的新时代
* （2）启发英国及其他国家的教育家，为近代教
育的发展指引了新的方向
*培根教育思想的作用
* 培根的大学设想----《新大
西岛》
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有教无类。 In teaching people, there is no discrimination (of class, type, etc.) 学而不厌，诲人不倦。 Learning without satiety, instructing others without being wearied. 三人行, 必有我师焉：择其善者而从之, 其不善者而改之。 When three men are walking together, there is one who can be my teacher. I pick out people’s good and follow it. When I see their bad points, I correct them in myself.
* Francis Bacon(1561-1626)
弗朗西斯·培根
* Francis Bacon, （22th January 1561 – 9th April 1626） was an
English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, essayist and author.
Pe源自文库sonalized education
2015/9/16
His Philosophy of Education Education target: the first person to open a private school to common people Course content: morality, proper speech, government, the refined arts Pedagogical[pedə'gɔdʒikəl] methods: He poses questions, or uses apt analogies, and waits for his students to arrive at the right answers. Education goal: to create superior men
develop
Provide education for all people without discrimination
子曰：‚有教无类，人人我都教育，一 视同仁，没有区别。‛ Compulsory education
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Educationg someone according to his natural ability 子路问：‚闻斯行诸？‛ 子曰：‚有父兄在，如之 何其闻斯行之？‛冉有问： ‚闻斯行诸？‛子曰： ‚闻斯行之。‛公西华曰： ‚由也问‘闻斯行诸’， 子曰‘有父兄在’；求也 问‘闻斯行诸’，子曰 ‘闻斯行之’。赤也惑， 敢问？‛子曰：‚求也退， 故进之；由也兼人，故退 之。
新工具-----知识就是力量
*（1） 在早期中世纪，科学知识是神学的仆役，
十三世纪以来，由于社会生产的发展，经济生活 的繁盛，新兴市民阶层日益感到知识的重要。
*（2） 十四至十六世纪，文艺复兴运动和宗教改
革运动活跃了人们自由探索的精神，科学知识的 作用和价值日益受到人们的肯定。这种社会条件 更是培根提出新的知识论的沃土。