托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO32-2

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托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO26-3（上）

托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO26-3（上）托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO26-3（上）托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。

本文带来的是TPO26-3的事实信息题(上)，一起来看看吧。

TPO26-3 Sumer and the First Cities of the Ancient Near East Paragraph 1:The earliest of the city states of the ancient Near East appeared at the southern end of the Mesopotamian plain, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now Iraq. It was here that the civilization known as Sumer emerged in its earliest form in the fifth millennium. At first sight, the plain did not appear to be a likely home for a civilization. There were few natural resources, no timber, stone, or metals. Rainfall was limited, and what water there was rushed across the plain in the annual flood of melted snow. As the plain fell only 20 meters in 500 kilometers, the beds of the rivers shifted constantly. It was this that made the organization of irrigation, particularly the building of canals to channel and preserve the water, essential. Once this was done and the silt carried down by the rivers was planted, the rewards were rich: four to five times what rain-fed earth would produce. It was these conditions that allowed an elite to emerge, probably as an organizing class, and to sustain itself through the control of surplus crops.1: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a disadvantage of the Mesopotamian plain?○There was not very much rainfall for most of the year.○Melting snow caused flooding every year.○The silt deposited by rivers damaged crops.○Timber, stone and metals were not readily available.解题：A选项的rainfall和B的melting snow做关键词定位至第五句，都正确，不选;C的silt确实讲过，但并没讲damaged crops，所以C错，选;D的timber, stone and metals定位至第四句，正确，不选。

tpo32三篇托福阅读TOEFL原文译文题目答案译文背景知识

tpo32三篇托福阅读TOEFL原文译文题目答案译文背景知识阅读-1 (2)原文 (2)译文 (5)题目 (7)答案 (16)背景知识 (16)阅读-2 (25)原文 (25)译文 (28)题目 (31)答案 (40)背景知识 (41)阅读-3 (49)原文 (49)译文 (53)题目 (55)答案 (63)背景知识 (64)阅读-1原文Plant Colonization①Colonization is one way in which plants can change the ecology of a site.Colonization is a process with two components:invasion and survival.The rate at which a site is colonized by plants depends on both the rate at which individual organisms(seeds,spores,immature or mature individuals)arrive at the site and their success at becoming established and surviving.Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization–a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established.For a given rate of invasion,colonization of a moist,fertile site is likely to be much more rapid than that of a dry, infertile site because of poor survival on the latter.A fertile,plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds,whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse,infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.②Both the rate of invasion and the rate of extinction vary greatly among different plant species.Pioneer species-those that occur only in the earliest stages of colonization-tend to have high rates of invasion because they produce very large numbers of reproductive propagules(seeds,spores,and so on)and because they have an efficient means of dispersal(normally,wind).③If colonizers produce short-lived reproductive propagules,they must produce very large numbers unless they have an efficient means of dispersal to suitable new habitats.Many plants depend on wind for dispersal and produce abundant quantities of small,relatively short-lived seeds to compensate for the fact that wind is not always a reliable means If reaching the appropriate type of habitat.Alternative strategies have evolved in some plants,such as those that produce fewer but larger seeds that are dispersed to suitable sites by birds or small mammals or those that produce long-lived seeds.Many forest plants seem to exhibit the latter adaptation,and viable seeds of pioneer species can be found in large numbers on some forest floors. For example,as many as1,125viable seeds per square meter were found in a100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in coastal British Columbia.Nearly all the seeds that had germinated from this seed bank were from pioneer species.The rapid colonization of such sites after disturbance is undoubtedly in part a reflection of the largeseed band on the forest floor.④An adaptation that is well developed in colonizing species is a high degree of variation in germination(the beginning of a seed’s growth). Seeds of a given species exhibit a wide range of germination dates, increasing the probability that at least some of the seeds will germinate during a period of favorable environmental conditions.This is particularly important for species that colonize an environment where there is no existing vegetation to ameliorate climatic extremes and in which there may be great climatic diversity.⑤Species succession in plant communities,i.e.,the temporal sequence of appearance and disappearance of species is dependent on events occurring at different stages in the life history of a species. Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role in determining patterns of succession,especially secondary succession. The species that are first to colonize a site are those that produce abundant seed that is distributed successfully to new sites.Such species generally grow rapidly and quickly dominate new sites, excluding other species with lower invasion and growth rates.The first community that occupies a disturbed area therefore may be composed of specie with the highest rate of invasion,whereas the community of the subsequent stage may consist of plants with similar survival ratesbut lower invasion rates.译文植物定居①定居是植物改变一个地点生态环境的一种方式。

托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO23-2-智课教育旗下智课教育

智课网托福备考资料托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO23-2-智课教育旗下智课教育本文和大家分享的是托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO23-2，正在准备托福阅读的学生可以一起来看看这份tpo阅读事实信息题的集合，希望能给大家的托福考试准备带来帮助。

托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。

本文带来的是TPO23-2的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。

TPO23-2 Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agricultureparagraph 2Apart from this, being able to give up labor-intensive grain production freed both the land and the workforce for more productive agricultural divisions. The peasants specialized in livestock husbandry and dairy farming as well as in cultivating industrial crops and fodder crops: flax, madder, and rape were grown, as were tobacco, hops, and turnips. These products were bought mostly by urban businesses. There was also a demand among urban consumers for dairy products such as butter and cheese, which, in the sixteenth century, had become more expensive than grain. The high prices encouraged the peasants to improve their animal husbandry techniques; for example, they began feeding their animals indoors in order to raise the milk yield of their cows.4. According to paragraph 2, the increases demands on Dutch agriculture made by urban consumers had which of the following results?A. Seasonal shortages of the products consumers most wantedB. Increased production of high-quality grain productsC. Raised prices charged by peasants to urban consumersD. Different ways of caring for dairy-producing animals解析：以urban consumers做关键词定位至倒数第二句，说城市消费者需要奶制品，而奶制品比谷物价格贵得多，但这句只说了现象，没说结果，往下看。

托福TPO3阅读真题原文题目及答案Part2

托福TPO3阅读真题原文题目及答案Part2托福TPO作为托福的模考工具，它的题目对于我们备考托福很有参考价值，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家整理了托福TPO3阅读真题及答案Part2，望喜欢！托福TPO3阅读真题原文Part2Depletion of the Ogallala AquiferThe vast grasslands of the High Plains in the central United States were settled by farmers and ranchers in the 1880s. This region has a semiarid climate, and for 50 years after its settlement, it supported a low-intensity agricultural economy of cattle ranching and wheat farming. In the early twentieth century, however, it was discovered that much of the High Plains was underlain by a huge aquifer (a rock layer containing large quantities of groundwater). This aquifer was named the Ogallala aquifer after the Ogallala Sioux Indians, who once inhabited the region.The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota. Water from rains and melting snows has been accumulating in the Ogallala for the past 30,000 years. Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early 1930s. The ensuing rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture, especially from the 1950s onward, transformed the economy of the region. More than 100,000 wellsnow tap the Ogallala. Modern irrigation devices, each capable of spraying 4.5 million liters of water a day, have produced a landscape dominated by geometric patterns of circular green islands of crops. Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the cotton, sorghum, wheat, and corn grown in the United States. In addition, 40 percent of American grain-fed beef cattle are fattened here.This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate-that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply-has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically. In the 1930s, wells encountered plentiful water at a depth of about 15 meters; currently, they must be dug to depths of 45 to 60 meters or more. In places, the water table is declining at a rate of a meter a year, necessitating the periodic deepening of wells and the use of ever-more-powerful pumps. It is estimated that at current withdrawal rates, much of the aquifer will run dry within 40 years. The situation is most critical in Texas, where the climate is driest, the greatest amount of water is being pumped, and the aquifer contains the least water. It is projected that the remaining Ogallala water will, by the year 2030, support only 35 to 40 percent of the irrigated acreage in Texas that is supported in 1980.The reaction of farmers to the inevitable depletion of the Ogallala varies. Many have been attempting to conserve water by irrigating less frequently or by switching to crops that require less water. Others, however, have adopted the philosophy that it is best to use the water while it is still economically profitable to do so and to concentrate on high-value crops such as cotton. The incentive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting byusing great amounts of water, and in the process are drawing down the entire region's water supplies.In the face of the upcoming water supply crisis, a number of grandiose schemes have been developed to transport vast quantities of water by canal or pipeline from the Mississippi, the Missouri, or the Arkansas rivers.Unfortunately, the cost of water obtained through any of these schemes would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the region uncompetitive on the national and international markets. Somewhat more promising have been recent experiments for releasing capillary water (water in the soil) above the water table by injecting compressed air into the ground. Even if this process proves successful, however, it would almost triple water costs. Genetic engineering also may provide a partial solution, as new strains of drought-resistant crops continue to be developed. Whatever the final answer to the water crisis may be, it is evident that within the High Plains, irrigation water will never again be the abundant, inexpensive resource it was during the agricultural boom years of the mid-twentieth century.Paragraph 1: The vast grasslands of the High Plains in the central United States were settled by farmers and ranchers in the 1880s. This region has a semiarid climate, and for 50 years after its settlement, it supported a low-intensity agricultural economy of cattle ranching and wheat farming. In the early twentieth century, however, it was discovered that much of the High Plains was underlain by a huge aquifer (a rock layer containing large quantities of groundwater). This aquifer was named the Ogallala aquifer after the Ogallala Sioux Indians, who once inhabited the region.托福TPO3阅读真题题目Part21.According to paragraph 1, which of the following statements about the High Plains is true?○Until farmers and rancher s settled there in the 1880s, the High Plains had never been inhabited.○The climate of the High Plains is characterized by higher-than-average temperatures.○The large aquifer that lies underneath the High Plains was discovered by the Ogallala Sioux Indians.○Before the early 1900s there was only a small amount of farming and ranching in the High Plains.Paragraph 2: The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota. Water from rains and melting snows has been accumulating in the Ogallala for the past 30,000 years. Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.2. According to paragraph 2, all of the following statements about the Ogallala aquifer are true EXCEPT:○The aquifer stretches from South Dakota to Texas.○The aquifer's water comes from underground springs.○Water has been gatheri ng in the aquifer for 30,000 years.○The aquifer's water is stored in a layer of sandstone.3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Despite the current impressive size of the Ogallala aquifer, the region's climate keeps the rates of water addition very small.○Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate of only half a centimeter a year, it will eventually accumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.○Because of the region's present climatic conditions, water is being added each year to the aquifer.○Even when the region experiences unfortunate climatic conditions, the rates of addition of water continue to increase.Paragraph 3: The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early 1930s. The ensuing rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture, especially from the 1950s onward, transformed the economy of the region. More than 100,000 wells now tap the Ogallala. Modern irrigation devices, each capable of spraying 4.5 million liters of water a day, have produced a landscape dominated by geometric patterns of circular green islands of crops. Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the cotton, sorghum, wheat, and corn grown in the United States. In addition, 40 percent of American grain-fed beef cattle are fattened here.4. The word "ensuing" in the passage is closest in meaning to○continuing○surprising○initial○subsequent5. In paragraph 3, why does the author provide the information that 40 percent of American cattle are fattened in the High Plains?○To suggest that crop cultivation is not the most importantpart of the economy of the High Plains○To indicate that not all economic activity in the High Plains is dependent on irrigation○To provide another example of how water from the Ogallala has transformed the economy of the High Plains○To contrast cattle-fattening practices in the High Plains with those used in other region of the United StatesParagraph 4: This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate-that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply-has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically. In the 1930s, wells encountered plentiful water at a depth of about 15 meters; currently, they must be dug to depths of 45 to 60 meters or more. In places, the water table is declining at a rate of a meter a year, necessitating the periodic deepening of wells and the use of ever-more-powerful pumps. It is estimated that at current withdrawal rates, much of the aquifer will run dry within 40 years. The situation is most critical in Texas, where the climate is driest, the greatest amount of water is being pumped, and the aquifer contains the least water. It is projected that the remaining Ogallala water will, by the year 2030, support only 35 to 40 percent of the irrigated acreage in Texas that is supported in 1980.6. The word "unprecedented" in the passage is closest in meaning to○difficult to control○without any restriction○unlike anything in the past○rapidly expanding7. The word "virtually" in the passage is closest in meaningto○clearly○perhaps○frequently○almost8. According to paragraph 4, all of following are consequences of the heavy use of the Ogallala aquifer for irrigation EXCEPT:○The recharge rate of the aquifer is decreasing.○Water tables in the region are becoming increasingly lower.○Wells now have to be dug to much greater depths than before.○Increasingly powerful pumps are needed to draw water from the aquifer.9. According to paragraph 4, compared with all other states that use Ogallala water for irrigation, Texas○has the greatest amount of farmland being irrigated with Ogallala water○contains the largest amount of Ogallala water underneath the soil○is expected to face the worst water supply crisis as the Ogallala runs dry○uses the least amount of Ogallala water for its irrigation needsParagraph 5: The reaction of farmers to the inevitable depletion of the Ogallala varies. Many have been attempting to conserve water by irrigating less frequently or by switching to crops that require less water. Others, however, have adopted the philosophy that it is best to use the water while it is still economically profitable to do so and to concentrate on high-value crops such as cotton. The incentive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water, and in the process are drawing down the entire region's water supplies.10. The word "inevitable" in the passage is closest in meaning to○unfortunate○predictable○u navoidable○final11. Paragraph 5 mentions which of the following as a source of difficulty for some farmers who try to conserve water?○Crops that do not need much water are difficult to grow in the High Plains.○Farmers who grow crops that need a lot of water make higher profits.○Irrigating less frequently often leads to crop failure.○Few farmers are convinced that the aquifer will eventually run dry.Paragraph 6: In the face of the upcoming water supply crisis, a number of grandiose schemes have been developed to transport vast quantities of water by canal or pipeline from the Mississippi, the Missouri, or the Arkansas rivers. Unfortunately, the cost of water obtained through any of these schemes would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the region uncompetitive on the national and international markets. Somewhat more promising have been recent experiments for releasing capillary water (water in the soil) above the water table by injectingcompressed air into the ground. Even if this process proves successful, however, it would almost triple water costs. Genetic engineering also may provide a partial solution, as new strains of drought-resistant crops continue to be developed. Whatever the final answer to the water crisis may be, it is evident that within the High Plains, irrigation water will never again be the abundant, inexpensive resource it was during the agricultural boom years of the mid-twentieth century.12.According to paragraph 6, what is the main disadvantage of the proposed plans to transport river water to the High Plains?○The rivers cannot supply sufficient water for the farmer's needs.○Increased irrigation costs would make the products too expensive.○The costs of using capillar y water for irrigation will increase.○Farmers will be forced to switch to genetically engineered crops.Paragraph 5: The reaction of farmers to the inevitable depletion of the Ogallala varies. Many have been attempting to conserve water by irrigating less frequently or by switching to crops that require less water. █Others, however, have adopted the philosophy that it is best to use the water while it is still economically profitable to do so and to concentrate on high-value crops such as cotton. █The ince ntive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water, and in the process are drawing down the entire region's water supplies. █Paragraph 6: In the face of the upcoming water supply crisis, a number of grandiose schemes have been developed totransport vast quantities of water by canal or pipeline from the Mississippi, the Missouri, or the Arkansas rivers. █Unfortunately, the cost of water obtained through any of these schemes would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the region uncompetitive on the national and international markets. Somewhat more promising have been recent experiments for releasing capillary water (water in the soil) above the water table by injecting compressed air into the ground. Even if this process proves successful, however, it would almost triple water costs. Genetic engineering also may provide a partial solution, as new strains of drought-resistant crops continue to be developed. Whatever the final answer to the water crisis may be, it is evident that within the High Plains, irrigation water will never again be the abundant, inexpensive resource it was during the agricultural boom years of the mid-twentieth century.13.Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passageBut even if uncooperative farmers were to join in the conservation efforts, this would only delay the depletion of the aquifer.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.The Ogallala aquifer is a large underground source of water in the High Plains region of the United States.●●●Answer choices○The use of the Ogallala for irrigation has allowed the High Plains to become one of the most productive agricultural regions in the United States.○Given the aquifer's low recharge rate, its use for irrigation is causing water tables to drop and will eventually lead to its depletion.○Releasing capillary water and introducing drought-resistant crops are less-promising solutions to the water supply crisis than bringing in river water○The periodic deepening of wells and the use of more-powerful pumps would help increase the natural recharge rate of the Ogallala.○In Texas, a great deal of attention is being paid to genetic engineering because it is there that the most critical situation exists.○Several solutions to the upcoming water supply crisis have been proposed, but none of them promises to keep the costs of irrigation low.托福TPO3阅读真题答案Part2参考答案：1. ○42. ○23. ○14. ○45. ○36. ○37. ○48. ○19. ○310. ○311. ○212. ○213. ○314. The use of the Ogallala for…Given the aquifer's low recharge…Several solutions to the upcoming…托福TPO3阅读翻译Part2奥加拉拉蓄水层的枯竭19世纪80年代，在美国中部北美大平原的广阔草原上定居着农场主们和牧场主们。

TPO 32 托福综合写作+独立写作范文

TPO 32综合写作：范文：The reading passage concentrates on several theories about the cause of the odd sounds. However, in the lecture, the professor respectively points out the problems in all his assertions.First, even though the reading passage suggests that the noises were caused by orcas during courtship ritual, the professor argues that orcas live in the surface of the water whereas the submarines dived to the deep ocean and thus cannot hear the sounds. Besides, the nearby whales could have been found by the sonar.Second, despite the statement in the reading passage that the sounds were emitted by giant squid that approached the submarines with curiosity, the professor contends that squids have always lived in the ocean and therefore it’s unlikely that their sounds were first detected in 1960s but disappeared by 1980.Third, the author asserts that the quackers were caused by a foreign submarine while the professor proves that this claim is indefensible by pointing out that submarines cannot move or change direction so quickly with no engine noise because even today we are technologically impossible to build that kind of submarines.独立写作：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people today have no influence on the important decisions that determine the future of society as a whole. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.The most influential people in a society are often in their middle ages or even older. They obtain a better knowledge in a specific field as well as more abundant experiences in their longer span of life. However, it is unreasonable to admit that young people are absent when society is on an evolutionary change, in fact, they all have tremendous affection for it.Teens or twenties are taking an active role in politics. Although their direct influences areweak, partly because they do not have a seat in the inner circle of governments, there are a horde of roads for them to glory. For instance, in China, people who are over 18 possess the right to elect and to be elected. Therefore, if only they reach that age, they can directly lead or at least participate in a political decision. Besides, affected by the modern society, the system of civil servants is on revolutionary change, among them being the juveniles. More and more new-comers are shown as productive and highly-skilled as the old hand, especially after a while of training. Suffice to say, young generations are involved in political decision-making with power.It is imperative to say that young people also indirectly affect the whole country. We, young students have more passion in following latest news, discussing politics and policies, and mastering in social work. With the advent of the internet, our creative thoughts can be swiftly exchanged and spread through the critiques or comments we post, which run into a strong will loud enough to be heard. Governments or other powerful bureaucracies often take it seriously. Even more, officials are used to gathering peoples' preferences through an open vote raised on the main websites. For example, the Chinese government has raised a vote about whether to extend the retirement age, if yes, how long. But after 1 week voting, almost all citizens opposed the extension on retiring, and the statistics show half of the voters are below 30. As a result, the government put this agenda aside.Young people also exert their effects on society by working in non-governmental organizations. They are concerned about severe environment issues, natural resources or focus more on human beings, such as helping the poor, running for charity and caring for the old. Statistics from the National Report suggests that nearly 80% of social workers are young, and what they are fighting for not only sets an alarm to the official ministries, but also makes substantial progress in improving the social welfare and social justice. Those outcomes do make a better world, no one can deny that what they have achieved does nothing about our future.All in all, the young are and have become influential in decision-making, because they can directly or indirectly set step in political affairs via various methods as well as improve the society in all aspects through their hard work in non-governmental organizations. Nothing can contradict their efforts in making a better world.。

托福TPO32阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福 TPO32 阅读 Passage2 原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
Siam,1851–1910
In the late nineteenth century,political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam(now Thailand).The old ruling families were being displaced by an evolving centralized government.These families were pensioned off(given a sum of money to live on)or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted;their sons were enticed away to schools for district officers,later to be posted in some faraway provinces;and the old patron-client relations that had bound together local societies simply disintegrated.Local rulers could no longer protect their relatives and attendants in legal cases,and with the ending in 1905 of the practice of forcing peasant farmers to work part-time for local rulers,the rulers no longer had a regular base for relations with rural populations.The old local ruling families,then,were severed from their traditional social context.

精品文档托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO31-3

托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO31-3 托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。

本文带来的是TPO31-3的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。

TPO31-3 Savanna Formation【2】Savannas typically experience a rather prolonged dry season. One theory behind savanna formation is that wet forest species are unable to withstand the dry season, and thus savanna, rather than rain forest, is favored on the site. Savannas experience an annual rainfall of between 1000 and 2000 millimeters, most of it falling in a five-to-eight month wet season. Though plenty of rain may fall on a savanna during the year, for at least part of the year little does, creating the drought stress ultimately favoring grasses. Such conditions prevail throughout much of northern South America and Cuba, but many Central American savannas as well as coastal areas of Brazil and the island of Trinidad do not fit this pattern. In these areas, rainfall per month exceeds that in the above definition, so other factors must contribute to savanna formation.2.In paragraph 2，the author mentions savannas in Central America, Brazil, and the island of Trinidad in order toA. argue that these savannas are similar to those in South America and Cuba.B. point out exceptions to the pattern of savanna formation in areas with drought stress.C. provide additional examples of savannas in areas with five- to eight-month wet seasons.D. indicate areas where savannas are being gradually replaced by rain forests..解析：以savannas in Central America, Brazil, and the island of Trinidad作为关键词定位到原文，看到这半句和前半句中间有but的转折，那么也就是说central America，Brazil 这些地方和前面介绍的不一样，所以是例外情况。

托福阅读否定事实信息题合集之TPO30-2

托福阅读否定事实信息题合集之TPO30-2 托福阅读否定事实信息题是阅读考试十大题型之一，通常每篇阅读中都会出现;tpo是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的否定事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。

本文带来的是TPO30-2的否定事实信息题，一起来看看吧。

TPO30-2 The Pace of Evolutionary ChangeParagraph 1:A heated debate has enlivened recent studies of evolution. Darwin' s original thesis, and the viewpoint supported by evolutionary gradualists, is that species change continuously but slowly and in small increments. Such changes are all but invisible over the short time scale of modern observations, and, it is argued, they are usually obscured by innumerable gaps in the imperfect fossil record. Gradualism, with its stress on the slow pace of change, is a comforting position, repeated over and over again in generations of textbooks. By the early twentieth century, the question about the rate of evolution had been answered in favor of gradualism to most biologists' satisfaction.2. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true EXCEPTO Darwin saw evolutionary change as happening slowly and graduallyO Gaps in the fossil record were used to explain why it is difficult to see continuoussmall changes in the evolution of speciesO Darwin’s evolutionary thesis was rejected because small changes could not be observed in the evolutionary recordO By the early twentieth century, most biologists believed that gradualism explained evolutionary change解析：A答案对应第一段第二句，B对应第一段第三句，D对应一段最后一句。

托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO32-3

托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO32-3托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO32-3托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。

本文带来的是TPO32-3的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。

TPO32-3 Distributions of Tropical Bee ColoniesParagraph 2Stingless bees are abundant in tropical and subtropical environments, where they gather nectar and pollen from a wide variety of flowers. They generally nest in trees and live in colonies made up of hundreds to thousands of workers. Hubbell and Johnson observed that some species of stingless bees are highly aggressive to members of their species from other colonies, while other species are not. Aggressive species usually forage in groups and feed mainly on flowers that occur in high-density clumps. Nonaggressive species feed singly or in small groups and on more widely distributed flowers.2 According to paragraph 2, some species of stingless bees are aggressive mainly towardnonaggressive bees that forage on the same flowersaggressive bees of other speciesbees from their own colonybees of their own species from different colonies答案D解释该段第三句: aggressive to members of their species from other colonies无刺蜜蜂广泛分布于热带和亚热带环境，他们在此地收集多种花蜜和花粉。

托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO28-2

托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO28-2托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。

本文带来的是TPO28-2的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。

TPO28-2 Early Saharan PastoralistsParagraph 1:The Sahara is a highly diverse, albeit dry, region that has undergone major climatic changes since 10,000 B.C. As recently as 6,000 B.C. the southern frontier of the desert was far to the north of where it is now, while semiarid grassland and shallow freshwater lakes covered much of what are now arid plains. This was a landscape where antelope of all kinds abounded----along with Bos primigenius, a kind of oxen that has become extinct. The areas that are now desert were, like all arid regions, very susceptible to cycles of higher and lower levels of rainfall, resulting in major, sudden changes in distributions of plants and animals. The people who hunted the sparse desert animals responded to drought by managing the wild resources they hunted and gathered, especially wild oxen, which had to have regular water supplies to survive.1.According to paragraph 1, what was true of the Sahara region around 6,000 B.C.?O Much less of it was desert than is now the case.O Most areas that are now grassland were covered by shallow lakes.O It had just undergone a major climatic change.O Wild oxen and antelopes lived in separate parts of the region.解析：A 事实信息题原文写到“在公元前六千年左右，在沙漠的南边界，远离北边的地方现在是干旱的平原，当时这里是各种羚羊和原始牛都很丰富的山水画般的地方”那么也就是说那时候那个地方还不是沙漠。

托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO28-3

托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO28-3托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO28-3 托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。

本文带来的是TPO28-3的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。

TPO28-3 Buck Rubs and Buck ScrapesParagraph 1:A conspicuous sign indicating the presence of white-tailed deer in a woodlot is a buck rub. A male deer makes a buck rub by striping the bark (outer layer) of a small tree with its antlers. When completed, the buck rub is an obvious visual signal to us and presumable to other deer in the area. A rub is usually located at the shoulder height of a deer (one meter or less above the ground) on a smooth-barked,small-diameter (16-25 millimeters) tree. The smooth bark of small red maples makes this species ideal for buck rubs in the forests of the mid-eastern United States.2.According to paragraph 1, why are small red maple trees ideal for buck rubs?O They have smooth bark.O They are found in the mid-eastern United States.O They grow very slowly.O They tend to grow in open spaces.解题：根据small red maple tree定位(红色字标出)，而这句话的主语其是“The smooth bark” 因此知道they have smooth bark才是成为理想对象的重要条件。

TPO32阅读详细答案

P l a n t C o l o n i z a t i o n第一段分析●介绍Colonization是植物改变一个地区生态的方法?Colonization的组成：invasion and survival?Colonization的成功：a site available for colonization 第二段分析●介绍invasion与extinction速度不同植物有所不同。

? Pioneer species的特点：large numbers of reproductive propagules 第三段分析●植物传递种子的两种方式?数量多，个头小：wind?数量小，个头大：birds or small mammals第四段分析●植物Colonization的适应性：variation in germination第五段分析●植物succession取决于eventsoccurring at different stages文章结构分析第1题解析：真实信息题。

答案A∙与原文信息Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization---a safe site where disturbance by fire or bycutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established相符迷惑选项∙ B 偷换概念，原文信息为reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level而不是increases negative interactions with otherorganisms on the site.∙ C 原文无提及该信息∙ D 信息杂糅，原文提及fertility of a site但是原文没有将Disturbance reduces fertility联系起来解析：词汇题。

托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO30-3

托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO30-3托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。

本文带来的是TPO30-3的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。

TPO30-3 The Invention of the Mechanical ClockParagraph 2:Medieval Europe gave new importance to reliable time. The Catholic Church had its seven daily prayers, one of which was at night, requiring an alarm arrangement to waken monks before dawn. And then the new cities and towns, squeezed by their walls, had to know and order time in order to organize collective activity and ration space. They set a time to go to sleep. All this was compatible with older devices so long as there was only one authoritative timekeeper; but with urban growth and the multiplication of time signals, discrepancy brought discord and strife. Society needed a more dependable instrument of time measurement and found it in the mechanical clock.3. According to paragraph 2, why did the medieval church need an alarm arrangement?O The alarm warned the monks of discord or strife in the town.O The church was responsible for regulating working hours and market hours.O The alarm was needed in case fires were not put out each night.One of the church’s daily rituals occu rred during the night.解题：对应原文的第二句话，可根据alarm arrangement定位，前文说one of which was at night，后面说to waken monk before dawn，这两个都可以算是原因，选项中符合的只有D。

TPO-32 Reading 2 解析

Q1正确答案：A解析：sever sth. from sth. 有两种意思，第1种是物理上的“切开；切下；割下；割断”；第2种是关系上的“断绝；中断”，是在原文情境中的意思；cut off （也有这2层意思）与其对应。

Q2正确答案：C解析：A选项对应该段第3句的revenues taken away or restricted; B选项对应该段第3句的their sons were enticed away to schools for district office later to be posted in some faraway province; D选项对应该段倒数第2句the rulers no longer had a regular base for relations with rural populations；排除法选C。

Q3正确答案：D解析：根据题目关键词Siam in 1905定位到第二段第2，3句：…in 1905, there were about thirty thousand villages in Siam. This was probably a large increase over the figure even two or three decades earlier, during the late 1800s，“1905年有大概3万个村落，比起18世纪晚期有很大的增长”，D选项准确地概括了定位句的意思。

Q4正确答案：B解析：deficient，缺乏的，稀少的，不足的；名词形式deficiency；反义词sufficient，足够的，充足的；名词形式sufficiency。

rice-deficient，缺乏大米的，对应do not have enough rice。

Q5正确答案：C解析：在第3段中，A选项对应第4句后半句the average price per kilogram doubled；B选项对应第4句前半句annual volume of rice exported from Siam grew from under 60 …to more than 660…；D选项对应段尾句peasants families to expand the amount of land they cultivated…；排除法选C。

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托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO32-2 托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。

本文带来的是TPO32-2的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。

TPO32-2 Siam, 1851 – 1910Paragraph 2The same situation viewed from the perspective of the rural population is even more complex. According to the government's first census of the rural population, taken in 1905, there were about thirty thousand villages in Siam. This was probably a large increase over the figure even two or three decades earlier, during the late 1800s. It is difficult to imagine it now, but Siam's Central Plain in the late 1800s was nowhere near as densely settled as it is today. There were still forests closely surrounding Bangkok into the last half of the nineteenth century, and even at century's end there were wild elephants and tigers roaming the countryside only twenty or thirty miles away.3 According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of Siam in 1905?Its urban population began to migrate out of the cities and into the country.Its Central Plain was almost as densely populated as it is today.It was so rural that wild elephants and tigers sometimes roamed Bangkok.It had many more villages than it did in the late 1800s.答案D解释该段第2,3句; 1905年有3万人比起18世纪晚期有很大的增长同样的情况从农村人口的角度来看则更为复杂。

根据政府的第一次农村人口的人口普查,1905年,在暹罗大约有三万个村庄。

这大量的增加可能出现在二三十年前，即19世纪末。

现在很难想象,但是暹罗的中部在1800年代末远远没有像今天这么多人口定居。

十九世纪下半叶，曼谷周围还有大片的森林，甚至在世纪末的时候，距离乡村二三十英里远的地方还有野生的大象和老虎。

Paragraph 3Much population movement involved the opening up of new lands for rice cultivation. Two things made this possible and encouraged it to happen. First, the opening of the kingdom to the full force of international trade by the Bowring Treaty (1855) rapidly encouraged economic specialization in the growing of rice, mainly to feed the rice-deficient portions of Asia (India and China in particular). The average annual volume of rice exported from Siam grew from under 60 million kilograms per year in the late 1850s to more than 660 million kilograms per year at the turn of the century; and over the same period the average price per kilogram doubled. During the same period, the area planted in rice increased from about 230,000 acres to more than350, 000 acres. This growth was achieve as the result of the collective decisions of thousands of peasants families to expand the amount of land they cultivated, clear and plant new land, or adopt more intensive methods of agriculture.6According to paragraph 3, farming families increased the amount of rice they grew in part bygrowing varieties of rice that produced greater yieldsforming collective farms by joining together with other farm familiesplanting rice in areas that had previously remained unplantedhiring laborers to help them tend their fields答案C解释该段的最后一句plant new land许多人口运动包含了为了粮食耕种开发新土地。

两件事使得这变得有可能且促使其发生。

首先，1855年《鲍林条约》制定的王国对全面国际贸易的开放促进了种植大米的经济专业化，这些大米主要供应给亚洲粮食缺乏的地区(尤其是印度和中国)。

平均每年从Siam出口的粮食从十九世纪五十年代末的六千万千克不到增长到该世纪末的六亿六千万多公斤;同样期间平均价格翻了一番。

与此同时粮食种植地从大约230000公顷增加到350000公顷。

取得这样的增长来自于农村人集体决定去扩张他们的耕地，清理并开垦新土地，或是采用更集中的农业模式Paragraph 4▋They were able to do so because of our second consideration. ▋They were relatively freer than they had been half a century earlier. ▋Over the course of the Fifth Reign (1868 - 1910), the ties that bound rural people to the aristocracy and local ruling elites were greatly reduced. Peasants now paid a tax on individuals instead of being required to render labor service to the government. ▋Under these conditions, itmade good sense to thousands of peasant families to in effect work full-time at what they had been able to do only part-time previously because of the requirement to work for the government: grow rice for the marketplace.7According to paragraph 4, what happened after the government ended the practice of requiring rural people to perform labor for it?Rural people became more closely connected to the aristocracy.Rural people spent more time growing rice for profit.The government began to pay the laborers who grew rice for it.The government introduced a special tax on rice.答案B解释该段最后一句: it made good sense to thousands of peasant families to in effect work full-time, grow rice for the marketplace他们有能力去做是第二原因。

他们比半世纪前的时候更能加自由。

因为十五世的统治将山区人民与贵族和当地统治者的关系斩断了。

农民现在支付个人的税来替代为政府服务。

在这些条件下制造了一个很好的理念给这些农民家庭全天去做以前他们只在闲暇时间做的农事，这是因为要为政府工作：种植大米给市场。

Paragraph 5Numerous changes accompanied these developments. The rural population both dispersed and grew, and was probably less homogeneous and more mobile than it had been a generation earlier. The villages became more vulnerable to arbitrary treatment by government bureaucrats as local elites now had less control over them. By the early twentieth century, as government modernization in a sense caught up with what had been happening in the countryside since the 1870s, the government bureaucracy intruded more and more into village life. Provincial police began to appear, along with district officers and cattle registration and land deeds and registration for compulsory military service. Village handicrafts diminished or died out completely as people bought imported consumer goods, like cloth and tools, instead of making them themselves. More economic variation took shape in rural villages, as some grew prosperous from farming while others did not. As well as can be measured, rural standards of living improved in the Fifth Reign. But the statistical averages mean little when measured against the harsh realities of peasant life.11According to paragraph 5, which of the following was true of Siam's rural people during the Fifth Reign?They were forced to spend most of the profits from rice growing on registrations required by the government.Their lives remained very difficult even though statistics suggest that their quality of life improved.The non-farmers among them were helped by the government more than the farmers among them were.They were more prosperous when they were ruled by local elites than when they were ruled by the more modern government of the Fifth Reign.答案B解释该段最后一句: 统计数据不能说明什么, 农民依然活在水深火热之中12According to paragraph 5, the government bureaucracy intruded in village life byrequiring the people to register their cattle and landrequiring the people to buy certain kinds of imported goodsdiscouraging the people from making handicrafts and toolsencouraging more people to take up farming答案A大量的改变伴随着进步。